Unit3 Learning about Language （教案）-人教版（2019）選擇性必修第四冊(cè)

1、Unit 3 Sea exploration Learning about Language教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)科目：英語(yǔ) 課題：Learning about Language 課時(shí)：1課時(shí)教學(xué)目標(biāo)與核心素養(yǎng)：知識(shí)目標(biāo)：讓學(xué)生了解動(dòng)詞不定式的用法。能力目標(biāo)：讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)分辨和判斷動(dòng)詞不定式的應(yīng)用情況。情感目標(biāo)：讓學(xué)生能夠正確運(yùn)用動(dòng)詞不定式。教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：讓學(xué)生能夠了解并運(yùn)用動(dòng)詞不定式。教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：判斷哪些情況適合動(dòng)詞不定式。課前準(zhǔn)備：多媒體，黑板，粉筆教學(xué)過(guò)程：一、Pre-class1. Greeting2. Leading-in教師活動(dòng)：（1）讓學(xué)生讀Reading and Thinking板塊的主閱

2、讀語(yǔ)篇，找出含有不定式的句子并標(biāo)注其功能，完成活動(dòng)1。教師可針對(duì)動(dòng)詞不定式的功能和形式提問(wèn)，幫助學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)、鞏固動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中的主要功能。教師可提問(wèn)：What can an infinitive function as?What are the forms of infinitives?學(xué)生活動(dòng)：學(xué)生思考教師提出的問(wèn)題?；顒?dòng)目的：通過(guò)思考教師提出的問(wèn)題導(dǎo)入本節(jié)課所講內(nèi)容動(dòng)詞不定式。While-class教師活動(dòng)：引導(dǎo)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞不定式的用法。動(dòng)詞不定式由to+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成（在某些情況下可以省略to），具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征。其否定形式為not + 動(dòng)詞不定式。學(xué)生活動(dòng)：理解動(dòng)詞不定式的

3、用法，學(xué)會(huì)舉例說(shuō)明。教師活動(dòng)：介紹動(dòng)詞不定式。動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)形式動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。具體形式如下表所示（以do為例）： 語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式to doto be done進(jìn)行式to be doing完成式to have doneto have been done完成進(jìn)行式to have been doing動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能動(dòng)詞不定式在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等多種成分。1. 作主語(yǔ)（1）動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，在很多情況下都可以用v-ing替代，但表示某些具體情況，或表示較強(qiáng)烈的對(duì)比，或在某些固定說(shuō)法中時(shí)，通常不用v-ing

4、替代。（2）動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。（3）若動(dòng)詞不定式太長(zhǎng)，則往往用it代替動(dòng)詞不定式作形式主語(yǔ)，不定式移至句末，以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡。To err is human.金無(wú)足赤，人無(wú)完人。/人非圣賢，孰能無(wú)過(guò)。To finish this job in one day is impossible.要在一天之內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作是不可能的。（表示具體的情況）It is very interesting to play in the snow in winter.冬天在雪地里玩是很有趣的。2.作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式置于be動(dòng)詞后而作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，常表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或起解釋說(shuō)明的作用，其主語(yǔ)常常是dream，

5、wish，idea，plan，tsk，purpose，duty，job等表示意向、打算、職責(zé)等意義的詞。His dream is to become an astronaut.他的夢(mèng)想是成為一名字航員。My main task is to get this company running smoothly.我的主要任務(wù)是使這家公司運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)順利。3.作賓語(yǔ)（1）有些動(dòng)詞后常跟不定式（而不跟v-ing）作賓語(yǔ)，如decide，afford，agree，attempt，choose，detemine，demand，expect，fail，hope，manage，offer，plan，prepare，pr

6、etend，promise，refuse等。Tinas decided to go to Rome for her holidays. 蒂娜已決定去羅馬度假。My dad has offered to pick us up. 我爸爸主動(dòng)提出開(kāi)車(chē)來(lái)接我們。I cant afford to take flying lessons. 我付不起飛行駕駛課程的費(fèi)用。She failed to pass her driving test. 她未能通過(guò)駕照考試。（2）用于“動(dòng)詞+it+adj./n.+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，其中it為形式賓語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式為真正的賓語(yǔ)。能用于該結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有feel，find，th

7、ink，believe，consider，make 等。I find it pleasant to work with him. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)跟他一塊兒工作挺愉快的。I think it useful to learn a foreign language. 我認(rèn)為學(xué)一門(mén)外語(yǔ)是有用的。4. 作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面。（1）動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)的幾種情況：序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或the last/the only/the next等后或被這些詞修飾的名詞后常用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)。He is the best man to do the job.他是做這項(xiàng)工作的最佳人選。He is alw

8、ays the first to come and the last to leave.他總是第一個(gè)來(lái)，最后一個(gè)走。抽象名詞time，way，reason，chance，opportunity，ability，promise，attempt等后常用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)。Interest is as vital to learning as the ability to understand，even more so.對(duì)于學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)說(shuō)，興趣同理解能力一樣重要，甚至更重要。He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow.他許諾明天按時(shí)來(lái)這兒。somethin

9、g，nothing，anything等不定代詞后常用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)。Do you have anything to say？你有什么要說(shuō)的嗎？動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)可表示將來(lái)的、還沒(méi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。He said he had an important meeting to attend.他說(shuō)他有一個(gè)重要的會(huì)議要參加。There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the moon.在我們準(zhǔn)備好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間停留在月球上之前，還有許多問(wèn)題要解決。在there be句型中，作主語(yǔ)的名詞后可接動(dòng)詞不

10、定式作定語(yǔ)，不定式用主動(dòng)式或被動(dòng)式均可，一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。There is nothing to worry/to be worried about.沒(méi)什么可擔(dān)心的。注意：在there be句型中，當(dāng)由講話人去執(zhí)行不定式的動(dòng)作，表示義務(wù)、責(zé)任或必要性時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式多用主動(dòng)形式；由別人去執(zhí)行動(dòng)作，表示可能性時(shí)，多用被動(dòng)形式。如：There are still many things to take care of.還有許多事需要我們處理。（講話人處理）There are still many things to be taken care of.還有許多事需要處理。（別人處理）（2）動(dòng)

11、詞不定式中的動(dòng)詞與被修飾詞之間的關(guān)系動(dòng)賓關(guān)系當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式中的動(dòng)詞與被修飾詞之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式既可以用主動(dòng)形式，也可用被動(dòng)形式，這取決于動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的動(dòng)作是否是由句子的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的。試比較：Do you have anything to send？你有什么東西要寄嗎？（動(dòng)詞不定式to send所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是主語(yǔ)you）Do you have anything to be sent？你有什么東西要（我或別人）寄嗎？（動(dòng)詞不定式（to be sent 表示的動(dòng)作的錢(qián)不是主語(yǔ)，而是我或別人）主謂關(guān)系動(dòng)詞不定式中的動(dòng)詞與被修飾詞之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，是指被修飾詞是動(dòng)詞不定式

12、中的動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)，此時(shí)的動(dòng)詞不定式相當(dāng)于關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句。We need someone to help with the need that can help with the work.我們需要有人來(lái)幫忙做這工作。In our school she is the only student to attend the important meeting. = In our school she is the only student that is to attend the important meeting.她是我們學(xué)校唯一一名要去參加這次重要會(huì)議的學(xué)生。5. 作狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式

13、可用作目的狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)等。（1）作目的狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后，一般放在句子后部，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，也可位于句首；其前可加in order和so as，但加so as時(shí)不能放在句首。I came here to say goodbye to you. 我來(lái)這兒是為了向你告別。He ran fast all the way so as to/in order to catch the first bus.他一路快速奔跑以便趕上第一班公共汽車(chē)。In order to pass the exam, he studied hard till midn

14、ight.為了通過(guò)考試，他努力學(xué)習(xí)到半夜。（2）作原因狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式常跟在作表語(yǔ)的形容詞和過(guò)去分詞之后，用來(lái)說(shuō)明產(chǎn)生某種情緒或作出某種評(píng)價(jià)的原因。此類(lèi)詞有happy，lucky，surprised，sorry，glad，delighted，eager，anxious，ready，foolish，interested，careless等。Were quite glad to meet you here. 我們很高興在這兒見(jiàn)到你。They were very surprised to be informed of the news. 被告知這個(gè)消息他們很吃驚。You were careless t

15、o leave your bike unlocked. 放下自行車(chē)不鎖，你真粗心。（3）作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)往往表示意想不到的或是不愉快的結(jié)果。其前有時(shí)可以加上only以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。He got to the station only to be told the train had gone.他到了車(chē)站，卻被告知火車(chē)已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了。注意：現(xiàn)在分詞（短語(yǔ)）作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)多表示順其自然的結(jié)果，即句子和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)之間有一定的因果關(guān)系。Jack has made great progress, making his parents very happy.杰克取得了巨大的進(jìn)步，這讓他的父母很高興。6.

16、作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（1）ask，tell，invite，get，advise，allow，want，permit，warm，order，encourage，prefer，expect，force，wish，beg等表示命令、教導(dǎo)、要求、意向、允許、警告等意義的動(dòng)詞后可接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。My teacher encouraged me to study abroad. 我的老師鼓勵(lì)我出國(guó)留學(xué)。Her parents dont allow her to go out at night. 她父母不允許她晚上出去。（2）believe，consider，declare，find，imagine，prove

17、，suppose，think等表示意見(jiàn)、認(rèn)可、判斷、料想、聲明等意義的動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常是“to be”或“to have been”形式。The answer proved to be wrong.結(jié)果表明這個(gè)答案是錯(cuò)的。I believe him to be honest.我相信他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。They found him to be charming.他們覺(jué)得他很有魅力。I judged him to have been a teacher.我判斷他曾是一位教師。2. 學(xué)生活動(dòng)：學(xué)生完成活動(dòng)2，通過(guò)句子重組，體會(huì)動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中的作用和功能。He/encouraged me/partic

18、ipate in the surfing competitionHe encouraged me to participate in the surfing competition. (OC)The storm/seems/be getting closerThe storm seems to be getting closer. (P)Magellan/was the first person/sail around the worldMagellan was the first person to sail around the world. (Attr)The UN peacekeepi

19、ng force/aims/maintain peace and prevent armed conflictsThe UN peacekeeping force aims to maintain peace and prevent armed conflicts. (O)The crowd/stood/applaud/scientists/for their important ocean research workThe crowd stood to applaud scientists for their important ocean research work. (Ad)It is a good idea/tax/plastic bottles/so that people use them lessIt is a good idea to tax plastic bottles so that people use them less. (S)The Jiaolong manned submersible/is said/be able/reach 7 km underwaterThe Jiaolong manned submersible is said to be able