高中英語必修二 unit 3 the internet period 3 discovering useful structure

1、Unit 3 The Internet Period 3新人教版版 高一年級上Discovering Useful Structure Revision根據(jù)句意及提示填空。1.Come and see me whenever_(對你來說方便的).2.I called the office to update them_the days developments.3.In April, thousands of holiday-maker remain_(stick) abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.4.Never keep company_dishon

2、est persons.5.China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals_(為了的利益) all it citizens. it is convenient for you on stuckwithfor the benefit ofRevision根據(jù)句意及提示填空。6.The neighbour tend to keep their distance _him.7.He_(inspire) many young people to carry on volunteer work.8.A manager should _(易于接近

3、) his staff.9.Anyone who goes _nature will be punished.10.He predicted that we would _(遭遇艱難的挑戰(zhàn)) on the way to success.frominspiredbe accessible to throughmeet with tough challengesbatterybtri n.Key wordsWi-Fiwa fa n.buttonbtn n.press a buttonKey wordspresspres v.filefal n.&v.Key wordsfunctionfkn n.f

4、unction as sb./sth.confirmknfm vt.confirm thatconfirm sb. in sth.confirm sb. as sth.GamefunctionWi-FiconfirmbatteryfilebuttonpressRussell Simmons:He is an American businessman, music producer and producer,He once said: You just have to pay attention to what people need and what has not been done.Lea

5、d inRead the quotations below and find out the similarities.Lead inRead the quotations below and find out the similarities.Stanley Kubrick：An American film director, screenwriter and producer. He once said:Everything has already been done. Every story has been told.Every scene has been shot. Its our

6、 job to do it one better.Marie Curie：A Famous French scientist, physicist and chemist. She once said:One never notices what has been done, one can only see what remains to be done.Read the quotations below and find out the similarities.Lead in現(xiàn)在完成時定義結(jié)構(gòu)過去的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,對現(xiàn)在造成的影響,可能持續(xù)發(fā)生下去。主語+助動詞(have/has)

7、 +動詞的過去分詞(done)Do you know the meaning and structure of the present perfect tense?Revision名稱主動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時基本結(jié)構(gòu)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)動作的承受者動作的執(zhí)行者amisaredo/does(V.V.s)amisare+done(V. p.p)Do you know the meaning and structure of the passive voice?RevisionTalk about something that has been done1 Read the pairs of sentence

8、s. Underline and compare the different verb forms.Jans life has been greatly improved by the Internet.The Internet has greatly improvedJans life.Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.People have written much about thewonders of the World Wide Web.GrammarVerb formHow do we for

9、m the present perfect passive voice? Fill in the blank.Activehave/has + v-edPassivehave/ has + been + v-edGrammarWe are interested in a new kind of PC, not in who has built it.ExamplePresent PerfectObjectThey have built a new kind of PC with more functions. A new kind of PC has been built with more

10、functions.SubjectObjectGrammar一、 現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的概念分析1. 現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)強調(diào)一個發(fā)生在過去的被動性動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響。2. 現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)有兩層含義:動作_, 強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。主語與謂語動詞之間為_關(guān)系。如:A number of Dongfeng trucks are being shipped abroad.一批東風(fēng)卡車正被運往國外。已經(jīng)完成被動Grammar現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)肯定式否定式一般疑問句特殊疑問句主語 + have/ has + been + done主語 + have/ has + not+

11、been +done Have/Has +主語+ been + done?疑問句+Have/Has +主語+ been +done?Your computer has been repaired.The desks have not been cleaned. What has been done to solve the housing problem?Has the door been painted?二、現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)Grammar1.表示被動的動作在說話之前已經(jīng)完成，強調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，通常與just, already, yet, before, n

12、ever, recently等副詞連用。eg:The work has already been finished. 工作已經(jīng)被完成了。eg:I got caught in the rain and my suit has been ruined. 我被雨淋濕了，我的衣服被毀了。三、 現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的用法2.表示被動的動作成狀態(tài)從過去某個時刻持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，常與for成since 引出的時間狀語連用，或用于how long引出的句子中。eg:The machine has been repaired for two hours. 這臺機器已經(jīng)被修理了兩個小時了。eg:Financial pr

13、oblems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours. 公司的財務(wù)問題已經(jīng)被討論了將近兩個小時。Grammar3.用在時間或條件狀語從句中，表示將來已完成的被動動作，即用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)代替將來完成時的被動語態(tài)。She will leave for the cinema as soon as the application form has been completed.申請表一填好，她就去電影院。常用的時間狀語:already(已經(jīng)), yet(已經(jīng)),recently/ lately (最近), in the pa

14、st (last) few years, in recent years, by now, up till now, up to now, up to the present, since, so far, yet, for +一段時間(例如: for three weeks/months), in/during/over the past/ last years，since+時間點。eg:Great changes have taken place in the past few years.eg:He has been ill for a few weeks.Grammar4.現(xiàn)在完成時被

15、動語態(tài)的否定式和疑問式現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的各種句型變換都借助于has/ have來完成。構(gòu)成否定句時直接在has/have后面加not,構(gòu)成一般疑問句時將has/ have放在句首。構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的反義疑問句時，附加問句借助hasnt/havent完成。如:His homework hasnt been finished.他的家庭作業(yè)還沒有寫完。Has this bridge been completed?這座橋竣工了嗎?This bridge has been completed, hasnt it?這座橋已經(jīng)竣工了，不是嗎？Grammar觀察(1)The house has bee

16、n cleaned up by my elder brother.(2)The machine has been repaired for two hours.(3)I will go to play football as soon as the homework has been finished.(4)You will take over his job if he has been sent abroad.歸納1.例句(1)表示被動的動作在說話之前已經(jīng)完成，強調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響。2.例句(2)表示一個被動的動作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去，常與帶for或si

17、nce的時間狀語連用，或用于How long.?句型中。3.例句(3)(4)表示在時間或條件等狀語從句中，表示將來某時已完成的動作，即用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)代替將來完成時的被動語態(tài)。 四、現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的用法辨析Language pointGrammar觀察(1)We have built many houses in the past ten years. (2)We have given him the book. (3) I have made her work hard. (4)He has thought of a way of doing it. Many houses ha

18、ve been built by us in the past ten years.He has been given the book by us.The book has been given to him by us.She has been made to work hard by me.A way of doing it has been thought of by him.歸納1.由(1)可知,只帶有一個賓語的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將原來的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z。2.由(2)可知,可跟雙賓語的動詞,如give, send, bring, take,teach, show, sing,

19、write, read, sell, buy, tell, pay, lend, pass,promise等,變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,可將其中一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,另一個保留。把直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z時, 間接賓語前通常需加介詞。3.由(3)可知,帶有復(fù)合賓語的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,要將原來的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹?、語, 原來的賓語補足語改為主語補足語。原來省略to的不定式作賓語補足語的, 在被動語態(tài)中要還原to。4.由(4)可知, 動詞短語是一個不可分割的整體, 在被動語態(tài)中要保持其完整性, 不可省略動詞短語中的介詞或副詞。Language point四、 現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的用法辨析Grammar五、注

20、意事項1.現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時、現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別名稱結(jié)構(gòu)動作發(fā)生的時間對現(xiàn)在有無影響1.一般過去時的被動語態(tài)2.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)3.現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài) have/has been + 過去分詞過去過去無有was/were +過去分詞be + being+過去分詞 現(xiàn)在有Grammar五、注意事項2.現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時、現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)的例句Another bridge was built over the Yangtze River. Another bridge has being built over the Yangtze River.Another bridg

21、e is being built over the Yangtze River.(表示此時此刻動作正在被進行)(說明動作發(fā)生在過去)(說明動作發(fā)生在過去,對現(xiàn)在有影響 ,“現(xiàn)在修好了”)Grammar3. borrow, begin, start, buy, marry,open, join等非延續(xù)性動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。若要表達相應(yīng)的意思，需要改變動詞或時態(tài)。這支鋼筆借了一周了。The pen has been borrowed for a week. (x)The pen has been kept for a week. () 這個工程已經(jīng)開始多久了?H

22、ow long has this project been started? (x)How long ago was this project started? ()非延續(xù)性動詞的否定式可表示動作的持續(xù)過程，具有持續(xù)性，因而可與since或for引出的時間狀語連用。Grammar4. 帶有雙賓語的動詞，如give, bring, take, teach, show, till,make, sing, write, sell, buy, lend, often, hand,pass,get等，在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，一般是把指人的間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z。如果將直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，間接賓語前要加to或f

23、or。eg:We have been told the time of the lecture.5. 帶有復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓語補足語)的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，只能將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，原來的賓語補足語保持不動。主動語態(tài)中不帶to的不定式作賓補，在被動語態(tài)中要加上to。eg:The workers have been made to work a whole day without stop.EXAMPLETheyve built a kind of new PC with more functions. A kind of new PC has been built with more functio

24、ns.2 Change the sentences into the present perfect passive voice.1 I have downloaded the software to help my phone battery last longer.2 Someone has lost an identity card.3 Have you confirmed the Wi-Fi password?The software has been downloaded to help my phone battery last longer.An identity card ha

25、s been lost.Has the Wi-Fi password been confirmed?Grammar2 Change the sentences into the present perfect passive voice.4 Have you pressed the button yet to copy the file?5 Has anyone made a comment about the online database?Has the button been pressed yet to copy the file?Has a/any comment been made

26、 about the online database?GrammarFeel the original text of the text below. Discuss in groups, which expression is better and why?1. Peoples lives have been changed by online communities and social networks.2.Many people have been helped by the club. 3.Much has been written about the wonders of the

27、World Wide Web.4.Jans life has been greatly improved by the Internet. 1.Online communities and social networks have changed Peoples lives.2.The club has helped many people . 3.People have written much about the wonders of the World Wide Web.4.The Internet has greatly improved Jans life. Discussion A

28、s we can see in the pairs of sentences, the object in an active sentence becomes the subject in a passive sentence. Both sentence types convey a similar meaning, but they are slightly different.Find out the differences in meaning and function between the active and passive forms.If the subject is th

29、e performer of the action, use the active voice; If the subject is the receiver of the action, use the passive voice. The active voice :Mary is making a doll.The passive voice:A doll is being made by Mary.DiscussionThe active voice indicates that the subject is the executor(執(zhí)行者) of the action, while

30、 the passive voice indicates that the subject is the receiver of the action.Find out the differences in meaning and function between the active and passive forms.In an active sentence,the subject is doing an action to an object, while in a passive sentence, the subject is having something done to it

31、, and the doer of that action is not necessarily mentioned, Active sentences are used often, as they are more direct. Passive sentences are often used when the doer of an action is unknown, not important, or preferred not named.GrammarIn Chinese, passive verbs such as be, receive and give are often

32、used to express passive meaning. The passive voice consists of be verb + past participle of transitive verb.PracticeWork in pairs,Look at the pictures, first list some key words, then make up sentences using the present perfect passive voice.The ink remove from The clothThe ink has not removed from

33、the cloth.PracticeWork in pairs,Look at the pictures, first list some key words, then make up sentences using the present perfect passive voice.a lot of factories set up in our cityA lot of factories have been set up in our city.He fire the companyHe has been fired by the company.Work in pairs,Look

34、at the pictures, first list some key words, then make up sentences using the present perfect passive voice.PracticeLook at the way your face has been washedLook at the way your teeth have been brushedLook at the way your shoes have been cleanedYoud better do them again.Look at the way the flowers ha

35、ve been plantedLook at the way the grass has been cutLook at the way the paths have been swept1 hope that youll come here again.3 Read the poem. Underline the use of the present perfect passive voice in the following poem.PracticeLook at the way the picture has been paintedListen to the way the song

36、 has been writtenLook at the way the film has been madeNow think about what you could create.Look at the way the needy have been helpedLook at the way the river has been cleanedLook at the way the tree has been plantedNow think how to make the world a better place.Think of your own situation and wri

37、te a similar poem.Simple：PracticeLanguage pointfunction n.功能;作用;機能vi.起作用; 正常工作;運轉(zhuǎn)詞匯積累perform/serve vital function起重要作用function as sb./sth.起.作用；具有.功能 1.Theyve built a kind of new PC with more functions.他們制造了一種功能更多的新電腦。根據(jù)中文意思填空。The sofa also functions_(起.作用；具有.功能) a bed.My camera has manual and automa

38、tic _(功能).The authorities say the prison is now_(運轉(zhuǎn)) normally.asfunctionsfunctioningLanguage pointconfirm vt.確認(rèn);使確信:證實;證明;批準(zhǔn)confirmation n.證實;確認(rèn)書;證明書詞匯積累confirm that 證實It has been confirmed that.已經(jīng)證實confirm sb. in sth.使某人確信某事confirm sb. as sth.任命某人擔(dān)任某職位2.Have you confirmed the Wi-Fi password?你確認(rèn)Wi-F

39、i密碼了嗎?根據(jù)中文意思填空。All telephone reservations must be_ (確認(rèn))in writing. The results of the experiment_ (證實)our predictions. Her qualifications and experience _(證明) her eligibility for the job. confirmedconfirmedconfirmedLanguage pointconfirm v. 證實,證明; 指通過更多的證據(jù)確定某事是真實的。eg:They need new evidence to confirm

40、 his story. 他們需要新的證據(jù)來證實他的說法。近義詞辨析：confirm, prove, certifycertify v. 證實，證明; 尤指經(jīng)過某種檢驗而證實某事正確或真實。eg:The accounts of that company were certified by the investigators. 那家公司的賬目經(jīng)調(diào)查員核實過。prove v. 證明, 指以事實等證明某事是真實的。eg:Tests have proved that the method works. 實驗證明該方法有效。(1)press vt.按下;壓下;敦促 pressure n. 壓力press

41、against sth.緊貼著某物press a button/switch/key按下一個按鈕/開關(guān);按鍵Language point3.Have you pressed the button yet to copy the file?你按下按鈕復(fù)制文件了嗎?根據(jù)中文意思填空。_(按下)the button, then the machine will work._(壓下)the lever until you hear the catch engage.Simply_(按下按鈕)to record your voice and press send!PressPresspress a button(2)filefal n.(計算機的)文件;檔案;文件夾v.把(文件等)歸檔close/open a file關(guān)閉/打開文件file sth. (away) 把(文件等)歸檔同義詞辨析paper和file paper n. 文件；證件。指會議、工作等所用的文件、文獻，也可指證件，如護照、身份證等，通常用復(fù)數(shù)。eg:She left some important papers in her office.她把一些重要的文件留在了辦公室。file n. 文件，文檔; 尤指計算機中的文件。eg: Im going to copy this f