第八章 被動語態(tài)

1、第八章 被動語態(tài)共二十頁英語中被動語態(tài)使用范圍很廣。凡是不必(bb)說出主動者，不愿說出主動者，無從說出主動者或是為了連貫上下文等等，往往都使用被動語態(tài)。漢語中雖然也有被動語態(tài)，但使用范圍遠比英語狹窄得多。共二十頁被動語態(tài)在商務英語中的表現(xiàn)形式，大致可以分為三類：1. 被動式作為名詞的定語，修飾名詞Spurned marketers are now training their sights on cell phones.那些遭人厭惡的推銷商現(xiàn)在便把目光瞄準(mio zhn)了手機。共二十頁2. 被動式作動詞的補語，修飾動詞或表示某種狀態(tài)。You may rest assured that w

2、e shall start production without any delay upon receipt of you raw materials. 一收到貴方的原材料，我們就開始(kish)生產(chǎn)，對此貴方盡可放心。共二十頁3. 被動(bidng)句式Y(jié)our name and address have been given to us by your Commercial Counsellors Office in Beijing.我方已由貴國駐北京商貿(mào)參贊處獲悉貴公司的名稱與地址。共二十頁被動語態(tài)的翻譯(fny) 英語被動語態(tài)的句子譯成漢語(Hny)時，很多情況下都譯成主動句，當然也

3、有一些可以保持被動語態(tài)。共二十頁一 譯成被動(bidng)句英語的被動語態(tài)句子，有些可以直譯成漢語的“被”字句：The weightless flight fee was waived for Stephen Hawking.史蒂芬.霍金這次失重飛行的費用(fi yong)被減免了。The company has been designated a second contractor to the program.這家公司已被確定為本項目的第二個承包商。共二十頁借助(jizh)其他詞表示借助“受”“為而”“給”“遭”They were given a hearty welcome.他們受到了熱

4、烈歡迎。I am very much impressed by the hospitality and warmth by which you have received us.你們對我們的熱情(rqng)款待給我們留下了深刻的影響。All suggestions of mediation by a third party were rejected.由第三方主持調(diào)解的建議，一個個都遭到了否決。共二十頁譯成“把”、“使”和“由”等字句The present contract is signed by representatives of both parties.本合同由雙方代表簽署。The

5、business is confirmed verbally by your Business Manager Mr. Grant to our Sales Manager Miss Li at a price of US $ 40 per ton.該筆生意系由貴方貿(mào)易部經(jīng)理格蘭特先生與我方銷售部經(jīng)理李小姐口頭(kutu)確認的，每噸單價為40美元。共二十頁譯成漢語的“無主句”Chinas presence is felt, more than ever, all over the world.在世界各地，今天比以往任何時候，都更加感受到中國的存在。Smoking is not allowed

6、 in this theatre.本劇場內(nèi)禁止(jnzh)吸煙。Buying and selling abroad is generally thought to be more difficult than trading.一般認為，做外貿(mào)比做內(nèi)貿(mào)難。共二十頁二 譯成主動(zhdng)句在英漢翻譯中，更多的時候是把英語中的被動語態(tài)靈活譯為主動式，以使得譯文更通順(tngshn)和自然。具體處理方式如下：共二十頁原文中的主語在譯文中仍作主語The ship was destined for London.這艘船是去倫敦的。All items for which we have quoted a

7、re made from very best quality leather.所報的品種均系采用上等皮革制成。As financial markets change, supervision must be prepared to adjust.由于金融市場(jn rn sh chn)在變，監(jiān)管必須隨時準備調(diào)整。共二十頁All payments for the supply of goods under the barter contract shall be settled through the clearing account.所有易貨合同項下供貨的支付都通過清算賬戶結(jié)算。Industr

8、ial designs are applied to a wide variety of products of industry and handicraft.工業(yè)設計(shj)廣泛應用于各種工業(yè)品和手工藝品。共二十頁原文中的主語在譯文中作賓語Your firm has been recommended to us by Coventry Chamber of Commerce.承蒙考文垂商會推薦，得知貴號行名。The new seatbelt regulations have been put into effect in large cities.一些大城市已經(jīng)實施(shsh)開車要系安

9、全帶的新規(guī)定。共二十頁在譯文中加上不確定的主語，如“有人(yu rn)”“我們”“希望”等，譯成主動句Suggestions were made to present the trade terms in another manner for the purpose of easier reading and understanding.有人這樣建議，采用另一種方式表達貿(mào)易術(shù)語，使之更加易于閱讀和理解。共二十頁以it作形式主語(zhy)的被動語態(tài)句型，譯成漢語時，往往有其固定的表達方式：It is rumored 據(jù)謠傳It is considered (thought) that 人們（有人

10、、大家）認為It is generally accepted (agreed, recognized) that 普遍（一般、通常）認為It is believed that有人（人們、大家）相信共二十頁It is well-known that 眾所周知(zhng su zhu zh)（大家都知道）It is said that 據(jù)說（有人 說）It is learned that 據(jù)悉（聞）It is supposed that 據(jù)推測It is estimated (predicated, calculated) that 據(jù)估計（預計）It is reported that 據(jù)報道（報告）共二十頁It must be pointed out that 必須指出It must (should) be admitted that 應該(ynggi)（必須）承認It will be seen from this that 由此可見It cannot be denied that 無可否認It has been proved (demonstrated) that 業(yè)已證明It may be confirmed that 可以肯定共二十頁 Do the exercise on 94共二十頁內(nèi)容摘要第八章。原文中的主語在譯文(ywn)中仍