至今最強邏輯連接詞

1、* *史上最全邏輯連接詞Although （更書面）= though （更口語 ） = even if （即使，更偏假設性）= even though （雖然，更偏事實性）+句子注：不能與but 連用。Devoted though we are to prosperity and freedom, we cannot shake off the judgmental strand of ju stice. 用倒裝No matter how/what/who 等 = 疑問句 +everNo matter who/Whoever you are, you must keep the law.注意：

2、疑問句+ever 可以引導名詞性從句Whoever （力 no matter who ） comes will be welcome.，as long as You can do what you want, as long as you like.名詞 / 表語 / 動詞 + as（ though ）倒裝 ，。，表“縱使”O(jiān)bject as/though you may, I ll go 。Small as atoms are, they are made up of still smaller units 。Lover of towns as I am, I realize that I

3、owe a debt to my early country life.Whetheror正反兩方面，。表“不論。與否”Whether you believe it or not , its true.Youll have to attend the ceremony whetheryoure free or busy.Be 原型 +主語 + 表語（ n, adj ） = whether+ 主語 +be 動詞 +表語（ n, adj ） 。不論。一文學性強的虛擬語氣，表 讓步。Be it historical tradition, faith and culture, or social sy

4、stem, values and level of development, those co untries or regions are often different from one another.Despite +n/ving = in spite of 盡管 . （不能加句子）Despite the fact that + 句子（太累贅）Despite myself,情不自禁地一Her words were so satirical （諷刺的）that I lost my temper in spite of myself。Notwithstanding +sth 盡管But n

5、otwithstanding its ancient lineage, it is open to the following challenge.Albeit 雖然即使You are to be given one method of communication with your rival, albeit indirect communication.#1.2 原因翻#SinceAsBecauseFor +句子As a result of sth . = As a consequence of sth 由于 sth, sth 是原因。Because ofOwing to sth 介詞Th

6、anks to.后面原因一般是積極性的By virtue of sthOn account ofBe due toOwe to sth 動詞Account for=result in 表示導致Systematic economic forces account for the disastrous loses.Attribute to把。歸因于。He attributed the opposition to a deep-seated attitude in military.Sth would explain why For this reason ,.For one reason or a

7、nother, 由于某種原因（不具體指明）His travel articles are always, for one reason or another, fascinating.For one thing ,在眾多原因中指出其中一個A lot of people don t take the time to read contracts. For one thing, they re often in very tiny print.On this/that account ,由于這個、那個原因She was divorced, and on that account alone my

8、mother disliked her.The reason why+ 結果/ that+ 原因Greed is the reason why they do not deserve the money.#1.3 結果翻#Accordingly=Consequently原因+Result in+結果This outcome will result in children starting bullying younger ones.ThusHenceSoThereforeExcessive greed is therefore a vice that a good society should

9、 discourage if it can.As suchAs a result 最終，因此，結果As a consequence/In consequence,.#1.4目的翻#SoSo thatShould law be neutral towards competing conceptions of virtue, so that people can be free to choose for themselves the best way to live?In order thatRegular checks are required in order that safety sta

10、ndards are maintained.To do sth, To answer it, we have to explore the meaning of justice.In order to do sthIn order to determine who deserves what, we have to determine what virtues are worthy of honor and reward.For the sake of sth=For sth s sake 為了 sth 的目的I hope you re not doing this just for the

11、sake of the money.For clarity s sake, I d like to reword my statement.#1.5 轉折翻#However,Yet輕微轉折And yet we worry when judgments about virtue finds their way into laws.WhereasConverselyNeverthelessOtherwise,否則On the contraryInstead,表示對上述方式的完全反轉Instead, a just society respects each people s freedom to c

12、hoose his or her own conception of the good life.ContrarilyInverselyContrariwiseOppositely,Instead of sthAs opposed to表示與前述對象的反轉對比The cost of these planes is 3million, as opposed to the 2million charged by their competitors.While引導從句，表明前后情況不同，做個對比Rather than.并不是、而不、并沒有，前后對等Be honest rather than clev

13、er.誠實勝于機巧。This policy might lead them to stay in harm s way rather than flee to safety.Rather than press for maximum advantages, people look out for one another.#1.6 對比#While既可以對比相反的東西，也可以對比稍有不同的Ancient theories start with virtue while modern theories start with freedom.On the other hand,By/In compa

14、rison/contrast 對比之下Their lives were exciting and glamorous; ours seemed dull by comparison.The virtue argument, by contrast, rests on the judgment that greed is a vice that state should discourage.Alternatively,提供另一種思路或方法建議In/By comparison with sth 介詞This essay will briefly review the cons and pros

15、of imprisonment in comparison with job training.By comparison with the lively teenagers, the adults were a joyless lot.Compared with/to#1.7 類比翻#Just as/likeSimilarly,Likewise,Identically,Equivalently,As asThey have sacrificed as surely, and as honorably, as those who have lost a limb.The same asTour

16、ists find this park just the same as the one they visited previously.In the same way/manner#1.8 遞進#FurtherFurthermoreBesides,MoreoverIn addition to sth,In addition to outlining the causes of this problem, this essay will also propose solutions.In addition,What s moreApart from B其有兩個意思，既可以：除了 B （包括B）

17、,也表示：除了 B （不包括B）Additionally,#1.9 舉例翻#The likes of 就像Such asLikeTheir purchases of necessities like safe lodging are forced.Including ,包括e.g.直接加sth,中間沒有逗號is a case in point.正在點兒上，指例子可以很好地闡述這個觀點Here is a case where 指出例子Here is a case where the economy as a whole seemed to outweigh considerations of f

18、airness.Take . as an example 以。為例In some instances.在某些情況中For instances,For example,#1.10 假設#IfIf its price is higher, manufacturers will find it worth their while to produce more goods. Given/provided/providing+ 名詞/that 從句，考慮到、假如You can go out to play provided that you finish your homeworkfirst.It s

19、 a lot easier to get good marks on a short-answer question, providingyou do it well.Only if,唯有，唯一的條件是The rebels say they are ready to stop fighting, but only if the prisoners are released. On condition that ,以。為前提，只有#1.11 解釋，轉述#In other words, Prosperity matters, in other words, because it contribut

20、es to our welfare.That is, that is to say, i.e.NamelySome groups, namely students and pensioners, will benefit from the new tax.Mean that#1.12 并歹 U#AndA as well as B,強調(diào)as前得名詞或者形容詞 A,不僅B,而且AWe must learn to look at problems all-sidedly,seeing the reverse as well as the obverse side of things. 強調(diào)要看到re

21、verse即反面no less A than B,同上強調(diào)前面 A,不僅B,而且Anot only A, but also B,不同上，強調(diào)后面B,不僅A,而且BHe is a statesman as well as a scholar=He is no less a statesman than a scholar=He is not only a sc holar but also a statesman.and.A.as well.則強調(diào) A#1.13 說明觀點#認為/支持/反對#認為：Argue that.有“爭論到”之意，用于對陳述相反觀點Some economists argue

22、d that the law was misconceived.Believe thatSome believed that the exchange of goods should be governed by a just price.Acknowledge that.承認，一般表示某人承認，之后會轉折I have to acknowledge that it has the advantage of high efficiency.Maintain that* * *#支持:Defenders of this law maintain that, under certain condit

23、ions, the free market is not truly free.Hold thatMany people hold that government should be neutral on matters of virtue and vice.Insist thatThose who insist that only bleeding wounds should be count believe that Claim that 聲稱The veteran s group claimed that doing so woulddebase the honor.Point outA

24、s he points out, buyers under duress have no freedom.Consider (to be).認為。如何Some people favor abortion rights, and others consider abortion to be murder.Whereas some consider it an form of reverse discrimination against people who deserve admission on their merits.Be of the opinion thatI am of the op

25、inion that car ownership should be discouraged.From a personal point of view,.From a personal point of view, it is essential to reduce non-essential travel.Sb s point is that某人的意思是Plato s point is that to grasp the meaning of justice and the nature of the good life, we must rise a bove from the prej

26、udices and routines of everyday life.SupportFavor sth/doing sthThe captain favors including mental injuries.Defend sth捍衛(wèi)，支持Some defend affirmative actions in college admissions as a way of righting past wrongs.Advocates/defenders/proponents反對者、支持者Conviction ,堅信My firm conviction is that punishment d

27、oes not has much of a role to play in this.#反對：Argue against. 反對Jeff, a pro-market commentator writing the book Boston Globe, argued against this law.Reject反對某種觀點/行為Jim rejected the notion that these aunconscionable prices reflected a truly free exchange.A civilized country should reject the torture

28、 of terror suspects.The argument for or against sth. 對某話題的支持/反對觀點We should also consider one further argument for this law.Oppose sth/sb/doingA veteran s group opposed awarding the medal for psychological injuries.DisagreeCitizens of pluralist societies disagree about such things?Disagree withTheref

29、ore I have to disagree almost entirely with the given statement.Opponents反對者，是名詞Not surprisingly, the opponents of this law invoke these two similar arguments for free markets.It is true thatbut用于承認一方后，強調(diào)另一方#表示優(yōu)點缺點 advantages and disadvantagesIts advantages overweight its s and cons

30、strengths and weaknessesmerits and demeritsbenefits and problemsEven if high prices call forth a greater supply of goods, this benefit has to be weighed against the b urden such prices impose on those least to afford them.On the plus/positive/negative sideOn the downside sth do more good than harmA

31、Outweigh B, A超出B,更重要，用以連接上述的優(yōu)缺點詞匯The possible benefits outweigh the risks involved.#做結論Conclude that.So we can conclude that .In brief/in summary/conclusionTo summarize#根據(jù)According to/based onthought.According to the textbook context, this question divides ancient and modern political#引出話題It is said

32、 that 據(jù)說It seems thatThe focus of is on sth.The focus of this essay is on the causes of and solutions to this problem.* *In terms of/ regarding/concerning/ when it comes to sth/as for/for/with regard to/with respect t o 關于、至于，talking about/speaking of 比較口語化*PART2 重要句式結構*原則：主謂賓是骨頭，邏輯連接詞是骨頭間的韌帶，其他修飾詞則

33、是肌肉。名詞從句= 名詞What I am proficient in is ancient Chinese literature.That s where he met me.ThoseThose+adj/ving/ved/to v/ 介詞 ，代表一類人或物All those eligible will receive a cash handout.The new law clearly benefits those earning the most money.Only 18 percent of those surveyed opposed the idea.Im going to so

34、rt these old books into those to be kept and those to be thrown away.Have some consideration for those without a job.Those+ 從句 who（ 人 ）/which （物） /whose （表歸屬）/in which （表位置），Those 相當于一個名詞Only those who had booked in advance were allowed in.We must try to find out those which may be attacked most eas

35、ily.This disease is more likely to strike those whose immune systems are already below par.The poems which he wrote in the countryside are generally agreed to be those in which he found hi s true voice.He who can be a best servant can be a best leader.在句子中，任何名詞隨時都可以用ved/ving/ 介詞 /形容詞來修飾，可以使得單句也有復雜結構

36、，卻比定語從句簡單疑問詞 +to+vI am considering how to manage this assignment But who is to judge what is virtue and what is vic e?動詞分詞做定語(ving, ved ) ,可以替代定語從句His work as a consultant consisted in advising foreigncompanies on the siting of new factories.句子， especially+ 名詞或者從句. 這樣可以對句子進行更加精確的描述。Members of a comp

37、etitive team can always keep them motivated,especially when confronted with tough situation and fierce competition., if any.(表示如果有一的話)State your hypothesis or theory, if any.What, if anything , should the law do about it ？Rather, 單獨出現(xiàn)表示“更準確的說”Rather, parents should employ a variety of methods to dis

38、cipline their children.用插入語 . 補充信息，增強節(jié)奏感：兩種形式：逗號或者橫線隔開But in a market society , the economists observed, prices are set by demand and supply.They are no more “ special ” or “ fair ” than other prices that market conditions includingthose promotedby a hurricane may bring about. 補充信息。Higher prices hav

39、e the advantages , economists argued, of limiting the use of such things by consum ers. 轉述說的話時，“某某說”可以做插入語。Jeff , a pro-marketcommentatorwriting the book Boston Globe, argued against this law on similargrounds. 對身份的補充。Many people , including those who support this law, find the virtue argument disco

40、mfiting. 包含的對 象的具體說明。All they ever see is the play of shadows on the wall, a reflection of objects they can never apprehe nd. 同位語，用以解釋或者補充前面的名詞To do sth 作主語To punish a very young child is both wrong and foolish.By doing sth,表示做事的方式途徑By providing incentives for suppliers to produce more of the needed

41、 goods, it do more good than h arm.副詞開頭，句子。節(jié)奏感強Not surprisingly , the opponents of this law invoke these two similar arguments for free markets.Doing/To do A is not doing/to do B. 做 A 并不是做B. 表示從反面對A 的補充To acknowledge the moral forces of virtue argument is not to insis t it must always prevail over c

42、om peting considerations.特殊的定語從句，介詞+which 定語從句與介詞的妙用，這需要動詞與介詞本身就是固定搭配It is about cultivating the attitudes and the qualities of characters, on which a good society depends.Cannot without沒有。就不能。Aristotle maintains that we cannot figure out what a just consideration is without first reflecting of th e

43、 most desirable way of life.主語倒裝句At the heart of the disagreementare rival conceptions of moralcharacter.Underlyingthe phenomenon wasa profound reason.Sth is not (that)but (that)，成分要一致，是。而不是。The public s objection to the bonuses is not that they reward greed but that they reward failure.The answer i

44、s that moral reflection is not a solitary pursuit but a public endeavor.構詞形式：A-被動：被A。的A market-driven societyA knowledge-based economy副詞 + 形容詞Financially better-offDo 用于動詞前表示強調(diào)He did want them to take responsibility for their failure.反問，表示強烈語氣Couldn t it be argued that 難道不能認為。，How can it be。 怎么可能。Wh

45、at would sth be if如果sth 會怎樣?With+ved/ving/to do/sth,動詞分詞前置或者后置：ved,句子，vingAwarded the Noble Prize, Yoyouyou become known by public, making her the most influential figure of this year.Confronted with this situation, we .Socrates suggests that, having glimpsed the sun, only the philosopher is fit to

46、rule the cave dwellers, if he can somehow be coaxes into the darkness where they live.用虛擬語氣（動詞用過去式），表示未發(fā)生或者假想發(fā)生的事兒Let us not forget either that 咱彳門也不要忘t己。Let us forget either that traditional products, whether these be medicines or food, provide employm ent for local people.*PART3 詞組與句子搭配*Include bu

47、t not limited in sthWe welcome potential candidates including but not limited those who have affluent experience in ed ucation.Both.and.（兩者者B）Now women work both before and after having their children.Eitheror（肯定句中標兩者選其一，否定句中表兩者都不）Either you or I am wrong.Neithernor（兩者都不）Neither he nor she is at hom

48、e today.The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it will never forget what d here.Thereis nosuchthingas xx . 并沒有這種叫xx 的Thereis nosuchthingas a “ justprice ” .Tooto.太。以至于不能。His boss is too hard to get along with.It is worthwhile/worth one s while/worth while doing （ =worth doing ） / to do something（= hy to do sth）.Be worth+ 名詞形式（名詞，doing sth ）Be worthy to do sth/ of doing sthIf its price is higher, manufacturers will find it worth their while to produce more goods.It points out a moral argument worth seriously takin