高中英語語法：非謂語動詞詳細復習資料

1、高中英語語法：非謂語動詞詳細復習資料非謂語一 高考需掌握的相關知識點：另外，常見的還有：1、情態(tài)動詞后的 to 已省略。 例： You must go to the hospital first. 你必須先去醫(yī)院。 I can swim well.我能游得很好。2、使役動詞 let, have, make后，感官動詞 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等詞后的 to 省略。例： He made the baby crying all night long.他讓那個嬰兒哭了一整夜。

2、Let it be. 就這樣吧。 when I passed by, I saw the girl picking the flowers.我經(jīng)過的時候，看見那個女孩在摘花。注意：在這些詞的用法中， 用于被動語態(tài)時不能省去 to 。 例：I saw him dance. 我看見他跳舞。=He was seento dance.The boss made them work the whole night.我寧老板讓他們整夜干活。 =They were made to work the whole night. 3 、 would rather/had better/had best 后的 to

3、 省略。例： I would rather go to Japan than the USA. 愿去日本也不想去美國。 You had better take a hat with you. 你最好帶上一頂帽子。4、why /why not 句型中 not 后 to 省略。例：why not xxe to my home for a dinner tonight今晚何不來我家吃頓飯。5、help 后可帶 to ，也可不帶 to, help sb do sth ：6、如果在 feel ，know， observe ，see 后面跟的不定式 是 be ，則 to 不可省略。例： We all fe

4、lt that to be the highest praise We know him to be brave The only thing that I have observed to be without limit is the businessmans desire for profitsNow I saw him to be the man who walked up the hill every morning 應該注意到的是 feel 和 see 這兩個動詞在上述例句中 已不是感覺動詞，它們的意思分別是“認為”、“以為”和 “知悉”、“了解”。7、and, or 和 than

5、 連接的兩個不定式，第二個 to 可 以省去：例： He forgot to go to her home and give her the important letter. 他忘了去她家并把一封重要的信件 給她。8、通常在 discover, imagine, suppose, think等詞后作賓補時， 可以省去 to be。 例： He is supposed nice.他應該是個好人。9、but 作介詞，后結不定式結構時，前面謂語動詞部分 若含有 do 的形式時，but 后的不定式要省去 to, 否則要帶 to. 例 he wants to do nothing but go out

6、.He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.10 、不定式做表語時，一般要帶to, 但若主語部分中含有 do 的各種形式時，符號 to 可省去。例 we ve missed the last bus. All we could do now is walk home.It be aan adj. n. to do 在這種句型中 , 不定式與前面的名詞有動賓關系。動詞不定式可改為動詞不 定式復合結構。例如 : This is a difficult question to answer.這是個難答的問題。 question 與 t

7、o answer 為動賓關系。 to answer 可改為 for me to answer 。 再如 : It is an easy sentence to translate. 這個句子很容易翻譯。The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very xxfortable to . a. sit b. sit on c. besat d. be sat onIm hungry. Get me something . a.eat b. to eat c. to be eat d. for eating3. It is difficultfor

8、 a foreignerChinese. a. write b. to write c. to be written d. written 4. I have no more letters , thankyou. a. to type b. typing c. to be typed d. typed 5. The car is rather difficult .repair be repaired repaired 6.He was nowhere. a. to see b. to be seen c. seeing d. seen7. She had no money a birthd

9、ay presentfor their children. a. to buy b. to be bought c. bought d. buying 8. We waited for the work . a.done b. being done c. to do d. to be done 動名詞復合結構的一般構成： 1)名詞的所有格形式動名詞2 )形容詞性的物主代詞動名詞如不置于句首時，可以使用：名詞動名詞或者賓格代 詞動名詞動名詞復合結構主要在句中做主語、賓語或表語 等。它能夠側重說明動名詞所表示的動作的執(zhí)行者。 Would you mind my/me closing the win

10、dow (比較： Would you mind closing the window) Bob s beingabsent made his teacher very angry.No one will dream of there being such a famous place in the world. Her having lost the keys made Mary verydisappointed.動詞 ing 的獨立結構： 不定式和動名詞作主語的區(qū)別：（1） 動名詞作主語通常表示抽象動作；而不定式作主語 表示具體動作。 Smoking is prohibited（禁止 ）he

11、re 這里禁止抽煙。 （ 抽象 ）It is not very good for you to smoke so much你抽這么多煙對你身體很不好。 （ 具體 ） （2） 動名詞作主語時， 通常用以表示一件已知的事或經(jīng)驗。不定式短語通常用來表 示一件未完成的事或目的。Climbing mountains is interesting 爬山很有趣。 （ 經(jīng) 驗）Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring在高峰時刻開車令人厭煩。 （ 經(jīng)驗 ） To finish the task will take a long time. 要完成這項任務將要花費很

12、長時間。 （3） 不定式做主語，一般用 it 當形式主語，把作主語的不定式 短語后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job.（4 ）動名詞做主語往往表示普通的，一般的行為；不定 式 作 主 語 常 常 表 示 某 次 具 體 的 行 為 。 Collecting information about childrens health is his job.收集有關兒童健康的信息是他的工作。 It s necessary todiscuss the problem with an experienced teacher.與一位有經(jīng)驗的老師討

13、論這個問題是有必要的。 2 、常用不定 式做主語的句型有：It s difficult (important, necessary) for sb. todoIt s kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do.3、常用動名詞做主語的句型有：It s no good (use,fun) doing. It s (a) waste of time ones doing.不定式、分詞、動名詞作定語時的比較 A 作前置定 語現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、動名詞可以作前置定語，

14、而不定式不能作前置定語。如：developing countryboy ,the xxing new year 。辨異的方法很簡單：現(xiàn)在分詞具有主動、進行的特點，而過去分詞則具有被動、完成的特點。例如，a developing country=a countrywhich is developing( 發(fā) 展 中 國 家 ) ； boiling， boiled water ;developed country ; boiling water building materials , a swimming pool ; the sleepingwater=water which isboilin

15、g( 正 在 滾 開 的 水 ) ; adeveloped country=a country which has developed ； boiled water=water which has been boiled(已滾開過的水 ) 。現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞同形，但作前置定語時，動名詞表 示 所 修 飾 的 名 詞 的 用 途 ， 例 如 ， .building materials=materials for building; a swimming pool=a pool for swimming ；而現(xiàn)在分詞作前置定語時，表示所修 飾的名詞正在進行的動作，兩者是邏輯上的主謂關系。例如， t

16、he sleeping boy=the boy who is sleeping ; the xxing new year=the new year that is xxing 。 B 作后置定語不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞都能作作后置定語，而動 名詞不作后置定語。先看例句：at The problem to be discussed at the meeting is very important. The problem discussed discussed the meeting is very important. The problem beingdiscussed at the me

17、eting is very important.辨析：上面例句分別用不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞作 后置定語，是因為它們存在不同的情況：不定式作定語，表 示動作正要進行；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，表示動作正在進行；過 去分詞作定語，表示動作已完成。據(jù)此，我們可以把上面的 例句還原為定語從句作定語的句子，這樣學生就更容易理 解： The problem to be discussed at the meeting is very important.=The problem ( which is ) to be discussed at the meeting is very important. The

18、problem discussed at the meeting is very important.= The problem (which was ) discussed at the meeting is very important. The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important.= The problem (which is ) being discussed at the meeting is very important. 現(xiàn)在分詞、 過去分詞作賓語補足語 現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞作賓語補足語 也是比較常用的句

19、式，如： I heard him singing English songs.His English was poor .He could hardly make himself understood.學習小結：不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞都能作賓補， 正確使用它們的方法是：首先確定它們與邏輯主語即句子的 賓語之間的關系，如果邏輯主語是它們動作的執(zhí)行者，則用 不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補。不定式表示動作已完成，側重工 作的全過程，而現(xiàn)在分詞表示動作正在進行；如果邏輯主語 是它們動作的承受者， 則應用過去分詞作賓補。 如： I often heard him sing English songs. I

20、heard him singing English songs. I often heard English songs sung by him. 不定式、分詞作狀語時的比較 A. 不定式可修飾動詞和形容詞，表示原因、目的和結果。 a) 作修飾動詞的原因狀語。 如：The whole nation was in deep sorrow to learn of Premier Zhou Enlai s death. He laughed to think of his stupid son.作修飾動詞的目的狀語。如：He went to buy an English dictionary in

21、the bookstore.不定式作目的狀語如果放在句子之前，則更為正式一 些，語氣也較重。如： To be a teacher of the people, one must first be their pupil.作修飾動詞的結果狀語。不定式做結果狀語，表示一 種沒有預料到的情況或結果， 須放在被修飾動詞的后面， 如：He woke up to find that he was lying in the hospital. 有時為了進一步加強預料不到的語氣，在表示結果的不 定式前還可加 only, 如： He went to see him only to find him out.作修

22、飾表語形容詞的狀語。尤其要注意的是，此時 作修飾表語形容詞狀語的不定式常用主動形式，表示被動的 含義。如： My chair is xxfortable to sit on. English is very difficult to learn well. B 分詞可作多種狀 語，用法比較活躍。 a) 作時間狀語，如：Having finished his homework, he went to bed. (=After he had finished his homework, )(When) heated, ice will turn into water. (=When it is h

23、eated, ) b) 作原因狀語，如：Being a Party member, I should take the lead. (=AsI am a Party member, ) Greatly inspired by the teacher s words, he madeu p his mind to work even harder. (=Because he was greatly inspired by the teacher swords, ) c) 作方式、伴隨或附加說明狀語，如：Filled for the moment with extraordinary streng

24、th, he raised himself xxpletely. He stood there waiting for a bus.Here for the four very difficult years they worked every moment that they could spare, weighing and boiling and measuring and calculating and thinking. d) 作條件狀語，如：Given some more time, she will do work even better.(= If she is given s

25、ome more time, )Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. (=If you play all day, ) e) 作結果狀語，如：He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 有時在表示結果的現(xiàn)在分詞之前還可加 only, 表示預料之中的情況，如： He went to see him last night onlyfinding him studying. He was always working hard!f) 作程度狀語，如：The wind rose and

26、it became freezing cold. g) 目的狀語，如：Yesterday she went shopping with his classmates.h) 作讓步狀語，如：Though warned of the danger, the children went on skating on the thin ice.(=Though they were warned of the danger, )要點提示：分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語就是句子的主語， 如果分詞表示的是主動、 進行的動作， 則用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語； 如果分詞表示的是被動、完成的動作或狀態(tài)，則用過去分詞 作狀語，如：Fo

27、llowing the old man, he stepped into the room. Followed by the old man, he stepped into the room. Greatly interested ,I asked how he played these new works. 不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞作獨立成分時的比較A不定式作獨立成分，表示不定式獨立于句子的其他 成分，是英語表達的一種方式，不常用，如：To tell you the truth, I am almost freezing. To be honest, I don t like being left

28、 alone at home.B現(xiàn)在分詞作獨立成分，用來表示說話人的態(tài)度或看 問 題 的 角 度 ， 如 ： Generally speaking, boys are physically stronger than girls. Judging from his accent ,he must be an American.重點： Need, want, require, deserve（ 應得，值得 ）, be worth 值得），not bear（ 經(jīng)不住 ） 后面接 doing 主動表被動。 The book is worth reading.這本書值得一讀。The old build

29、ing requires repairing. 這座古建筑 需要修了。These young seedlings will require/need looking after （=need to be looked after） carefully.這些幼苗將需要小心的照管。Your hair wants/needs cutting （needs to be cut）. 你的頭發(fā)該剪了。非謂語一 高考需掌握的相關知識點：另外，常見的還有：1、情態(tài)動詞后的 to 已省略。 例： You must go to the hospital first. 你必須先去醫(yī)院。 I can swim wel

30、l. 我 能游得很好。2、使役動詞 let, have, make后，感官動詞 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等詞后的 to 省略。例： He made the baby crying all night long.他讓那個嬰兒哭了一整夜。 Let it be. 就這樣吧。 when I passed by, I saw the girl picking the flowers. 我 經(jīng)過的時候，看見那個女孩在摘花。注意：在這些詞的用法中， 用于被動語態(tài)時不能省去 to 。 例

31、：I saw him dance. 我看見他跳舞。=He was seento dance.The boss made them work the whole night.老板讓他們整夜干活。 =They were made to work the whole night. 3 、 would rather/had better/had best 后的 to 省略。例： I would rather go to Japan than the USA.我寧愿去日本也不想去美國。 You had better take a hat with you. 你最好帶上一頂帽子。4、why /why no

32、t 句型中 not 后 to 省略。例：why not xxe to my home for a dinner tonight今晚何不來我家吃頓飯。5、help 后可帶 to ，也可不帶 to, help sb do sth ：6、如果在 feel ，know， observe ，see 后面跟的不定式 是 be ，則 to 不可省略。例： We all felt that to be the highest praise We know him to be brave The only thing that I have observed to be withoutlimit is the

33、businessmans desire for profitsNow I saw him to be the man who walked up the hill every morning 應該注意到的是 feel 和 see 這兩個動詞在上述例句中 已不是感覺動詞，它們的意思分別是“認為”、“以為”和 “知悉”、“了解”。7、and, or 和 than 連接的兩個不定式，第二個 to 可 以省去：例： He forgot to go to her home and give her the important letter. 他忘了去她家并把一封重要的信件 給她。8、通常在 discov

34、er, imagine, suppose, think等詞后作賓補時， 可以省去 to be。 例： He is supposed nice. 他應該是個好人。9、but 作介詞，后結不定式結構時，前面謂語動詞部分 若含有 do 的形式時，but 后的不定式要省去 to, 否則要帶 to. 例 he wants to do nothing but go out.He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.10 、不定式做表語時，一般要帶to, 但若主語部分中含有 do 的各種形式時，符號 to 可省去。例 we ve missed

35、 the last bus. All we could do now is walk home.It be aan adj. n. to do 在這種句型中 , 不定式與前面的名詞有動賓關系。動詞不定式可改為動詞不 定式復合結構。例如 : This is a difficult question to answer.這是個難答的問題。 question 與 to answer 為動賓關系。 to answer 可改為 for me to answer 。 再如 : It is an easy sentence to translate. 這個句子很容易翻譯。1. The chair looks

36、 rather hard, but in fact it is very xxfortable to . a. sit b. sit on c. besat d. be sat on2. Im hungry. Get me something . a.eat b. to eat c. to be eat d. for eatingIt is difficult for a foreigner Chinese. a. write b. to write c. to be written d.written 4. I have no more letters , thankyou. a. to type b. typing c. to be typed d. typed 5. The car is rather difficult .repair be repaired repaired 6.He was nowhere. a. to see b. to be seen c. seeing d. seen7. She had no money a birth