高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空集訓(xùn)營(yíng)課件：高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空專(zhuān)題剖析

1、高考英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)題剖析語(yǔ)法填空一般來(lái)說(shuō)，語(yǔ)法填空試題有兩種試題形式：詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)化題和純空格題。對(duì)于每一類(lèi)試題要采用不同的解題方法。同時(shí)要特別注意對(duì)動(dòng)詞類(lèi)的考查，它是考試中的重中之重。【方法指導(dǎo)】作表語(yǔ)(系動(dòng)詞之后)、定語(yǔ)(修飾名詞)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(表性質(zhì)狀態(tài))時(shí)，通常用形容詞形式?！镜淅縃e spoke to me in English and started explaining his past life when he was (health).解析句中缺表語(yǔ)，根據(jù)空后堤示詞及語(yǔ)意可知，此處應(yīng)填health的形容詞形式healthy。1、詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)換題healthy(1).and other times t

2、hey make a very (consider) effort to communicate with you.解析修飾名詞effort，要用形容詞形式，故填considerable。considerable【方法指導(dǎo)】作主語(yǔ)，或在及物動(dòng)詞、介詞后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，前面可能有形容詞修飾，通常用名詞形式，注意單復(fù)數(shù)形式?！镜淅縃e had witnessed too many (die) and wounds at the Battle of Solferino in Italy four years earlier，in which 40，000 people were killed，wound

3、ed or missing.解析考查詞形變化。這里指的是死亡，是可數(shù)名詞，在句中作及物動(dòng)詞witness的賓語(yǔ)，空前的too many也暗示應(yīng)用death的復(fù)數(shù)形式。deaths(2)Apples new machine，the Lisa，proved to be an expensive (fail).解析考查派生詞的用法。從空前的an expensive可知此處缺少一個(gè)名詞，故填failure。failure【方法指導(dǎo)】在指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞或者“冠詞(形容詞)”后，用名詞形式?！镜淅縄 ran into my neighbor，Dennis，yesterday afternoon

4、.He asked if I wanted two tickets to the theater.He had season tickets but couldnt go to this (perform).解析根據(jù)this的提示，此處應(yīng)該使用perform的名詞形式。performance【方法指導(dǎo)】修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，或作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，用副詞形式?！镜淅縊ne hundred percent of all donations will go _(direct) to the charities.解析用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞go。directly(3)The country now has

5、a total of 178 million people over 60，accounting for 13.26 percent of the total population，and the figure will increase by 3 percent (annual).解析此處使用副詞修飾整個(gè)句子。所以填annually，意思是“一年一次地”。annually【方法指導(dǎo)】根據(jù)句子意思及前后邏輯關(guān)系，有可能是詞義轉(zhuǎn)換題，詞性不一定要變，主要考查與詞根意義相反的派生詞，需要在詞根前加un、im、in等，或在詞根后加less等?！镜淅縇ost in the tune，he came

6、suddenly upon a_ (home) beggar lying in the midst of the sidewalk.He reached down，touched the beggars cheek，and left a 100dollar bill to him.解析此處需要形容詞修飾名詞beggar。他突然發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)無(wú)家可歸的乞丐躺在人行道中間。homeless【方法指導(dǎo)】若括號(hào)中所給詞為動(dòng)詞，也有可能考詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)換；若是形容詞或副詞，有可能考查其比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)?！镜淅緼lso，the more children young couples have，the (happy)th

7、ey become.解析“the比較級(jí)，the比較級(jí)”意思是“越就越”。根據(jù)句中的the more children可知，此處要用比較級(jí)。且語(yǔ)境表示“孩子越多，年輕夫婦就越不幸?！?，故應(yīng)填unhappier。unhappier2、純空格試題【方法指導(dǎo)】如果句子缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則一定是填代詞或名詞(多考代詞)。【典例】Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk，but after some minutes walked away and sat near me，looking annoyed.解析句子缺少主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)上文可知此

8、處仍指上文提到的那位男子，所以用he。he【方法指導(dǎo)】如果句子不缺主語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞后又不缺賓語(yǔ)，則在名詞或代詞前面一定是填介詞?！镜淅縏he new boy looked at the teacher a few seconds and.解析for a few seconds意思是“幾秒鐘”，for接一段時(shí)間構(gòu)成的介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。for(1)The young man went home a happy heart.解析本空格處缺介詞，故填with構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)with a happy heart“心情愉快地”，作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。with【方法指導(dǎo)】名詞前面若沒(méi)有限定詞(冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、不定

9、代詞)，則很可能是填限定詞?！镜淅緽ut she quickly realized that it wasnt her，it was probably the fact that she sat in last row.解析“最后一排”為特指，要加定冠詞the，即in the last row。the(2)After the student left，the teacher let student taste the water.解析空格后接的詞是student，是單數(shù)，another student表示另一個(gè)學(xué)生，無(wú)限定范圍的另一個(gè)。another【方法指導(dǎo)】若兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單詞或短語(yǔ)之

10、間沒(méi)有連詞，則可能是填連詞。【典例】Each time the boy did something good，a thousand tiny angels gathered around the boys heart started tickling it.解析根據(jù)本句內(nèi)容可知，gathered around the boys heart和started tickling it是并列關(guān)系，故用并列連詞and。and【方法指導(dǎo)】若兩句(一個(gè)主謂關(guān)系算一個(gè)句子)之間沒(méi)有連詞，也沒(méi)有分號(hào)或句號(hào)，則一定是填并列連詞或從屬連詞?！镜淅縏he Unicef found that，although the

11、 situation has slightly improved，many women are still not included in family decisions， as a result their children are more likely to suffer from poor health.解析考查連詞。根據(jù)句意可知，空格前后都在說(shuō)明男女不平等的結(jié)果，因此使用并列連詞and。and(3)One day，he came up with an idea he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.He did so the

12、next day.解析他提出一個(gè)想法(idea)即他將把所有的禾苗拔高幾英寸?？崭窈蟮木渥右饬x完整并不缺少成分，故該空格處應(yīng)填純粹的連詞that(不作成分，也沒(méi)有含義)引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句解釋先行詞idea的內(nèi)容。that【方法指導(dǎo)】若結(jié)構(gòu)較完整，并且空格后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是原形，特別是與上下文時(shí)態(tài)不一致或主謂不一致時(shí)，則很可能是填情態(tài)動(dòng)態(tài)或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或倒裝的助動(dòng)詞(do，does，did等)?！镜淅縃e had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife，but he bring home a regular sal

13、ary.解析這是一個(gè)由but連接的并列句，由前一分句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞had可知，后一分句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞bring也應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)?？墒?，bring卻用原形，既與語(yǔ)境的時(shí)態(tài)不符，也與主語(yǔ)he不一致，而且該句不是倒裝句，因此，此處必定是填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的助動(dòng)詞did(的確)。did【方法指導(dǎo)】由特殊的句式結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)判斷空格應(yīng)填的詞。由it is.that.強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)判斷，填it還是that；so/such.that，(n)either.(n)or等?！镜淅縏he uneducated person，on the other hand，either is unable to do it， does it ba

14、dly，.解析此處表示“或者”，要注意either.or搭配。or(4)I was nervous when I stood on the stage that I forgot everything.解析so.that.意思是“如此以至于”。so由倒裝句式判斷，是填構(gòu)成倒裝條件的only，so，neither，nor，never，hardly，seldom，not until，had等，還是填do，does，did等?！镜淅縉ot I caught sight of my teacher in the crowd did I calm down.解析句意：直到我在人群中看見(jiàn)我的老師我才平靜

15、下來(lái)。not until放在句首，句子要部分倒裝。until由it作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)的句式判斷，空格處是否填it。【典例】She remembered how difficult was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.解析句型：it is difficult(for sb)to do(某人)難以做。how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句缺少主語(yǔ)，用it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)to choose.。it3、給出動(dòng)詞題【方法指導(dǎo)】如果句中缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，并確定所給動(dòng)詞要填寫(xiě)為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，就要考慮時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。【典例】He (pr

16、etend)that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.解析句意：他假裝那個(gè)老虎玩具是真的此處表達(dá)“我”上車(chē)時(shí)他正在做的事，故用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。was pretending(1)He walked in as if he (buy)the school.And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.解析這是由as if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣(他沒(méi)有買(mǎi)下學(xué)校)，因?yàn)槭桥c過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。(2)Where men control the household，less

17、 money (spend) on healthcare and food，which results in poorer health for children.解析考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。money與spend之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，根據(jù)從句的時(shí)態(tài)可知應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。had boughtis spent【方法指導(dǎo)】如果句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，并確定所給動(dòng)詞要填寫(xiě)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，就要考慮是v.ing形式、過(guò)去分詞形式還是動(dòng)詞不定式：作主語(yǔ)，v.ing形式與不定式一般可以互換，意義無(wú)多大區(qū)別；但在疑問(wèn)句和句型“There is no主語(yǔ)”中，主語(yǔ)需用動(dòng)名詞而不用不定式?！镜淅縄t is wide

18、ly believed that (form)a good habit will benefit us all our lives.解析It is widely believed that.從句中缺主語(yǔ)，這里使用動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，表示泛指意義的行為。forming作目的狀語(yǔ)或在形容詞后作狀語(yǔ)，一般用不定式?！镜淅縁or example，the proverb，“plucking up a crop (help)it grow”，is based on the following story.解析根據(jù)句子的意思，諺語(yǔ)是“揠苗助長(zhǎng)”，要用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。to help(3)She wish

19、ed that he was as easy (please)as her mother，who was always delighted with perfume.解析她希望他像她的母親一樣容易滿(mǎn)足。賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)是was easy，并且空格位于表語(yǔ)形容詞easy之后，故考慮填動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，這時(shí)應(yīng)聯(lián)想到句型：He is easy to please.(It is easy to please him.)“使他很容易滿(mǎn)足”。to please作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，通常用分詞：與邏輯主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞；與邏輯主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過(guò)去分詞?！镜淅縈ary will never forget th

20、e first time she saw him.He suddenly appeared in class one day， (wear) sunglasses.解析由前面的逗號(hào)可知這里不是并列謂語(yǔ)，應(yīng)該是分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，因?yàn)檫壿嬛髡Z(yǔ)是he，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。wearing(4)After the student left，the teacher let another student taste the water.He spit it out， (say)it was awful.解析他把喝進(jìn)口里的水吐了出來(lái)，同時(shí)說(shuō)這水很難喝。out與空格之間是逗號(hào)，并且say的邏輯主語(yǔ)也是句子的主

21、語(yǔ)he，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞spit的動(dòng)作與say的動(dòng)作相伴發(fā)生，故填saying作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。saying作賓語(yǔ)，通常用動(dòng)名詞或不定式，介詞后面要用動(dòng)名詞。【典例】I remember (cry)on my mothers lap at a family gathering to read her will.解析remember doing sth意思是“記得做過(guò)某事”。crying作定語(yǔ)，不定式表將來(lái)；現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行；過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)與完成?！镜淅縒hen there was no place in the whole field _(leave)to dig，the rabbit dug a tunn

22、el right to where the dog had been lying all the time.There he found the carrot and the bone.解析此處為place的后置定語(yǔ)，leave與place構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此使用過(guò)去分詞形式。left(5)The doors to the theater were open and we handed our tickets to the ticket takers (stand)in the doorway.解析the ticket takers是動(dòng)作stand的執(zhí)行者，故要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作后置定語(yǔ)。

23、(6)Their lives are made a bit easier to have this opportunity (find)nice clothing for not a single penny.解析此處用不定式作定語(yǔ)，修飾opportunity。standingto find作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，不定式表動(dòng)作全過(guò)程；現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行；過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)或完成?！镜淅縄 noticed a man (sit)at the front.解析notice sb doing sth現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示正在做某事。sitting(7)While she was getting me (

24、settle)into a tiny but clean room，the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car.解析把“我”安置在一個(gè)很小但很干凈的房間里。get sb done。故填過(guò)去分詞settled作賓補(bǔ)。settled獨(dú)立主格和with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)?！镜淅緼nyone who finds a dead bird with a band on its legs is asked to send the band to Washington with a note (tell) where the bird was fo

25、und.解析with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和其邏輯主語(yǔ)note為主謂關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。telling易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1思維定勢(shì)干擾He was very tired doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher.解析tired的短語(yǔ)搭配。be tired of具有很強(qiáng)的干擾性，其意為“對(duì)厭煩”，很明顯，本句解釋不通。同時(shí)，我們還應(yīng)想到be tired after/from，其意為“因而勞累”。本句句意為：農(nóng)夫勞作一整天后很疲勞，但是他對(duì)莊稼長(zhǎng)“高”了感到很高興。after/f

26、rom【即時(shí)小練】(1)July 1，1997 saw the return of Hong Kong to China.The day our Chinese people had looked forward to (come) at last.解析句子主語(yǔ)是the day，此處缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，并不是考查look forward to doing結(jié)構(gòu)。came(2)Cursing my misfortune，I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who h

27、ad gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honor of receiving me a guest in their house.解析因?yàn)閞eceive的搭配receive.from，這給考生解題造成了干擾，但是如果我們考慮到receive.as意為“把當(dāng)作來(lái)接待”，那么答案就很清楚了。as以題說(shuō)法有考生看到be tired馬上聯(lián)想到be tired of結(jié)構(gòu)，但這里不是“厭倦”之意，而是表示“在之后累”“因而疲倦”。突破指南為了避免思維定勢(shì)的干擾，考生應(yīng)認(rèn)真理清句子含義和固定搭配結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷出合乎情理的句子意思。

28、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2詞形變化干擾(2013廣東)But such a small thing couldnt 23 (possible) destroy a village.解析possible修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞destroy作狀語(yǔ)，將possible變成副詞，但是考生容易把possible的副詞寫(xiě)成possiblely或possiblly，而不是possibly，這就造成本題失分。答案possibly【即時(shí)小練】(1)(2014廣東)She was 22 (surprise) helpful.解析此處修飾helpful，要用副詞，故用surprisingly，但是考生容易寫(xiě)成surprising，surpri

29、singly或surprisedly，造成失分。答案surprisingly(2)(2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó))While there are 68 (amaze) stories of instant transformation，for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river.解析此處修飾stories，要用形容詞，故用amazing。但是，考生很容易寫(xiě)成amazed，amazedly，造成失分，因?yàn)閍mazing意為“令人驚訝

30、的”，amazed意為“(人)感到驚訝的”。換言之，現(xiàn)在分詞轉(zhuǎn)換的形容詞常常修飾事物，過(guò)去分詞轉(zhuǎn)換的形容詞常常修飾人或者與人有關(guān)的事物。橫線(xiàn)后面是名詞story，說(shuō)明應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在分詞轉(zhuǎn)換的形容詞。答案amazing(3)(2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó))There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and 43 (disappoint).解析此處考查系動(dòng)詞look的用法，在本空中l(wèi)ook后接形容詞。但是，考生很容易寫(xiě)成disappointing而造成失分，因?yàn)閐isappointed意為“(人)感到失望的”，而disappointing意為“令人感到失望的”，與句子意思不相符。答案disappointed以題說(shuō)法詞形變化干擾是指提示詞本身具有特殊變形所引起的干擾。在語(yǔ)法填空中，有些形容詞在變化為副詞時(shí)拼寫(xiě)發(fā)生變化。例如：(1)以le結(jié)尾的形容詞，變le為ly：possiblepossibly，terribleterribly，comfortablecomfortably，gentlegently，simplesimply(2)以y結(jié)尾的形容詞，變y為ily：eas