版權(quán)說(shuō)明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)
文檔簡(jiǎn)介
1、電大發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)形考作業(yè)(一)答案發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)形考作業(yè)(一)一、名詞解釋1、壓縮比:發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)汽缸總?cè)莘e與燃燒室容積之比2、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)排量:多缸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)中,所有汽缸活塞排量的總和。或者:發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)各汽缸工作容積的總和3、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)外特性:發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油門位于最大供油位置時(shí),其主要性能指標(biāo)(油耗,輸出功率等)隨轉(zhuǎn)速變化而變化的特性。4、汽油機(jī)速度特性:當(dāng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油門位置不變時(shí),主要性能指標(biāo)隨轉(zhuǎn)速的變化關(guān)系稱為速度特性。5、有效燃油消耗率:發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)輸出單位有效功所消耗的燃料量稱為有效燃油消耗率。6、熱力循環(huán):工質(zhì)從初始狀態(tài)經(jīng)過(guò)一系列變化后回到原來(lái)狀態(tài)的過(guò)程叫做熱力循環(huán)。 7、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)負(fù)荷特性:發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速不變時(shí),其性能指標(biāo)隨負(fù)荷變化的特性叫
2、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)負(fù)荷特性二、填空題1.汽油機(jī)由機(jī)體組、配氣機(jī)構(gòu)、曲柄連桿機(jī)構(gòu)、燃油供給系、潤(rùn)滑系、點(diǎn)火系、冷卻系、起動(dòng)系組成。2.活塞在上止點(diǎn)時(shí),離曲軸旋轉(zhuǎn)中心最遠(yuǎn),在下止點(diǎn)時(shí)活塞離曲軸旋轉(zhuǎn)中心最近?;钊麖纳现裹c(diǎn)遠(yuǎn)行到下止點(diǎn)走過(guò)的距離為一個(gè)(行程),它等于(2)倍的曲柄半徑。3.四沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在一個(gè)工作循環(huán)中,曲軸轉(zhuǎn)(2)圈,活塞在汽缸里往復(fù)(2)次,進(jìn)、排氣門各開閉(1)次。4、按完成一個(gè)工作循環(huán)所需的活塞行程數(shù),發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)分為(兩沖程)和(四沖程)兩種。.根據(jù)冷卻方式,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)分(水冷)式和(風(fēng)冷)式。5、理想氣體的3個(gè)基本狀態(tài)參數(shù)是壓力P、(溫度T)和(比容V),它們之間的關(guān)系稱為(理想氣體狀態(tài)方程)。1
3、kg理想氣體的狀態(tài)方程寫為(PV=RT)。6、絕對(duì)溫度與攝氏溫度之間的關(guān)系為(T=273.15+t)。7、四個(gè)基本熱力過(guò)程中,工質(zhì)容積保持不變的熱力過(guò)程為(等容)過(guò)程,工質(zhì)壓力保持不變的熱力過(guò)程為(等壓)過(guò)程,工質(zhì)溫度保持不變的熱力過(guò)程為(等溫)過(guò)程,工質(zhì)和外界沒有熱交換的熱力過(guò)程為(絕熱)過(guò)程。8、通常,氣體受壓縮時(shí)比容減小,壓力(升高),伴隨著溫度(升高)。9、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)怠速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),輸出的有效功率為(0),有效熱效率為(0)。10、已知某發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)輸出的有效功率是52kW,燃油消耗率是230g/(kW.h)。該發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)運(yùn)行1小時(shí)耗油(11.96)kg。11、車用高速柴油機(jī)的理論循環(huán)是(混合加熱)循環(huán)
4、,汽油機(jī)的理論循環(huán)是(定容)循環(huán)。12柴油機(jī)的壓縮比較汽油機(jī)的(大),其經(jīng)濟(jì)性較汽油機(jī)的(好)。13、在不換擋的情況下,柴油機(jī)汽車比汽油車汽車克服短期超載的能力(強(qiáng))。14、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)有效功率與指示功率之比稱為(發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)機(jī)械)效率。15、現(xiàn)代發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)斷缸節(jié)油技術(shù)的理論依據(jù)是(負(fù)荷)特性。三、判斷題1、不管是四沖程還是二沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī),發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)每個(gè)工作循環(huán)是由吸氣、壓縮、爆發(fā)和排氣行程組成。()2、曲柄銷中心線到曲軸旋轉(zhuǎn)中心的距離叫曲柄半徑。()3、.熱力學(xué)中的p-v圖,又叫示功圖。( )4、定容過(guò)程中,工質(zhì)對(duì)外不作功。( )5、有效功率、轉(zhuǎn)矩、轉(zhuǎn)速、有效燃油消耗率都是評(píng)價(jià)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)動(dòng)力性的參數(shù)。( )6、汽油機(jī)
5、實(shí)際工作循環(huán)中,活塞到達(dá)壓縮行程上止點(diǎn)時(shí)火花塞才跳火。( )7、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)實(shí)際的壓縮與膨脹過(guò)程是絕熱過(guò)程。( )8、氣體的比熱越大,溫度升高需要的熱量越少。( )9、真空度越大,說(shuō)明絕對(duì)壓力越小。( )10、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在冷態(tài)下運(yùn)行時(shí),機(jī)械效率大。( )11、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)排量越大,發(fā)出的有效功率也越大。( )12、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)負(fù)荷特性曲線圖中,若耗油率曲線最低點(diǎn)越低、曲線越平坦,說(shuō)明發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的經(jīng)濟(jì)性越好。( )13、柴油機(jī)的扭矩儲(chǔ)備系數(shù)小,在行駛阻力變化時(shí),柴油機(jī)汽車要及時(shí)換擋。( )14、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的負(fù)荷越小,其運(yùn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)性越好。( )15、由于汽油機(jī)外特性是節(jié)氣門全開時(shí)主要性能指標(biāo)(功率、扭矩、燃油消耗率、排溫等)隨轉(zhuǎn)
6、速的變化關(guān)系,所以,外特性表示了發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的最高使用性能。( )四、選擇題1.在壓縮行程末期,進(jìn)、排氣門( A )A.同時(shí)關(guān)閉; B.進(jìn)氣門開、排氣門關(guān); C.進(jìn)氣門關(guān)、排氣門開; D.同時(shí)開。2、下列哪項(xiàng)不是四沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的行程?( C )A進(jìn)氣 B排氣 C點(diǎn)火 D作功3、當(dāng)容器內(nèi)壓力高于大氣壓力時(shí),用壓力表測(cè)得的壓力值為氣體的(B)A大氣壓力 B表壓力 C真空度 D絕對(duì)壓力4.隨發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速的升高,下列( B )是正確的。A.機(jī)械效率不變; B.有效功率增大; C.機(jī)械效率增大; D.以上都不對(duì)5、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在(C)下工作時(shí),燃油消耗率最低。A.怠速; B.滿負(fù)荷; C.大、中負(fù)荷; D.小負(fù)荷6.下
7、列各項(xiàng)不能描述發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工況的是(A)。A.有效燃油消耗率; B.有效轉(zhuǎn)距; C.轉(zhuǎn)速;D.有效功率7.汽缸內(nèi)工質(zhì)膨脹時(shí),容積增大,此時(shí)(B)。a.外界對(duì)工質(zhì)做功,功為負(fù); b.工質(zhì)對(duì)外做功,功為正; c.工質(zhì)與外界無(wú)功量的交換; d.上述均不確定五、簡(jiǎn)答題1.簡(jiǎn)述四沖程汽油機(jī)的工作過(guò)程,比較其與四沖程柴油機(jī)工作過(guò)程的不同。汽油機(jī)的可燃混合氣是從進(jìn)氣管中開始形成,直至延續(xù)到壓縮行程末期。時(shí)間長(zhǎng),混合均勻,而柴油機(jī)的可燃混合氣是在汽缸內(nèi)形成,僅在壓縮行程和膨脹行程上止點(diǎn)附近很短的時(shí)間內(nèi)。汽油機(jī)的著火靠火花塞點(diǎn)燃,柴油機(jī)的著火靠壓縮終了時(shí)缸內(nèi)的高溫自燃。2.已知某四缸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)氣缸直徑行程為8186.4,
8、壓縮比是 =10,求燃燒室容積和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)排量。已知 i = 4 D = 81mm S = 86.4mm = 10求:Vc=? Vh =?解:Vh=D24S10-6D2486.410-60.44499(L)VH= iVh=40.444991.80(L)=Va Vc=1+ Vh VcVc= Vh /(-1)=0.44499 (10-1) 0.05(L)電大發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)形考作業(yè)(二)答案一、名詞解釋1.濕式缸套汽缸內(nèi)側(cè)直接與冷卻水接觸。2.充氣效率是每次循環(huán)實(shí)際留在汽缸內(nèi)的新鮮充量與理想條件下以進(jìn)氣管狀態(tài)可能充滿汽缸工作容積的充量之比。3.配氣相位以曲軸轉(zhuǎn)角表示的進(jìn)氣門、排氣門實(shí)際開、閉時(shí)刻和持續(xù)時(shí)間。4.
9、活塞環(huán)“三隙”活塞環(huán)“三隙”:(1)端隙:話塞平裝在汽缸內(nèi)時(shí)活塞開口的間隙;新環(huán)時(shí)第一道氣環(huán)開口間隙為0.030.45mm。(2)側(cè)隙:活塞環(huán)在高度方向與環(huán)槽側(cè)面間隙為0.020.05mm。(3背隙:指活塞環(huán)裝入汽缸后,活塞環(huán)內(nèi)圓柱面與活塞環(huán)槽底面的間隙為00.35mm。5.曲軸軸向間隙在曲軸安裝到位后曲軸前后竄動(dòng)量。6.全浮式活塞銷發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在工作時(shí)活塞銷在連桿小頭襯套和銷座孔內(nèi)能自由轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。二、填空題1. 曲軸連桿機(jī)構(gòu)由(活塞連桿)組、(機(jī)體)組和(曲軸飛輪)組組成。2. 缸蓋與機(jī)體材料相同時(shí),汽缸墊光滑的一面朝向(缸體)。3. 用來(lái)封閉曲軸箱、儲(chǔ)集潤(rùn)滑油的零件叫(油底殼)。4. 裝在曲軸后端、
10、儲(chǔ)存能量、使曲軸運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)平穩(wěn)的部件稱為(飛輪)。5. 按曲軸箱的結(jié)構(gòu)形式,汽缸體可分為(一般)式、(龍門)式和隧道式。6. 活塞由(頭部)、(頂部)和(裙部)三部分組成。7.(干)式缸套頂面要與機(jī)體上平面平齊,(濕)式缸套頂面套高出機(jī)體上平面0.050.15mm。8. 連桿大頭端采用斜剖式,以保證其橫向尺寸小于(缸徑),拆卸時(shí)能夠穿過(guò)(汽缸)。9. 根據(jù)多缸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工作循環(huán)內(nèi)均勻發(fā)火的原則,五缸四沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)發(fā)火間隔角是 (144)曲軸轉(zhuǎn)角。10. 曲軸由曲拐、(主軸頸)、(連桿軸頸)和平衡重組成。V型發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)汽缸數(shù)等于曲軸曲拐數(shù)的(兩倍)。11. 按主軸頸的個(gè)數(shù),曲軸可分為(全支承)式和(非全支承)式
11、。12. 沿軸線方向,汽缸磨損最大的部位是在活塞(上止點(diǎn))位置時(shí),(第一道氣環(huán))對(duì)應(yīng)的汽缸壁位置。13. 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)大修、選配活塞環(huán)時(shí),除要求與汽缸、活塞同一修理尺寸等級(jí)外,為保證活塞環(huán)工作可靠,還要檢驗(yàn)其(活塞三隙)、(彈力)和(漏光度)是否達(dá)到規(guī)定要求。14. 配氣凸輪軸的旋轉(zhuǎn)是由(曲軸)驅(qū)動(dòng)的,傳動(dòng)方式有(齒輪)傳動(dòng)、鏈條-鏈輪傳動(dòng)和(齒形皮帶)傳動(dòng)。15. 當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)曲軸時(shí),依次觀察發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)各缸的兩個(gè)氣門,先動(dòng)的為(排)氣門,緊接著后動(dòng)的為(進(jìn))氣門。16. 活塞銷與連桿小頭及活塞銷座孔的連接方式有(全浮)式和(半?。┦絻煞N。17. 當(dāng)連桿彎、扭變形并存時(shí),應(yīng)先校正(扭曲),后校正(彎曲)。18
12、. 配氣凸輪軸的布置形式有(頂置)式、(中置)式和(下置)式三種。19. 按斷面形狀,氣環(huán)可分為矩形、(微錐面環(huán))、扭曲環(huán)、(梯形環(huán))和桶面環(huán)。三、判斷題(正確打、錯(cuò)誤打)1. 氣門間隙是氣門與氣門座之間的間隙。()2. 曲軸止推軸承設(shè)置兩處,可以靠地進(jìn)行軸向定位。()3. 不管上采用液壓挺柱還是機(jī)械挺柱,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)均需留氣門間隙。()4. 同一發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)上,各缸活塞、同名氣門均具有呼喚性。()5. 研磨氣門為的是提高其密封性。()6. 氣環(huán)的泵油作用可以加強(qiáng)汽缸上部的潤(rùn)滑。()7. 人們常說(shuō)的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)后端是指飛輪端,即動(dòng)力輸出端。()8. 連桿螺栓擰得越緊越好。()9. 通過(guò)測(cè)量汽缸的圓度、圓柱度,以
13、確定其磨損程度,判斷是否需要進(jìn)行大修及確定修理尺寸。()10. 活塞及活塞環(huán)在安裝時(shí)無(wú)方向性要求。()11. 均勻發(fā)火的四沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī),相繼發(fā)火的兩缸同名配氣凸輪的夾角是發(fā)火間隔角的一半。()12. 多缸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī),通常磨損最嚴(yán)重的是中部汽缸。()13. 汽缸磨損未達(dá)到大修標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、僅需更換活塞環(huán)時(shí),可選擇較原活塞環(huán)加大一級(jí)修理尺寸的活塞環(huán)通過(guò)銼修端隙使用。()14. 同一臺(tái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī),連桿蓋具有互換性,具有方向性要求。()15. 配氣相位的檢查要在氣門間隙調(diào)整好后進(jìn)行。()16. 軸瓦自由狀態(tài)下的直徑比軸頸的直徑略小。()17. 采用雙氣門彈簧時(shí),旋向要相同。()18. 活塞裙部的橫向槽和縱向槽是為了減輕
14、質(zhì)量。()19. 氣環(huán)的密封除了自身的彈力外,還需要少量高壓氣體作用在環(huán)背產(chǎn)生的背壓而起的作用。()20. 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的進(jìn)、排氣門開啟時(shí),氣門向燃燒室內(nèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)。()四、單項(xiàng)選擇題1在發(fā).動(dòng)機(jī)汽缸內(nèi)作往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)的部件是(A)。A 活塞 B 氣門 C 凸輪軸 D飛輪2.下列那些零件不屬于氣門組件中的零件?(A)。A. 活塞 B. 氣門鎖夾、氣門座 C. 氣門彈簧 D. 氣門導(dǎo)管3.甲說(shuō)汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)每個(gè)汽缸有1個(gè)進(jìn)氣門和1個(gè)排氣門。乙說(shuō)現(xiàn)在的汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)每個(gè)汽缸可有2個(gè)或3個(gè)進(jìn)氣門及排氣門,誰(shuí)正確?(C)。A 只有甲說(shuō)的對(duì) B 只有乙說(shuō)的對(duì) C 甲、乙說(shuō)的都對(duì) D甲、乙說(shuō)的都不對(duì)4.發(fā)火順序?yàn)?-3-4-2的四
15、沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī),當(dāng)?shù)谝桓自趬嚎s行程上止點(diǎn)時(shí),第四缸在(A)。A 進(jìn)氣上止點(diǎn)B 排氣行程下止點(diǎn)C 在壓縮行程上止點(diǎn)D進(jìn)氣形成下止點(diǎn)5.為使汽缸蓋變形減到最小,擰緊汽缸螺栓時(shí),要(C)。A 由兩端向中間逐個(gè)對(duì)稱擰緊,分23次擰緊并達(dá)到規(guī)定的擰緊力矩B 由中間向兩端逐個(gè)擰緊,越緊越好C 由中間向兩端逐個(gè)對(duì)稱擰緊,分23次擰緊并達(dá)到規(guī)定的擰緊力矩D一次達(dá)到規(guī)定的擰緊力矩,無(wú)順序要求6.連桿大頭采用斜剖分式的主要目的是(B)。A 便于制造B 便于拆裝C 利于減輕質(zhì)量D便于保證其與曲柄銷的配合7發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)大修時(shí),對(duì)汽缸蓋平面進(jìn)行磨削時(shí),會(huì)影響(B)。A 活塞行程B 壓縮比與燃燒室容積C 汽缸排量D氣門升程8鑲裝濕
16、式汽缸套時(shí),其頂面要(B)。A 與機(jī)體上平面平齊B 高出機(jī)體上平面0.050.15mmC 低于機(jī)體上平面D不一定9安裝扭曲環(huán)時(shí),應(yīng)(A)。A 內(nèi)圓切槽向上、外圓切槽向下B 內(nèi)圓切槽向下或外圓切槽向下C 內(nèi)圓切槽向上、外圓切槽向上D隨意10氣門間隙過(guò)大,會(huì)使(B)。A 氣門關(guān)閉不嚴(yán)B 造成撞擊、磨損,氣門開啟延遲C 氣門開啟提前D發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)省油11.氣門與座圈的密封帶應(yīng)該在(B)。A 氣門工作錐面的中部B 氣門工作錐面的中間靠里C 氣門工作錐面的中間靠外D無(wú)位置要求12凸輪磨損容易造成氣門(D)。A 早開、遲關(guān)B 早開、早關(guān)C 遲開、遲關(guān)D遲開、早關(guān)13用三點(diǎn)規(guī)在連桿校正器上檢查連桿變形時(shí),若上測(cè)點(diǎn)
17、和平板接觸,兩下測(cè)點(diǎn)不與平面接觸且與平面的間隙一致,則表示(C)。A 連桿有扭曲B 連桿無(wú)變形C 連桿有彎曲D連桿彎、扭并存14發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)正常工作時(shí),下列哪一項(xiàng)不是矩形環(huán)作用的結(jié)果?(D)。A 密封B 導(dǎo)熱C 泵由D刮油、布油15安裝正時(shí)齒帶輪和凸輪軸時(shí),( B )A B C D五、簡(jiǎn)答題1過(guò)塞和汽缸壁的間隙過(guò)大、過(guò)小有何害處?列舉出控制該間隙的兩種結(jié)構(gòu)措施。答:間隙過(guò)大:會(huì)導(dǎo)致漏氣敲缸(拍缸)竄機(jī)油等故障。間隙過(guò)?。簩?huì)因活塞膨脹而出現(xiàn)拉缸,卡死等故障結(jié)構(gòu)措施。 活塞裙部橫截面加工成銷座孔軸線方向銷短的橢圓形。 將活塞制成上小下大的錐形或階梯形非正圓柱體。2安裝汽環(huán)時(shí)應(yīng)注意些什么?答:安裝活塞環(huán)
18、應(yīng)使用專用工具,避免將環(huán)拆斷。安裝汽環(huán)時(shí),鍍鉻的環(huán)應(yīng)裝在第一道。3已知某發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的配氣相位角為:進(jìn)氣門早開角為49,晚關(guān)角為86;排氣門早開角為88,晚關(guān)角為52,請(qǐng)畫出配氣相位圖,并求氣門的疊開角。答:49521014舉出兩個(gè)提高充氣效率的措施。答:使進(jìn)氣終了時(shí)缸內(nèi)壓力提高或溫度降低的因素和措施均可使充氣效率提高。如對(duì)汽油機(jī),隨負(fù)荷減小,節(jié)氣門開度減小,進(jìn)氣阻力增大,進(jìn)氣終了時(shí)缸內(nèi)壓力減少,充氣效率下降。出現(xiàn)的新結(jié)構(gòu)新技術(shù)均是以提高充氣效率或凈化尾氣目的的。如多氣門機(jī)構(gòu)、變氣門正時(shí)變氣門升程、變進(jìn)系統(tǒng)等。5說(shuō)明一種檢驗(yàn)氣門密封性的方法。答:氣門安裝好后用煤油或汽油澆在氣門頂面觀察5分鐘氣門與座
19、接觸是否有滲漏現(xiàn)象。電大發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)形考作業(yè)(三)答案名詞解釋1.點(diǎn)火提前角從火花塞跳火時(shí)到活塞行至上止點(diǎn)時(shí),曲軸轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)的角度,稱為點(diǎn)火提前角。2.過(guò)量空氣系數(shù)燃燒1千克的燃油實(shí)際供給的空氣質(zhì)量與理論上完全燃燒1千克燃油需要的空氣質(zhì)量之比。3.閉環(huán)控制閉環(huán)控制是通過(guò)對(duì)輸入信號(hào)的檢測(cè)并利用反饋信號(hào),對(duì)輸入進(jìn)行調(diào)整使輸出滿足要求,如在排氣管上加裝氧化感應(yīng),根據(jù)排氣中的含氧量來(lái)測(cè)定空燃比,把信號(hào)反饋到微機(jī)與設(shè)定的信號(hào)比較對(duì)燃油進(jìn)行修正,使空燃比在所設(shè)定值附近。4.增壓技術(shù)增壓技術(shù)是利用增壓將空氣或可燃混合氣在進(jìn)入汽缸前進(jìn)行壓縮以提高進(jìn)氣壓力,增大進(jìn)氣密度,增加進(jìn)氣量,是提高功率的技術(shù)。曲軸箱強(qiáng)制通風(fēng):在發(fā)動(dòng)
20、機(jī)工作時(shí),會(huì)有部分可燃混合氣和燃燒產(chǎn)物經(jīng)活塞環(huán)由汽缸竄入曲軸箱內(nèi)。當(dāng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在低溫下運(yùn)行時(shí)還可能有液態(tài)燃油漏入曲軸箱就是防止曲軸箱氣體排放到大氣中的凈化裝置。5.廢氣再循環(huán)廢氣再循環(huán)將部分廢氣從排氣管直接引進(jìn)氣管,與新鮮混合氣一道進(jìn)入燃燒室降低燃燒溫度、抑制NOX生成的一種方法。6.冷卻水大循環(huán)路線水泵分水管汽缸水套汽缸蓋水套節(jié)溫器(主閥打開、側(cè)閥關(guān)閉)上進(jìn)水管散熱器下出水管水泵。二、填空題1.汽油機(jī)燃燒過(guò)程分為(著火延遲期)、(速燃期)和(后燃期)三個(gè)階段,柴油機(jī)燃燒過(guò)程則較其多了(緩燃期)。2.汽油牌號(hào)按其(辛烷值)劃分,汽油機(jī)壓縮比越(大),選用的汽油牌號(hào)應(yīng)越(高)。3.點(diǎn)火提前角過(guò)(大)
21、,易發(fā)生爆震。所以,當(dāng)發(fā)生爆震時(shí),可通過(guò)(減?。c(diǎn)火提前角來(lái)抑制爆震。4.隨著轉(zhuǎn)速的升高,汽油機(jī)點(diǎn)火提前角自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)裝置使點(diǎn)火提前角(變大)。5.電控汽油噴射系統(tǒng)由(空氣供給裝置)、(燃油供給裝置)和電子控制系統(tǒng)組成。電子控制系統(tǒng)由電控單元、(傳感器)和(執(zhí)行器)組成。6.安裝在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)排氣管上的(氧傳感器)把信號(hào)送給微機(jī),使其對(duì)(燃油噴油量)進(jìn)行修正,使可燃混合氣空燃比始終穩(wěn)定在理論混合比附近。7.汽油機(jī)功率大小的調(diào)節(jié)是通過(guò)改變(節(jié)氣門)的開度,從而改變進(jìn)入汽缸內(nèi)的(混合氣濃度)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的,所以稱之為量調(diào)節(jié)。8.柴油機(jī)燃油系統(tǒng)中有三對(duì)精密偶件,它們是(噴油器)、出油閥偶件、(柱塞)。9.柴油機(jī)噴油
22、器分為(軸針式)和(孔式)兩種,前者用在(分隔)式燃燒室,后者用在(統(tǒng)一)式燃燒室。車用柴油機(jī)燃燒室一般為(直接噴射)式。10.柱塞副的滑動(dòng)性實(shí)驗(yàn)方法:將柱塞套傾斜(4560)左右,拉出柱塞全行程的(1/3)左右,放手后,柱塞在自重的作用下(緩慢)地進(jìn)入套筒內(nèi)。11.柴油機(jī)調(diào)速器的作用是在柴油機(jī)負(fù)荷改變時(shí),自動(dòng)的改變(供油量)來(lái)維持其轉(zhuǎn)速穩(wěn)定。12.按潤(rùn)滑油供給方式不同,車用發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的潤(rùn)滑方式有(飛濺潤(rùn)滑)、(壓力潤(rùn)滑)和潤(rùn)滑脂潤(rùn)滑,其中主軸頸的潤(rùn)滑屬于(壓力)潤(rùn)滑,活塞、汽缸的潤(rùn)滑屬于(飛濺)潤(rùn)滑。13.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)正常工作時(shí),機(jī)油進(jìn)入燃燒室的途徑是(竄氣)和(泵油)。14.汽油機(jī)的主要有害排放物是
23、(CO)、(HC)和(NOX),柴油機(jī)的主要有害排放物是(NOX)和(炭煙)。15.可變進(jìn)氣岐管系統(tǒng)式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在高速時(shí)采用(短)的進(jìn)氣岐管,中、低速時(shí)采用(長(zhǎng))的進(jìn)氣岐管,以充分利用氣流的慣性效應(yīng)、提高充氣效率。16.機(jī)油泵分(齒輪)式和(轉(zhuǎn)子)式兩種。17.機(jī)油(粗)濾器與主油道串聯(lián),濾清后的機(jī)油流入主油道;而(細(xì))濾器與主油道并聯(lián),濾清后的機(jī)油直接流回油底殼。三、判斷題(正確打、錯(cuò)誤打)1.汽油機(jī)理論混合氣的空燃比等于12.8。()2.汽油機(jī)在低速、大負(fù)荷時(shí)易發(fā)生爆燃。()3.由于有氣門疊開期,所以“回火”現(xiàn)象在柴油機(jī)和汽油機(jī)上都可能發(fā)生。()4.點(diǎn)火提前角過(guò)小,是引起發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)過(guò)熱、排氣管放炮
24、的原因之一。()5.電控汽油噴射發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)中,只要某一傳感器出故障,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)既不能正常工作。()6.熱線式空氣流量計(jì),在每次停機(jī)時(shí),發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)ECU仍會(huì)給其供電12s,以使白金熱線產(chǎn)生高溫,燒去污物。()7.減少著火延遲期內(nèi)噴入的柴油量,可以減輕柴油的工作粗暴。()8.噴油壓力可通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)噴油器調(diào)壓彈簧的預(yù)緊力來(lái)改變。()9.紙質(zhì)干式空氣濾清器經(jīng)油浸潤(rùn)后,濾清效率提高,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)性能得到改善。()10.分配式噴油泵較柱塞式噴油泵體積小,零件少,便于維修。其各缸供油的均勻性較好。()11.當(dāng)潤(rùn)滑系中粗濾器發(fā)生堵塞時(shí),機(jī)油即不能進(jìn)入主油道。()12.兩極式調(diào)節(jié)器僅在柴油機(jī)最高和最低轉(zhuǎn)速時(shí)起作用,以防止飛車和怠速不
25、穩(wěn),而在中間轉(zhuǎn)速時(shí)不起作用。()13.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工作溫度過(guò)高時(shí),應(yīng)立即打開散熱器蓋,加入冷水。()14.水泵、風(fēng)扇的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)都是通過(guò)傳動(dòng)皮帶由曲軸驅(qū)動(dòng)的。()15.潤(rùn)滑油不僅有減小運(yùn)動(dòng)副摩擦、磨損的作用,而且具有冷卻、清潔、密封、防銹的作用。()16.不管是化油器式汽油機(jī)還是電控噴射式汽油機(jī),都是由節(jié)氣門來(lái)控制進(jìn)氣量的。()17.化油器中的主供油裝置除了在怠速和極小負(fù)荷工況外,其他工況均參與工作。()18.車用柴油機(jī)按凝點(diǎn)劃分牌號(hào)。()19.曲軸箱強(qiáng)制通風(fēng)在改善排放的同時(shí),使曲軸箱內(nèi)的壓力升高。()20.風(fēng)扇工作時(shí),風(fēng)向散熱器方向吹,以利于散熱。()四、單項(xiàng)選擇題1.EGR廢氣在循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的功用是(B)
26、。A 對(duì)廢氣中的能量進(jìn)行再利用B 抑制NOX的生成量C 抑制CO的生成量D抑制HC的生成量2.調(diào)整柱塞式噴油泵滾輪體的調(diào)整螺釘或調(diào)整墊塊,可以(C)。A 改變各分泵的供油提前角及各分泵的供油間隔角度B 改變供油壓力C 改變循環(huán)供油量D改變各分泵的有效行程3.柴油機(jī)供油提前角自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)裝置的作用,是在柴油機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速升高時(shí)(A)。A自動(dòng)增大噴油泵供油提前角B自動(dòng)減小噴油泵供油提前角C使噴油量泵供油提前角不變化D以上都不對(duì)4.對(duì)噴油泵供油量不均勻度的要求是(A)A. 怠速和額定均不大于3B. 怠速和額定均不大于30C. 怠速不大于30D. 額定不大于305.噴油嘴針閥磨損后,容易造成(A)。A噴油量增大B
27、噴油量減少C噴油提前D噴油壓力增大6曲軸主軸承徑向間隙太大將導(dǎo)致(D)。A油壓過(guò)高B潤(rùn)滑油變質(zhì)C機(jī)油消耗異常D油壓過(guò)低7以下哪個(gè)零部件是過(guò)同改變流經(jīng)散熱器的冷卻水流量來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)冷卻強(qiáng)度的?(C)。A 水箱蓋B 百葉窗C 節(jié)溫器D風(fēng)扇離合器8以下哪個(gè)不是空氣濾清器臟后的現(xiàn)象?(C)。A發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)無(wú)力B排氣冒黑煙C冷卻液溫度升高D較少燃油消耗9柴油機(jī)工作粗暴,可能的原因是(B)。A點(diǎn)火過(guò)早或過(guò)遲B噴油時(shí)間過(guò)早或過(guò)遲C噴油霧化不良D發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工作溫度過(guò)高10.蠟式節(jié)溫器中的蠟泄漏時(shí),會(huì)使(B)。A 水流只能進(jìn)行大循環(huán)B 水流只能進(jìn)行小循環(huán)C 大、小循環(huán)都不能進(jìn)行D大、小循環(huán)都能進(jìn)行11.下列哪一項(xiàng)不是潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)的
28、零部件?(D)。A 機(jī)油泵B 機(jī)油濾清器C 旁通閥D節(jié)溫器12.下列哪一項(xiàng)不是冷卻系統(tǒng)的作用?(B)。A 從發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)帶走多余的熱量B 保持發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)溫度盡可能低C 使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)盡快達(dá)到工作溫度D保護(hù)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)內(nèi)部零件不過(guò)熱13.下列哪一項(xiàng)不是冷卻系統(tǒng)的零部件?(C)。A 水箱B 風(fēng)扇離合器C 空氣濾清器D節(jié)溫器14.下列哪一項(xiàng)不是汽油機(jī)燃油系中的零部件?(D)。A 燃油泵B 燃油濾清器C 燃油箱D催化轉(zhuǎn)化器15.過(guò)量空氣系數(shù)為(B)的混合氣為經(jīng)濟(jì)混合氣。A0.60.8B1.051.15C0.850.95D0.7左右五、簡(jiǎn)答題1、說(shuō)明汽油機(jī)各工況對(duì)混合氣濃度的要求。答:()穩(wěn)定工況(發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)熱態(tài)無(wú)轉(zhuǎn)速或負(fù)荷的實(shí)
29、然變化)怠速工況a.小負(fù)荷工況a.中等負(fù)荷工況a=1.051.15大負(fù)荷工況:供給功率混合氣a.()過(guò)渡工況:冷啟動(dòng):要求供給極濃混合氣a.以確保發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)能順利啟動(dòng)。暖啟動(dòng):要求供給混合氣a值應(yīng)當(dāng)隨著溫度升高,從啟動(dòng)時(shí)極小值逐漸加大到穩(wěn)定怠速時(shí)需要的a值。要求額外增加燃油使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)具有良好的加速性能。、燃油壓力調(diào)節(jié)器的作用是什么?答:燃油壓力調(diào)節(jié)器的作用是保持發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在任何工作情況下燃油系統(tǒng)的油壓與進(jìn)氣管的壓力差值一定只有恒定時(shí),才能通過(guò)控制噴油持續(xù)時(shí)間來(lái)準(zhǔn)確控制噴油量。、何謂爆震?有何外部特征?答:在正常火焰到達(dá)之前自然出現(xiàn)一個(gè)或多個(gè)或多個(gè)火焰中心迅速將未端混合氣燃燒使缸內(nèi)局部壓力大大升高,形成爆
30、炸勢(shì)沖擊波。、如何排除燃油系氣阻?答:松開油管接頭、打馬達(dá),使馬達(dá)工作直到流出液體汽油。請(qǐng)您務(wù)必刪除一下內(nèi)容,O(_)O萬(wàn)分謝謝!2015年中央電大期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全,電大期末考試必備小抄,電大考試必過(guò)小抄Indonesia has emerged as a top vacation destination for Chinese this summer, along with Thailands Phuket island and the Maldives archipelago. Encouraged by growth in Chinese travelers to Indonesia
31、, the government in Jakarta has recently relaxed its visa policy. Since June 10, Chinese tourists can enter Indonesia through nine appointed locations, including the Soekarno Hatta International Airport in Jakarta, the Ngurah Rai International Airport in Bali and the Kuala Namu International Airport
32、 in Medan, by just getting their passports stamped on arrival. Officially, it is called the free-visa scheme. The new policy also means Chinese tourists can save $35 on visa fees, which will likely make trips to Indonesia more alluring. While such an arrangement allows Chinese visitors to stay up to
33、 30 days for the purpose of traveling, those seeking extensions will need to get paid visas from that countrys missions inBeijing,Shanghai,GuangzhouorHong Kong, according to an official at the Indonesia embassy in Beijing. Santo Darmosumarto, head of the embassys information, social and cultural sec
34、tion, says the new policy is aimed at strengthening people-to-people contacts between the two countries. Dai Yu, marketing director of Ctrip, a major Chinese online travel agency, says: Weve seen a nearly 50 percent growth over the previous month in the number of Chinese tourists to Bali since the p
35、olicy was announced. During his trip to China in March, Indonesian President Joko Widodo proposed that his country and China aim to increase two-way visits to a maximum of 10 million people in the next few years. The Indonesian government has set their sights on greeting 2 million Chinese tourists b
36、y the end of this year, according to the official. The Indonesian government hopes that Indonesian nationals would also be given preferential treatment while visiting China, says Darmosumarto. In 2013, the number of Chinese tourists who visited Indonesia stood around 807,000. Last year, it increased
37、 to 959,000, he adds. Bali remains the most popular site among Chinese tourists. In February, more than 92,200 Chinese tourists made trips to Bali, ranking first among overseas visitors, the Bali Times reported. Last year, the island witnessed more than 586,000 arrivals from China, an increase of 51
38、 percent over 2013. Bali isnt just for sightseeing, but also for weddings, honeymoons, golf and many outdoor activities, says Fan Wenqing, a marketing executive at Garuda, Indonesias national airliner. Garuda offers three nonstop flights between Beijing and Bali, and four each week between Beijing a
39、nd Jakarta. There are daily flights from Guangzhou, inGuangdongprovince, and Shanghai to Jakarta as well. It takes from six to eight hours on a nonstop flight to reach Indonesia from China. Indonesia is home to more than 17,000 islands. Tourists can tour Yogyakarta to see Prambanam and Borobudur, tw
40、o historical and religious sites, and explore the local handicraft markets. The base of a volcano, Bandung, which is also known as the Paris of Java, is ideal for adventure-seekers. Many ecotourism destinations, such as Toba Lake in Sumatra, Tanjung Puting National Park in Kalimantan and Bunaken in
41、Manado, are places the embassy official recommends for tourists. Indonesia boasts world-class surfing facilities along the shores of Sumatra down to Nusa Tenggara Islands. Recently, Lombok, a sister island east of Bali has gotten so much attention from Chinese travelers that some travel agencies are
42、 offering twin packages for Bali and Lombok. The best time to visit Bali is from May to October, when it doesntrainmuch and the weather is cool. At press time, a weeklong package from Shanghai or Guangzhou to Bali was a little more than 3,000 yuan ($480) on Ctrips website. Chinese tourists have take
43、n a shine to rafting in Ubud, sightseeing in Tanah Lot, and surfing and diving in Nusa Lembongan, says Dai. Civet coffee, essential oil and woodcarvings are among the most popular products for Chinese tourists in Indonesia, she says. Indonesian food is also something that visitors shouldnt miss. Loc
44、al cuisines feature many spices, including peppers and cloves, and coconut pulp. Fried rice, dirty duck and roast suckling pig are recommended. Childrens illustration books first appeared in the 1600s in Europe. Their passage to China, however, took much longer, roughly 300 years. In China, children
45、s illustration books have a history of just 100 years and their development can be divided into four stages. From early 1900s to mid 1900s, a large number of books and magazines with illustrations appeared with the fast development of the modern publishing industry. The illustrationarts at that time
46、 were a mixed genre of Chinese traditionalpaintings and the westernstyle, and most of the stories originate from the fundamental changes that China experienced after the collapse of Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), the warlord struggles and the war against the Japanese invasion. The second stage was from m
47、id 1900s to late 1970s, when the cultural revolution (1966-76) ended. The fast development of some special publishing houses for children gave birth to a large number of illustration-story books, which made a good use of folk art techniques, such as wood board carving, frescoes, and ink and wash pai
48、nting, etc. Many of the popular stories are from Chinese history and wars after 1900s. The third stage is from early 1980s to late 1990s, a golden period for the development of childrens illustration books. The reform and opening-up brought in new concepts and ideas from the West to China, a country
49、 that had been closed to the West for nearly three decades. Fast development of economy, society and culture provided the writers and painters with a lot of inspiration to create new literature works and draw illustrations. China also imported large amounts of childrens illustration books from the W
50、est and Japan. Many young parents in China have a strong nostalgia about childrens illustration books they read in the 1980s and 1990s. This is also the last era in Chinas artistic innovation before the advent of the Internet period. The fourth stage is featured with the spread of the Internet and t
51、he other computerized means of art innovation. The hand-drawn childrens illustration books are gradually replaced by cartoons drawn and copied by software and machines, and shown on tablets, computers, television and smart phones, instead of books. Hainan Tropical Wildlife Park and Botanical Garden
52、is natures haven, with no less than 4,000 rare birds and animals representing 200 species. With tropical forest covering over 90 percent of its area, the garden offers beautiful views of a wide range of tropical plants, flowers and fruit trees. The scenic spot about 25 kilometers from the center of
53、Haikou offers a drive-thru safari tour where you can get up close with elephants, lions and bears. The Safari on Foot area features walking trails where visitors can see the rest of the animals, including hippos and monkeys, and feed them for a small fee. Visitors also can see what happens when you
54、breed a lion and a tiger. Two unique attractions are rare hybrids: a liger, the offspring of a mallion and a female tiger and a tigon, which is created by a female lion and a male tiger. As ateaching center of the National Popular Science Education program, the park also serves as a second classroom
55、 for students to learn about wildlife and plants. Since it was established in 1995, it has received more than one million student visitors. At a crucial moment when pessimism has brought the Greek crisis to such a head that the country is closer to a default on its debt repayments than ever, Li offe
56、red a spark of enthusiasm to restart the stalled talks by calling on Greece and its creditors to reach a last-minute deal that will allow Greece to remain in the eurozone. Given the escalation of the countrys crisis over the weekend sent a shock wave through the global stock markets on Monday, there
57、 are ample reasons to worry about the uncertainties surrounding the events in Greece and the effect a default would have on Europe, relations between China and the EU, global financial stability and the nascent global economic recovery. Greece has announced that it will hold a referendum on a bailou
58、t plan proposed last week by the countrys creditors. In response, Greeces eurozone partners have refused to extend the countrys bailout program and the European Central Bank capped its emergency support for the countrys banks. A real danger now looms of Greece exiting the euro, which might derail the global economic recovery and damage the long-term viability of the euro as a currency.
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無(wú)特殊說(shuō)明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫(kù)網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 2025年度打樁設(shè)備租賃合同與質(zhì)量監(jiān)控服務(wù)規(guī)范4篇
- 2025年度共有產(chǎn)權(quán)公寓買賣合同示范4篇
- 2025年度出租屋租賃糾紛調(diào)解服務(wù)合同協(xié)議書4篇
- 二零二五年度民爆物品裝卸作業(yè)安全監(jiān)理服務(wù)合同4篇
- 2025年度儲(chǔ)油罐泄漏檢測(cè)與應(yīng)急處理合同4篇
- 二零二五年度圖書出版行業(yè)促銷推廣合同范本4篇
- 2025年度環(huán)保型廠房設(shè)備租賃合同3篇
- 美容院與供應(yīng)商2025年度原料采購(gòu)合同匯編4篇
- 2025版精密模具采購(gòu)合同與模具加工質(zhì)量保障協(xié)議4篇
- 2025年健康養(yǎng)生熱壓理療服務(wù)合同
- 2025年度版權(quán)授權(quán)協(xié)議:游戲角色形象設(shè)計(jì)與授權(quán)使用3篇
- 2024年08月云南省農(nóng)村信用社秋季校園招考750名工作人員筆試歷年參考題庫(kù)附帶答案詳解
- 防詐騙安全知識(shí)培訓(xùn)課件
- 心肺復(fù)蘇課件2024
- 2024年股東股權(quán)繼承轉(zhuǎn)讓協(xié)議3篇
- 2024-2025學(xué)年江蘇省南京市高二上冊(cè)期末數(shù)學(xué)檢測(cè)試卷(含解析)
- 四川省名校2025屆高三第二次模擬考試英語(yǔ)試卷含解析
- 《城鎮(zhèn)燃?xì)忸I(lǐng)域重大隱患判定指導(dǎo)手冊(cè)》專題培訓(xùn)
- 湖南財(cái)政經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院專升本管理學(xué)真題
- 考研有機(jī)化學(xué)重點(diǎn)
- 全國(guó)身份證前六位、區(qū)號(hào)、郵編-編碼大全
評(píng)論
0/150
提交評(píng)論