表語從句整理及其他試題(共11頁)

1、表語(bioy)從句什么(shn me)是表語？在形式上，位于系動(dòng)詞后的就是表語。從含義上講，表語是回答主語“是什么(shn me)”或“怎么樣”的語法成分。即是指“是”字句“是”字后面的成分。表語就是起表述作用的句子成分。它修飾主語，表語是用來說明主語的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的。表語須和連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成句子的復(fù)合謂語。表語常由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式、動(dòng)詞的-ed、從句來充當(dāng)，它常位于連系動(dòng)詞（be, become, appear, seem等）之后。1、概述作表語的從句叫作表語從句，它位于主句中的連系動(dòng)詞之后。一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語從句”。2、

2、引導(dǎo)表語從句的詞有（一）由從屬連詞that, whether引導(dǎo)的表語從句。that在引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)無詞義，只起連接作用，不可??；而whether有詞義，意為 “是否”，但不充當(dāng)句子的成分（if不能引導(dǎo)表語從句）。這時(shí)主句的主語常常是些抽象名詞，如question, trouble, problem, result, chance, suggestion, idea, reason等。表語從句對主句主語進(jìn)行說明、解釋，使主語的內(nèi)容具體化。e.g. The trouble is (that) she has lost his money. 麻煩的事是他丟了錢。e.g. The question

3、is whether we need more ice cream.問題是我們是否還需要一些冰淇淋。e.g. The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use.問題是它作為日常之用太貴重了。e.g. What she couldnt understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. 我們(w men)不能理解越來越少的學(xué)生對他的課不感興趣。（二）由關(guān)系(gun x)代詞who, what, which, whom, whose

4、, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引導(dǎo)(yndo)的表語從句。關(guān)系代詞who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引導(dǎo)表語從句，在句中作主語、賓語、表語，關(guān)系代詞不能省略。e.g. The question is which of us should go. 問題是我們哪一個(gè)應(yīng)該去。e.g. The problem was who could do the work. 問題是誰能做這項(xiàng)工作。e.g. Thats what he is worrying

5、about. 那就是他在擔(dān)心的事。e.g. Thats what we should do. 那是我們應(yīng)該做的。（三）由關(guān)系副詞when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等引導(dǎo)的表語從句。關(guān)系副詞 when, where, how, why 除在句子起連接作用外，在從句中還充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，方式或原因狀語，本身具有詞義。e.g. Go and get your coat. Its where you left it. 去把雨衣拿來。就在你原來放的地方。e.g. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrell

6、a. Thats why I got wet through. 我們既沒傘也沒雨衣，這是我們淋濕的原因。e.g. That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.那就是老鼠是怎樣每年損害大量糧食的。e.g. That is what he is worried about.那就是他所擔(dān)心的。（四）由連詞because，as if/as though等引導(dǎo)的表語從句。e.g. It looked as if it was going to snow. 看起來好像要下雪了。e.g. Thats because we never thoug

7、ht of it. 這是因?yàn)槲覀?w men)從未想過此事。e.g. It seems as if he didnt know the answer. 好像他不知道(zh do)答案。（五）可以(ky)接表語從句的系動(dòng)詞1）最常用連系動(dòng)詞：be(am; is/was; are/were)。2）表變化的系動(dòng)詞：get; turn; go; fall; become; grow; come; run。用法注意：在英語中，系動(dòng)詞一般只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)兩種時(shí)態(tài)變化形式，沒有其他時(shí)態(tài)變化形式。但表變化的這類系動(dòng)詞除外，它們有各種時(shí)態(tài)變化。e.g. It is becoming colder an

8、d colder.e.g. The food has gone bad.此處還需注意的是become和turn后接表職業(yè)的名詞時(shí)冠詞的有無：e.g. Two years later, he became a teacher.e.g. Two years later, he turned teacher.另外，go表變化時(shí)一般指事情向消極、不好的方面轉(zhuǎn)化。常接的形容詞有：bad, blind, wild, wrong, sour, hard, hungry, mad, red, with, anger, white, pale, blue, grey等3）感官動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞：look; sound;

9、 taste; smell; feel。一般它們在句子中譯成“起來”“上去”。e.g. The food tasted good.食物嘗起來很香。其中必須注意到它們本身也用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，所以在平常的教學(xué)和應(yīng)用中一定多比較、關(guān)注它們的用法。e.g. He looked sadly at the picture. / She looked sad after hearing the news.e.g. Tom tasted the food and it tasted good.4）表狀態(tài)的系動(dòng)詞：keep; stay; remain;（依然是；保持）e.g. She remains loyal t

10、o her father despite his cruelty towards her.e.g. What a lovely day today! I love fine weather and I hope it will stay fine for some more days.e.g. Much remains to be done.5）表象系動(dòng)詞(dngc)：seem; appear。以為(ywi)“看起來像、似乎(s h)、好像”。這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)，即如果要表達(dá)時(shí)態(tài)的變化，需要后接不定時(shí)來完成。e.g. He seemed to have caught cold.e.g.

11、 It seemed that he had caught cold.e.g. When Father came in, Tom seemed to be eating something.e.g. When Father came in, it seemed that Tom was eating something.6）終止系動(dòng)詞：prove; turn out。表達(dá)證實(shí)、證明、結(jié)果為之意。e.g. He proved (to be) right.e.g. The experiment turned out successful.系動(dòng)詞用法應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題：A.一般地說，系動(dòng)詞無進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，

12、無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：e.g. Your hand feels cold.e.g. The soup tastes good.e.g. The dinner smells good.B.系動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與形容詞的比較級連用的問題。某些含有變化意義的動(dòng)態(tài)系動(dòng)詞如get, become, grow, turn等的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)可與形容詞的比較級連用，表示漸進(jìn)過程，其意思是越來越.。例如：e.g. He is growing taller and taller.e.g. Our life is getting better and better.e.g. Things are getting worse.C.所有(

13、suyu)半系動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)要分情況(qngkung)討論。英語(yn y)中某動(dòng)詞在作系動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，無被動(dòng)語態(tài)，而作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，二者不可混為一談。例如：不能說：The apple is tasted good. 因?yàn)閠aste此時(shí)是系動(dòng)詞，嘗起來之意，指的是蘋果的性質(zhì)，無被動(dòng)語態(tài)）但我們可以說：The apple is tasted by me. 這蘋果被我嘗了一下。（taste此時(shí)指嘗一嘗這一動(dòng)作，有被動(dòng)語態(tài)）因此，在平時(shí)的英語教學(xué)和學(xué)習(xí)之，要有意注意半系動(dòng)詞在具體的語言環(huán)境中到底是系動(dòng)詞用法還是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用法，要注意區(qū)分、識別。D.瞬間動(dòng)態(tài)系動(dòng)詞能否與時(shí)間段連用的問題英語中某

14、些表示瞬間意義的系動(dòng)詞不能與for+時(shí)間段，since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，how long until+時(shí)間, by + 時(shí)間，so far等直接連用。例如：不能說：He has become a teacher for 2 years.應(yīng)改為：He has been a teacher for 2 years.不能說：He has turned writer since 3 years ago.應(yīng)改為：He has been a write since 3 years ago.或It is two years since he turned writer.不能說：He got angry until

15、his child came back home.應(yīng)改為：He didnt get angry until his child came back home.E.系動(dòng)詞能接幾種表語（從句）系動(dòng)詞除了接adj./n./prep.短語,還可接以下幾種表語形式：能接as if/as though表語從句的系動(dòng)詞有：look, smell, sound, feel, appear, seeme.g. It looks as if we are going to have snow. 看樣子天要下雪了。e.g. He looked as if he had just stepped out of my

16、book of fairy tales. 他看來好像剛從我的童話故事中走出來(ch li)似的。e.g. She seemed as if (though) she couldnt understand why Laura was there. 看來(kn li)她好像不能理解為什么勞拉呆在那兒(nr)。e.g. It sounds to me as though theres a tap running somewhere. 我好像聽到某處水龍頭流水的聲音。e.g. She felt as if her head were splitting. 她仿佛覺得她的頭要裂開了。e.g. The r

17、iver appeared as if enveloped in smog. 那條河好像籠罩在煙霧之中。e.g. It seems as if it were spring already. 好像已是春天了?？捎糜贗t+系動(dòng)詞+that從句結(jié)構(gòu)的有：seem, appeare.g. It seemed that he had made some serious mistakes in his work.好像他在工作中犯了嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。e.g. It appeared that he was talking to himself.好像他在自言自語。能用不定式作表語的系動(dòng)詞有：be, seem, lo

18、ok, appear, prove, growe.g. Her job is to look after the children. 她的工作是照料孩子們。e.g. He seems not to look after the children. 他好像不是她的父親。e.g. He looks to be a young girl of twenty. 他看起來像是一個(gè)20歲的年輕姑娘。e.g. He didnt appear to dislike it. 看不出他憎恨此事。e.g. My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建議證明是錯(cuò)誤的。能與there連用的系動(dòng)詞有

19、：be, appear, seeme.g. There appeared to be only one room. 那兒好像只有一個(gè)房間。e.g. There seems(to be)no need to go. 似乎沒有必要走。其他(qt)注意事項(xiàng)：1.表語從句(cn j)一定要用陳述(chnsh)語序。False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.2.不可以用if，而用whether 連接表語從句(as if 例外）。

20、引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)可以互換if/whether 位于介詞后要用whether，位于句首時(shí)要用whether 引導(dǎo)表語從句，主語從句，同位語從句時(shí)要用whetherFalse: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.Right: It looked as if he had understood this question.3.“That is why.”與“That is the reason why.”同

21、義，只不過從語法結(jié)構(gòu)上講，“That is the reason why.”中why引導(dǎo)的是個(gè)定語從句， 將其中的the reason去掉則與“That is why.”結(jié)構(gòu)一樣。例如： e.g. That is (the reason) why I cannot agree. 這就是我不能同意的理由。 4.“That is because.”句型中從屬連詞because引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在此作表語，這也是個(gè)常用句型，意為“這就是為什么”、“因?yàn)椤?。“That is because.”與“That is why.”之間的不同在于“That is because.”指原因或理由， “That is

22、 why.”則指由于各種原因所造成的后果。例如：e.g. He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework. 昨天晚上他沒有去看電影，那是因?yàn)樗脦椭拿妹米鲎鳂I(yè)。(第一句話說明結(jié)果， 第二句話說明原因) e.g. He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night. 他以前(yqin)曾看過那部電影，因此(ync)他昨天晚上沒有去看。(第一句話說明(

23、shumng)原因， 第二句話說明結(jié)果)5.當(dāng)主語是reason時(shí)，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning表語從句與賓語從句的關(guān)系：賓語從句和表語從句都屬于名詞性從句。其作用跟名詞在句中的作用相同。故充當(dāng)賓語的句子叫賓語從句，充當(dāng)表語的句子叫表語從句。一、單選題1.The story sounds_.A. to be true B. as true C. being true D. true2.Those oranges taste_.A. good B.

24、 well C. to be good D. to be well3.-Are you feeling_? -Yes, Im fine now.A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better4.-Can I join the club, Dad. -You can when you _ a bit older.A. get B. will get C. gets D. will have got5.-Do you like the material? -Yes, it _very soft.A. is feeling B. fel

25、t C. feels D. is felt6.I love to go to the seaside on Summer. It_good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea.A. does B. feels C. gets D. makes7.Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay8.Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will _ fresh for s

26、everal days.A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed9.What you have said_.Ais sounded interesting Bsounds interestingCsound interested Dlistens interested10.The class begins. Please keep_.Asilent Bsilence Cthe silence Dsilently11.Look! Several people in the crowd seemed_.Ato be fighting Bto

27、 have fought Cbeing fought Dhaving fought12.How _the song she sings sounds! I have never _a better voice.Abeautifully, sounded Bbeautiful, sounded Csweet, listened to Dsweet, heard13.Her feeling about the marriage _rather strange.Ais looked Bis seemed Cseems Dis appeared14.The new shirt_ right.Adoes

28、nt feel Bisnt felt Cisnt feeling Ddoesnt touch15.How happy it_ for me to be home again after twenty years abroad!Agives Bfeels Cis felt Dis given16.John _driver since two months ago.Abecame a Bhas become a Chas turned Dhas been a17.It _he felt very _over the death of the boy.A. seemed that, sad B. s

29、eemed as if, sadlyC. looked as though, sad D. looked that, sadness18. _ everyone here today?A. Be B. Are C. Is D. Am19. Harry is older than I. But he _ younger than I.A. look B. looks C. looked D. looking20. It _ like the singing of the birds.A. sounds B. looks C. smells D. tastes21. This kind of ca

30、ke tastes _.A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well22. The children all looked _ at the broken model plane and felt quite _.A. sad, sad B. sadly, sadly C. sad, sadly D. sadly, sad23. This kind of paper _ nice.A. feel B. felt C. is feeling D. feels24. This math problem is _ and I can do it _.A. e

31、asy, easily B. easily, easily C. easy, easy D. easily, easy25. Coffee is ready. How nice it _! Would you like some?A. looks B. smells C. sounds D. feels26. In winter the days _ colder and colder.A. gets B. getting C. got D. get27. _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in h