2019屆高三英語二輪復(fù)習書面表達專項練習(13)概要寫作一5490

1、2019屆高三英語二輪復(fù)習書面表達專項練習(13)綱要寫作一_54902019屆高三英語二輪復(fù)習書面表達專項練習(13)綱要寫作一_549012/122019屆高三英語二輪復(fù)習書面表達專項練習(13)綱要寫作一_5490綱要寫作一1、閱讀下邊短文,依據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容綱要。Weallhavedailyproblemswithtechnology,buthowmanyofuscanfixMyaLeThai,ascientistfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Irvinerecentlydiscoveredaprocessthatmightresultinb

2、atteriesthatcouldlastforever.Thaisaidshewasfrustratedthatthebatteriesforherwirelessdevicesdegraded.Overtime,theyfailedtochargefully.Thaididnotliketokeepherwirelesslaptopconnectedtoanelectricaloutlet.Shedecidedtodosomethingthatproblem.Atfirst,sheandherteamatUCIrvinethoughtaboutinventingthem?aboutanew

3、battery.Butastheyexperimented,Thaidiscoveredsomethingthatmightpermitlithium-ion(鋰離子)batteriestolastforever.Lithium-ionbatteriespowermostwirelessdevices.Overtime,thebatterieslosetheabilitytoholdacharge.Oneofthereasonswhylithium-ionbatteriesdegradeistheiruseofnanowires(納米線)tocarryelectricity.Nanowires

4、areextremelythin.Theyareextremelyefficientcarriersofelectricity,whichmakesthemusefulinbatteries.Buttheirthinnessalsomakesthemweak.Nanowiresbreakovertime,shesaid.“Thatswhytheylosecapacity.But,Thaihadatheory:Thenanowiresmightlastlongerifcoveredwithagel.Sheandtheteamtestedhertheory.“Itwasalongprocessan

5、dalotofwork,Thaisaid.Theteamtriedmanycoveringsforthewires.Thenanowireswerecoatedwithagel,PMMA,andcycledthroughcharging200,000times.Thegelshowednoevidenceofdamage.Theresultssuggestedthatbatteriescouldlastforeverwithoutlosingchargingability.Thaisaid200,000cyclesamounttoaboutthreemonthsonjustonedevice.

6、Thaihopestocontinueherresearchtoseeifanyothergelcouldworkbetter.ThaitellsVOAsheisenjoyingthepublicityaboutherdiscovery.Shesaidsheneverexpectedherresearchtogetmediacoverage.“Itskindofcool,”shesaid.“Imreallygladpeopleareshowinginterestinmyworknotjustintheworkitself,butalsointechnologyandenergy.”2、閱讀下邊

7、短文,依據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容綱要。Youmightthinkthatwhetheryouchooseablueshirtorayellowonetoweartoworkorcollegemakesnodifferencetoyourdayandthosearoundyou.However,anincreasingnumberofexpertsarguethatthecolorswechooseaffectourmood,ourcareerprospectsandevenourhealth.Thepowerofcolorhasbeenusedforcenturiesandweshoul

8、dbemakingthemostofitinourlives.Coloraffectsustoagreaterdegreethanmostofusrealize.Itisusedincreasinglybypsychologistsandtherapistsforinfluencingmoodandstateofmind,andforvarioustypesoftreatmentswhenweareill.Somepeopleevenbelievethattheblindcanbenefitfromthe“vibrations(震動)”thatcolorgivesoff.Companiesus

9、ecolortogreateffecttoencourageustobuytheirproducts.Forexample,purpleisseenascreativeandmixeswellwithred,toshowthatacompanyhasideasandthepowertomakethemhappen.Orangeandbluearealsorecommendedcolorsforcompaniestouse,becauseorangeisthecolorofcommunicationandbluesuggestssafetyandsecurity.Sothiscouldbeapa

10、rticularlygoodcombination.Companieshavefoundcertaincolors“speak”tospecificagegroups.Theyoftenuseredtoattractyoungerpeopletotheirproducts,forexample,asitisvibrantandmoreyouthfulthancolorslikegoldandnavy,whicholdercustomersseemtoprefer.Wearingdifferentcolorscanaffecthowyoufeelandhowothersreacttoyou,so

11、itisimportanttoconsiderthiswhendecidingwhattowearinthemorning.Ifyouwantpeopletotakeyouseriously,thenwearingnavyblueorblackisgood.Bluewouldalsobehelpfulforaninterviewororalexaminationbecauseitrelaxesyouandmakesyoufeelcalm.Redgetsyounoticedbyeveryoneandmakesyou,thewearer,feelenergetic,butbecareful,asi

12、tcanraiseyourpulserateandnoteveryonewantsthiseffect.Sothinkcarefullybeforeyouleavethehouse.Thecolorsyouchooseareawonderfultool.Areyoumakingtherightimpressiononyourselfandonothers?3、閱讀下邊短文,依據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容綱要。Anew,first-of-its-kindstudyexaminestheconnectionbetweenteacherburnoutandstudentsstresslevels.

13、ResearchersfromtheUniversityofBritishColumbiacollectedsaliva(唾液)samplesfromover400elementaryschoolchildren,gradesfourtoseven,at17publicschools.Cortisol(皮質(zhì)醇)levelswerethenassessedfromthesamplesasthehormoneiscommonlyusedasabiologicalindicatorofstress.Correspondingly,teacherburnoutwasdeterminedthroughs

14、urveyresults.Investigatorsfoundthatinclassroomswhereteachersexperiencedmoreburnout,orfeelingsofemotionalexhaustion,studentscortisollevelswereelevated(提高).Highercortisollevelsinelementaryschoolchildrenhavebeenlinkedtolearningdifficultiesaswellasmentalhealthproblems.ThestudyappearsinthejournalSocialSc

15、ience&Medicine.Thissuggeststhatstresscontagionmightbetakingplaceintheclassroomamongstudentsandtheirteachers,saidEvaOberle,PhD,thestudysleadauthor.Indeed,therelationshipbetweenstudentstressandteacherburnoutisachickenandeggquestion.Itisunknownwhatcamefirst,elevatedcortisolorteacherburnout.Weconsiderth

16、econnectionbetweenstudentandteacherstressacyclicalproblemintheclassroom.”O(jiān)berlesaidastressfulclassroomclimatecouldbearesultofinadequatesupportforteachers,whichmayimpactteachersabilitytoeffectivelymanagetheirstudents.Apoorlymanagedclassroomcancontributetostudentsneedsnotbeingmetandincreasingstress.Th

17、iscouldbereflectedinelevatedcortisollevelsinstudents.Alternatively,stresscouldoriginatefromstudents,whomaybemorechallengingtoteachbecauseofincreasesinanxiety,behavioralproblems,orspecialneeds.Inthiscase,teacherscouldfeeloverwhelmedandreporthigherlevelsofburnout.Ourstudyisareminderofthesystemicissues

18、facingteachersandeducatorsasclassroomsizesincreaseandsupportsforteachersarecut,saidOberle.“Itisclearfromanumberofrecentresearchstudiesthatteachingisoneofthemoststressfulprofessions,andthatteachersneedadequateresourcesandsupportintheirjobsinordertobattleburnoutandrelievestressintheclassroom,”saidtheU

19、niversityofBritishColumbiaeducationprofessorKimberlySchonertReichl,PhD,thestudysco-author.“Ifwedonotsupportteachers,weriskthedamageofstudents.”4、閱讀下邊短文,依據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容綱要。Whilecontactbetweenadolescents(betweentheagesoffifteenandnineteen)andtheirpeers(同齡人)isauniversalcharacteristicofallcultures,thena

20、tureandthedegreeofsuchcontactvaryagreatdeal.InAmericancontemporarysociety,adolescentsspendmuchmoretimewiththeirpeersthanwithyoungerchildrenoradults.Thispatternofagesegregation(隔絕)inAmericansocietydidnotbecomeusualuntilthebeginningoftheindustrializedsociety.Changesintheworkplaceseparatedchildrenfroma

21、dults,withadultsworkingandchildrenattendingschool.Thedramaticincreaseofmothersintheworkplacehasfurthercontributedtothereductionintheamountoftimeadolescentsspendwithadults.Schoolreformeffortsduringthenineteenthcentury,whichresultedinage-segregatedschoolsandgrades,havereducedtheamountoftimeadolescents

22、spendwithyoungerchildren.Finally,thechangesinpopulationareconsideredafactorthatmayhavecontributedtotheemergenceofadolescentpeerculture.From1955to1975,theadolescentpopulationincreaseddramatically,from11percentto20.9percent.Thisincreaseinthenumberofadolescentsmightbeacontributingfactortotheincreaseina

23、dolescentpeercultureintermsofgrowthinsizeaswellasintermsofitsimpactonsocietysothercultures(adults,youngerchildren).Researchsupportstheviewthatadolescentsspendagreatdealoftimewiththeirpeers.ReedLarsonandhiscolleaguesexaminedadolescentsdailyactivitiesandfoundthattheyspendmoretimetalkingtotheirfriendst

24、hanengaginginanyotheractivity.Inatypicalweek,highschoolstudentswillspendtwiceasmuchtimewiththeirpeersaswithadults.Thisgradualwithdrawalfromadultsbeginsinearlyadolescence.Insixthgrade,adults(excludingparents)accountforonly25percentofadolescentsocialnetworks.Anotherimportantcharacteristicofadolescentp

25、eercultureisitsincreasinglyautonomous(自治的)function.Whilechildhoodpeergroupsareconductedundertheclosesupervisionofparents,adolescentpeergroupstypicallymakeanefforttoescapeadultsupervisionandusuallysucceedindoingso.5、閱讀下邊短文,依據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容綱要。Thereissomeunwelcomenewsforstudentspreparingforexamsandoffi

26、cersputtinginlonghoursyoudontneedthebreakasmuchasyoumaythinkthatmakesyoufeellesstired.Scientistshavelongassumedthatwillpowerisalimitedresource,whichiswhyyoufeeltheneedtohavearest,haveasnackandcomebacktoataskwhenyourefeelingbetter.Theyarguedthattheonlywaytorestorewillpowerisbyrest,foodorentertainment

27、.Butpsychologistshavechallengedthistheory,sayingweakwillpowerisallinyourhead.Theyfoundthatpeoplesbeliefsinwillpowerdeterminehowlongandhowwelltheyllbeabletoworkonatoughmentalexercise.“Ifyouthinkofwillpowerassomethingthatslimited,youremorelikelytobetiredwhenyouperformadifficulttask,saidProf.VeronikaJo

28、b.“Butifyouthinkofwillpowerassomethingthatisnoteasilyusedup,youcangoonandon.”Theresearchersdesignedfourexperimentstoteststudentsbeliefsinwillpower.Afteratiringtask,those,whobelievedorwereledtobelievethatwillpowerisalimitedresource,performedworseonstandardconcentrationteststhanthosewhothoughtofwillpo

29、werassomethingtheyhadmorecontrolover.Theyalsofoundthatleadinguptofinalexamweek,studentswhobelievedthelimitedresourcetheoryatejunkfood24percentmoreoftenthanthosewhobelievedtheyhadmorecontrolinresistingtemptation(迷惑).AccordingtoMr.Job,thetheorythatwillpowerisalimitedresourceisinteresting,butithashadun

30、intendedconsequences.Studentswhomayalreadyhavetroublestudyingarebeingtoldthattheirpowerofconcentrationislimited,andtheyneedtotakefrequentbreaks.Butabeliefinwillpowerasanon-limitedresourcemakespeoplestrongerintheirabilitytoworkthroughchallenges.Thefindingscouldhelppeoplewhoarebattlingtemptation.Willp

31、owerisntdrivenbyabiologicallybasedprocessasmuchasweusedtothink.Thebeliefinitiswhatinfluencesyourbehavior.6、閱讀下邊短文,依據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容綱要。Uploadingcountlessselfies(自攝影),writingpersonalstatusupdates,andcheckingyourmessageseveryotherminuteseemlikejustapartofmodemdailylife,right?Thesearethemarkersoftherelat

32、ionshipweallhavewithsocialmedianow,whichstartedoutjustasawaytocommunicatewithoneanother.AccordingtoarecentstudybyexpertsattheUniversityofGeorgia,theremaybemoretoitthanthat.Thefindingssuggestedsomeunmistakablecorrelationsbetweensocialmediauseandwhatsknownas“grandiosenarcissism(夸誕的自戀)”.So,whendoessoci

33、almediausebecomeaproblem?TheUniversityofGeorgiacarriedouttheresearchaccordingtothefollowingquestions:Howlongdopeoplespendonsocialmedia?Howoftendotheytweetorupdatestatus?Howmanyfriendsorfollowersdotheyhave?Howmanyselfiesdotheytendtopost?Ifyoudoalltheabovethings,itlikelysendssignalsaboutyourpersonalit

34、y.Alloftheseonlineactionshaveonethingincommon:Theyareallwaysinwhichwetrytopromoteourselvesonline.Therefore,it9showyouusetheplatformthatcounts.Then,exactlyhowmuchtimespentonlineistoomuch?Theresearchersdidntmeasure.However,anotherstudyfromBaylorUniversitylistedSALIENCE(socialplatformsbecomingnecessary

35、inyourdailylife)andEUPHORIA(thefeelingofexcitementwhenyouusethem)amongotherthingsassignsofaddiction.Thatistosay,ifyouareconstantlyengagedwithsocialmediaonadailybasis,itcouldbeasignthatyouhaveanegativerelationshipwithit.Therefore,itshowyouusetheplatformmeansnoharm.Instead,morebenefitscanbegotifthatma

36、tters.youuseitSocialcarefullymediaitselfandwisely.7、閱讀下邊短文,依據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容綱要。AmericanEnglishbeganinthe17thcentury.Atthebeginningofthe17thcentury,theEnglishlanguagewasbroughttoNorthAmericabycolonistsfromEngland.TheyusedthelanguagespokeninEngland,thatis,ElizabethanEnglish,thelanguageusedbyShakespeare

37、.InordertoexploitnewresourcesinAmerica,Britishcolonistssettleddownthereandfrom1607to1732setupthirteencolonies,includingVirginia,NorthCarolina,Georgia,Pennsylvania,NewYork,NewJerseyandConnecticut.Inthesethirteenareas,Englishwasacommonlanguageusedbyallpeople.ThefirstcolonistsestablishedtheEnglishformi

38、nAmerica.Astimewentby,theEnglishlanguagegraduallychangedonbothsidesoftheAtlantic.Foreignerslongingforwealthsetfootonthecoastalareatotrade.Americansadoptedmanywordsfromforeignlanguagesandinventednumerousnewwordstomeettheircommercialneeds.FollowingAmericanIndependence,famouspeoplelikeThomasJefferson,t

39、hePresident,begantoconsiderthatthecountryshouldhavealanguageofitsown.NoahWebstercompiled(編撰)threeelementarybooksonEnglish.Later,heexpressedtheideathatasanindependentnation,Americashouldhaveasystemofitsowninlanguageaswellasingovernment.Afterthesecondhalfofthe19thcentury,manygreatwriterssuchasMarkTwai

40、nhelpedthedevelopmentofAmericanEnglish.EnglishinAmericahasdevelopedacharacterofitsown,reflectingthelifeandthephysicalandsocialenvironmentoftheAmericanpeople.SincetheriseoftheUnitedStatestoapositionofworldimportance,AmericanEnglishhasbeendevelopingandchanging.ThereisnodoubtthatAmericanEnglishwillenri

41、chtheEnglishlanguagegreatly.Withtherapiddevelopmentofmodemmassmediaandthecommonneedsofeconomic,culturalandpoliticalexchanges,AmericanEnglishwillbemorewidelyusedintheworldthanBritishEnglish.8、閱讀下邊短文,依據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容綱要。Lifedoesntalwaysturnoutthewaywedlike.Whensituationstakeanunfriendlyturn,webecomeups

42、et,frustrated,andangry.Whenothersdontagreewithus,livetheirlivesthewaywethinktheyshouldnot,oractinamannerwefinddisturbing,angerisatypicalreaction.Itseemsthatwefeelangergivesusthemomentaryfeelingofpowerinasituationwherewefeelwehavelostauthority.However,infact,withtheexceptionofafewcases,anangryreactio

43、nrarelyimprovesthesituation.Itonlymakesthesituationworse.Thoughtfulconsiderationofwhatfeelingsandrepliesaremostadvantageousactuallyrestoresrealpower.Soconsiderthefollowingalternativestoanger.Oneiscompassion,whichconsistsofbothunderstandingandempathy.Ifweviewanindividualwhosebehaviorwefindunacceptabl

44、e,weshouldthinkeachpersonhasarighttolivelifeaccordingtotheirbeliefs,dreams,needsandsoon.Evenifsomeoneisactingimproperly,youshouldunderstandthemratherthangetbentoutofshape.Iftheyarestruggling,lost,orinpain,youshouldchoosetofeelempathyfortheirsuffering,hopingthattheywillsoonpassthroughtheircurrentchal

45、lengetoamorejoyfulplace.Ifyoudoso,yourangerwilldisappear.Humorisanotherpowerfultoolforstoppingangerbecauseitcanhelpyoustaycalmwhenthingsgetbad.Sometimeswetakelifefartooseriously.Thatisbadforusandangeriseasytohappen.Weneedtousehumortoturnanyserioussituationintoalightone.Humoractsasaprotectivebarriert

46、oemotionalpain.Therefore,whenothersbehavebadly,finditinyourhearttoforgivethemfortheirunwisebehaviorratherthancomplain.Whenlifehandsyoutheexactoppositeofwhatyourequested,takenonoticeofitinsteadofgettingangry.Afterall,thebadsituationisonlytemporary.Sochoosethesealternativereactionstosoftenourheartandp

47、reventangerfromhappeningsothatwecanenjoyourlifetothefullest.答案1答案：Doyoulookforwardtoonedaywhenbatteriesaredurable?MyaLeThaiandherteamhaverealizedourdreamandwouldliketosharetheirinventionwiththepublic.(重點1)Watchingcarefully,theydiscoveredwhatmightfailbatteriesandadvancedtherelativeenergy-savingtechno

48、logy.(重點2)Knowledgeisatreasure,butpracticeisthekeytoit.(重點3)Naturally,ittookthemalongtimetomaketheinventionoverandoveragain.(重點4)(71words)2答案：Colors,whosepowercanbegreaterthanexpected,arebelievedtoaffectourmood,careerandhealth.(重點1)Theyreincreasinglyusedtoinfluenceourstateofmindandtreatillness.(重點2)

49、Socompaniesemploycolorstopromotesales,consideringtheimagetheyconveyandagegroupstheyattract.(ofclothescanaffectpeoplesfeelings,decidingwhattowearmattersinmaking重點3)Ascolorstherightimpression.(重點4)(64words)3答案：Anewresearchshowsthatstudentstrainoftencoexistswithteacherexhaustion.(重點1)Students,whofindth

50、eirrequirementsunsatisfiedasaresultofteachers9low-levelmanagementoverclass,mayfeeloverwhelminglystressed.(要點2)Conversely,teachers,whoencountergreatteachingchallengefromstudents,tendtobeburnedout.(重點3)Therefore,moresufficientresourcesandsupportforteachersshouldbeguaranteed,orstudentsarelikelytoberuin

51、ed.(重點4)(63words)4答案：Therearesomecausesofthebirthofadolescentpeerculture,whereadolescentsspendmoretimewiththeirpeers.(重點1)Firstly,changesintheworkplacereducetheamountoftimeadolescentsspendwiththeirparents.(重點2)Andschoolreformsresultintheirlesslimespentwithyoungerchildren.(重點3)Additionally,theincreas

52、einadolescentpopulationisanothercontributingfactor.(重點4)Autonomyisanothercharacteristicofadolescentpeerculture,whichmeanstheyusuallymanagetoescapeadultsupervision.(重點5)(67words)5答案：Basedonarecentreport,havingaresttorefreshyourselfisnotsoessentialasexpected.(重點1)Willpower,assumedlimitedbysomescientists,istoberegainedonlybyrest,food,aswellasentertainme