非謂語動(dòng)詞用法精講done市公開課金獎(jiǎng)市賽課一等獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

1、非 謂 語 動(dòng) 詞DOING DONE TO DO第1頁非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)名詞gerund不定式infinitive分詞participle第2頁非謂語動(dòng)詞1性質(zhì)：它含有動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，但在句子中起著名詞、形容詞、副詞作用，充當(dāng)主語、表語、定語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語作用，即：除謂語以外一切成份。第3頁2形式 不定式相當(dāng)于名詞、形容詞、副詞。充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語。動(dòng)名詞相當(dāng)于名詞充當(dāng)主語、表語、定語、賓語。分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞、副詞。作表語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語形成份第4頁 主語 定語 賓語 表語 狀語賓語補(bǔ) 足語不定式 過去分詞 v-ing 形式 第5頁3語態(tài)：必須搞清邏輯主語與非

2、謂語動(dòng)詞關(guān)系，從而來確定非謂語動(dòng)詞態(tài)語態(tài)。 第6頁 過 去 分 詞DONE第7頁動(dòng)詞ed形式也是非謂語動(dòng)詞一個(gè)，它含有動(dòng)詞一些特點(diǎn)，同時(shí)也含有形容詞、副詞句法功效，在句中可用作表語、定語、狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足等。1 動(dòng)詞ed形式表示已完成動(dòng)作。除了作形容詞用動(dòng)詞-ed形式外，動(dòng)詞-ed形式可帶有完成意義，有同時(shí)也帶有被動(dòng)意義。Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology. One of the glasses was found broken. The books, written by Lu Xun, ar

3、e popular with many Chinese people.第8頁2 及物動(dòng)詞ed形式普通表示被動(dòng)意思。Given more time, I could have solved that riddle.When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood.The experience gained in the army was of great value to our study.3 不及物動(dòng)詞ed形式只表示完成意義，并不帶有被動(dòng)含義。an escaped prisoner 逃犯 = a prisoner who

4、has escapeda retired worker 退休工人= a worker who has retireda newly arrived guest 新來客人= a guest who has just arrivedPeople should pay attention to the changed situation.第9頁 A 動(dòng)詞ed形式作表語 1 動(dòng)詞ed形式在連系動(dòng)詞后作表語，說明主語狀態(tài)。The students are fully prepared. When we got there, the shop was closed.比較要把動(dòng)詞-ed形式作表語和被動(dòng)語態(tài)區(qū)

5、分開來。作表語-ed形式表示狀態(tài)，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。 Peter the Great is buried here. Peter the Great was buried here in 1725. 2 同一動(dòng)詞ed形式與ing形式作表語時(shí)區(qū)分。動(dòng)詞-ed形式作表語，主要表示主語心理感覺或所處狀態(tài)，含有被動(dòng)意思， 動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語多表示主語含有特征，含有主動(dòng)意思。第10頁They were frightened to hear the frightening sound.At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present

6、were moved.比較：amusing 使人高興 amused 開心encouraging 鼓舞人心 encouraged 受勉勵(lì)disappointing 令人失望 disappointed 失望exciting 使人激動(dòng) excited 激動(dòng)puzzling 迷惑人 puzzled 迷惑satisfying 令人滿意 satisfied 感到滿意Worrying 令人煩惱 worried 煩惱tiring 引發(fā)疲勞 tired 疲勞pleasing 令人愉快 pleased 高興astonishing 令人詫異 astonished 詫異第11頁1）分詞與動(dòng)名詞作表語時(shí)區(qū)分：1.Our

7、 plan is _finishing_( finish ) the task before May.2. Toms job was _guarding_( guard ) the factory.3. His lecture is interesting (interest ), which made us interested ( interest ).4. The situation is encouraging( encourage).第12頁 B 動(dòng)詞ed形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語看成賓語補(bǔ)足語動(dòng)詞和前面賓語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，普通應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ed形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。1 在感覺動(dòng)詞see, hear

8、, feel, notice, watch, find等后作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 I heard the Ninth Symphony played last night. We found all the rivers seriously polluted.比較動(dòng)詞get后也可接動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，和賓語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。I couldnt get the car to start this morning. He got his sister to help him with his clothes. It is not hard to get him talking; the p

9、roblem is stopping him!第13頁2 在使役動(dòng)詞get, have, make, leave, keep等后作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 動(dòng)詞-ed形式作get賓語補(bǔ)足語。Doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital.Ill just get these dishes washed and then Ill come. 動(dòng)詞-ed形式作make賓語補(bǔ)足語。He raised his voice in order to make himself heard. You should make your views known to th

10、e public. 動(dòng)詞-ed形式作keep或leave賓語補(bǔ)足語。They all went home, leaving all the work undone.The detective and his assistant kept themselves locked in the room all night.第14頁比較動(dòng)詞get后也可接動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，和賓語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。I couldnt get the car to start this morning. It is not hard to get him talking; the problem is s

11、topping him! Can you really get that old clock going again?點(diǎn)津坊動(dòng)詞make后賓語補(bǔ)足語可用不帶to動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)詞-ed形式，但不可用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。【誤】Can you make the students understanding the text?【正】Can you make the students understand the text? 【正】Can you make the text understood by the students? 第15頁 使役動(dòng)詞have后既可接動(dòng)詞-ed形式，也可接動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)詞-i

12、ng形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。三者之間有一定區(qū)分。have不定式動(dòng)作由have賓語發(fā)出， 表示讓某人做某事Im going to have the teacher answer this question after class.1. 讓某人做某事或讓某種情況發(fā)生。He had the car waiting outside.2. 慣用于否定結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“不容忍”、“不能讓”。We wont have the child talking to his mother like that.第16頁 使役動(dòng)詞have后既可接動(dòng)詞-ed形式，也可接動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。三者之間有一定區(qū)分。H

13、ave1. 賓語和補(bǔ)足語之間有邏輯上被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示某事由他人做。*Where did you have your hair cut?2. 表示主語遭到某種不幸或陷入惡劣環(huán)境。*The house had its roof blown off.3. 完成某事(自己也可能參加)。*He has had one thousand yuan saved. 4. 否定式表示“不允許”。*I wont have anything said against her.第17頁3 動(dòng)詞ed形式也可用在with (without) 結(jié)構(gòu)中，作介詞賓語補(bǔ)足語。With everything well arrange

14、d, he left the office.She has come back with her backpack filled with interesting picture-books. Without any more time given, we couldnt finish the task in three weeks.4 一些動(dòng)詞后(如want, need, prefer, would like等)，作賓語補(bǔ)足語不定式被動(dòng)形式省略“to be”，就成了動(dòng)詞ed形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。I would like this matter (to be) settled immediatel

15、y. The peasants dont want good farmland (to be) built on.第18頁3）現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語區(qū)分： +sb do (經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作) +sb doing sth. （正在進(jìn)行） +sth done （被動(dòng)） 1.I used to see these boys _( play ) on the playground.2.I saw them _( play ) the computer this afternoon.3.She was surprised to find the house _( break ) into when s

16、he went back home.第19頁4. Unfortunately, he got his wallet _( steal ) on the bus.5. He wont have us _( criticize ) him.6. Its a bad habit to leave the work _( undo ).7. Yesterday I caught him _( take ) my dictionary when I went into the classroom.第20頁 C 動(dòng)詞ed形式作定語 1 前置定語單個(gè)動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語普通放在被修飾名詞之前。 A watc

17、hed pot never boils. 心急鍋不開。 All the broken doors and windows have been repaired. 全部壞門窗都修好了。 我們抵達(dá)時(shí)候，每人被發(fā)給了一份印制好試卷When we arrived, we each were given a printed question paper.提示如要表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，單個(gè)動(dòng)詞-ed形式也可作后置定語。Money spent is more than money earned.入不敷出。第21頁2 后置定語作后置定語動(dòng)詞-ed形式普通都帶有修飾語或其它成份，在語法上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。We have

18、read many novels written by this author. (= that are written by this author)Half of the honoured guests invited to the reception were foreign ambassadors. (= who had been invited to the reception)The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. (= which was attended by one thousand stu

19、dents)A woman, dressed like a lawyer, came in and took her seat as judge. (= who was dressed like a lawyer)第22頁3 動(dòng)詞ed形式作定語和ing形式作定語區(qū)分動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語表示動(dòng)作已完成，而動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語表示動(dòng)詞正在進(jìn)行。the risen sun升起了太陽 the rising sun正在升起太陽boiled water開水 boiling water正沸騰水fallen leaves落葉 falling leaves正在飄落葉子changed condition改變了情

20、況changing condition改變著情況第23頁4） 分詞作定語： 1. Do you know the man _(speak ) at the meeting? 2. Do you know the man _( praise ) at the meeting? 3. The building _( put ) up last now is our library. 4. The building _( put ) up now will be our new company. 第24頁5. The building _( put ) up next year will be ou

21、r new company.6. There was an old temple _ ( stand ) at the top of the hill.7. There is a sports meeting _ ( hold ) next Tuesday.8. There was an old man _( live ) in the village.第25頁 D 動(dòng)詞ed形式作狀語動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語和動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語一樣，也能夠表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。1 表示時(shí)間動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語表示時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。Seen from the tower, t

22、he city looks beautiful.(= When the city is seen from the tower.)Shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.(= After we had been shown the lab .)Completely examined by the doctors, he went back to school right away.(= After he was completely examined.)第26頁點(diǎn)津坊有時(shí)動(dòng)詞-ed形式前可加連詞when, while等來強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間概念。On

23、ce recovered, he went all out to do his work.When asked why she was late for class again, she hung her head in shame.Once started, the clock will go half a month and keep good time.第27頁2 表示原因動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語表示原因，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句。Moved by the heroic deeds, the children couldnt help crying. (= Since they were mo

24、ved by the heroic deeds .)Written in haste, her letter is very hard to read.(= As it was written in haste .)Excited by the new discovery, we decided to go out and celebrate.(= Because we were excited by.)第28頁3 表示條件動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語表示條件，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句。Heated, water changes into steam.(= If water is heated.)Giv

25、en more time, he would be able to do better.(= If he was given more time .)Compared with other professors, she was an excellent speaker. (= If she was compared with other protessors.)company. 第29頁3 表示條件點(diǎn)津坊為了使-ed形式表示條件、動(dòng)詞讓步意義愈加顯著，我們能夠加上適當(dāng)連詞。Even if invited, I wont go. Though beaten by the opposite te

26、am, they did not lose heart. Unless invited, he will not come back to the company. 第30頁4 表示讓步動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語表示讓步，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)though/although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.(= Although they were exhausted by the running .)Laughed at by many people, he continued his resear

27、ch.(= Even if he was laughed by many people .)第31頁4 表示讓步點(diǎn)津坊有時(shí)動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語和動(dòng)詞-ing形式被動(dòng)式作狀語，并沒有多大區(qū)分，能夠交換。Suddenly seized with a high fever, he was unable to attend school.= Being suddenly seized with a high fever, he was unable to attend school.Brought up in the countryside, he found it hard to get used

28、to town life.= Having been brought up in the countryside, he found it hard to get used to town life.第32頁5 表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說明動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說明時(shí)，通常位于句子后面，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列分句。The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students.(= and he was surrounded by the students)He went into the office, followed by s

29、ome children.(= and he was followed by some children)點(diǎn)津坊動(dòng)詞-ed形式在句中不能用作主語或賓語。 【誤】I cannot stand laughed at.【正】I cannot stand being laughed at. 【誤】Invited to the state banquet is a great honour.【正】To be invited to the state banquet is a great honour. 第33頁A)1._(see ) those picture, he couldnt help thin

30、king of those days in Yanan.2._( turn ) round, Fanny found an ambulance driving up.3_( water ) the vegetables, they began to pick up the apples.4._( finish ) the work, he went back home on foot.5._( inspire ) by Dr. Chens speech, they decided to study maths harder.6._( persuade) by her mother, she g

31、ladly went there alone. 第34頁7.Warmly _( praise ) for his work, he was too excited to fall asleep.8._( surround), the enemy found nowhere to hide and had to give up.9.Once _( arm ), we are afraid of nothing.10.While _( cross )the street, look out for cars.11.While_( criticize ),she cried.12.She came

32、earlier than _( expect).13.Everything goes well as _( plan ).14._( give ) more time, we are sure to do it better.第35頁判斷以下對或錯(cuò)：1. Seeing from the hill, the city looks more beautiful.2. Leaving at home, the little girl felt much afraid.將上列1-14句分詞部分改成從句：第36頁(動(dòng)詞ed形式邏輯主語) A 動(dòng)詞ed形式作狀語或表語時(shí)1 動(dòng)詞-ed形式在句中作狀語或表語

33、時(shí)，它邏輯主語普通來說就是句子主語，動(dòng)詞-ed形式和主語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Locked up, he had no way to escape.Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.She became discouraged at the news. B 動(dòng)詞ed形式作定語時(shí)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞-ed形式在句中作定語時(shí)，它邏輯主語是被它修飾名詞，它和名詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out

34、in the 16th century.第37頁C 動(dòng)詞ed形式在句中作賓語補(bǔ)足語或主語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，它邏輯主語是句子主語或賓語，它們之間關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Vivien got her fingers trapped in the bicycle chain.(trapped邏輯主語是句子賓語fingers)The valuable vase was found stolen.(stolen邏輯主語是句子主語vase)We got home only to find the whole house turned upside down. Thieves obviously had broken in

35、.(turned up side down邏輯主語是句子賓語house)第38頁D 動(dòng)詞ed形式有時(shí)可有獨(dú)立邏輯主語動(dòng)詞-ed形式有時(shí)可有其獨(dú)立邏輯主語，慣用作狀語 Everything done, we went home.All our money run out, Henry had to find another job.E 動(dòng)詞ed形式作獨(dú)立成份動(dòng)詞-ed形式一些固定詞組也可在句中作獨(dú)立成份，不受邏輯主語限制。Put frankly, I dont agree with what he said.Given the general state of his health, it may ta