高中化學(xué)基礎(chǔ)概念理論總結(jié)Theoreticalsummaryofbasicconcepts

1、高中化學(xué)基礎(chǔ)概念理論總結(jié)（Theoretical summary of basic concepts in senior high school chemistry）Theoretical summary of basic concepts in senior high school chemistry 1. oxides that react with water to produce acids are acidic oxides The error is that an oxide that produces only acid can be defined as an acid oxi

2、de The greater the bond energy in 2. molecules, the more stable the molecular chemical properties. Correct 3. the metal activity order in which the metal in front of hydrogen can displace hydrogen from the acid solution Error, Sn, Pb and other reactions weak acid almost does not react; are not obvio

3、us, encountered while in the strong oxidizing acid may not get H2, such as nitric acid 4. the substance that reacts with the acid and reacts with the base is either an amphoteric oxide or an amphoteric hydroxide Errors such as SiO2 can react with HF/NaOH at the same time, but it is an acid oxide 5.

4、atom of the outermost layer of e- is less than or equal to 2 is a metal atom; the outer metal atom electron number is 1/2/3/4/5/6/7 Wrong, outside the atomic nucleus of the outermost layer of e- is less than or equal to 2 can be He, H and other non metal atoms; the outer metal atom electron number i

5、s 1/2/3/4/5/6, 117 metal elements in the outermost layer of 7e- has no clear conclusion 6. nonmetal atoms are weak in oxidation, and the reducibility of their anions is stronger Correct 7. of the total number of protons, the same two kinds of particles have the same number of electrons can be: 1 ato

6、ms; 2 atoms and molecules; 3 molecules and molecules of atoms and ions; 4; 5 molecules and ions; 6 anion and cation cation 7; He Yang ion Error, these groups are not: 4 atoms and ions; 5 molecules and ions; 6 anions and cations; 7 cations and cations 8., salt and alkali react to produce new salts an

7、d bases; acids and bases react only to produce salts and water Wrong, such as 10HNO3+3Fe OH 2=3Fe NO3 3+NO = +8H2O The two acids of 9.pH=2 and pH=4 are mixed, and the pH value of the mixture must be between 2 and 4 Wrong, such as 2H2S+H2SO3=3S: +3H2O 10. strong electrolytes are ionic in the ionic eq

8、uation The strong electrolyte and H2SO4 that are insoluble in water should be written as molecules The 11. ionization compounds only H+ cation can make purple litmus red Wrong, like water 12. formic acid ionization equation is: HCOOH=H+ + COOH- Error first, ionization is reversible, followed by form

9、ate ion should be HCOO- 13. ionic crystals are ionic compounds, and molecular crystals are covalent compounds Many molecules are elementary substances 14. generally, metal oxides, colloidal particles of metal hydroxides, are positively charged Correct In the 15. element periodic table, the number of

10、 elements in each cycle satisfies 2n2 n is the natural number Yes, note that n is not a periodic ordinal The strong solution of the 16. strong electrolyte is stronger than the concentrated solution of the weak electrolyte A weak solution with a strong electrolyte solubility, concentrated solution wi

11、th a weak electrolyte due to incomplete ionization, a weak conductivity, such as a saturated solution of BaSO4 In the 17. standard, the total number of carbon atoms in CO and CO2 mixed with 22.4L at any proportion is about NA Correct 18. at the same pressure, with the quality of two kinds of gas vol

12、ume ratio is equal to two kinds of inverse gas density Correct The diameter of the ultrafine powder particles in the 19. nanometer material is in the same order of magnitude as that of the colloidal particles Correct, both are 10-100nm When 20.1molOH- discharges completely during electrolysis, the c

13、ircuit passes through NA electrons Right, 4OH- + O2 = 4e- = 2H2O 21. the amount of Na2SO3, Na2S, NaHSO3 and H2SO3 in the same volume and mass concentration decreases in turn Correct, it is suggested that the conservation of electricity from the angle of understanding The relative atomic mass of 22.

14、carbon -12 is 12, and the molar mass of carbon -12 is 12g/mol Correct 23., electrolysis, electrophoresis, ionization and electrochemical corrosion all need to be carried out under electrified conditions, all of which are chemical changes Error, ionization does not require energization, electrochemic

15、al corrosion itself produces local current, electrophoresis is a physical change Twenty-four Oil, starch, protein, phenol, ethylene, nitroglycerin, sodium alum, Al2S3, Mg3N2, CaC2, etc. under certain conditions can undergo hydrolysis Error, ethylene hydrolysis The presence of K+ and Cl- 25. potassiu

16、m chloride crystal; sodium peroxide in the presence of Na+ and O- for 1:1; Si, O atoms exist only in quartz The error in Na+ and O2 2-, sodium hydroxide 2:1, without O-, the presence of impurities in quartz 26., NA NO2 gas molecules in a standard condition, the volume of about 22.4L Error, NO2 will

17、partially double poly as N2O4 27. at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, 32g oxygen contains NA oxygen molecules; 60gSiO2 contains NA molecules, 3NA atoms Error, there are no molecules in SiO2 28. particles that make up molecular crystals must contain covalent bonds A rare gas in solid state

18、in the form of a monatomic molecule crystal 29., colloids produce electrophoresis, so colloids do not carry charges Error, colloid with charge The smaller the pH value of the 30. solution is, the more hydrogen ion it contains Error does not indicate volume 31. only anions exist in ionic compounds Er

19、ror. The anions in the solution exist in the form of hydration The melting of 32. atomic crystals requires destruction of polar bonds or nonpolar covalent bonds Correct 33.NH3, Cl2, SO2 and so on are all non electrolytes Error, Cl2 is neither electrolyte nor non electrolyte The melting point of 34.

20、molecule crystals is not necessarily lower than that of metal crystals Right. For example, Hg is liquid at normal temperature 35., the melting point of the same primary group elements does not necessarily rise from top to bottom, but the melting point of the hydride rises The melting point of hydrides is not necessarily higher than that of hydrogen bonds 36. after electrolysis of copper sulfate solution or silver nitrate solution, the acidity of the solution