新高考版英語高中總復(fù)習(xí)專題十七《主從復(fù)合句（講解練）》教與學(xué)

1、專題十七主從復(fù)合句高考英語課標(biāo)導(dǎo)航主從復(fù)合句主從復(fù)合句由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成。主句為句子的主體,從句只用作句子的一個(gè)次要成分,不能獨(dú)立成為一個(gè)句子。從句通常由關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo),并由關(guān)聯(lián)詞將從句和主句聯(lián)系在一起。從句按其在復(fù)合句中的作用分為定語從句、名詞性從句(賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)和狀語從句。第一節(jié)定語從句考點(diǎn)清單在主從復(fù)合句中,修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。高考?？键c(diǎn)詳解一、限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句從句類型用法關(guān)系詞例句限制性定語從句對先行詞起限制作用,是先行詞不可缺少的定語,如果去掉,主句的意義就會(huì)不完整、不明確或失去意義;與主句關(guān)系密切,書寫時(shí)不用逗

2、號與主句隔開that、which、who、whom、whose、when、where、whyPeople who take physical exercise live longer. 進(jìn)行體育鍛煉的人活得長些。從句類型用法關(guān)系詞例句非限制性定語從句只對先行詞起補(bǔ)充說明的作用,和主句關(guān)系不是很密切,即使去掉,主句的意思仍然清晰,往往用逗號與主句隔開;不能用that引導(dǎo),關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)也不能省略which、who、whom、whose、when、whereHis daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女兒現(xiàn)在在波士

3、頓,下星期回家。續(xù)表二、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞代替前面的先行詞,在定語從句中作主語、賓語或定語等,其用法具體如下:關(guān)系代詞指代作用例句which物、句子主語、賓語The work which has just been finished is very important.剛剛完成的那項(xiàng)工作很重要。The book, which I bought yesterday, is very instructive. 我昨天買的那本書很有教育意義。that人、物主語、賓語I know a foreigner that is from Japan.我認(rèn)識一個(gè)來自日本的外國人。This is th

4、e pen (that) I wrote the letter with.這是我寫信時(shí)用的那支鋼筆。關(guān)系代詞指代作用例句who人主語、賓語She is the girl who lives next door.她就是住在隔壁的那個(gè)女孩。The people (who)we met in France have sent us a card. 我們在法國結(jié)識的人給我們寄來了一張賀卡。whom人賓語I happened to meet the professor(whom) I got to know at a party in the shopping center yesterday.昨天在購

5、物中心,我碰巧遇見了那位我在一次聚會(huì)上認(rèn)識的教授。whose人、物定語This is the scientist whose achievements are well-known.這就是那位成就卓著的科學(xué)家。This is the house whose window broke last night.這就是昨晚窗戶碎了的那所房子。續(xù)表that只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。在限制性定語從句中關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)可以省略,在非限制性定語從句中不可省略。三、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句當(dāng)關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語時(shí),要用關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系副詞指代作用例句when時(shí)間狀語I still rem

6、ember the day when I first came to Beijing.我還記得我第一次來北京的那一天。where地點(diǎn)Can you tell me the office where he works?你能告訴我他工作的辦公室在哪兒嗎?why原因Do you know the reason why he was late?你知道他遲到的原因嗎?關(guān)系副詞why只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句。當(dāng)先行詞為situation、case、stage、point等,且關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語時(shí),要用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。They have reached the point where they

7、have to separate from each other.他們已經(jīng)到了必須分手的地步。課標(biāo)必備點(diǎn)梳理一、as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句(1)as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時(shí)主要用于the same.as.、such.as.和so.as.結(jié)構(gòu)中。as在定語從句中既可指人也可指物,在從句中常可作主語、賓語和表語。We have found such materials as are used in their factory.我們已經(jīng)找到了像他們工廠里用的這些材料。(as在從句中作主語)These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.

8、這些房子以人們期望的這樣低的價(jià)格出售了。(as在從句中作賓語)He is not the same man as he was. 他和過去不同了。(as在從句中作表語)(2)as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,其先行詞是整個(gè)主句,譯成“正如,正像”。As everybody knows, Shakespeare is a famous writer. 每個(gè)人都知道,莎士比亞是個(gè)著名的作家。二、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句(一)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),關(guān)系代詞常用which (指物)或whom(指人),即“介詞+which/whom”。1.當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時(shí),關(guān)系代詞which或wh

9、om不能省略。In the dark street, there wasnt a single person, to whom she could turn for help. 在黑暗的街道上,沒有一個(gè)她可以求助的人。2.在限制性定語從句中,當(dāng)介詞位于定語從句的末尾時(shí),可用that/which(指物)或that/whom/who(指人)作介詞的賓語,而且作介詞賓語的關(guān)系代詞可以省略。This is the hero we are proud of.這是那個(gè)我們引以為榮的英雄。3.“名詞/代詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)此類結(jié)構(gòu)常見的有:some/several/a few/a little/many

10、/more/most+of+which/whom等形式。Here are the questions, some of which I think are difficult for you.這兒有些問題,其中一些我認(rèn)為對你來說是難的。 (二)關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定1.依據(jù)定語從句中動(dòng)詞的某種習(xí)慣搭配來確定。I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money that I saved. 我買了很多書,這些書花了我積攢的所有的錢。2.依據(jù)先行詞的某種習(xí)慣搭配來確定。Ill never forget the time during w

11、hich I spent my childhood in the country.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記孩童時(shí)期我在鄉(xiāng)村度過的時(shí)光。 She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction of which had taken more than three years.她帶領(lǐng)游客們參觀了這個(gè)博物館,建設(shè)這個(gè)博物館花了三年多的時(shí)間。 3.根據(jù)所表達(dá)的意思來確定。The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.這種無色的氣體稱為氧氣,離了它我們不能存活。 易混易

12、錯(cuò)點(diǎn)突破一、定語從句中關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的比較引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞除了起連接主句和從句的作用外,它們還有一個(gè)最重要的作用,那就是它們分別在定語從句中作成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語、賓語、定語或表語依據(jù)定語從句中所缺少的成分確定選用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中作狀語試比較下面的句子:(1)Do you still remember the days (that/which) we spent in Qingdao?你還記得我們在青島度過的日子嗎?(2)Do you still remember the days when we spent the summer hol

13、idays in Qingdao?你還記得我們在青島過暑假的日子嗎?在句(1)中,定語從句中缺賓語,因此可用關(guān)系代詞that/which來引導(dǎo)從句,也可省略;在句(2)中,定語從句中缺時(shí)間狀語,因此需用關(guān)系副詞when來引導(dǎo)從句。二、關(guān)系代詞that和which1.限制性定語從句中用關(guān)系代詞that不能用which的情況:當(dāng)先行詞為all, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one, little, few等時(shí)Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?你有什么為自己說的嗎?當(dāng)先行

14、詞被the only, the very(恰恰,正好),any, ev-ery, some, all, much, few, little, no, the right, the last等詞修飾時(shí)The only thing that we can do is (to)give you some money.我們唯一能做的事情就是給你一些錢。當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)This is the best way that has been used against pol-lution.這是已經(jīng)用過的抗污染的最好的辦法。當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)This train is

15、 the first(one)that will go to Suzhou.這是去蘇州的第一趟火車。當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?你知道他們正在談?wù)摰娜撕褪聠?2.當(dāng)先行詞指事/物時(shí),定語從句中關(guān)系代詞用which不用that的情況:在非限制性定語從句中He passed the exam, which made his parents very happy.他通過了考試,這讓他的父母非常高興。在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中This is the house in which Lu

16、 Xun once lived.這是魯迅曾住過的房子。先行詞后面有插入語時(shí)Here is the English grammar book which, as Ive told you, will help you improve your English.這就是我告訴過你的那本英語語法書,它能幫你提高英語。先行詞本身為that時(shí)Whats that which flashed through the sky just now?剛才在天空中一閃而過的是什么?第二節(jié)名詞性從句考點(diǎn)清單高考?？键c(diǎn)詳解一、名詞性從句概述及引導(dǎo)詞名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞,包括賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。其引導(dǎo)

17、詞如下表所示: 引導(dǎo)詞語法功能連接副詞when, why, where, how在從句中主要作狀語,有時(shí)可作表語連接代詞what(ever), which(ever), who(ever), whom(ever),whose在從句中作主語、表語、賓語或定語從屬連詞that,whether,if在從句中不充當(dāng)成分二、連接副詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句名詞性從句例句主語從句Why he is often absent from class is a mystery.他為什么經(jīng)常逃課是個(gè)謎。It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我們在哪兒

18、開會(huì)都無所謂。(It為形式主語,where we shall have the meeting為真正主語)賓語從句I cant imagine how he did it.我不能想象他是如何做的這件事。(從句作及物動(dòng)詞imagine的賓語)It all depends on how we solve the problem.這完全要看我們?nèi)绾谓鉀Q這個(gè)問題。(從句作介詞on的賓語)表語從句The problem is where we should stay.問題是我們應(yīng)該待在哪里。三、連接代詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞用法例句what=the thing(s) that.,意為:的東西What t

19、hey need (=The thing that they need)is a good textbook.他們需要的是一本好課本。whatever=anything that.,意為:的任何東西Whatever he likes(=Anything that he likes)will be given to him.他喜歡的任何東西都會(huì)給他。whichever=any member of a group of peo-ple or things that.,意為:(在某范圍之內(nèi))的任何人、物Whichever book he bought would be paid for.(這些書中)

20、無論他買哪一本書都要付款。It doesnt matter to me whichever you choose.你選擇哪一個(gè)對我來說都無所謂。whoever=anyone who.,意為:的任何人Whoever (=Anyone who) did this job must be rewarded.干這項(xiàng)工作的任何人一定會(huì)得到報(bào)酬。四、連接詞that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句(一)that從句作主語that從句作主語時(shí),常用it作形式主語 句型例句It+be+形容詞(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely

21、,certain,prob-able,etc.)+that 從句It is certain that she will do well in her exam.可以肯定她會(huì)考得很好。It+be+名詞(詞組)(no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,etc.)+that 從句Its no surprise that our team has won the game.我們隊(duì)已經(jīng)贏了那場比賽并不令人驚奇。It+be+過去分詞(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arrange

22、d,etc.)+that從句It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.據(jù)說格林先生已經(jīng)到北京了。It+動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(seem, appear, happen, matter, turn out, prove, occur,etc.)+that從句It happened that he was out.他碰巧出去了。It proves that he is silly.事實(shí)證明他很愚蠢。(二)that從句作賓語1.that從句可作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語 結(jié)構(gòu)例句及物動(dòng)詞、be sure等+that從句Do you know(that)he has

23、joined the army?你知道他參軍了嗎?及物動(dòng)詞+it+賓補(bǔ)+that從句He has made it clear that he will not give in.他不會(huì)屈服的,這一點(diǎn)他已經(jīng)明確表示了。結(jié)構(gòu)例句in/except+that從句He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless.他是個(gè)好學(xué)生,就是有點(diǎn)兒粗心。He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading.他和他的同學(xué)不同的地方在于他把業(yè)余時(shí)間用

24、在了讀書上。其他介詞+it+that從句You may depend on it that I shall always help you.你要相信我會(huì)一直幫助你的。2.that從句作介詞賓語 (三)that引導(dǎo)的表語從句that從句作表語,that一般不省略。My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 oclock tomorrow morning.我的決定是我們所有人明天早上6點(diǎn)出發(fā)。The reason why he was late was that his car broke down on the way. 他遲到的原因是他的車在

25、路上拋錨了。五、whether/if(是否)引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句1.whether/if(是否)引導(dǎo)的主語從句條件引導(dǎo)詞例句放于句首whetherWhether the meeting will be held is still a problem.是否要開會(huì)仍然是個(gè)問題。it作形式主語,主語從句置于句末與or not直接連用It makes no difference whether or not he comes.他是否來無關(guān)緊要。與表示選擇的or連用It makes no difference whether he comes or leaves.他是來還是去無關(guān)緊要。與or not不直接連

26、用whether或ifIt makes no difference whether/if he comes or not. 他是否來無關(guān)緊要。2.whether/if(是否)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞條件例句只用whether不用if與or not直接連用I dont care whether or not he comes.我不在乎他是否來。作介詞賓語It depends on whether you can do the work well.那取決于你是否能做好這項(xiàng)工作。作discuss的賓語We are discussing whether we will accept his offer.我

27、們正討論是否接受他的幫助。引導(dǎo)詞條件例句if或whether均可與表示選擇的or連用I dont care whether/if he will leave or stay.我不在乎他是去還是留。賓語從句中不含or(not)He didnt tell me if/whether he would come.他沒告訴我他是否來。與or not不直接連用I dont care whether/if he comes or not. 我不在乎他是否來。續(xù)表3.whether(是否)引導(dǎo)的表語從句 The problem is whether the meeting will be held.問題是這

28、個(gè)會(huì)議是否將要舉行。課標(biāo)必備點(diǎn)梳理同位語從句對前面的名詞作進(jìn)一步的解釋,說明其內(nèi)容的句子叫作同位語從句,常放在evidence、doubt、fact、idea、news、decision、thought、hope、belief、truth、suggestion、warning、message、feeling、reason、report、question等名詞后。引導(dǎo)詞例句連接詞thatI hold a firm belief that we will win the match. 我堅(jiān)信我們將贏得這場比賽。whetherWe are faced with the problem whether

29、 we should continue the work. 我們面臨著是否應(yīng)該繼續(xù)這項(xiàng)工作的問題。引導(dǎo)詞例句連接代詞what, who, which, whoseI have no idea who will help us out. 我不知道誰會(huì)幫我們。The question what we should do next requires consideration. 我們下一步應(yīng)該做什么的問題需要考慮。連接副詞when, why, where, howI have no idea why he didnt accept the present. 我不知道為什么他不接受禮物。We have

30、nt made the decision where we will spend the summer holiday. 我們還沒有決定在哪里度暑假。續(xù)表易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)突破一、that與what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)的區(qū)別二、why 與 because 引導(dǎo)表語從句的用法區(qū)別why與because均可引導(dǎo)表語從句,但前者強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果,后者強(qiáng)調(diào)原因。I had a cold. Thats why I didnt attend school.我感冒了,因此我沒上學(xué)。I didnt attend school. Thats because I had a cold. 我沒上學(xué),那是因?yàn)槲腋忻傲恕hat不可省略(

31、賓語從句除外),在從句中不作成分,沒有詞義That he will succeed is obvious. 顯然,他會(huì)成功。what不可省略,在從句中作成分,有詞義(一般指的東西/事情/人/時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)/話等)What she told me is not true. 她所告訴我的都不是真的。動(dòng)詞doubt肯定形式使用whether/if引導(dǎo)賓語從句,如:I doubt whether/if its true.我懷疑它是否是真實(shí)的。否定形式使用that引導(dǎo)賓語從句,如:I dont doubt that you are honest.我不懷疑你的誠實(shí)。名詞doubt肯定形式使用whether引導(dǎo)

32、名詞性從句,如:I have some doubt whether he will come.他是否會(huì)來,我有點(diǎn)疑問。否定形式使用that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,如:There is no doubt that we will win.毫無疑問,我們會(huì)贏。三、doubt后的名詞性從句第三節(jié)狀語從句考點(diǎn)清單高考?？键c(diǎn)詳解一、時(shí)間狀語從句(一)before和since1.若表達(dá)“還未就;不到就;才;還沒來得及就”時(shí),需用連詞beforeWe had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.我們航行了四天四夜才看到陸地。We hadnt run

33、 a mile before he felt tired.我們跑了還不到一英里他就感到累了。Before I could get in a word,he had measured me.我還沒來得及插話,他就給我量好了尺寸。2.before從句中謂語不用否定式Before they reached the station,the train had gone.他們到火車站前(他們還沒到火車站),火車就已開走了。3.“It will be/was+一段時(shí)間+before.”常翻譯成:才;就It was half a year before I came back.半年后我才回來。It wont

34、 be long before we meet again.過不了多長時(shí)間我們就會(huì)再見面了。4.since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí),意為“自從”since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句I have written home four times since I came here.自從我來到這兒,我已經(jīng)給家里寫過四次信了。She has been working in this factory since she left school.她離開學(xué)校以后就一直在這個(gè)工廠工作。5.在“It is+一段時(shí)間+since從句”句型中,since引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞若是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,常理解為某一狀態(tài)的終止;若是終止性動(dòng)詞,則

35、理解為某一動(dòng)作的開始It is three years since the war broke out.(終止性動(dòng)詞)自戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)以來已有三年了。It is three years since I smoked(=since I stopped smoking).(延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)我不吸煙已有三年了。如果譯成“我吸煙已有三年了”,應(yīng)為:It is three years since I began to smoke.(終止性動(dòng)詞)(二)when, while和as 1.從屬連詞when既可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作,也可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作;可用于主句動(dòng)作和從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,也可用于從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生

36、When I lived there,I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.我住在那里時(shí),星期天常到海濱去。When the film ended,the people went back.電影一結(jié)束,看電影的人便回去了。2.從屬連詞while引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作必須是持續(xù)性的,側(cè)重主句動(dòng)作和從句動(dòng)作相對比Please dont talk so loud while others are working.別人在工作時(shí)請別那么大聲談話。3.從屬連詞as可表示從句和主句的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作交替進(jìn)行或同時(shí)完成,可譯為“一邊,一邊”或“隨著”He hurried home,loo

37、king behind as he went.他匆匆忙忙回家去,一邊走一邊回頭望。As time goes on,its getting warmer and warmer.隨著時(shí)間的推移,天氣變得越來越暖和了。4.如果主句謂語動(dòng)詞表示的是短暫性動(dòng)作,而從句用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行體表示在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,此時(shí)when,while與as可互換使用When/While/As I was walking down the street,I came across an old friend of mine.當(dāng)我正沿大街行走時(shí),我碰巧遇到了我的一個(gè)老朋友。(三)till,until和not.unt

38、il1.肯定句:主句的謂語動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,主句、從句都為肯定式,意為“某動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到某時(shí)間點(diǎn)才停止”He remained there until/till she arrived.他在那兒一直待到她來。You may stay here until/till the rain stops.你可以在這里待到雨停。2.否定句:主句的謂語動(dòng)詞必須是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,從句為肯定式,意為“某動(dòng)作直到某時(shí)間才開始”He wont go to bed till/until she returns.直到她回來他才會(huì)去睡。3.till不可以置于句首,而until可以Until you told me I

39、had no idea of it.直到你告訴我,我才知道此事。4.not until.句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)和倒裝用法It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.(not until置于句首,主句要部分倒裝)直到你告訴我,我才知道這件事。(四)as soon as,immediately,directly,the moment,the minute,the instant和once(一就)這些從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的從句都表示從句的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生

40、,主句的動(dòng)作隨即發(fā)生,常譯為“一就”。The moment I heard the voice,I knew my father was coming.一聽到那個(gè)聲音,我就知道父親快來了。The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.那個(gè)男孩一見到他媽媽便放聲大哭。注意:no sooner.than.;hardly/scarcely.when.也可表示“一就”,這一結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)態(tài)搭配為:no sooner與hardly/scarcely所在的主句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí),而than與when引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí);此外,當(dāng)

41、把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首時(shí),其所在的主句應(yīng)用倒裝語序。二、結(jié)果狀語從句引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞有:so that,so.that.,such.that.。在非正式語體中,由so.that.,such.that.引導(dǎo)的句子中的that可以省略,注意其結(jié)構(gòu):Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe in him.=Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe in him.邁克是一個(gè)如此誠實(shí)的工人,以至于我們都信任他。It is such fine wea

42、ther that we all want to go to the park.天氣如此晴朗,以至于我們都想去公園。He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.他掙這么少的錢,以至于養(yǎng)不起家。注意:(1)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)形容詞和副詞,當(dāng)so或such置于句首時(shí),主句要用倒裝語序。So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult questions.他是如此聰明的一個(gè)學(xué)生,以至于能夠解出所有難題。(2)當(dāng)so或such所在的主句主

43、語與結(jié)果狀語從句中的主語一致時(shí),還可簡化為:so/such.as to.。He was so clever a student that he was able to work out all the difficult ques-tions.He was so clever a student as to be able to work out all the difficult questions.三、比較狀語從句1.原級比較的用法(1)原級比較的肯定式常用as.as.結(jié)構(gòu)。There are as many people in our town as(there are)in your

44、town.我們鎮(zhèn)的人口和你們鎮(zhèn)的人口一樣多。(2)原級比較的否定式常用not as/so.as.結(jié)構(gòu)。His handwriting is not as/so good as yours(is).他的書法不如你的好。 2.比較級比較(1)比較級比較常用結(jié)構(gòu)為.than.。He was more successful than we had expected.他比我們預(yù)想的要成功得多。 He comes to the club less often than he used to.他來俱樂部不如原來來得頻繁。 (2)另一種常用結(jié)構(gòu)為“the+比較級.,the+比較級.”。The more car

45、eful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.你越小心,出的錯(cuò)就越少。 The sooner you are back, the better it will be.你回來得越早越好。 四、讓步狀語從句1.although/though(盡管,雖然),even though/even if(即使,盡管)引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句although與though兩者意思相同,一般可互換,都可以與yet,still或neverthe-less連用,但不能和but連用。He is unhappy,though/although he has a lot of m

46、oney.雖然他很有錢,但他并不幸福。Although/Though it was raining hard,yet they went on playing football.雖然雨下得很大,但他們還是繼續(xù)踢足球。Even though it is raining,well go there.(陳述語氣)盡管下著雨,我們也要去那里。 Even if I were busy,I would go.(虛擬語氣)即使忙,我也要去。注意:though還可用作副詞,意為“可是,然而”,置于句末。如:He said he would come;he didnt,though.他說他會(huì)來,可是沒有來。2.

47、whether.or.(不管還是);疑問詞+-ever與no matter+疑問詞(不管;無論)Whether you believe it or not,it is true.不管你相信與否,那都是真的。Whatever(=No matter what)you say,he wont believe you.無論你說什么,他都不會(huì)相信你。Whoever you are(=No matter who you are),you must obey the rules.無論你是誰,你都要遵守規(guī)則。注意:whoever,whatever,whomever,whichever還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。Yo

48、u can take whatever you like.(賓語從句)你喜歡什么就可以拿什么。3.when,while也可作從屬連詞表讓步,while常用在句首,when常用在句中,相當(dāng)于although。Suddenly,she stopped when she ought to have continued.盡管她應(yīng)該繼續(xù)下去,她卻突然停住了。While I admit that there are problems,I dont agree that they cannot be solved.盡管我承認(rèn)有問題存在,但我不同意說這些問題不能解決。五、條件狀語從句引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞

49、有:if,unless(=if.not如果不;除非),so/as long as(只要),in case(如果),on condition that(條件是),suppose/supposing(that)(假設(shè)),providing/provided that(如果)等。Youll fail the exam unless you study hard(=if you dont study hard).除非你努力學(xué)習(xí),否則你考試會(huì)不及格。As long as you dont lose heart,you will succeed.你只要不灰心就會(huì)成功。 Suppose/Supposing(

50、that)they refuse us,who else can we turn to for help?假如他們拒絕了我們,我們還能求助誰?In case there is a fire,what will we do first?如果發(fā)生火災(zāi),我們首先做什么?六、原因狀語從句1.引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有:because,as,since,now that。每個(gè)連詞的含義不盡相同 連詞區(qū)別because(因?yàn)?as(由于)since/now that(既然)位置主句前或后主句前或后主句前內(nèi)涵直接因果關(guān)系雙方都知道的原因語氣強(qiáng)弱能否回答why能不能能否被強(qiáng)調(diào)能不能I was absen

51、t from the meeting because I was ill.因?yàn)槲也×?所以我開會(huì)缺席了。As it is raining,we shall not go to the park.由于在下雨,我們不去公園了。Now that/Since everybody is here,lets begin our meeting.既然大家都在這里,我們開始開會(huì)吧。2.此外when,seeing that和considering that也可以表示原因,意為:既然;考慮到It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could walk there

52、 in five minutes.既然你步行5分鐘能到那里,卻打出租車,真夠愚蠢的。課標(biāo)必備點(diǎn)梳理一、方式狀語從句引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的從屬連詞有:as,as if,as though等。方式狀語從句應(yīng)放在主句之后。其中as if和as though引導(dǎo)的從句一般用虛擬語氣,但如果從句中所陳述的情況很可能實(shí)現(xiàn),也可用陳述語氣。Do as you are told,or youll be fired.叫你做什么你就做什么,否則你會(huì)被解雇。The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.(虛擬語氣)這位老太太對待這個(gè)男孩就像他是她自己的兒子似的。I feel as if I hav