高中英語句子成分與結(jié)構(gòu)講解

1、關(guān)于高中英語句子成分和結(jié)構(gòu)講解第一張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月nounadj. / adv.infinitiveV-ing V-edetc.主語謂語賓語賓語賓補(bǔ)表語賓語(間)賓語(直)Vt系動(dòng)詞ViNoun / PronounThe + adjV-ing / ClauseInfinitiveNoun / Pronoun / The + adjV-ing / Clause / Infinitive英語句子基本成分示意圖be / feel / seem / lookappear / stand / lie become /get / grow / turn go / come / r

2、emain/ keeptaste / smell etc. nounpronounadj. / adv.infinitiveV-ing / V-edclauseetc.第二張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Members of a sentence主語 subject謂語 predicate賓語 object表語 predicative賓補(bǔ) complement定語 attribute狀語 adverbial同位語 appositive第三張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主語謂

3、語定語賓語同位語狀語第四張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月主語（subject）句子說明的人或事物,主語一般位于_ 。句首Lily llikes her new bike.To learn English well is not easy.第五張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（二）謂語（predicate)：由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語充當(dāng)，位置一般放于主語后面。He works very hard.謂語The weather is very nice today.謂語 He looked up the word in the dictionary.謂語第六張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2

4、022年6月 How many do you want? - I want two. They sent the injured to hospital. They asked to see my passport. I enjoy working with you. Did you write down what he said? (數(shù)詞)(名詞化的形容詞)(三)賓語（ object ）動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，由n.或相當(dāng)于n.的詞擔(dān)任。置于_或_之后。（不定式）（動(dòng)名詞）（句子）及物動(dòng)詞介詞第七張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 通常情況下，指物的叫直接賓語，指人的叫間接賓語。間接賓語

5、多放在直接賓語之前。間接賓語直接賓語please pass me the book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.He gave me some books.第八張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（四） 定語:(attribute) （Noun/Pronoun）這是一節(jié)生動(dòng)有趣的課This is a lively and interesting class.有一些難題要處理There is something difficult to deal with.前置定語后置定語Tips:形容詞作定語時(shí)通常放在被修飾詞的前面，而介詞短語、不定式短語

6、則放在被修飾詞之后。第九張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（五） 表語（predicative）連系動(dòng)詞1.be動(dòng)詞(am, is, are, was, were)3.感官動(dòng)詞(look, smell, hear, feel)+表語2.表狀態(tài)變化的動(dòng)詞(get/become/turn/keep/remain/stay)My sister is a nurse.She got angry.第十張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself kn

7、own to them. （六）賓語補(bǔ)足語 （object complement）第十一張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月(七) 同位語:(appositive)我們有兩個(gè)孩子，一男一女We have two children, a boy and a girl.那人是我的老師，他從來都不騎自行車The man, my teacher, never rides a bike.當(dāng)兩個(gè)同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置時(shí)，一個(gè)句子成分可被用來說明或解釋另一個(gè)句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位語。第十二張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月八. 狀語:(adverbial)狀語是修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞

8、，副詞以及全句的句子成分；按用途分，可分為時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，結(jié)果，目的，條件，讓步，程度，方式，伴隨狀況等。第十三張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月表時(shí)間：yesterday, today, tomorrow Shall we go shopping today or tomorrow?我們是今天還是明天出去買東西??？表地點(diǎn)：in China, at the airport I saw a student in the classroom.我在教室里看見一個(gè)學(xué)生第十四張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月表原因: because, as, for, since他因?yàn)樯∷越裉鞗]有

9、去上學(xué) Because he was ill, he didnt go to school today.表結(jié)果：to+do, v+ing, 從句那個(gè)男孩從樹上掉下來了，頭撞到地上了The boy fell off the tree, striking his head against the ground.表目的:in order to, in order that, for the purpose為了考入一個(gè)更好的學(xué)校，我必須更加努力In order to get into a better school, I must study even harder .第十五張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作

10、于2022年6月表?xiàng)l件: as/so long as, if, unless,只要努力學(xué)習(xí)，你就會(huì)取得好成績As long as you study hard, you can get a high mark.表讓步: in spite of, despite, although, though他雖然不認(rèn)識(shí)我，但卻幫了我He helped me although he didnt know me.表程度: very, enough, to some extent那里的風(fēng)景非常漂亮The scenery there is very beautiful.第十六張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年

11、6月表方式: like that, as, as if不要那樣看我Dont look at me like that!表伴隨狀況：老師走進(jìn)教室，手里拿著一本書The teacher came into the classroom, catching a book in his hand.with第十七張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月畫出下列句子的狀語 I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that

12、 I missed the train.I waited to see you.He often went to school by bus.His parents died, leaving him an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.第十八張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月consolidation第十九張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1. T

13、he students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. He is to leave for S

14、hanghai tomorrow.9. His wish is to become a scientist.10. Do you have anything else to say?第二十張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Five basic sentence pattern英語五大基本句型一: (主謂)二: (主系表)三: (主謂賓)四: (主謂間賓直賓)五: (主謂賓賓補(bǔ))第二十一張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1.(主謂)是不及物動(dòng)詞1. The sun rose. 2. What he said does not matter. 3. They talked for

15、half an hour. 第二十二張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 2.+(系動(dòng)詞)+(表語) 1. The dinner smells good. 2. Everything looks different. 3. Our well has gone dry. 4. His face turned red. 第二十三張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3. S+V+O (V是及物動(dòng)詞)例如：1. I saw a film yesterday.2. They built a house last year.3. You should look after your child

16、ren well.第二十四張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4. S+V+O1+O2 (V是及物動(dòng)詞)在此句式中，V是帶有雙賓語的及物動(dòng)詞。常見的帶有雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive, ask, bring, offer, send, pay, lend, show, tell, buy, get, rob, warn等。例：she ordered herself a new dress.she cooked her husband a delicious meal.第二十五張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月5. S+V+O+C The war made him a soldier.Ne

17、w methods make the job easy.Tips：賓語與其補(bǔ)足語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系第二十六張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月a. b. c. d. e. 1. Please tell us a story. _2. She smiled. _3. His job is to train swimmers. _4. He noticed a man enter the room. _5. Please look at the picture. _dabec Practice 第二十七張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Nobody went.She became a doctor.The car caught fire.I will write you a long letter.I will let him go. 主 + 謂主 + 系 + 表主 + 謂 + 賓主 + 謂 +間接賓語 +直接賓語主 + 謂 +賓 + 賓補(bǔ)第二十八張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月