第二部分第五講動詞和動詞短語

1、考點精析專題講座語法綜合演練第五講動詞和動詞短語考點一考點二考點三考點四1連系動詞主要包括兩大類(1)表示狀態(tài)的連系動詞：be/seem/look/appear/feel/taste/sound/smell/stay/remain/keep/stand/lie等。She always keeps silent whenever I see her.不管我什么時候看見她，她總是保持沉默。(2)表示轉變或結果的連系動詞：become/turn/go/grow/turn out/fall/prove/come 等。The weather is becoming warmer and warmer a

2、s spring is coming.隨著春天的到來，天氣變得越來越暖和了。2某些系動詞的特點(1)be/look/become/turn/grow/seem/prove等還可以跟名詞作表語。注意turn后面跟可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)作表語時，要省略不定冠詞a(n)。After graduation, she turned nurse.畢業(yè)后她當了護士。(2)look/seem/taste/smell/sound等后面可以跟介詞like 短語作表語。If you tell someone to be quiet, you sound like an old man.(摘自2011安徽高考)如果你告訴某人保

3、持安靜，你聽起來就像一位老者。(3)be/look/feel/sound/seem等后面可以跟as if 引導的表語從句。It sounds as if you are from the south of the States.聽起來你好像來自美國南部。(4)be/seem/appear 等后面可以跟that 引導的表語從句。The reason for your mistake is that you lack confidence in yourself.你犯錯誤的原因是你本身缺乏信心。(2010四川高考)Some people eat with their eyes.They prefe

4、r to order what _ nice.Alooks BsmellsCfeels Dtastes解析：考查動詞的辨析。look為系動詞，意為“看起來”。句意：有些人用眼選擇東西吃，他們喜歡點看起來好的菜。smell“聞起來”；feel“感覺起來”；taste“嘗起來”。答案：A1grow, increase, improve, raise(1)grow“生長”，側重于人或物的生長、發(fā)育，也可指實力的增長。(2)increase“增加”，側重于數(shù)量上的增加。(3)improve“改進；改善”，側重于質量的提高或改善。(4)raise “抬高”，側重于高度和水平的提高。The company

5、 needs to improve performance in all these areas.公司需要在所有這些方面改善業(yè)績。The price of oil increased.石油價格上漲了。2injure, hurt, wound, destroy(1)injure一般指在意外事故中受傷。(2)hurt是表示“傷害”的一般用法，既可指對肉體的傷害，也可指對情感的傷害。(3)wound常指外傷，尤指在戰(zhàn)爭、戰(zhàn)斗中造成的傷害。(4)destroy一般指徹底損壞，常譯成“毀壞；損壞”。I didnt want to hurt his feelings.我不想傷害他的感情。He was wo

6、unded in the battle.他在戰(zhàn)斗中負過傷。3beat, hit, strike, defeat, win(1)beat表示“(尤指用棍或其他硬物)接連地打，擊”，還可表示“打??；勝過”。Our team beats the American team by eight.我們隊以超過美國隊八分的成績戰(zhàn)勝了。(2)上例中的beat不能用hit, strike代替。在表示“打；擊”的意思時，beat表示連續(xù)性的打擊；hit表示對準目標打一下，強調擊中；strike表示突然性或一次性的擊打。She hit him out of anger.她生氣地打了他一下。The tower was

7、 struck by lightning.該塔被閃電擊中。(3)defeat(beat)是指“擊??；戰(zhàn)勝”，賓語通常是人或集體。win是“(在中)獲勝”或“贏”的意思，賓語通常為war, match, game, prize, medal, respect, battle等名詞。He defeated all the other participators and won the prize.他擊敗了其他參賽者，獲了獎。4acquire, get, gain三個詞都有“獲得”的意思，但其側重點各不相同。(1)acquire多指經(jīng)過一段時間的努力而獲得，獲得的內容多是抽象的東西，并且一旦獲得很難

8、失去，如知識等。(2)get是一般用語，指“得到”。(3)gain往往指通過努力或有意識的行動而獲得有益的東西。He has acquired a good knowledge of English.他英語學得很好了。5adapt, adjust, adopt, attach(1)adapt vt.適應；adapt oneself to適應于。(2)adjust vt.適應；調整；adjust oneself to適應于。(3)adopt vt.采取；采納；收養(yǎng)；領養(yǎng)。(4)attach 把附(在上)；重視attach much importance to .非常重視。It is diffic

9、ult for me to adapt/adjust myself to the new environment.我很難適應新環(huán)境。In my opinion, youd better adjust the plan.依我看來，你最好調整計劃。Having no children of their own they decided to adopt an orphan.他們因沒有親生兒女，所以決定領養(yǎng)一個孤兒。1(2011新課標全國卷)William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning

10、to _. Adisappear BfallCfail Ddamage解析：考查動詞辨析。 句意：William發(fā)現(xiàn)他讀書越來越困難了， 因為他的視力開始衰退了。 disappear “消失”； fall “降落；跌倒”； fail “衰退”； damage “損害； 毀壞”。 只有fail符合句意。 答案：C2(2012襄陽二模)Polk was _ by a democratic challenger in the last election.Adefeated BwonCcontrolled Dchallenged解析：此處表示一個人被另外一個人“擊敗”，因此應用defeat或beat,

11、 win的后面只能跟表示“比賽；勝利”等的名詞。答案：A1break短語break away from 脫離break down 壞掉；出故障；垮掉break into 闖入；破門而入break out (戰(zhàn)爭)爆發(fā)break in 破門而入break off 打斷；中斷break up 打碎；(物理)分解；分開；結束；制止Shall we break off and have a cup of coffee?I cant agree with you more.我們能不能停下來喝杯咖啡？我完全贊同。If you go on working like that, you will break

12、down sooner or later.如果你繼續(xù)像那樣工作，遲早你會累垮的。2call短語call for 需要；邀請call on/at 號召；訪問call in 召集；召來 call up 召喚；召集；打電話call off 取消The scene of the children playing happily in the park called up memories of her childhood.孩子們在公園高興玩耍的場景勾起了她對童年的回憶。3come短語come about 發(fā)生 come across 偶遇come to 共計；達到；蘇醒 come true 變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實c

13、ome up 走上前；被提出 come up with 提出come into being 形成 come into use 投入使用4get短語get about 四處走動；傳開 get across 傳達get away 逃脫；設法離開 get down 下來；記下get in 收割；到達 get off 出發(fā)；下班get together 聚會 get through 接通；通過get down to 開始認真干 get over 克服get along/on with 進展；相處 get up 起身；起床5give短語give up 放棄 give in 屈服give out 用盡；分

14、發(fā) give away 泄露；贈送；頒發(fā)give off 發(fā)出 give back 歸還；使恢復Many rich Americans have long given away money to charities, rather than to their children.許多美國的富人很早就開始把錢捐給慈善機構，而不是給他們的子女。6go短語go against違背；對不利 go ahead 開始；進展；進行go after/for 追逐；追求 go without 勉強維持；湊合go in for 愛好；參加；從事 go through 通過；經(jīng)歷；審查go over 復習；仔細審查

15、go by 過去；經(jīng)過I always start the day by going through my email.我每天第一件事就是要看電子郵件。7hold短語hold back隱瞞；控制(情感) hold out 維持；抵抗；硬撐hold up 使耽擱 hold on 堅持；別掛(電話)hold together 團結一致 hold on to 保留；抓住不放Id hold on to that house for the time being; house prices are rising sharply at the moment.我目前要守住這套房子，這段時間房價漲得很快。8m

16、ake短語make up for 補償；彌補 make out 辨認出make fun of 取笑 make up ones mind 下定決心make sense 有道理(意義)；講得通make good/full use of .充分利用make up 編造；組成；構成；補齊；湊足Mary had to make up for the time she missed in school when she was sick, by studying very hard.瑪麗不得不通過努力學習來彌補她生病時所失去的時間。9put短語put aside 把放在一邊 put away 把收好put

17、 down 撲滅；平息 put forward 提出put off 延期；推諉 put out 撲滅；生產(chǎn)put up 掛起；張貼；搭起；為某人提供食宿put up with 忍受；容忍10turn短語turn down 拒絕；調低 turn in 上交turn out 結果是；證明是 turn over 移交；交給turn up 出現(xiàn)；調高 turn off 關掉turn on 打開 turn away 走開turn to 求助于；翻到Stella was disappointed to find her new plan turned down and fell into great de

18、pression. Stella看到她的計劃被拒絕非常失望，難以振作。1(2011蘇北四市第三次調研)The great damage which the destructive earthquake in Japan in March 11, 2011 _ made a great many people homeless.Abrought in Bbrought aboutCbrought up Dbrought out解析：考查動詞短語辨析。句意：2011年3月11日在日本發(fā)生的災難性地震造成的巨大破壞使很多人無家可歸。bring about “造成；導致”，符合句意。bring in

19、“引進；賺得；提出”；bring up “養(yǎng)育；撫養(yǎng)”；bring out “闡明；生產(chǎn)”。答案：B2(2011宜昌聯(lián)考)The protestors urged their government to take measures to _ their carbon emission to reduce greenhouse effect.Acut off Bcut upCcut out Dcut down解析：考查短語辨析。由語意“反對者敦促政府采取措施減少二氧化碳排放以減少溫室效應”可知應用cut down“降低；削減；砍伐”。cut off “切斷”；cut up “切碎”；cut ou

20、t “裁剪；(馬達或發(fā)動機)突然熄火；停止運轉”。答案：D1動詞與down構成的短語break down 壞了；垮了；分解 turn down 調??；拒絕cut down 削減；砍倒 slow down 慢下來put down 記下；寫下；鎮(zhèn)壓 tear down 拆毀；拆除set down 記下What a pity! The car ran out of sight before I could set down its number.太糟糕了。我還沒有來得及記下它的車號，那輛小汽車就駛出了視野。2動詞與on構成的短語depend on 依靠 rely on 依靠insist on 堅持

21、carry on 繼續(xù)；進行keep/go on 繼續(xù) put on 穿上；戴上；上演feed on 以為生You can rely on me to keep your secret.你可以相信我一定會為你保守秘密。3動詞與out構成的短語break out 爆發(fā) point out 指出carry out 執(zhí)行；進行 turn out 結果是；生產(chǎn)；培養(yǎng)work out 算出；想出辦法；健身 find out 查出；弄明白try out 試用；試驗 look out 當心；提防Have you been working out?Yeah. As a matter of fact, Ive been going to the