專題04 閱讀理解之文化教育類--備戰(zhàn)2021屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型專練（通用版）【解析版】

1、專題04 文化教育類序號(hào)內(nèi)容Part 1題型總覽題型綜述 技巧點(diǎn)撥 讀相關(guān)詞Part 2真題感悟真題詳解 強(qiáng)重難詞 析長(zhǎng)難句.Part 3專題強(qiáng)化真題自測(cè) 新題模擬Part 1題型總覽【題型綜述】文化教育主要指與文化學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)的話題，指教育和學(xué)習(xí)中的困難、語(yǔ)言和交際的態(tài)度、學(xué)習(xí)方法和學(xué)習(xí)策略等方面。這些話題與學(xué)生的日常學(xué)習(xí)密切相關(guān)，通過(guò)這些話題的學(xué)習(xí)和考查，可以讓學(xué)生了解學(xué)習(xí)方法和策略，激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言、運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的熱情。這類閱讀材料的命題點(diǎn)往往落在細(xì)節(jié)理解及推斷題或主旨大意題上?！炯记牲c(diǎn)撥】做推斷題時(shí)，應(yīng)該注意推斷隱含意義的題干中常含infer(推斷)，suggest(暗示)，imply(暗示)

2、，indicate(暗示)，conclude(推斷，得出結(jié)論)等詞語(yǔ)。應(yīng)該注意從以下幾點(diǎn)做起：透過(guò)文章表面文字信息推測(cè)文章隱含意思注意對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點(diǎn)。3. 定位信息：通過(guò)尋讀找到相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)。做主旨大意題時(shí)，應(yīng)該注意弄清文章的大意， 關(guān)鍵是找到主題句。主題句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼應(yīng)， 有時(shí)也在文中，或沒(méi)有主題句，需根據(jù)文章所述內(nèi)容進(jìn)行歸納。各段的主題句也常在該段的首句或尾句。議論文和說(shuō)明文一般有主題句，但記敘文通常沒(méi)有主題句，需要?dú)w納?！咀x相關(guān)詞】major vi.主修scholarship n. 獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金ma

3、ster vt. 精通；掌握l(shuí)ecture n. 演講accumulate v. 積累；積聚encourage vt. 鼓勵(lì)grasp vt. 掌握reward vt. 獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)develop vt. 發(fā)展stand out 脫穎而出earn . by heart 背誦，記住educational background教育背景form a habit of養(yǎng)成的習(xí)慣have a good knowledge of通曉campus 校園canteen 餐廳laboratory/lab 實(shí)驗(yàn)室dormitory 宿舍school dining hall 學(xué)生食堂teaching building 教學(xué)

4、樓lecture theatre 階梯教室the Students/student Union 學(xué)生會(huì)social practice 社會(huì)實(shí)踐parttime jobs 兼職vacation jobs 假期工作prepare for lessons 預(yù)習(xí)功課put ones heart into 專心于concentrate on 全神貫注，專心于graduation ceremony 畢業(yè)典禮afterschool activities 課外活動(dòng)voluntary labor 義務(wù)勞動(dòng)physical activities 體育活動(dòng)hold a sports meeting 舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)lea

5、rn .by heart /keep . in mind 記住keep a good mood in daily life在日常生活中保持良好的心態(tài)have a positive feeling 有積極的情感build up ones confidence 樹立自信心a great challenge 一個(gè)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)catch up with 跟上，趕上be faced with various pressures 面對(duì)各種壓力be at a loss 不知所措be in trouble 處境困難lend/give sb. a hand 幫助某人make sense 有意義regard mon

6、ey as everything 認(rèn)為金錢萬(wàn)能the real meaning of life 生活的真諦warm sunshine 溫暖的陽(yáng)光promote friendship with . 增進(jìn)同的友誼be ready to help others 樂(lè)于助人help sb. out 幫助某人擺脫困境improve the relationship 改善關(guān)系cooperate vi. 合作；協(xié)力cherish vt. 珍惜accompany vt. 陪同；陪伴dilemma n. (進(jìn)退兩難的)窘境，困境develop ones interest培養(yǎng)某人的興趣Part 2真題感悟Passa

7、ge 1【真題詳解】【2020全國(guó)新課標(biāo)I】Returning to a book youve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. Theres a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books dont change, people do. And thats what makes the act of r

8、ereading so rich and transformative.The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. Its true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, its all about the present. Its about the now and what one contributes to the

9、now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.There are three books I reread annually The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningways A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, its his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language i

10、s almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillards Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (隨筆) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazars Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.While

11、I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an authors work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open furth

12、er as time passes. But remember, its you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.24Why does the author like rereading?AIt evaluates the writer-reader relationship.BIts a window to a whole new world.CIts a substitute for drinking with a friend.DIt extends the u

13、nderstanding of oneself.25What do we know about the book A Moveable Feas!?AIts a brief account of a trip.BIts about Hemingways life as a young man.CIts a record of a historic event.DIts about Hemingways friends in Paris.26What does the underlined word currency in paragraph 4 refer to?ADebt BReward.C

14、Allowance. DFace value.27What can we infer about the author from the text?AHe loves poetry. BHes an editor.CHes very ambitious. DHe teaches reading.【答案】24D25B26B27A【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了重新閱讀的意義和益處并向讀者介紹了作者每年重讀的三本書。作者鼓勵(lì)讀者去重新閱讀書籍。24推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句“But books dont change, people do. And thats what makes the

15、 act of rereading so rich and transformative.(但是書沒(méi)變，人變了。那就是使重新閱讀行為如此豐富和富于變化之處)”和第二段“The beauty of rereading lies in that our bond with the work is based on our present register. It is true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings.(重新閱讀的美妙之處在于我們與作品的聯(lián)系是基于我們現(xiàn)在的心理狀態(tài)。真的，我年紀(jì)越大，就越覺(jué)得時(shí)光飛逝。)”可推知，作者喜歡重

16、新閱讀是因?yàn)橹匦麻喿x可以擴(kuò)展對(duì)自己的理解。故選D項(xiàng)。25推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Published in 1964, its his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.”及“an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time”可知，這本書出版于1964年，這是他關(guān)于20世紀(jì)20年代在巴黎的經(jīng)典回憶錄，是他老年時(shí)對(duì)那些野心勃勃卻更簡(jiǎn)單的日子的回顧。由此可判斷出A Movable Feast是關(guān)于海明威年輕時(shí)的生活。故選B項(xiàng)。26詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段中“while money is indee

17、d wonderful and necessary,(雖然金錢確實(shí)是美妙而必要的)”可知，前后句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)境可推知，“rereading an authors work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.”意為“但是但重新閱讀作品是讀者能支付給他們的最高回報(bào)”，由此判斷出劃線詞的意思是“回報(bào)”。故選B項(xiàng)。27推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“The third book is Julio Cortzars Save Twilight: selected poems, because poetry.(第三本書是胡里奧科塔扎的拯救

18、暮光之城: 詩(shī)歌精選，因?yàn)樵?shī)歌)”可知，作者是由于喜歡詩(shī)歌而喜歡這本書。故選A項(xiàng)?！緩?qiáng)重難詞】familiarity n. 熟悉，精通；親密；隨便suspicion n. 懷疑；嫌疑；疑心；一點(diǎn)兒transformative adj. 變化的，變形的；有改革能力的 register v. 登記；（旅館）登記住宿；掛號(hào)郵寄 n. 登記表；學(xué)校點(diǎn)名冊(cè)；（老師對(duì)學(xué)生的）點(diǎn)名登記；登記注冊(cè)；套準(zhǔn)currency n. 貨幣；通貨 annually adv. 每年；一年一次memoir n. 回憶錄；研究報(bào)告；自傳；實(shí)錄intoxicating adj. 醉人的；令人陶醉的；使興奮的ambitious

19、adj. 野心勃勃的；有雄心的；熱望的；炫耀的poetic adj. 詩(shī)的，詩(shī)歌的；詩(shī)意的；詩(shī)人的ramble v. （在鄉(xiāng)間）漫步，閑逛；漫談，閑聊；n. （在鄉(xiāng)間的）漫步，閑逛；look back on回顧；回憶contributes to 貢獻(xiàn)；有助于【析長(zhǎng)難句】1. Returning to a book youve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. 【解析】本句中的Returning to a book是動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)，book后面又跟了一個(gè)省略了that的定語(yǔ)從句youve read many times

20、?！咀g文】重讀一本讀了很多遍的書，感覺(jué)就像和老朋友喝酒一樣。【仿句】_2. And thats what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.【解析】本句中的what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative是一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句，且what擔(dān)任表語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)?！咀g文】這就是為什么重讀的行為如此豐富和具有變化性?！痉戮洹縚3.The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is

21、 based on our present mental register. 【解析】本句中的the idea 后的that our bond with the work是同位語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)中的主語(yǔ)是our bond with the work ，其謂語(yǔ)is based on ，意思是以為基礎(chǔ)?！咀g文】重讀的美妙之處在于，我們與作品的聯(lián)系是建立在我們當(dāng)前的心理區(qū)域之上的。【仿句】_4.But remember, its you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.【解析】

22、本句中的含有一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)you的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，reread是重新讀?！咀g文】但是記住，為了更好地理解朋友，你自己，需要成長(zhǎng)、閱讀、再閱讀?！痉戮洹縚Passage 2【真題詳解】【2020全國(guó)新課標(biāo)II】Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics de

23、velopment in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(認(rèn)知) after controlling for differences in parents income, education and the amount of

24、parent talk, Levine said.The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.“The children who played with puzzles p

25、erformed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋轉(zhuǎn))and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-i

26、ncome parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during pu

27、zzle play than parents of girls.The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.24In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?ABuilding confidence.BDeveloping spatial skills.CLearning self-control.DGaining high-tech knowledge.25What did Levine take into consideration when d

28、esigning her experiment？AParents age.BChildrens imagination.CParents education.DChild-parent relationship.26How do boy differ from girls in puzzle play?AThey play with puzzles more often.BThey tend to talk less during the game.CThey prefer to use more spatial language.DThey are likely to play with t

29、ougher puzzles.27What is the text mainly about?AA mathematical method.BA scientific study.CA woman psychologistDA teaching program.【答案】24B25C26D27B【解析】本文是說(shuō)明文。是關(guān)于孩子們玩智力游戲的研究，介紹了研究考慮的因素，研究過(guò)程和結(jié)果。24細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 develop better spatial skill(在2歲到4歲之

30、間玩智力游戲的兒童在空間能力方面更好)可知，孩子們可以從智力游戲中發(fā)展更好的空間技能。B. Developing spatial skills(發(fā)展空間能力)符合以上說(shuō)法，故選B項(xiàng)。25細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition after controlling for difference in parents income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.( Levine說(shuō)，在控制了不同父母的收入、教育和

31、父母談話次數(shù)后，拼圖游戲被發(fā)現(xiàn)是一個(gè)重要的認(rèn)知預(yù)測(cè))可知Levine在設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)試驗(yàn)時(shí)考慮了父母的收入、教育程度和父母談話的次數(shù)。C. Parents education.(父母的教育)符合以上說(shuō)法，故選C項(xiàng)。26細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls,可知男孩比女孩更喜歡玩復(fù)雜的謎題，即他們可能會(huì)玩難度更大的謎題。D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.(他們有可能玩更復(fù)雜的謎題)符合以上說(shuō)法，故選D項(xiàng)。27主旨大意題。

32、本文是關(guān)于孩子們玩智力游戲的研究，介紹了研究考慮的因素，研究過(guò)程和結(jié)果。所以是關(guān)于科學(xué)研究的。B. A scientific study(一項(xiàng)科學(xué)研究)符合以上說(shuō)法，故選B項(xiàng)?！緩?qiáng)重難詞】high-tech adj. 高科技的，高技術(shù)的；仿真技術(shù)的psychologist n. 心理學(xué)家，心理學(xué)者significant adj. 重大的；有效的；有意義的；值得注意的；意味深長(zhǎng)的predictor n. 氣象 預(yù)報(bào)器；預(yù)言者cognition n. 認(rèn)識(shí)；知識(shí)；認(rèn)識(shí)能力assess vt. 評(píng)定；估價(jià)；對(duì)征稅rotate vi. 旋轉(zhuǎn)；循環(huán)frequently adv. 頻繁地，經(jīng)常地；時(shí)常，屢

33、次math-related skills數(shù)學(xué)有關(guān)的技能interact with與相互作用patial skills可技能【析長(zhǎng)難句】1. Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.【解析】此句是一個(gè)由but連接的并列復(fù)合句。第一個(gè)是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句；第二個(gè)分句中的puzzles help children with math-relat

34、ed skills是賓語(yǔ)從句，做said的賓語(yǔ)。【譯文】如果一些父母親認(rèn)為高科技玩具對(duì)孩子有幫助，他們會(huì)購(gòu)買任何高科技玩具，但研究人員稱，智力游戲能幫助孩子提高數(shù)學(xué)技能。【仿寫】_2. The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. 【解析】句中含有一個(gè)as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句，interact with與互動(dòng)，還含有一個(gè)and about h

35、alf of children in the study played with puzzles at one time.的并列句。【譯文】父母被要求像往常一樣與孩子互動(dòng)，研究中大約一半的孩子同時(shí)玩拼圖。【仿寫】_3. The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spa

36、tial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.【解析】這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。Found后面跟的是省略了that的賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句中的who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾children；when assessed at 54 months of age是省略了主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，完整句子是when they are assessed at 54 months of age?！咀g文】研究人員分析了53對(duì)兒童與父母在家中日常活動(dòng)的錄像，發(fā)現(xiàn)年齡在26個(gè)月至46個(gè)

37、月之間玩拼圖的孩子在54個(gè)月時(shí)的空間能力更強(qiáng)?！痉聦憽縚Part 3專題強(qiáng)化Passage 1【真題自測(cè)】【2018全國(guó)卷2】Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a b

38、ig part of many childrens lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.According to the reports key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they hardly ever read for fun has gone from 8 per cent of 13-year-olds and 9 per cent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 per cent and 27 per cen

39、t respectively today.”The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children,ages 28,remain largely the same.But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined,from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.When it comes to technology and reading,

40、 the report does little to counsel(建議) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence

41、 of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them,parents who read more often,and parents who set aside time f

42、or them to read.As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead,parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.1.What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?A. Childrens re

43、ading habits.B. Quality of childrens books.C. Childrens after-class activities.D. Parent-child relationships.2.Where can you find the data that best supports “children are reading a lot less for fun”?A. In Paragraph 2. B. In Paragraph 3.C. In Paragraph 4. D. In Paragraph 5.3.Why do many parents limi

44、t electronic reading?A.E-books are of poor quality.B. It could be a waste of time.C. It may harm childrens health.D.E-readers are expensive.4. How should parents encourage their children to read more?A. Act as role models for them.B. Ask them to write book reports.C. Set up reading groups for them.D

45、. Talk with their reading class teachers.【答案】1-4ABCA【文章大意】 本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了通過(guò)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),現(xiàn)在孩子們?yōu)榱藰?lè)趣而進(jìn)行閱讀占比降低,并且告訴父母?jìng)儜?yīng)該給孩子們樹立閱讀的榜樣,促使孩子們快樂(lè)地閱讀等。1.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun”和第三段、第四段以及第五段的內(nèi)容,可知這個(gè)報(bào)告主要說(shuō)明了孩子們的閱讀習(xí)慣的情況。2.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。結(jié)合第三段的“According to the reports key finding

46、s22 per cent and 27 per cent respectively today.”可知,本段中出現(xiàn)的from 8 per cent of 13-year-olds and 9 per cent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 per cent and 27 per cent這些數(shù)據(jù)證明了孩子們現(xiàn)在從閱讀中獲得的樂(lè)趣少了。3.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的“It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about incr

47、eased screen time.”可知,父母?jìng)兿拗坪⒆觽兪褂秒娮釉O(shè)備閱讀,主要是因?yàn)槿找嬖黾拥钠聊粫r(shí)間會(huì)影響孩子們的健康。4.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading.”可知,父母?jìng)兘o孩子們樹立榜樣會(huì)促使孩子們閱讀。Passage 2【真題自測(cè)】【2016浙江卷】A scientist wor

48、king at her lab bench and a six-month-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common. After all, the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world,and the baby is, well, just playing.right? Perhaps, but some developmental psychologists

49、(心理學(xué)家)have argued that this play is more like a scientific investigation than one might think.Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table. Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge, it falls to the ground and, in the process, it brings out important evidence about how physical

50、 objects interact(相互作用):bowls of rice do not float in mid-air, but require support to remain stable. It is likely that babies are not born knowing this basic fact of the universe; nor are they ever clearly taught it. Instead, babies may form an understanding of object support through repeated experi

51、ments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects interact. Though their ranges and tools differ, the babys investigation and the scientists experiment appear to share the same aim (to learn about the natural world), overall approach (gathering direct evidence from the worl

52、d), and logic (are my observations what I expected?).Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this way that they investigate human psychology and the rules of language using similar means. For example, it may only be through repeated experiments

53、, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has, for example, unlike the child, Mommy actually doesnt like Dove chocolate.Viewing childhood development as a scientific inve

54、stigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world is simply somet

55、hing that comes from our babyhood. Perhaps evolution(進(jìn)化) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive(認(rèn)知的) systems that make young children feel good about fig

56、uring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it, It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.1.According to some developmental psychologists,.A. a babys play is nothing more than a gameB. scientific research into babi

57、es games is possibleC. the nature of babies play has been thoroughly investigatedD. a babys play is somehow similar to a scientists experiment2. We learn from Paragraph 2 that .A. scientists and babies seem to observe the world differentlyB. scientists and babies often interact with each otherC. bab

58、ies are born with the knowledge of object supportD. babies seem to collect evidence just as scientists do3.Children may learn the rules of language by.A. exploring the physical worldB. investigating human psychologyC. repeating their own experimentsD. observing their parents behaviors4.What is the m

59、ain idea of the last paragraph?A. The world may be more clearly explained through childrens play.B. Studying babies play may lead to a better understanding of science.C. Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.D. Ones drive for scientific research may become stronger a

60、s he grows.5.What is the authors tone when he discusses the connection between scientists research and babies play?A. Convincing.B. Confused.C. Confident.D. Cautious.【答案】1-4 DDCBD【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了孩子的玩耍和科學(xué)家的研究有共同之處。1. D【解析】根據(jù)文章第一段的but some developmental psychologists (心理學(xué)家) have argued that this