新概念二課知識(shí)點(diǎn)整理

1、Lesson 7 Too late為時(shí)太晚學(xué)必記單詞detective n. 偵探習(xí)airport n. 機(jī)場(chǎng)目expect v. 期待，等待標(biāo)valuable adj. 貴重的全parcel n. 包裹解diamond n.鉆石steal v. 偷main adj. 主要的airfield n.飛機(jī)起落的場(chǎng)地guard n. 警戒，守衛(wèi)precious adj. 珍貴的stone n. 石子sand n. 沙子?？级陶Zbe too - to 太而/、能detective story偵探小說at the airport在機(jī)場(chǎng)on the airfield在停機(jī)坪上I think so.我認(rèn)為是

2、這樣。I expect so.我布望如此口語expect sb. to do sth.期待某人做某事wait for sth./sb.動(dòng)作上的等待keep guard警戒 =stand guardto their surprise使他們吃驚的是be full of充滿=be filled with經(jīng)典句型They were expecting a valuable parcel diamonds from South Africa.Thieves would try to steal the diamonds.Two men took the parcel off the planeofand

3、carried it into the Customs House.4. To their surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and sand!重點(diǎn)語法過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：be的過去式+現(xiàn)在分詞過去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)經(jīng)常同在一個(gè)句子里使用。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或情況，一般過去時(shí)則表示比較短暫的動(dòng)作或事件。正在進(jìn)行中的動(dòng)作或情況往往由連詞when,while ,as,just as等引導(dǎo)。when, while當(dāng) 時(shí)候（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生）while+從句，動(dòng)詞一定是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞when誕續(xù)性動(dòng)詞/瞬間動(dòng)詞while

4、 能用 when代替,但是 when 卻不 aE能用while代替。while通常只引導(dǎo)持續(xù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)作，并且主句和從句可以同時(shí)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，而 when和 as 一般不這么用。John was watching TV while his wife was talking with a neighbour over the phone.Just as I was leaving the house, you came in.when也可以引導(dǎo)比較短暫的動(dòng)作，while和as則一般 不行。We were having supper when the lights went out.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)往

5、往與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，如allmorning , all night , all day, all evening , the wholeweek等，表示這段時(shí)間一直在干什么。What were you doing all evening? I couldn t find you anywhere.過去動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的時(shí)態(tài)過去兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，習(xí)慣上一個(gè)用一般過去 時(shí)，另一個(gè)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；動(dòng)作長(zhǎng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，動(dòng)作短用一般過去時(shí)；分工的情況，動(dòng)作的開始時(shí)間和結(jié)束時(shí)間幾乎相同，均用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；I was listening to the radio, my sister was dancing

6、.Whenmy mother was doing the housework, my father was watching TV.兩個(gè)動(dòng)作在同時(shí)段進(jìn)行，在不同時(shí)間結(jié)束，先發(fā) 生的動(dòng)作未結(jié)束，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生，先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作用過去時(shí).When I was opening the door, the telephone rang.先開門Whenthe telephone was ringing, I opened the door.電話先響瞬間動(dòng)詞（如：arrive ）沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，所以兩個(gè) 動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，瞬間動(dòng)詞使用過去時(shí)態(tài).When he arrive

7、d, I was having dinner.I am arriving進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示將要教材全解1、The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning.飛機(jī)誤,點(diǎn)了，偵探彳門在機(jī)場(chǎng)等了整整一上午。all 一般直接加表示時(shí)間的單數(shù)名詞構(gòu)成副詞短語， 如：all day , all night , all week , all winter ,all year等。但不說all hour 。whole在表達(dá)同樣的意思時(shí)一般要加冠詞或數(shù)詞，如awhole day/year , two whole weeks

8、 。all morning=all the morningThe plane was late 飛機(jī)晚（點(diǎn)）了The bus was late./The train was late.detectives沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)一些偵探或者那些偵探，強(qiáng)調(diào)偵探這種人，籠統(tǒng)概念，可不加some, the 。2、They were expecting a valuable parcel of diamonds from South Africa.他們正期待從南非來的一個(gè)裝著鉆石的貴重包裹。expect v. 期待,等待vt.& vi. 預(yù)計(jì)，預(yù)料Jim has failed in mathematics as hi

9、s teacher expected.正如他老師所預(yù)料的那樣，吉姆數(shù)學(xué)考試沒及格。vt.等待，期待，盼望（心理上的等待）They are expecting guests tonight.今晚有人要去他們那里作客。expect所表示的等待一般暗含著根據(jù)某些信息或規(guī)律 而作出相應(yīng)反應(yīng)的意思，而wait for 主要接續(xù)“等待”這個(gè)動(dòng)作本身。expect sth.I expect a letter from Jimmy.expect sb.to do sth.期待某人做某事I expect you to write back.I expect my mother to come back.wait

10、 for sth./sb.動(dòng)作上的等待I wait for my mother.vt.認(rèn)為，猜想（一般用于口語）I expect so./I think so. 我希望如止匕口語I expect you ve heard the news.我想你已經(jīng)聽至U這個(gè)消息了a valuable parcel of diamondsvaluable adj. 貴重的 & precious adj. 珍貴的value n.&v. 價(jià)值；valuable adj.有價(jià)值的sth.is valuable/sth. is preciousprecious adj. 珍貴的（帶有一定的感情色彩）precious

11、photo 珍貴的照片拓展：-less 表否定；priceless adj.沒有價(jià)格的，無價(jià)的valueless adj.沒有價(jià)值,不足道的worthless adj.無價(jià)值的3、A few hours earlier, someonehad told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. 數(shù) 小時(shí)前，有人向警方報(bào)告，說有人企圖偷走這些鉆石。a few hours earlier 幾個(gè)小時(shí)以前=a few hours before/a few hours agowould +do過去將來時(shí)，間接方式，轉(zhuǎn)述，站在過去看

12、未來steal （stole , stolen ） v. 偷 & rob sb.搶（某人）vt.&vi. 偷盜，行竊英語中“偷”用steal和rob來表達(dá)，賓語是物，用 steal ;賓語是人，用rob ;跟地點(diǎn)相連，也用 robsteal sth. 偷（某物）My wallet was stolen.John never steals.約翰從不偷東西。拓展:rob sb. 搶（某人） I was robbed. rob the bankvt.巧妙地占用，偷偷地弄到手He has stolen away Mary s heart.他已贏得瑪麗的芳心。vi.偷偷地行動(dòng)，悄悄靠近He stole

13、into the room.他悄悄地進(jìn)了房間4、Whenthe plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield.當(dāng)飛機(jī)到達(dá)時(shí)，一些偵探等候在主樓內(nèi)，另一些偵探則守候在停 機(jī)坪上。代詞others常常和some連用，表示“有些（人）,也有些（人）”或有的，其余的”one - the other 一個(gè)另一個(gè)som(e- others 一些另一些Some students are very hard-working

14、, others are not.others=other+ 名詞復(fù)數(shù)5、Two men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs House.兩個(gè)人把包裹拿下飛機(jī)，進(jìn)了海關(guān)。take sth. off =take sth. away from and carried it into -carried 表示看著很重Customs House 海關(guān)6、While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel.當(dāng)

15、兩個(gè)偵探把住門口時(shí)，另外兩個(gè)偵探打開了包裹。表面上是分工，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，不是同時(shí)開始同 時(shí)結(jié)束，延續(xù)時(shí)間不一致，長(zhǎng)一點(diǎn)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，短時(shí)間的動(dòng)作用過去時(shí).When someone knocked at the door, I was havingdinner.keep guard 守衛(wèi)They kept a close guard over the thieves.at the door 在門邊（固定搭配）two others=two other detectives7、To their surprise, the precious parcel was full of stone

16、s and sand!to ones surprise, 讓某人驚訝的是，那珍貴的包裹 里面裝的全是石頭和沙子。To my surprise, the teacher was late.To one s +表達(dá)人情緒的名詞to ones joyTo my joy, my mother came here yesterday.to ones excitementTo our excitement, our team wins.be full of .裝滿My bag was full of books.The cup is full of water.Lesson 8 The best and

17、the worst最好的和最壞的學(xué)必記單詞competition n.比賽，競(jìng)賽習(xí)neat adj.整齊的，整潔的目path n. 小路，小徑標(biāo)wooden adj.木頭的全pool n.水池解常考短語keepneat保持 整潔every time每次work hard努力工作grow flowers種花make a path修路a wooden bridge 一座木橋enter for報(bào)名參加(各種競(jìng)賽，考試等活動(dòng))win a prize贏得獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)經(jīng)典句型Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town.Bill Frith s gar

18、den is larger than Joe s.Bill works harder than Joe and grows more fl owers and vegetables, but Joe s garden is more interesting.Every year I enter for the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town.重點(diǎn)語法形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí).比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成一般情況下，比較級(jí)在后面加-er ,最高級(jí)在后面加-

19、esteg. small f smaller f smallestshort f shorter f shortest(2)在重讀閉音節(jié)(即：4保音+元音+ 4行音)中，先雙表示兩者間的比較用比較級(jí)。其常見句式有：(1)A+be+形谷詞比較級(jí)+than+B思思是 A比B更eg. This tree is taller than that one.這棵樹比那棵樹高。(2)become+形容詞比較級(jí)+and+形容詞比較級(jí) 意思是 變得越來越,and連接向 個(gè)形谷詞的比較級(jí)。eg. It becomes warmer and warmer when springcomes.春天來了，天氣變得越來越暖

20、和了。(3)在含有or的選擇疑問句中，如果后兩者供選擇， 前面的形容詞要用比較級(jí)形式。eg. Who is taller, Tim or Tom?誰更局，Tim還是Tom?3.形容詞、副詞的最高級(jí)的用法形容詞、副詞的最高級(jí)形式主要用來表示三者或三者 以上人或事物的比較，表示“最”的意思。句子 中有表示范圍的詞或短語。如：of the three, in ourclass, among 等等。eg. He is the tallest in our class.他在我們班里是最高的。She is the prettiest one of the six girls.六個(gè)女孩中，她最漂亮。LiuX

21、iang is the best hurdler in our country.劉翔是我國(guó)最好的跨欄選手。不定代詞1. both&all 的用法句中謂語動(dòng)(1)both意為“兩者都”，指兩個(gè)人或物， 詞用復(fù)數(shù)，常和and連接。eg. Both she and I are students.她和我都是學(xué)生。Both plans are good.這兩個(gè)計(jì)劃都不錯(cuò)。(2)all指三者或者三者以上都eg. All of us should go there.我們所有人都應(yīng)該去那里。They all agree to stay here.他們都同意待在這兒。2. each&every 的用法(1)ea

22、ch表示“每一個(gè)”之意，用來指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上 的人或事物，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體?？勺髅~或形容詞，在句中 充當(dāng)主語，定語，賓語等。直接作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞 用第三人稱單數(shù)。eg. There are trees on each side of the road.這條街的每一邊都有樹。Each of us wears a yellow T-shirt.我們每個(gè)人都穿七件黃色 T恤。(2)every表示“每一個(gè)”之意，指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的 人或事，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，在句中只能作定語，修飾名詞時(shí) 謂語動(dòng)詞也用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。eg. Every student passed the exam.每個(gè)學(xué)生都通過了這次考試。Ea

23、ch &Every共同特點(diǎn)：一者都只能修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，句中謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。3. either&neither 的用法(1)either指兩個(gè)人或物中的任何一個(gè)，表小肯je含義。eg. There are many trees on either side of thestreet.這條街每邊都有樹。Either you or I amgoing to America next week.下周要么你去美國(guó)，要么我去。(2)neither指兩個(gè)人或物中一個(gè)也不， 表示否定含義。eg. Neither of the books is good.這兩本書中沒一本是好的。Neither he nor

24、 I am student.他不是學(xué)生，我也不是。Either&Neither 共同特點(diǎn)：都可作上語，兵語，定語， 作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。、教材全解1. Nearly everybody enters for The Nicest Garden Competition each year, but Joe wins every time.幾乎每個(gè)人都參加每年舉辦的“最佳花園競(jìng)賽”，而每次都是喬獲勝。nearly&almost adv.nearly和almost意義相似，表示“幾乎”、“差不 多”、“差點(diǎn)兒”的意思。在肯定句中可以相互替換， 與否定詞連用時(shí)通常用 almost。eg. I h

25、ave nearly/almost forgotten his name.我?guī)缀跤洸黄饋硭拿至恕e nearly/ almost fell into the river.他差點(diǎn)兒掉進(jìn)河里。Almost no one believed her.幾乎沒有人相信她。enter&enter for v.enter+ 地點(diǎn)：進(jìn)入，走進(jìn)eg. You always knock on the door before you enter.你總是會(huì)在進(jìn)入之前敲門。A stranger entered the building ten minutes ago.一個(gè)陌生人十分鐘前進(jìn)入了大樓。enter for

26、 sth:報(bào)名參加（活動(dòng)，比賽），強(qiáng)調(diào)報(bào)名eg. Mary entered for the test.瑪麗報(bào)名參加考試。She entered for the mathematics competition.她報(bào)名參加數(shù)學(xué)競(jìng)賽拓展：join / join in 參加（加入） attend 出席，參加 （主動(dòng)去）take part in真正的參加，加入competition pete辨析：competition, contest, match, race, game(l)competition 比賽，克爭(zhēng)(正式)eg. chess competition 棋類比賽commercial compe

27、tition茍業(yè)兌爭(zhēng)(2)contest 比賽(賽場(chǎng)上的較量)eg. beauty contest 72folk song contest民歌比賽baby contest寶寶大賽(3)match 比賽(球類)eg. tennis match 網(wǎng)球賽 football match 足球比賽(4)race 比賽(速度)eg. horse race 賽馬 Marathon race 馬拉松賽跑car race賽車(5)game比賽(廣義上),游戲eg. the Olympic Games奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)computer games電腦游戲win v. ( won, won)vi.贏eg. I win.

28、 / I lose.(輸了)vt.厥得win+sth (后面往往是獎(jiǎng)品，不能接對(duì)手)eg. I have won a book.我贏得了一本書。I win the race/game我贏 了 比賽。win a prize 贏了獎(jiǎng) win a prize for 因?yàn)槎丢?jiǎng)eg. My brother won a pair of shoes for thisrace.我弟弟參加賽跑，得到了一雙鞋作為獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。拓展：beat sb 或defeat sb: 贏了某人、打敗某人eg. They were defeated in the basketball match.他們?cè)诨@球比賽中輸了。I defea

29、t you.我打敗了你。2. Billworks harder than Joe and grows moreflowers and vegetables, but Joe s garden is more interesting.比爾比喬更為勤奮，種植的花卉和蔬菜也更多，但介介的化園更曷后情趣。grow v.vt.種植，擴(kuò)大eg. grow plants / rice種植植物/種植水稻(2) vi.生長(zhǎng)，發(fā)展，漸漸變得eg. Babies grow fast.孩 得快。grow up 長(zhǎng)大He has grown up.他已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)大了。The village is growing into a

30、 town.這個(gè)鄉(xiāng)村正在發(fā)展成一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)。vt.&vi.( 使)留長(zhǎng)，蓄長(zhǎng)grow a beard 留胡子辨析：plant&growplant種植（強(qiáng)調(diào)種的動(dòng)作）grow種植，生長(zhǎng)（強(qiáng)調(diào)種植以后的栽培、生長(zhǎng)、管理 過程）3. He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool.他修筑了一條條整潔的小路,并在一個(gè)池塘上架了 一座小木橋。neat adj.neat adj. 整齊的，整潔的，井井有條eg. Keep your desk neat.保持桌面整潔。（2） clean adj./v. 干凈的 / 打掃tidy a

31、dj. 整潔的，整齊的=neatv. 使整潔，整理 tidy up整理房間tidy up the roompath n.(1)(行人走出來的)小徑，窄路We followed the path around the office building.我們沿著辦公大樓周圍的小路走。(2)通道，通路；軌道the path of the earth地球的軌道(3)(文明、思想、行動(dòng)等的)方向；前進(jìn)的路線a path to success走向成功之路wooden adj.eg. She has a piece of wooden furniture.她有一件木制的家具。woodn.木材，木頭，樹林(可數(shù)

32、名詞)e.g. There are many kinds of woods on the hills.在山上有許多種木材。拓展：wooed （木頭）+ en （形容詞后綴）f wooden木帶U 的:wooden desk 木桌； wooden window木窗wool （羊毛）+ （l） en （形容詞后綴）f woolen/ woolen 羊毛的:woolen sweater 羊毛衫；woolen suit 羊毛西服gold （黃金）+en （形容詞后綴）f golden （金黃色的；寶貴的）:golden voice 金嗓子；golden hours 幸福的時(shí)刻make&build v.

33、make&build在義中是同義詞， 修建，建造。make的詞義比較籠統(tǒng)、廣泛，可解釋為“做、作出、制造”等eg. Have you made the skirt by yourself?這條裙子是不是你自己做的（2） build主要限于建筑業(yè)，指“建造，建設(shè)，蓋房子，修筑（橋梁）等”eg. They have made/built a road along the river.他們沿著河岸修了一條路。over prep.（在上方）橫跨，越過eg. He jumped over the fence.他跨過柵欄。eg. The bird flew over the field.小鳥飛過田地。Le

34、sson 9 A Cold Welcome 冷遇學(xué)必記單詞welcome n.v.歡迎習(xí)crowd n.人群目gather v.聚集標(biāo)hand n.（表或機(jī)器的）指針全解shout v.喊叫refuse v. 拒絕laugh v. 笑常考短語a cold welcome 冷遇Town Hall巾政廳a large crowd of in twenty minutes time 在 20 分鐘之后at that moment 在那時(shí)經(jīng)典句型1. It was the last day of the year and a large crowdof people had gathered unde

35、r the Town Hall clock.2. The big clock refused to welcome the NewYear.3. It would strike twelve in twenty minutes time.重點(diǎn)語法1.引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語的介詞in, on, at, during, till與 until(1)用in的時(shí)間短語：表示某一段時(shí)間表示一天中的某段時(shí)間：在早上/ 下午/ 晚上 in themorning/afternoon/evening表示月份、年份 in march 在3月in September 在 9 月in 1984 在 1984 年表示季節(jié)：in

36、(the) spring 在春天in+ “一段時(shí)間”：1)在某段時(shí)間之內(nèi)，這時(shí)它可以與現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過去時(shí)或 將來時(shí)連用，一般與完成某個(gè)動(dòng)作有關(guān)：我總是在10分鐘之內(nèi)吃完早飯。I always eat/have my breakfast in ten minutes.我在兩小時(shí)之內(nèi)做完了考題。I finished the examination in two hours.2)時(shí)間之后，與將來時(shí)連用：母親 10 天后回來。Mother will be back in tendays.(2)用on的時(shí)間短語：具體到某一天表示星期：on Monday; on Friday在星期一早上 on Mondaym

37、orning/evening表示日期： on June 1ston 23rd March/ on March 23 rd表示星期十日期：on Monday, June 1st表示具體時(shí)間：on that dayon that evening我奇奇的生日是8月12日。My brother s birthday is on August 12th.(3)用at的時(shí)間短語：具體到某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)表示確切的時(shí)間:at 10 o clock at 5 o clock表示用餐時(shí)間：at lunch/dinner timeat teatime表示其他時(shí)刻：at noon/night/midnightat this

38、 timeduring后必須跟一個(gè)名詞，指某個(gè)時(shí)間段中發(fā)生了什么事情。那年夏天很熱。It was very hot during the summer.在這半小時(shí)內(nèi)他打了四次電話。Hehas phoned four times during the last half hour.我是在這一周的某天遇見他的。I met him sometime during the week.整個(gè)冬季一直沒下雪。During the whole winter it never snowed.(5) fromtill段明確的時(shí)間:旅游季節(jié)從6月一直到10月。The tourist season runs from

39、 June till October.(6)當(dāng)所用動(dòng)詞只表示一個(gè)短暫的動(dòng)作(如finish,leave)時(shí)，則只能在否定句中用till/until我要到星期一才離開。I won t leave till/until Monday.2.否te句的兩種形式：not any與no 對(duì)于一般疑問 句，可以啟兩種否定的回答：你有時(shí)間嗎 Have you got any time?我沒有時(shí)間。I haven t got any time. / I ve got no time.否定詞 no 比 not any 的語氣要強(qiáng)，但這兩種否定的意義是相同的。no可構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞nobody,none, nothing

40、, nowhere; any 可構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞 anybody,anything 和 anywhere:你見到誰了 嗎 Have you seen anyone?我誰也沒見至U。I ve seen no one/nobody.Ihaven tseenanyone/anybody.你今天干了 什么嗎Have you done anythingtoday?我今天什么也沒干。I ve done nothing.Ihaven tdoneanything.在一個(gè)句子中通常只能有一個(gè)否定詞(包才g never,hardly)我買/、到雞蛋。I can t get any eggs. / I can get n

41、o eggs.而除黑人央語外一般不說：I can get no eggs.教材全解1. A cold welcome.冷遇拓展：welcomen. 歡迎，接待 greeting, receptiona cold welcome 冷遇a warm welcome 熱烈的歡迎v. 歡迎，迎接The children flew to welcome their mother.孩子們飛奔著迎接他們的媽媽。welcome to+ 地點(diǎn)welcome to Chinawelcome backwelcome to do sthadj.受歡迎的welcome news受歡迎的消息You are welcome

42、. 不客氣。crowd clock.It was the last day of the year and a large of people had gathered under the Town Hall那是年的最后一天,大群人聚集在市政廳的大鐘卜面。拓展：crowdn. 人群in the crowd在人群中I saw him in the crowd.我在人群中看到了他。a crowd of people沒有次序的人群a group of people有次序的人群v.擁擠，擠滿Many people crowded into the bus.很多人擠進(jìn)公共汽車?yán)?。gather v.聚集v

43、t.使集攏，集合，召集A crowd soon gathered.一 人立亥朦集了 起來。(2) vt 收集，采集，收(莊稼等)The children are in the field gathering flowers.孩子們?cè)诘乩锊苫?。It has taken me a lifetime to gather all these books.收集所有這些書花了我一輩子的時(shí)間。v.獲知，推測(cè)I gathered from her remarks that she wasn t satisfied with her job.我從她的評(píng)論得知，她對(duì)工作并不滿意。It would strike twelve in twenty minutes time. 再過20分鐘，大鐘將敲響12下。strikestrike -struck -struckv. 打，擊She struck the man in the face.她打 了 那個(gè)男人的臉。） v. 敲，彈（鐘，樂器等）strike the clock（人）敲鐘Strike while the iron is hot.趁熱打鐵。v. 碰撞The ship struck against th