高考英語名詞考點及訓練題

1、 名詞（一 ）考綱要求名詞應掌握以下內(nèi)容：分清名詞的可數(shù)性與不可數(shù)性;可數(shù)名詞有單復數(shù)，有些名詞只有復數(shù);物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞不可數(shù)但可以具體量化使用;名詞所有格和of 格的語言現(xiàn)象;名詞直接作定語;國家名詞的正確使用;名詞詞義的區(qū)分和搭配;單位名詞的搭配;名詞前的修飾語 so, as, quite 等 ;time 及?？键c。（二 ）命題導向名詞的“可數(shù)”與“不可數(shù)”是高考命題的熱點之一。不可數(shù)名詞前不能與不定冠詞連用，之后不能加-s。有些抽象名詞卻有復數(shù)形式，但意義與原來詞不同。有些可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)有兩個意思，一個與單數(shù)意義相同，另一個和單數(shù)含義不同，高考中這些含義很可能成為考查的內(nèi)容。詞語的固定

2、搭配及名詞作定語也是高考命題的注意點。（三 ）知識概要英語的名詞分為專有名詞和普通名詞兩大類。專有名詞是指個人、團體、地方、機構(gòu)或事物等所專有的名稱，它的第一個字母必須大寫。如：Einstain, Beijing, Asia 等。普通名詞是指一類人、一類事物、 某種物質(zhì)抽象概念的名稱，可分為： 個體名詞（可數(shù)，如： worker,father, book, tree, school 等 ）;集體名詞（可數(shù)，如：people, family,class, team 等 ）;物質(zhì)名詞（不可數(shù)，如：iron, paper, snow, water,chalk, gold 等 ）;抽象名詞（不可數(shù)，

3、如： life, thought, idea, strength等 ）。注意：可數(shù)、不可數(shù)是英文名詞和中文名詞的一個重要差異即學習的重點。而很多英語名詞具有雙重性。即， 名詞的類別不是固定不變的，它們會根據(jù)詞義的變化和場合的不同而相互轉(zhuǎn)換，其名詞類別的轉(zhuǎn)換可歸納如下：1 、個體名詞轉(zhuǎn)抽象名詞或抽象名詞轉(zhuǎn)個體名詞e.g. Our school is not far from my home.（ 個體）我們學校離我家不遠。School is over at six.（ 抽象）六點鐘放學。2、物質(zhì)名詞轉(zhuǎn)個體名詞或個體名詞轉(zhuǎn)物質(zhì)名詞e.g. He broke a piece of glass.（ 物質(zhì)

4、）他打破了一塊玻璃。He broke a glass.（ 個體 ）他打破了一個杯子。3、個體名詞轉(zhuǎn)專有名詞e.g. His father is a teacher.（ 個體）他父親是個教師?！?What are you doing there? ” Father asked.（ 專有）“你在那兒干什么?”父親問道。（四 ）名詞的數(shù)名詞分為可數(shù)（有單、復數(shù)形式）和不可數(shù)名詞（只有單數(shù)形式）。1 、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復數(shù)： 一般加 s ： lesson lessons, pen pens以 s, x, ss, ch, sh, o 結(jié)尾的加es ： buses, boxes, classes,watch

5、es, brushes, hero heroes但有些以o 結(jié)尾的名詞，是加 s 構(gòu)成復數(shù)：kilo kilos, piano pianos, radio radios,photo photos, zoo zoos以輔音字母+ y 結(jié)尾的改y 為 i， 再加 es ： city cities,story stories以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的，一般將f 或 fe 改為 v，再加 es ： knife knives, leaf leaves但有些以f 結(jié)尾的名詞，是在f 后加 s，構(gòu)成復數(shù)形式：belief beliefs, roof roofs, safe（ 保險箱 ） safes, proo

6、f（ 證據(jù)）proofs, chief chiefs, handkerchief handkerchiefs2 、 有些名詞，不按上述規(guī)則構(gòu)成其復數(shù)形式，有以下幾種情況： 單復數(shù)形式相同：Chinese, Japanese, deer, sheep不規(guī)則變化：man men, woman women, goose geese, foot feet, tooth teeth, child children, mouse mice, ox oxen 。但是，German Germans復合名詞的復數(shù)形式：editor-in-chief editors-in-chief,daughter-in-la

7、w daughters-in-law, grown-up grown-ups, woman teacher women teachers, man driver men drivers3、注意以下幾個名詞單復數(shù)問題物質(zhì)名詞一般不用復數(shù)形式, 但有些物質(zhì)名詞要用復數(shù)形式來表示不同的類別,如：fishes 各種魚， fruits 各種水果，steels 各種鋼材。物質(zhì)名詞表示數(shù)量時，一般用表示數(shù)量的短語來表示。如：a cup of tea, three bags of apples, four pieces of bread 。有些抽象名詞的復數(shù)形式表示不同的含義。如： work（ 工作 ） wo

8、rks（ 著 作 ） ， arm（ 手 臂 ） arms（ 軍 火 ） ， glass（ 玻 璃 ） glasses（ 眼鏡 ）， cloth（ 布 ） clothes（ 衣服）。定冠詞加上姓氏的復數(shù)形式，表示全家人或夫婦二人;姓氏的復數(shù)形式前不加冠詞，則表示若干個姓的人。如：the Wangs王家， three Wangs 三個姓王的。 只用作單數(shù)的復數(shù)形式的名詞。如： physics, mathematics, news, the United States有些名詞形似單數(shù)，但實為復數(shù)。如： police, people, cattle有些名詞如被看作整體時就作單數(shù)用，如被看作組成該集體的

9、各個成員時就作復數(shù)用。如：class, family, couple, audience,government, public有些抽象名詞在具體化時，可以復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。表示特指時，可和定冠詞連用;表示“某種”或“一次”意義時，可和不定冠詞連用。如：How did you smooth away the difficulties?（ 指各種具體困難 ）;It is a great pleasure to talk with you.;What a surprise!（五 ）名詞的所有格名詞的所有格在句中表示所有關(guān)系，作定語用。s”。如：1 s”。如：Tom s bike, Engles s （E

10、ngles ） works, a works school,Women s Day, the editor-in-chief s office2、如果一個事物為兩個人所有，只在后一個名詞的詞尾加“s”，如果不是共有，就要在兩個名詞的詞尾都加上“s”。如：Tomand Mike s room.（ 共有 ）， Tom s and Mike s books.（ 不共有 ）。3 、表示時間、距離、國家、城市的無生命名詞，可以在詞尾加“s”或“”表示所有格，如： today s papers, ten minutes walk4、表示店鋪或某人的家時，常在名詞所有格之后省去shop,house, hom

11、e 。如： the tailor s5 、 無生命名詞的所在格通常用of 短語來表示。如： the windowof the room6、表示有生命的名詞有時也可用of 短語來表示所有關(guān)系，而the teachers of the No. 1 Middle School.7 、雙重所有格結(jié)構(gòu)前的被修飾名詞通常指整體中的部分或一個，雙重所有格只能用于有生命的名詞，這個名詞是確定的。被修飾名詞前有不定冠詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞或數(shù)詞等限定詞時，一般只能用雙重所有格。如：an old friend of my uncle s, adaughter of Mrs Green s, the ho

12、use of one of my friends（六 ）名詞的普通格作定語表材料、地點、用途、性質(zhì)、泛指時間、整體等普通名詞可以作定語，一般用單數(shù)形式。e.g. stone figures（ 石 像 ）;paper money（ 紙 幣 ）;country TOC o 1-5 h z music（ 鄉(xiāng) 村 音 樂 ）;table cloth（ 桌 布 ）;river bank（ 河 岸 ）;school gate（ 校門口 ）;book stores（ 書店 ）;traffic lights（ 交通燈 ）;summer holidays（ 暑假 ）;evening dress（ 晚禮服）。但在

13、個別情況下，也有需用復數(shù)的。e.g. sports meet（ 運動會 ）;the United States government（ 美 國 政 府 ）;students reading-room（ 學 生 閱 覽 室 ）;goods train（ 貨 車 ）;two men doctors（ 兩個男醫(yī)生）。練習、名詞The of the room were covered with .A. roofs, leafs B. roofs, leaves C. rooves, leafs D. rooves,leavesThere are three in our factory.A. woma

14、n doctors B. women doctors C. woman doctor D. women doctorWhich do you prefer or ?A. potatos, tomatos B. potatos, tomatoes C. potatoes, tomatos D. potatoes, tomatoesThey are of different presses（ 出版社 ）. Now they arehaving a meeting in one of the office.A. editor-in-chiefs, editors-in-chief s B. edit

15、ors-in-chief, editor-in-chief sC. editors-in-chiefs, editor s-in-chief s D. editors-in-chief, editors-in-chief sThe ant has two . A. stomaches B. stomacks C.stomach D. stomachsHe doesn t like for supper. A. chick B. chicken C.chickens D. chicksIt was hot weather that many of us wentswimming.A. so B.

16、 such C. so as D. such awonderful space they saw on the room!A. How B. How a C. What D. What aWe know travels not so fast as light.A. sound B. sounds C. the sounds D. a soundMy family raise a lot of , including two A. cattle, cows B. cows, cattle C. cattles, cows D. cow, cattlesA number of soldiers

17、at he camp gate（ 軍營門口）.A. have gathered B. has gathered C. is D. wasThe Browns have spent a large of money on theirnew car.A. deal B. amount C. number D. sizework has been done to improve the people sliving standard.A. Many B. A great many C. A great deal of D. A number ofMr Li shook warmly with a f

18、riend.A. hand B. a hand C. hands D. the handsTwo , please. A. coffee B. coffees C. cup of coffee D.cups coffeeI can t pay as as he asked for.A. high price a B. high price C. a high price D. high a priceknowledge of space develops rapidly. A. Man s B.Men s C. Mens D. Person s.I stayed at . A. Xiao Wa

19、ng s B. Wang s home C.the Wangs D. home of WangSister Carrie works in a factory. A. shoes B. shosesC. shoe D. shoe sHave you ever read ?A. today newspaper B. newspaper today C. newspaper of today D. today s newspaperTwo walk didn t made me tired. A. hour B. hoursC. hour s D. hours The mother over th

20、ere is mother.A. Julia and Mary B. Julia and Mary s C. Julia s and Mary s D. Julia s and MaryLi Ming s handwriting is better than in the class.A. anyone s B. anyone else C. anyone s else s D. anyoneelse sThe children are playing on the .A. sand, sand B. sands, sands C. sand, sands D. sands, sandIf t

21、hese trousers are too big, buy a smaller . A. setone C. copy D. pairTom usually takes a in bus on rainy days. A. walkride C. trip D. travelWe have no about where she has gone.A. information B. news C. message D. flashFood and are daily necessities（ 需 要 ）for thepeople.A. cloth B. clothe C. clothes D.

22、 clothingMy of hearing is not so good as it used to be. A.strength B. sense C. power D. skillThe caused by carelessness yesterday. Manyworkers were killed.A. incident, was happened B. matter, happenedC. event, was taken place D. accident, took placeThe room was so quiet that she could hear the ofher

23、 heart.A. beating B. ways C. knocking D. striking has been told not to throw waste thingsanywhere.A. The public B. People C. Women D. ManHe was an in the government .A. office, official B. official, office C. officer, office D. official, officerThere are several in this novel who are different inA.

24、character, character B. characters, characters C. character, characters D. characters, characterWe visited him when he was in hospital.A. every other days B. each other day C. every other dayD. every two dayMy friend will return in .A. one day or two B. a day or two C. one day or two D. aor two days

25、is always difficult for me.A. Translation B. Translate C. The translation D. A translationof this novel is excellent, quite to my surprise.A. Translation B. Translate C. The translation D. A translationThe police looking into the matter now. A. be B. isare D. are going toThe Chinese are brave and ha

26、rd working people.A. the B. a C. / D. oneNo news good news. A. is B. are C. have D. hasMaths still very difficult for me, though I havedone my best.A. looks B. seems C. is D. are“ Where my trousers? ” the boy asked. A. is B. wasC. were D. areHow happy they are! Obviously, they are .A. in nice spirit

27、s B. in nice spirit C. in high spirits D. in high spiritI saw many seated in the corner readingsomething.A. Japanese B. Japaneses C. of Japanese D. of JapanesesFather went to his doctor for about his hearttrouble.A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advicesWe are and they are . A. Englishmen, Ge

28、rmansB. Englishmen, German C. Englishmans, Germans D. Englishmen, Germenare made of .A. A glass, a glass B. Glasses, glass C. The glass, the glassGlasses, glassesI ll have to buy trousers. A. a B. two C. a pair of D.a couple ofThere are two in our class. A. Liu B. Lius C. Liu s D.Liusis needed in co

29、ld countries.A. A lot of clothes B. Much clothing C. Many a cloth D.Lots of clothesThey are . A. mathematics student B. mathematicstudentsC. students in mathematics D. mathematics studentsThe laboratory assistant recorded the reactions（ 反應 ）.A. mouses B. mice C. mices D. mice sThis letter was sent b

30、y A. my father friend B. my father friend s C. a friend of my father s D. a friend of my fatherTen years had passed. I found she had A. a little white hair B. some white hair C. a few white hairD. a few white hairsI have made with Billy. A. friends B. friend C. afriend D. the friendThe population of

31、 Beijing is than that of Xi an. A.more B. larger C. fewer D. smallThere are thirty-two in our school.A. woman teacher B. women teacher C. women teachers D. woman teachersHe had tried everything but it made little.A. use B. good C. difference D. resultYou must get there within half an hour. There sho

32、uld be noin sending the blood to the dying man.A. wait B. delay C. time D. hurryEnough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any.A. excuse B. sense C. use D. value-How dare you play on such thin ice? -Playing on ice is not my of spare time.A. idea B. thought C. mind D. intentionH

33、elen said she would like to go to Atlanta by air, but I wonder if she has enough money to pay for the.A. travel B. tourism C. journey D. courseOne splendid mountain followed anotherduring our journey from Mieheel more to Rurunz.A. view B. glance C. screen D. sceneThe new law will come into _on the d

34、ay it is passed. （1999 上海 ）A. effect B. use C. service D. existenceWhen you play football, what do you play?A. situation B. place C. part D. positionIts important for us to employ a word or a phrase according to thein language studies.A. situation B. expression C. condition D. translationI wrote him

35、 a letter to show my of histhoughtfulness.A. achievement B. agreement C. view D. appreciationOne of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high-rise is that you can get a good.A. sight B. scene C. view D. lookNowadays natural gas, wind and other forms of are widely used in the country.A. ene

36、rgy B. force C. power D. materialswith foreign countries can bring us muchinformation about the world.A. Contrast B. Competition C. Contact D. CombinationWe all know thatspeak louder than words.A. movements B. performances C. operations D. actionsWe have worked out the plan and now we must put it into _.(NMET1997 38)A. fact B. reality C. practice D. deedWeve missed the last bus. Im afraid we have no but to take a taxi.(Met 1993 ,33)A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selectionHe dropped the _and broke it . (Met 1993, 38)A. cup of coffee B. coffees cup C. cup for coffee D. coffe