選修8.3 Inventors and inventions(押題專練)-2017年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)精品資料(解析版)

1、22A.sentencesBwords1010A.propertiesBsimilaritiesk押題專練II完形填空Readingandlearningnewwordsisaboutfindingtheirmeaningandusewithinapassage.Themeaningofunknownwordswhichyou_1_inyourreadingsometimescanbeknownbytheir_2_，thatis,theircontexts.Thecontextofthesentencecantellusthepartofspeech（詞性）ofthe3word.Usingth

2、econtextoftheparagraphtodefineunknownwordscanalsobe_4_Readersoftenhavetroublebecausetheyunderstandthesentencewordbywordinsteadthe_5.meaningofaword,whentheyshouldidentifythewayithasbeenusedinthepassage.Oneconsiderationinusingthecontextistodeterminetheunknownwordspartofspeech.Thewordsaroundtheunknownw

3、ordcangiveyou_6_.Onceyouknowifthewordisanounoranadjective,itisoftenenoughforyouto_7_readingwithouthavingtostoptolookupthemeaningoftheword.Aftercomingacrossthewordafewmoretimes,youwillknowitsmeaningmore_8_thanifyouhadjustlookeditup.Comparisoncluesindicatethattwoormorethingsare_.9_.Acomparisonispossib

4、lebecausetheknownandunknownwordshave10_.Thelikenessshowsyouthatcomparisonscanbemade.11_cluestellyouanexampleofanunknownword.Examplecluesareusually_12_bythefollowingwordsandphrases:suchas,forexample,andlike.Tofindmeaningfromtext-basedclues,youshouldlookforcluesinthesentence.Asecondkindofcluedoesnot_1

5、3_onspecificwordstoindicatemeaning.Thiskindofcontextclueiscalledaframework-basedclue.Yourknowledgeofthemeaningofsurroundingwords_14_youdiscoverthemeaningofawordorsentence.Common_15.andyourknowledgeofthepartsofspeechalsohelpdefiningunknownwords.Forexample,theangrydrivershoutedvehementlyduringhisfight

6、withtheotherdriver.Whatdoes“vehemently16?Youknowwhat_17_means,andyouknowhowpeople_18_whentheyargue.Fromthis,youcan_19_outthat“vehementlyhassomethingtodowithstrong20orintensefeeling.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了幾種在閱讀過(guò)程中學(xué)習(xí)生詞的方法和技巧。1.A.takedownBlookupCcomeacrossDpickout解析：選C有時(shí)候你在閱讀中所遇到的生詞的意思可以通過(guò)語(yǔ)境知道其含義。takedown“

7、記下”；lookup“查閱”；comeacross“遇見(jiàn)”；pickout“找出”。下文中的“Aftercomingacrossthewordafewmoretimes也是提示，故C項(xiàng)正確。CtopicsDsurroundings解析：選D根據(jù)“thatis”可知，此空與contexts是同義詞，與下文中的“Thewordsaroundtheunknownword和“Yourknowledgeofthemeaningofsurroundingwords呼應(yīng)，故D項(xiàng)正確。3A.unknownBabnormalCfamiliarDnegative解析：選A句子的語(yǔ)境可以告訴我們生詞的詞性。與上文中

8、的“unknownwords”呼應(yīng)可知，此處是指生詞，故A項(xiàng)正確。abnormal不正常的”；familiar熟悉的”；negative“負(fù)面的”。4A.uniqueBnaturalChelpfulDcommon解析：選C利用段落的語(yǔ)境來(lái)確定生詞也是有幫助的，與下文中的“ComnKmITandyourknowledgeofthepmsofspeechalwhelpdefiningunknovTiwords.呼應(yīng)故C項(xiàng)正礁I*5A.correctBinconvenientCdifferentDsatisfactory解析：選A讀者經(jīng)常遇到麻煩，因?yàn)樗麄冎鹱掷斫饩渥佣皇牵ɡ斫猓┮粋€(gè)詞的正確意思。

9、根據(jù)空格前的Readersoftenhavetrouble可推知，讀者沒(méi)有理解一個(gè)詞的正確意思，即A項(xiàng)正確。6A.casesBreasonsCeffectsDclues解析：選D生詞周圍的詞可以給你（提供）線索。與下文中的Comparisonclues”呼應(yīng)，故D項(xiàng)正確。7A.translateBinterviewCcontinueDexamine解析：選C一旦你知道了這個(gè)詞是名詞還是形容詞，那么你就可以不必停下來(lái)去查這個(gè)詞的意思而繼續(xù)讀下去。根據(jù)空格后的withouthavingtostop可知，此處應(yīng)用continue“繼續(xù),，故C項(xiàng)正確。8A.strangelyBuncertainlyC

10、potentiallyDfirmly解析：選Dstrangely奇怪地；uncertainly猶豫地；potentially潛在地；firmly堅(jiān)定地”。根據(jù)空格前的Aftercomingacrossthewordafewmoretimes可知，在生詞出現(xiàn)的頻率較高的情況下，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，讀者就可以更加確定其具體的含義，故D項(xiàng)正確。9A.alikeBmeaningfulCproperDgreat解析：選A比較性線索表明兩個(gè)或多個(gè)事物是相似的。根據(jù)下文中的Thelikeness可知，此處表示事物的相似性，故A項(xiàng)正確。CpossibilitiesDpersonalities解析：選B之所以可能作比較是

11、因?yàn)檎J(rèn)識(shí)的詞和不認(rèn)識(shí)的詞之間有相似性。根據(jù)下文中的“Thelikeness”可知，similarity“相似性”，符合語(yǔ)境。11A.PopularityBConsiderationCExample解析：選C項(xiàng)正確。DComparison例子線索會(huì)通過(guò)舉例來(lái)提示讀者。與空格后的“anexample”和“Exampleclues”呼應(yīng)，故C12A.affectedBadjustedCchangedDintroduced解析：選D例子線索通常通過(guò)以下詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)提出。affect“影響”；adjust“調(diào)整”；change“改變”;introduce提出”。故D項(xiàng)正確。13A.focusBspendC

12、carry解析：選DDrely另一種線索并不是室具體的訶來(lái)表明生訶的意思的。與上文ext遹赳圧形成對(duì)比,這種線索不是依賴上下文而得出詞義的，故二項(xiàng)正確。re：von:-依賴S符合語(yǔ)境。14A.preventsBhelpsCtellsDdisplays解析：選B你對(duì)附近的詞的意思的理解有助于你了解一個(gè)詞或一個(gè)句子的意思。故B項(xiàng)正確。15A.pointBtasteCawarenessDsense解析：選D常識(shí)和對(duì)詞性的了解也有助于（讀者）給生詞下定義。固定搭配：commonsense意為“常識(shí)”,符合語(yǔ)境，故D項(xiàng)正確。16A.meanBuseCcontainDcomplete解析：選A項(xiàng)正確?！皏

13、ehemently”是什么意思呢？與下文中的“Youknowwhat_17_means”形成呼應(yīng)，故A17A.angryBgratefulChappy解析：選ADanxious你知道angry是什么意思，而且你（也）知道人們?cè)跔?zhēng)辯時(shí)的感受。與上文中的“theangrydriver”呼應(yīng)，故A項(xiàng)正確。18A.actBsayCfeelDthink解析：選C根據(jù)上文中的“theangrydriver”和空格所在句中的“howpeople18whentheyargue”可推知，C項(xiàng)正確。1919A.comeBfigure1919A.comeBfigureDsetCDset解析：選B由此你可以弄清楚“v

14、ehemently”與強(qiáng)烈的情感或緊張的情緒有關(guān)。comeout“出現(xiàn)；出版”;figureout“弄明白；takeout“切除；setout出發(fā)”。Bambition20BambitionCattitudeDCattitude解析：選Ddemand要求二ambition野心attitude度二emotion1惰感J與語(yǔ)境：Lorintensefeeling1呼應(yīng)可知；此處表示情感，故D項(xiàng)正確。II.語(yǔ)法填空IwasonmywaytotheTaiyetosMountains.Thesunwassetting_1_mycarbrokedownneararemotevillage.Cursingm

15、y_2_(fortune),IwaswonderingwhereIwasgoingtospendthenightwhenIrealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundme_3_(argue)astowhoshouldhavethehonourofreceivingme_4.aguestintheirhouse.Finally,Iacceptedtheofferof_5_80-year-oldpeasantwomanwholivedaloneinalittlehouse.Whileshewasgettingmesettledintoatinybutcl

16、eanroom,theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorse_6_mycartopullittoasmalltownsome20kilometersaway_7_therewasagarage.Ihadnoticedthreehens_8_(run)freeinmyhostesscourtyardandthatnightoneofthemendedupinadishonmytable.Othervillagersbroughtmegoatscheeseandhoney.Wedranktogetherandtalked_9_(merry)tillfarintothe

17、night.Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinthevillage,IwantedtorewardtheoldwomanforthetroubleI10_(cause)her.Butsherefused.110.語(yǔ)篇解讀：“我”在去TaiyetosMountains的途中車子壞了，這時(shí)熱情的村民幫助了“我”。1when考查連詞。太陽(yáng)正要落山時(shí)“我”的車拋錨在一個(gè)偏遠(yuǎn)的村莊附近。2misfortune考查名詞?！拔摇敝淞R自己的不幸。3werearguing考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示“村民們圍著我在爭(zhēng)論誰(shuí)能有幸邀請(qǐng)到我這位客人”，故用過(guò)

18、去進(jìn)行時(shí)。4as考查介詞。asaguest“作為客人”。5.an考查冠詞。此處表示一位80歲的農(nóng)婦。因?yàn)?0的發(fā)音以元音音素開(kāi)頭，所以用an。6to考查介詞。村長(zhǎng)把他的馬綁到“我”的汽車上，將汽車?yán)ヒ粋€(gè)小鎮(zhèn)上的汽車修理廠。where考查定語(yǔ)從句。asmalltown作先行詞，所填詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，所以用where引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句。running考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。noticesb./sth.doingsth.注意到某人或某物正在做某事”，此處表示“我”看到三只母雞在女主人家的院子里跑著，結(jié)果晚上其中的一只就成了“我”桌子上的菜了。9.merrily考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾動(dòng)詞talked應(yīng)用副詞。1

19、0hadcaused考查時(shí)態(tài)。“帶來(lái)麻煩”發(fā)生在“想報(bào)答”之前，為過(guò)去的過(guò)去，所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。句意：“我”想報(bào)答那位老婦人，因?yàn)椤拔摇苯o她帶來(lái)了麻煩，但是她拒絕了。I.語(yǔ)法填空Davidwillneverforgetwhathappenedtohimthedaybeforeyesterday.He_1_(eat)somethingathomewhenhereceivedastrangephonecallfromahospital.Thecallersaidthathisson_2_(fall)tothegroundunconsciousonthewaytoschool.Itwashe_3_t

20、ookhimtothehospital.Davidhunguphiscellphoneandrushedtohissonsclassroom,onlytofindhimlisteningtotheteacherattentively.Hesuddenlyrealizedthathehadbeencheated,buthefelt4(relieve).Justatthattimethephonerangagain,saying,“Yoursonisingreatdangerandheneeds_5_immediateoperationwhichcosts48,000yuan.Thedoctors

21、heresaytheywillnotoperate_6_yoursonuntiltheyreceivethemoney.”When7(ask)fromwherethecallerhadtakenhissontohospital,thecallerrangoff.Davidgaveabigsmileandsaid,“Whatapity！”IfthecheaterthoughthecouldgetmoneyfromDavidinsucha_8_(honest)way,hewaswrong.Suchphonecallsarecommonthesedays.Afewofthemmighthavefal

22、lenvictimtosuchtricks.Mostparentsaresensitiveto_9_.Itwasreallysillytocheatwell-educatedmenlikeDavid.Believeitornot,itsatruestory.The_10_(colleague)inhisofficecanconfirmit,suchasTom,Peterandsoon.10.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。電話詐騙現(xiàn)象現(xiàn)已屢見(jiàn)不鮮，大衛(wèi)就遇到過(guò)一次。有人騙他說(shuō)他的兒子受傷入院，需要立刻交錢做手術(shù)。但是大衛(wèi)識(shí)破了騙子的伎倆。作者認(rèn)為，大多數(shù)家長(zhǎng)對(duì)此類騙局很敏感，去騙像大衛(wèi)這樣受過(guò)

23、良好教育的人很愚蠢。waseating考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。“bedoing.when.”是固定句型，意為“正在做這時(shí)，符合句意；由從句中的“received”可知，此處應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，故填waseating。hadfallen考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。因?yàn)閺木渲^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞fall”發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“said”之前，表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。故填hadfallen。whothat考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。句意：就是他把他i大衛(wèi)的兒子送到醫(yī)院的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句屬于強(qiáng)調(diào)句，被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分是句子的主語(yǔ)：he:o如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時(shí)，可以_用訶因或thmt。故填whothatorelived考查詞性輕換。句意：他突

24、然意識(shí)到自己被騙了，但是他感到如釋重員。h赳廣在本句中是系動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)用形容詞，故填relieved,意為-感到寬慰的，放心的Jan考查冠詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子大意可知，此處泛指?jìng)€(gè)手術(shù)二空格處應(yīng)填不定冠詞，由于：Limmediate:的讀音以元音音素幵頭；故填血。on考查介詞。operateonsb.是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“給某人做手術(shù)”。故填on。asked考查省略句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句屬于省略句，從句省略了“thecallerwas”。由于動(dòng)詞“ask”與其主語(yǔ)“thecaller”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填asked。dishonest考查形容詞。根據(jù)上段可知，打電話的人想騙大衛(wèi)的錢。由此填di

25、shonest,意為“不誠(chéng)實(shí)的，騙人的”。them考查代詞。短語(yǔ)besensitiveto意為“對(duì)敏感。由此結(jié)合上句可知，空格處缺少賓語(yǔ)them，代替前一句中的“suchtricks”。故填them。colleagues考查名詞的數(shù)。根據(jù)句中“suchasTom,Peterandsoon可知，本句說(shuō)的是好幾個(gè)同事，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。故填colleagues。II短文改錯(cuò)Oneyearago,IhadaspecialEnglishlessonholdattherailwaystation.ItwasquitedifferentfromtheregularEnglishclasseswewerefamil

26、iarto,forwehadnotextbooks,noblackboardornofixedseats.Gatheringattheentranceofthestation,wetoldtocollectasmanyEnglishwordsandsentencesaspossiblehere.Curiousandexcited,wewalkedaroundthestationandlookedeverywhere,searchforanyinformationinEnglish.WheneveranEnglishwordcomesintosight,theclasswouldburstintothecheersasifwehaddiscoveredanewworld.WiththeChinesetranslationandvividlypictures,wecouldfigureoutitsmeaningwithease.Now,thisunforgettablelessonstillencouragesmetobeanactivelearnerwhereIgo.答案：第一句：holdheld第二句：towith;orand第三句：we后加were;herethere第四句：searchsearching第五句：come