全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)閱讀教程4(課文翻譯)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)專心-專注-專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)閱讀教程4Unit 1 In the Frozen Waters of Qomolangma,I learned the Value of Humility在結(jié)冰的珠穆朗瑪峰,我學(xué)會(huì)了謙虛的價(jià)值2007年7月15日,我游過(guò)一個(gè)開放的補(bǔ)丁的海洋在北極突出的北極冰雪融化的海冰。Three years later, I remember it as if it were yesterday. 三年后,我記得這件事仿佛就發(fā)生在昨天。I recall walking

2、 to the edge of the sea and thinking: Ive never seen anything so frightening in my life. 我記得走到的邊緣海和思考:我從未見過(guò)任何東西這么可怕的在我的生命中。There were giant chunks of ice in the water, which was 1.7C (29F) and utterly black.有巨大的冰塊在水中,這些是-1.7攝氏度(29 F)和完全的黑色。If things go pear-shaped now, I thought, how long would it t

3、ake for my frozen body to sink the 4.2km to the seabed? 如果事情去梨形的現(xiàn)在,我想,要多久我凍僵的尸體沉到海底的4.2公里?And then I realised that was perhaps the single worst thought one could have before attempting a symbolic 1km swim wearing nothing but a pair of Speedos. 然后我意識(shí)到,也許是最嚴(yán)重認(rèn)為可能會(huì)在嘗試一個(gè)象征性的1公里的游泳只穿著一雙緊身泳褲。I was shaken

4、to the core, terrified.我很震驚的核心,嚇壞了。After thousands of hours of planning and training, the only way I could complete the swim that lured me to the northernmost point of the world was committing 100%. 在成千上萬(wàn)個(gè)小時(shí)的計(jì)劃和培訓(xùn),只有這樣我才能完成游泳,誘使我最北端的世界是犯100%。Nothing is more powerful than a made-up mind. 沒有比這更強(qiáng)大的杜撰的心

5、靈。I disappeared inside my head and my blood simmered. 在我腦海里,我消失了,我的血冷靜。After listening to some rousing music (everything from Verdi to P Diddy) to get myself into the right state of mind, I threw myself into the water and swam with as much speed and aggression as my body could muster.聽了一些令人振奮的音樂(從威爾

6、第P吹牛老爹)讓我進(jìn)入右的精神狀態(tài),我全身心地投入到水中,游與盡可能多的速度和攻擊為我的身體能夠鼓起勇氣。When I emerged 1km later from the icy water, Ill never forget looking down at my fingers. 當(dāng)我出現(xiàn)1公里后從冰冷的海水,我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記低頭看著我的手指。They had swollen to the size of sausages. 他們已膨脹到香腸的大小。The majority of the human body is water and when water freezes, it expa

7、nds. 大多數(shù)人的身體是水和水結(jié)冰時(shí)擴(kuò)大。The cells in my fingers had frozen, swollen and burst. 這些細(xì)胞在我的手指已經(jīng)凍結(jié)了膨脹和破滅。I had never felt anything so excruciating. 我感到從未有過(guò)的任何痛苦。My nerve cells were so badly damaged it was four months before I could feel my hands again. 我的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞被嚴(yán)重的損害它是四個(gè)月之前,我能感覺到我的手再一次。I resolved never to do

8、another cold water swim.我決定不再做另一個(gè)冰冷的水里游泳。Then last year I learned about the melting of the glaciers in the Himalayas and Hindu Kush mountains. 然后,去年我了解了喜馬拉雅山脈的冰川融化和興都庫(kù)什山脈。As nearly 2 billion people approximately one in three people on the planet rely on drinking or irrigation water from these glacie

9、rs, I decided it was time to emerge from retirement for another symbolic swim this time in a glacial lake under the summit of Mount Everest. 將近20億人大約有三分之一的人在地球上依靠灌溉或是飲用的水從這些冰川,我覺得是時(shí)候擺脫退休為另一個(gè)象征性的游泳這次是在一個(gè)冰川湖在登上珠穆朗瑪峰的頂峰。Considering the potential for instability in regions facing rapidly increasing popu

10、lations twinned with decreasing natural resources, I returned to training.考慮到潛在的不穩(wěn)定的地區(qū)迅速增長(zhǎng)的人口面臨減少自然資源的姊妹,我回到了訓(xùn)練。What made this swim particularly difficult is that this year, of all years, local authorities mounted a large operation to remove the bodies of climbers who lost their lives on the mountai

11、n. 是什么讓這個(gè)游泳特別困難的是,今年,所有的幾年,地方當(dāng)局發(fā)起了一個(gè)大型手術(shù)去除登山者的尸體在山上失去了他們的生命。So there I was at 5.3km above sea level, attempting something no one has ever tried before while suffering a vicious case of altitude sickness and frozen bodies are coming past me as I slowly shuffle higher and higher. 我就那樣在海拔5.3公里,嘗試一些以前沒有

12、人嘗試過(guò)而痛苦的惡性案件高空病和冷凍尸體即將過(guò)去的我,我慢慢越來(lái)越高。To say the least, it is unsettling being reminded of your mortality.至少可以說(shuō),這是令人不安的被提醒你的死亡率。In late May, I reached Lake Pumori, adjacent to the Khumbu Glacier on Everest, and began to prepare mentally to launch myself into a swim. 5月下旬,我到達(dá)Pumori湖,毗鄰珠峰昆布冰川,開始做好心理準(zhǔn)備推出自

13、己變成一游。I cranked up P Diddy, glared across the water, fixed my mind on the opposite side of the lake and dived in. At 2C (36F), the water was slightly warmer than at the North Pole but, up in the heavens at the icy tip of the world, breathing is very difficult. 我調(diào)到P吹牛老爹,瞪著水面,固定我的頭腦對(duì)面的湖和跳入河中。在2 C(36華氏

14、度),水是氣溫略高于在北極,但都在結(jié)冰的頂端的世界,呼吸是非常困難的。Within seconds, I was in trouble gasping, choking, then vomiting. 在幾秒鐘內(nèi),我正處在困境之中呼吸,窒息,然后嘔吐。Then I momentarily went under. 然后我暫時(shí)倒閉了。The first time I managed to recover easily by pushing myself off the bottom of the shallow lake, but when it happened again I was exha

15、usted and overcome with panic. 我第一次設(shè)法恢復(fù)容易被逼著自己出底部的淺水湖,但當(dāng)它再次發(fā)生了我筋疲力盡,滿心恐慌。Some people say that drowning is the most peaceful death. 有些人說(shuō),溺水是最和平的死亡。Bollocks.胡言亂語(yǔ)。After it happened a third time, I flapped myself to the edge of the lake. 之后發(fā)生了第三次,我拍動(dòng)自己到湖邊。My team mercifully lifted me out, moving my chil

16、led body as quickly down the mountain as they could. 我的團(tuán)隊(duì)將我幸運(yùn),移動(dòng)我的身體冰冷的快速下山,因?yàn)樗麄兛梢?。That evening, we gathered for a debriefing on what had gone awry and how we could try and fix it. 那天晚上,我們聚集在聽取歪了什么,以及我們?nèi)绾慰梢試L試并修復(fù)它。My team gave it to me straight, with team leader Maj-Gen Tim Toyne Sewell deciding on a

17、 radical tactical shift.我的球隊(duì)給我的筆直,組長(zhǎng)蒂姆Toyne少將維爾決定一個(gè)激進(jìn)的戰(zhàn)術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)變。They talk about SAS standing for speed, aggression and surprise. 他們談?wù)揝AS站速度、侵略和驚喜。When I left the regiment, I took that philosophy with me, and it was crucial in my swims in Antarctica, down the Thames, across the Maldives, and across the No

18、rth Pole.當(dāng)我離開步兵團(tuán),我把那哲學(xué)與我,這是很關(guān)鍵的在我游在南極洲,沿著泰晤士河,在馬爾代夫,穿越北極點(diǎn)的。But my team told me to completely forget the past. 但我的團(tuán)隊(duì)叫我完全忘記過(guò)去。Every single thing I had learned in 23 years of swimming I had to forget, he told me, and everything I had learned about speed and aggression as a reservist in the Special Air

19、Service I should ignore. 我學(xué)過(guò)的每一件事物在23年的游泳我不得不忘記,他告訴我,和一切我已經(jīng)學(xué)了速度和攻擊為一個(gè)預(yù)備役軍人在特殊航空服務(wù)我應(yīng)該忽略。Instead of swimming fast, I had to swim as slowly as possible; instead of the crawl, I had to swim breaststroke; and instead of adopting an aggressive attitude, I needed humility. 而不是快速游動(dòng)時(shí),我不得不游泳盡可能慢;而不是爬,我不得不游蛙泳,

20、而不是采取一項(xiàng)大膽的態(tài)度,我需要謙卑。You cant bully Mount Everest, the Major-General said.“你不能欺負(fù)珠穆朗瑪峰“少將說(shuō)。Two days later, on 22 May, we climbed up the mountain as slowly as possible and gathered at the lake, where I lay down on a rock and looked up at the summit of Everest. 兩天后,5月22日,我們爬上了山頂盡可能慢和聚集在湖,在那里,我躺在一塊巖石,抬頭看了

21、看攀登珠峰頂峰。Humbled, I focused on the glaciers and tried to calm myself in the face of my fear. 謙卑,我關(guān)注冰川和試著讓自己的心平靜面對(duì)我的恐懼。If I went too slowly, Id die of cold; too quickly and Id hyperventilate and drown. 如果我走得很慢,我就死于寒冷;很快,我就變得狂躁不安,淹死。I then stood, stepped quietly into the water and swam a measured breas

22、tstroke across the expanse towards the spot on the other shore where my team awaited, 1km away. 我然后站住,悄悄地走進(jìn)了一個(gè)測(cè)量水面游蛙泳在地面上的斑點(diǎn)向彼岸,我的團(tuán)隊(duì)等待,1公里之外。Twenty-three minutes later, I arrived.23分鐘后,我到達(dá)。I learned two basic lessons on Everest. 我學(xué)了兩個(gè)基本教訓(xùn)珠穆朗瑪峰上First, just because something has worked in the past doe

23、s not mean it will worktoday. 首先,僅僅因?yàn)槟承┰谶^(guò)去并不意味著它將worktoday。Second, different challenges require different mindsets. 其次,不同的挑戰(zhàn)需要不同的心態(tài)。Now, before I do anything, I ask myself what type of mindset I require to successfully complete the task.現(xiàn)在,在我做任何事,我問(wèn)自己,是什么類型的心態(tài)我需要為成功完成任務(wù)。is the Everest of all proble

24、ms, the thorniest challenge facing humankind. 是珠穆朗瑪峰的所有問(wèn)題,人類面臨最棘手的挑戰(zhàn)。Just because we have lived in a certain way for so long, and we have consumed the way we have for so long, and populated the earth the way we have for so long, doesnt mean the decisions weve made in the past will work today. 就因?yàn)槲覀兩?/p>

25、活在一個(gè)特定的方式這么久,我們已經(jīng)耗費(fèi)了我們很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以來(lái),并填充地球我們很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以來(lái),并不意味著決定我們?cè)谶^(guò)去將今天的工作。All the warning signs are there. 所有的警告跡象。When I was born, the worlds population was 3.5 billion. 當(dāng)我出生時(shí),世界人口是35億。There are now 6.8 billion people on the planet. 現(xiàn)在地球上68億人。By 2050, thats expected to rise to 9.4 billion. 到2050年,預(yù)計(jì)將達(dá)到94億。What

26、s more, the Earths resources arent growing; theyre decreasing and rapidly.更重要的是,地球的資源也沒有增長(zhǎng);他們減少和迅速。Last week, I spoke in Oxford at Ted, the Ideas Worth Spreading conference, and challenged the audience to consider what radical tactical shift they will take. 上周,我在牛津Ted說(shuō),“值得傳播的思想”的會(huì)議,并向觀眾考慮那些激進(jìn)的戰(zhàn)術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)變,他

27、們將采取。This may look different for each of us as world leaders, corporate decision-makers, parents, students or otherwise as we consider the way we engage with our environment. 這可能看起來(lái)不同對(duì)我們每個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)在世界各國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人、企業(yè)決策者、家長(zhǎng)、學(xué)生或其它當(dāng)我們考慮我們的方式參與我們的環(huán)境。How do we ensure a healthy, sustainable and peaceful world a world i

28、n which our children have a future?我們?nèi)绾未_保有一個(gè)健康的、可持續(xù)的、和平的世界一個(gè)世界里,我們的孩子有前途嗎?Moving forward, we must discover our own radical tactical shifts, whether they be in our homes, in our workplaces, in our communities, our countries or our world. 向前看,我們必須發(fā)現(xiàn)我們自己的激進(jìn)戰(zhàn)略的轉(zhuǎn)變,無(wú)論是在我們的家中,在我們的工作場(chǎng)所,在我們的社區(qū)、我們的國(guó)家和我們的世界。Di

29、spense with the assumptions and arrogance of yesterday. 免去了昨天的假設(shè)和傲慢。Take that step, I said, and commit 100% to doing it. 邁出這一步,我說(shuō),并提交100%做它。I hope, in some small way, that my swim at the top of the world, which changed me, demonstrates that nothing is impossible. 我希望,在某些小的方式,我的游泳在世界之巔,從而改變了我,表明,沒有什么

30、是不可能的。With care and collaboration, it is possible to engage in a discourse of humility and to move beyond dialogue to action.與護(hù)理和協(xié)作,可以從事話語(yǔ)謙遜和超越的對(duì)話來(lái)行動(dòng)。Unit 2 Taking Lessons From What Went Wrong從錯(cuò)誤中汲取教訓(xùn)災(zāi)難比成功給人以更多教誨。盡管這一觀點(diǎn)聽上去可能似是而非，但卻得到工程師們的廣泛認(rèn)同。他們表示，就技術(shù)而言，成功的理由常常是主觀臆斷和無(wú)形的，因此慘痛的教訓(xùn)也就隨之產(chǎn)生，而導(dǎo)致特定失敗的根源卻能不斷地

31、被揭示、記錄在案并得到修正，從而做出改進(jìn)。簡(jiǎn)言之，災(zāi)難能夠激勵(lì)創(chuàng)新。毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，機(jī)器制造和工業(yè)領(lǐng)域“嘗試-犯錯(cuò)”的過(guò)程導(dǎo)致了大量血的教訓(xùn)并奪去了成千上萬(wàn)的生命。這并不是說(shuō)敗亦足取，或者說(shuō)有誰(shuí)希望或故意制造災(zāi)難。然而失敗其中不乏駭人聽聞?wù)呤遣豢杀苊獾?。有鑒于此，工程師們認(rèn)為，對(duì)失敗善加利用以防止重蹈覆轍才敗有所值。其結(jié)果就是，那些對(duì)現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的發(fā)展居功至偉的技術(shù)成就有時(shí)就是人們寧愿忘卻的事件換來(lái)的?！笆∈侵匾彩橇钊嗣尚叩闹R(shí)源泉，有時(shí)它是必要的，”美國(guó)杜克大學(xué)工程史學(xué)家、2006 年出版的從失敗中成功一書的作者亨利彼得羅斯基說(shuō)。“沒有人愿意失敗，但也要痛定思痛。”專家們表示，如今此

32、類分析可能會(huì)幫助石油公司改進(jìn)其在越來(lái)越深的海域開采石油所采用的復(fù)雜傳動(dòng)裝置和工作流程。4月 20 日，“深水地平線”石油鉆井平臺(tái)在墨西哥灣造成災(zāi)難性后果：11 人喪生，并開啟了美國(guó)歷史上最嚴(yán)重的近海原油泄漏。而這一切，將推動(dòng)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步。在位于奧斯汀的得克薩斯大學(xué)講授司法工程學(xué)課程的戴維W.福勒教授說(shuō)“：業(yè)界深知不能讓此類事件再次發(fā)生。要確保歷史不會(huì)重演?！比藗儚倪@次災(zāi)難中可能汲取的教訓(xùn)之一就是認(rèn)識(shí)到改進(jìn)井口防噴器的重要性，這一安裝在油井頂端的裝置在緊急情況下可切斷噴涌而出的石油。但這次事故中，失控油井上的防噴器嚴(yán)重失效。即使在這次災(zāi)難發(fā)生之前，許多從事海上鉆井平臺(tái)作業(yè)的公司已經(jīng)采用了更先進(jìn)的防

33、噴器以加強(qiáng)這最后一道防線。誠(chéng)然，徹底拋棄高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)或破壞性大的技術(shù)不失為對(duì)改進(jìn)特定技術(shù)的一種替代性選擇。放棄近海石油開采無(wú)疑是一些環(huán)保人士竭力爭(zhēng)取的一種結(jié)果不僅僅是因?yàn)轭愃颇鞲鐬呈录臐撛跒?zāi)難。他們寧愿看到那些向大氣中排放二氧化碳而可能加速全球氣候變化的技術(shù)都銷聲匿跡，而不是發(fā)展進(jìn)步。技術(shù)發(fā)展史表明，這樣的結(jié)局不大可能上演。某些設(shè)備可能會(huì)失寵，但卻很少在設(shè)計(jì)上被完全拋棄?！芭d登堡號(hào)”飛艇爆炸表明，用氫氣作為升空氣體存在危險(xiǎn)性，從而把研究重點(diǎn)放在不易燃的氦氣上，而不是讓硬件式飛艇壽終正寢。從定義上說(shuō)，工程學(xué)就是一個(gè)解決問(wèn)題的專業(yè)。技術(shù)分析師說(shuō)，姑且不論減少人類對(duì)石油的依賴有何好處，建造上的沖動(dòng)及其

34、給深海鉆探帶來(lái)的可能結(jié)果是，通過(guò)失敗分析所產(chǎn)生的創(chuàng)新將使油井更安全。他們認(rèn)為，和以往無(wú)數(shù)次災(zāi)難一樣，英國(guó)石油公司的這次災(zāi)難最終將激發(fā)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步?！疤┨鼓峥颂?hào)”的沉沒，1986 年切爾諾貝利核反應(yīng)堆的泄漏，世貿(mào)中心的倒塌這一切都迫使工程師們致力于解決被視為致命缺陷的東西。設(shè)計(jì)工程師表示，很多情況下，他們這種職業(yè)的性質(zhì)就是摸著石頭過(guò)河。杜克大學(xué)的彼得羅斯基博士在其從失敗中成功一書中指出了這種具有創(chuàng)新性的必然結(jié)果。他說(shuō)，失敗“在對(duì)事物的設(shè)計(jì)上往往比成功教給我們的更多。因此，失敗往往會(huì)導(dǎo)致重新設(shè)計(jì)設(shè)計(jì)出新的、加以改進(jìn)的事物”。他最喜歡舉的一個(gè)例子是 1940 年塔科馬海峽大橋的坍塌。這座當(dāng)時(shí)世界上第三

35、長(zhǎng)的懸索橋橫亙于華盛頓州塔科馬附近普吉特海灣的一條海峽上。在大橋啟用幾個(gè)月后，強(qiáng)風(fēng)來(lái)襲，這座橋變成了一堆廢鋼爛泥而轟然倒塌。在這次事故中無(wú)人喪生，唯一罹難的是一條名叫塔比的黑色可卡犬。彼得羅斯基博士說(shuō)，問(wèn)題的根本在于盲目的自信。之前的數(shù)十年，工程師們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)建造的懸索橋越來(lái)越長(zhǎng)，每個(gè)新設(shè)計(jì)都更加雄心勃勃?？缍茸铋L(zhǎng)的布魯克林大橋于 1883 年通車，長(zhǎng)度 1595 英尺。喬治華盛頓大橋（建于1931 年）長(zhǎng)度增加了一倍多，達(dá) 3500 英尺。金門大橋（建于 1937 年）延伸得更長(zhǎng)，中間部分的跨度達(dá)到 4000 英尺。彼得羅斯基博士在接受采訪時(shí)說(shuō)：“這就是成功導(dǎo)致失敗的例證。所有這一切都取得了成功。

36、我們還想讓它們更長(zhǎng)、更纖細(xì)?！彼岂R大橋不僅擁有 2800 英尺的超長(zhǎng)中心跨度，且其混凝土車道只有兩條，且橋面非常淺。當(dāng)日的強(qiáng)風(fēng)把不堅(jiān)固的橋面吹得上下劇烈起伏，最后解體。調(diào)查小組仔細(xì)研究了坍塌原因，而懸索橋設(shè)計(jì)師們則從中汲取了一些經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)。其中最主要的一條是確保道路的重量和圍長(zhǎng)足以避免強(qiáng)風(fēng)的危險(xiǎn)擾動(dòng)。“塔科馬海峽大橋的坍塌改變了懸索橋的建造方式，”彼得羅斯基博士說(shuō)。“在這次事故發(fā)生之前，橋梁設(shè)計(jì)師們并不把風(fēng)當(dāng)回事?！边@樣的悲劇得到了越來(lái)越多的研究。斯坦福大學(xué)職業(yè)發(fā)展中心設(shè)立了高級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)和故障分析課程研究文憑。德雷克塞爾大學(xué)則提供以工程學(xué)研究為重點(diǎn)的司法學(xué)碩士學(xué)位。不僅如此，專業(yè)工程學(xué)已衍生出一門

37、調(diào)查災(zāi)難的分支專業(yè)?？偛课挥诩永Ｄ醽喼蓍T洛帕克的 Exponent 咨詢公司是該行業(yè)內(nèi)最大名鼎鼎的公司之一，它在全球有 900 名專家，提供涉及 90 個(gè)工程和科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的培訓(xùn)活動(dòng)。Exponent 稱，它的分析師可以處理從汽車到過(guò)山車到石油鉆井平臺(tái)到髖關(guān)節(jié)置換等所有問(wèn)題。該公司稱：“我們分析故障和事故，以確定其原因，并了解如何預(yù)防?！惫こ趟痉ㄨb定師表示，“深水地平線”事故導(dǎo)致大量原油涌入墨西哥灣，現(xiàn)在了解事故的真相還為時(shí)過(guò)早。他們指出，許多聯(lián)邦機(jī)構(gòu)都參與進(jìn)行了一系列詳細(xì)調(diào)查，而且奧巴馬總統(tǒng)已經(jīng)任命了一個(gè)特別委員會(huì)就如何加強(qiáng)聯(lián)邦政府對(duì)石油鉆井平臺(tái)的監(jiān)管建言獻(xiàn)策。但工程師們似乎一致地認(rèn)為，調(diào)查結(jié)

38、果將最終改善深海石油鉆探技術(shù)至少是在下一次突發(fā)悲劇以及使該技術(shù)更安全的教訓(xùn)被汲取之前。其中一個(gè)教訓(xùn)是建造多個(gè)截止閥以阻止井噴多個(gè)剪切ram。在緊急情況下,大量的葉片這些設(shè)備切開鉆桿切斷石油泄漏的流動(dòng)。深水地平線只有一個(gè),而三分之一的鉆井平臺(tái)在墨西哥灣現(xiàn)在有兩個(gè)。也許,監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)將決定,鉆井平臺(tái)的運(yùn)營(yíng)者,不論什么代價(jià),應(yīng)該安裝更多剪切公羊在所有防止噴出?！斑@就像我們生活中,Fowler博士說(shuō):德克薩斯大學(xué)的。錯(cuò)誤強(qiáng)迫我們要做出艱難的決定?！盪nit3 老爸(Dad) The first memory I have of him of anything, really is his strength

39、. It was in the late afternoon in a house under construction near ours. The unfinished wood floor had large, terrifying holes whose yawning張大嘴 darkness I knew led to nowhere good. His powerful hands, then age 33, wrapped all the way around my tiny arms, then age 4, and easily swung搖擺 me up to his sh

40、oulders to command all I surveyed. 我對(duì)他實(shí)際上是對(duì)所有事的最初記憶，就是他的力量。那是一個(gè)下午的晚些時(shí)候，在一所靠近我家的正在修建的房子里，尚未完工的木地板上有一個(gè)個(gè)巨大可怕的洞，那些張著大口的黑洞在我看來(lái)是通向不祥之處的。時(shí)年33歲的爸爸用那強(qiáng)壯有力的雙手一把握住我的小胳膊，當(dāng)時(shí)我才4歲，然后輕而易舉地把我甩上他的肩頭，讓我把一切都盡收眼底。 The relationship between a son and his father changes over time. It may grow and flourish繁茂 in mutual maturi

41、ty成熟. It may sour in resented dependence or independence. With many children living in single-parent homes today, it may not even exist. 父子間的關(guān)系是隨著歲月的流逝而變化的，它會(huì)在彼此成熟的過(guò)程中成長(zhǎng)興盛，也會(huì)在令人不快的依賴或獨(dú)立的關(guān)系中產(chǎn)生不和。而今許多孩子生活在單親家庭中，這種關(guān)系可能根本不存在。 But to a little boy right after World War II ,a father seemed a god with stran

42、ge strengths and uncanny離奇的 powers enabling him to do and know things that no mortal could do or know. Amazing things, like putting a bicycle chain back on, just like that. Or building a hamster倉(cāng)鼠 cage.Or guiding a jigsaw拼板玩具 so it forms the letter F;I learned the alphabet字母表 that way in those pre-t

43、elevision days. 然而，對(duì)于一個(gè)生活在二戰(zhàn)剛剛結(jié)束時(shí)期的小男孩來(lái)說(shuō)，父親就像神，他擁有神奇的力量和神秘的能力，他無(wú)所不能，無(wú)所不知。那些奇妙的事兒有上自行車鏈條，或是建一個(gè)倉(cāng)鼠籠子，或是教我玩拼圖玩具，拼出個(gè)字母“F”來(lái)。在那個(gè)電視機(jī)還未誕生的年代，我便是通過(guò)這種方法學(xué)會(huì)了字母表的。 There were, of course, rules to learn. First came the handshake. None of those fishy冷冰冰的 little finger grips, but a good firm squeeze accompanied by a

44、n equally strong gaze into the others eyes. “ The first thing anyone knows about you is your handshake,” he would say. And wed practice it each night on his return from work, the serious toddler in the battered用舊了的 Cleveland Indians cap running up to the giant father to shake hands again and again u

45、ntil it was firm enough. 當(dāng)然，還得學(xué)些做人的道理。首先是握手。這可不是指那種冷冰冰的手指相握，而是一種非常堅(jiān)定有力的緊握，同時(shí)同樣堅(jiān)定有力地注視對(duì)方的眼睛。老爸常說(shuō)：“人們認(rèn)識(shí)你首先是通過(guò)同你握手?！泵客硭掳嗷丶視r(shí)，我們便練習(xí)握手。年幼的我，戴著頂破克利夫蘭印第安帽，一本正經(jīng)地跌跌撞撞地跑向巨人般的父親，開始我們的握手。一次又一次，直到握得堅(jiān)定，有力。 As time passed, there were other rules to learn. “Always do your best.”“Do it now.”“Never lie!” And most imp

46、ortantly,“You can do whatever you have to do.” By my teens, he wasnt telling me what to do anymore, which was scary令人害怕的 and heady使人興奮的 at the same time. He provided perspective, not telling me what was around the great corner of life but letting me know there was a lot more than just today and the

47、next, which I hadnt thought of. 隨著時(shí)間的流逝，還有許多其他的道理要學(xué)。比如：“始終盡力而為”，“從現(xiàn)在做起”，“永不撒謊”，以及最重要的一條：“凡是你必須做的事你都能做到”。當(dāng)我十幾歲時(shí)，老爸不再叫我做這做那，這既令人害怕又令人興奮。他教給我判斷事物的方法。他不是告訴我，在人生的重大轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)上將發(fā)生些什么，而是讓我明白，除了今天和明天，還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走，這一點(diǎn)我是從未考慮過(guò)的。 One day, I realize now, there was a change. I wasnt trying to please him so much as I was try

48、ing to impress him. I never asked him to come to my football games. He had a high-pressure career, and it meant driving through most of Friday night. But for all the big games, when I looked over at the sideline, there was that familiar fedora. And by God, did the opposing team captain ever get a fi

49、rm handshake and a gaze he would remember. 有一天，事情發(fā)生了變化，這是我現(xiàn)在才意識(shí)到的。我不再那么迫切地想要取悅于老爸，而是迫切地想要給他留下深刻的印象。我從未請(qǐng)他來(lái)看我的橄欖球賽。他工作壓力很大，這意味著每個(gè)禮拜五要拼命干大半夜。但每次大型比賽，當(dāng)我抬頭環(huán)視看臺(tái)時(shí)，那頂熟悉的軟呢帽總在那兒。并且感謝上帝，對(duì)方隊(duì)長(zhǎng)總能得到一次讓他銘記于心的握手堅(jiān)定而有力，伴以同樣堅(jiān)定的注視。 Then, a school fact contradicted something he said. Impossible that he could be wrong, b

50、ut there it was in the book. These accumulated over time, along with personal experiences, to buttress my own developing sense of values. And I could tell we had each taken our own, perfectly normal paths. 后來(lái)，在學(xué)校學(xué)到的一個(gè)事實(shí)否定了老爸說(shuō)過(guò)的某些東西。他不可能會(huì)錯(cuò)的，可書上卻是這樣寫的。諸如此類的事日積月累，加上我的個(gè)人閱歷，支持了我逐漸成形的價(jià)值觀。我可以這么說(shuō)：我倆開始各走各的陽(yáng)關(guān)

51、道了。 I began to see, too, his blind spots, his prejudices偏見 and his weaknesses. I never threw these up at him. He hadnt to me, and, anyway, he seemed to need protection. I stopped asking his advice; the experiences he drew from no longer seemed relevant to the decisions I had to make. 與此同時(shí)，我還開始發(fā)現(xiàn)他對(duì)某些

52、事的無(wú)知，他的偏見，他的弱點(diǎn)。我從未在他面前提起這些，他也從未在我面前說(shuō)起，而且，不管怎么說(shuō)，他看起來(lái)需要保護(hù)了。我不再向他征求意見；他的那些經(jīng)驗(yàn)也似乎同我要做出的決定不再相干。 He volunteered advice for a while. But then, in more recent years, politics and issues gave way to talk of empty errands and, always, to ailments. 老爸當(dāng)了一段時(shí)間的“自愿顧問(wèn)”，但后來(lái)，特別是近幾年里，他談話中的政治與國(guó)家大事讓位給了空洞的使命與疾病。 From his

53、bed, he showed me the many sores and scars on his misshapen body and all the bottles for medicine. “ Sometimes,” he confided傾訴, “ I would just like to lie down and go to sleep and not wake up.” 躺在床上，他給我看他那被歲月扭曲了的軀體上的疤痕，以及他所有的藥瓶?jī)?。他傾訴著：“有時(shí)我真想躺下睡一覺，永遠(yuǎn)不再醒來(lái)。” After much thought and practice (“ You can do

54、 whatever you have to do.” ), one night last winter, I sat down by his bed and remembered for an instant those terrifying dark holes in another house 35 years before. I told my fatherhow much I loved him. I described all the things people were doing for him. But, I said, he kept eating poorly, hidin

55、g in his room and violating the doctors orders. No amount of love could make someone else care about life, I said; it was a two-way street. He wasnt doing his best. The decision was his. 通過(guò)深思熟慮與親身體驗(yàn)（“凡是你必須做的事你都能做到”），去年冬天的一個(gè)夜晚，我坐在老爸床邊，忽然想起35年前那另一棟房子里可怕的黑洞。我告訴老爸我有多愛他。我向他講述了人們?yōu)樗龅囊磺小６矣终f(shuō)，他總是吃得太少，躲在房間里

56、，還不聽醫(yī)生的勸告。我說(shuō)，再多的愛也不能使一個(gè)人自己去熱愛生命：這是一條雙行道，而他并沒有盡力，一切都取決于他自己。 He said he knew how hard my words had been to say and how proud he was of me. “ I had the best teacher,” I said. “ You can do whatever you have to do.” He smiled a little. And we shook hands, firmly, for the last time. 他說(shuō)他明白要我說(shuō)出這些話多不容易，他是多么為

57、我自豪?！拔矣形蛔詈玫睦蠋?，”我說(shuō)，“凡是你必須做的事你都能做到”。他微微一笑，之后我們握手，那是一次堅(jiān)定的握手，也是最后的一次。 Several days later, at about 4 A.M., my mother heard Dad shuffling拖著 about their dark room. “ I have some things I have to do,” he said. He paid a bundle of bills. He composed for my mother a long list of legal and financial what-to-d

58、os “ in case of emergency.” And he wrote me a note. 幾天后，大約凌晨四點(diǎn)，母親聽到父親拖著腳步在他們漆黑的房間里走來(lái)走去。他說(shuō)：“有些事我必須得做。”他支付了一疊帳單，給母親留了張長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的條子，上面列有法律及經(jīng)濟(jì)上該做的事，“以防不測(cè)”。接著他留了封短信給我。Unit 4 How to buy a new carUnit 5 Clearing the Roads格蕾絲金正日拒絕自己的汽車。但至少每月一次,西雅圖建筑師驅(qū)動(dòng)器30英里到郊區(qū)去拜訪她的母親。如果她的心情,她會(huì)輕松去機(jī)場(chǎng)接朋友。偶爾,她想要一輛汽車把家里雜貨散裝或嘗試一個(gè)新的餐廳穿過(guò)城

59、市。當(dāng)客戶端需要訪問(wèn)一個(gè)建筑工地,金正日是在方向盤上。所有這一切的可能,因?yàn)榻鸷退恼煞?建筑師邁克爾馬里亞諾,是Flexcar的成員,一個(gè)超過(guò)12加速汽車共享公司在美國(guó)這樣,兩人只有投身互聯(lián)網(wǎng)或調(diào)用一個(gè)本地號(hào)碼保留了其中的幾個(gè)汽車停在他們的鄰居。他們可以選擇一輛本田之間,一輛雷克薩斯,一輛小型貨車為澆注設(shè)備,或者對(duì)于一個(gè)活潑的周末郊游,銀色的馬自達(dá)Miata。他們可以進(jìn)入汽車的任何時(shí)候無(wú)論白天或黑夜與security-coded電子卡片,按小時(shí)收取多虧一個(gè)座發(fā)射機(jī),和接收該法案在這個(gè)月的月底?！拔覀冃老踩艨?”金說(shuō)。你不需要擁有一個(gè)打水或發(fā)電機(jī)獲得電力。必須擁有自己的車(或兩個(gè)或三個(gè))開車嗎

60、?“你可以加入一個(gè)流動(dòng)性計(jì)劃,就像你加入一個(gè)手機(jī)套餐,”Dan說(shuō)斯特奇斯,一個(gè)交通WestStart研究員的一個(gè)非營(yíng)利組織,總部位于加州帕薩迪納市?！斑@是自助服務(wù),隨需應(yīng)變,付費(fèi)離開。和你得到不同的車輛?！备鶕?jù)不同的需要這是一種新的思維方式為美國(guó)的交通擁堵的城市無(wú)爭(zhēng)議的,每小時(shí)租金,這一概念已經(jīng)在歐洲已經(jīng)流行了20年。每一輛車在汽車艦隊(duì),交通規(guī)劃者認(rèn)為10汽車上路的拍攝。此外,當(dāng)司機(jī)按小時(shí)支付,他們傾向于少開車。他們走更多,以偶爾乘坐公汽或他們聚集在一叢跑腿的旅行。雖然汽車分享現(xiàn)在可以在九大城市和小城鎮(zhèn)的分?jǐn)?shù),在很多地方的運(yùn)作仍幼苗,僅有幾輛車。正在擴(kuò)張,然而,汽車共享公司的方案,來(lái)服務(wù)二十幾