翻譯課補(bǔ)充例句課件

1、第一講 翻譯教程概述The TV viewer is completely passive and has everything presented to him without any effort on his part. （死譯）電視觀眾是完全被動(dòng)的，并從他的方面不做任何努力而使每一樣?xùn)|西呈現(xiàn)在他面前。 （活譯）電視觀眾是完全被動(dòng)的， 他可以毫不費(fèi)力就看到所播放的每一個(gè)節(jié)目。2. Its beginning obscured by unemployment caused by the world economic slowdown, the new technological unemp

2、loyment may emerge as the great socio-economic challenge of the end of the 20th century. （死譯）最新技術(shù)一開始就由于全球性經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展緩慢而引起的失業(yè)而前景黯淡，新技術(shù)引起的失業(yè)問題可能會(huì)以20世紀(jì)末的巨大社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)挑戰(zhàn)而出現(xiàn)。 （活譯）雖然新技術(shù)所帶來的失業(yè)問題，在它開始出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候與當(dāng)時(shí)全球性的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退所引起的失業(yè)現(xiàn)象相比不過是小巫見大巫，但到20世紀(jì)末，這個(gè)問題可能成為對(duì)社會(huì)靜靜的巨大挑戰(zhàn)。3. It is a long lane that has no turning. A. 那是一條沒有拐彎的長巷（直譯

3、）誤 B.無論多長巷子子也有拐彎之處（意譯）正 C.路必有彎，事必有變（意譯）正4. We cannot estimate the value of modern science too much. A. 我們不能過高地估計(jì)現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的價(jià)值（直譯）誤 B. 對(duì)現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的價(jià)值無論如何估計(jì)也不會(huì)過分（意譯）正 5. The dress set off to perfection the seventeen-inch waist, the smallest in three counties. 直譯： 這身衣服把她在三個(gè)縣里最細(xì)的只有十七英寸的腰 身襯托的盡善盡美。 意譯：她的十七英寸的腰圍, 在三個(gè)

4、縣里算是最細(xì)的了, 這 身衣服把她的細(xì)腰束得盡善盡美 。6. Nobody grows old merely by the number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals. 直譯： 人不會(huì)僅僅因?yàn)槟挲g的增長而垂老; 我們垂老是因?yàn)閽?棄了理想. 意譯：1)歲月有加,并非垂老; 理想泯滅,暮年即至. 2) 帶走青春的不是歲月的流逝，而是理想的泯滅。7. Nothing that has been done can not be done better. 直譯：沒有什么已被做過的事情不能被做得更好。 意譯：任何事情都有改進(jìn)的余地。8. Wo

5、rds dont always mean what they seem to mean. 直譯：文字語言并不總是它表面的含義。 意譯：話語常有弦外之音。第二講 英漢語言的差異1. Laid out in the early 15th century, the Forbidden City unfolds powerfully in courtyard after courtyard, as if the power of the emperor himself could never quite be reached. 早在15世紀(jì)初，紫禁城就形成了現(xiàn)在的格局：重重庭院錯(cuò)落有致，氣勢顯赫，猶如

6、皇帝的龍威，可望而不可及。2. In reality, the lines of division between sciences are becoming blurred, and science again approaching the “unity” that it had two centuries ago although the accumulated knowledge is enormously greater now, and no one person can hope to comprehend more than a fraction of it. 雖然現(xiàn)在積累起來

7、的知識(shí)要多得多，而且任何個(gè)人也只可能了解其中的一小部分，但實(shí)際上，各學(xué)科之間的界限卻變得模糊不清，科學(xué)將再次近似于兩百年前那樣的“大一統(tǒng)”狀態(tài)。3. As was cleared up some time later, news came from a distance that an earthquake was felt the very day the little copper ball fell. 過了一些時(shí)候，從遠(yuǎn)方傳來了消息：在小銅球墜落的當(dāng)天，確實(shí)發(fā)生了地震。這一切終于得到了澄清。7. 中國人民正在中國共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，團(tuán)結(jié)一致地進(jìn)行著偉大的社會(huì)主義建設(shè)。 Led by the

8、Chinese communist party, the Chinese people, united as one, are engaged in the great task of building socialism.8. He witnessed the sixth post-war economic crisis of serious consequence that prevailed in various fields in the USA. 他親眼目睹了美國戰(zhàn)后第六次后果嚴(yán)重的波及各領(lǐng)域的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)。9. 這3個(gè)縣經(jīng)歷了那場中國70年代第四次較為嚴(yán)重的遍及數(shù)省的自然災(zāi)害。 The

9、 three counties underwent the fourth rather serious natural disaster that plagued several provinces in china in the 1970s.第四講 增詞法“If so grand, why so poor? If so poor, why so grand?” “既然那么闊，干嘛要叫窮？既然那么窮，干嘛擺闊氣？”2. However carefully boiler casings and steam pipes are sealed, some heat escapes and is lo

10、st. 不管鍋爐殼與蒸汽管封閉得多么嚴(yán)密，還是有一部分熱散失損耗掉。3. Note that the words “velocity” and “speed” require explanation. 請(qǐng)注意，“速度”和“速率”這兩個(gè)詞需要解釋。4. In Beijing, there was a divine scale and a higgledy-piggledy scale. 過去的北京既有一種神圣的規(guī)模，又有一種雜亂無章的格局。2. 我們說，長征是歷史記錄上的第一次，長征是宣言書，長征是宣傳隊(duì)，長征是播種機(jī)。We answer that the Long March is the f

11、irst of its kind in the annals of history, that it is a manifesto, a propaganda force, a seeding-machine.3. 匪軍所至，殺戮人民，奸淫婦女，焚毀村莊，掠奪財(cái)物，無所不用其極。When the bandit troops went, they massacred and raped, burned and looted, and stopped at nothing.第五講 被動(dòng)語態(tài)1. Since the first test of the atomic bomb the world ha

12、s learnt the atom can be split and its power can be used. 自從第一顆原子彈試驗(yàn)以來，全世界都已知道，原子可分裂，原子能可利用2.Nuclearpowersdangertohealth,safety,andevenlifeitselfcanbesummedupinoneword:radiation 核能對(duì)健康、安全,甚至對(duì)生命本身構(gòu)成的危險(xiǎn)可以用一個(gè)詞輻射來概括。3. “One country, two systems” has been adopted to suit Chinas conditions and is not an ex

13、pedient measure. 采取“一國兩制”適合中國國情，并非權(quán)宜之計(jì)。4. If bad weather is expected, the forecaster must be able to suggest another airport within the range of the aircraft where the weather will be suitable for landing. 如果預(yù)計(jì)天氣惡劣，天氣預(yù)報(bào)人員必須能夠在該飛機(jī)航程內(nèi)提出另一個(gè)天氣適合著陸的機(jī)場。5. How can a series of motionless, or still, pictures

14、 be blended on a screen to produce motion pictures? 一組不動(dòng)的即靜止的圖片是怎樣在銀幕上連到一起合成電影的呢？6. He was told that two of them seemed unlikely to make the grade. 他已得知他們中有兩個(gè)人好像不能及格。第七講 長句的翻譯1. 即使在我們關(guān)掉了床頭燈深深地進(jìn)入了夢鄉(xiāng)時(shí)，電仍然在為我們工作：幫我們開動(dòng)電冰箱，把水加熱，或使室內(nèi)空調(diào)機(jī)繼續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。分析：該句由一個(gè)主句，三個(gè)作伴隨狀語的句子以及位于句首的時(shí)間狀語從句組成。共有五層意思。此五層意思的邏輯關(guān)系以及表達(dá)的順序與英語完

15、全一致，因此可以采用順譯法。 Even when we turn off the bedside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.2. 當(dāng)他們活著一天，總要盡量多工作、多學(xué)習(xí)，不肯虛度年華，不讓時(shí)間白白地浪費(fèi)掉。分析: 單一主語，語義的表述順序英漢語一致，故順譯。-“總要盡量多工作、多學(xué)習(xí)”是“他們”活著時(shí)的動(dòng)作行為，因而譯為主要的表達(dá)方式，其它部分

16、譯為非謂語動(dòng)詞形式。 As long as they are living，they always work and study as hard as possible，unwilling to dream their life away，let alone waste even a single moment of their lives 4. 世界各國的醫(yī)學(xué)專家們多年來一直在致力于構(gòu)建一整套科學(xué)的有關(guān)人體健康的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系。分析: 句子的主干: 多年來專家們構(gòu)建體系。句中的其他部分則多數(shù)充當(dāng)了定語、狀語等。For years，medical experts from different cou

17、ntries have committed themselves to establishing a set of scientific standard system for human health.5.每天下午四五點(diǎn)鐘喝上一杯茶，吃一點(diǎn)烤面包或餅干，相互之間再閑聊幾句，這種情景在英國到處可見。分析: 本句中，前幾個(gè)小句是無主句，之后又出現(xiàn)外位復(fù)指詞“這”來作總結(jié)說明，這樣的句型如果硬譯成“At four or five pm in England，people eat some bread or biscuits and have a short chat，this is common

18、in England.” 不符合英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，故需要調(diào)整語序。這種情景（喝茶、吃面包、閑聊等）到處可見。 There is a scene to be witnessed everywhere in England at four or five PMwhen people enjoy a cup of tea，with toast or biscuit and with a bit of conversation6. 要使學(xué)生充分利用他們（上大學(xué)）的機(jī)會(huì)，就得為他們提供大量關(guān)于課程的更為詳細(xì)的信息，作更多的指導(dǎo)，這個(gè)問題顯得越來越重要了。 It becomes more and more

19、important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advices.7. 我訪問了一些地方，遇到了不少人，要談起來，奇妙的事兒可多著呢。分析：本句如果按漢語結(jié)構(gòu)譯作 I have visited some places and met many people. If I talk about them, there are a lot of wonderful st

20、ories to tell about. 對(duì)英語讀者而言，此譯文既啰嗦又無頭緒。 可將此句并為一句： There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met. 8. 中國是個(gè)大國，百分之八十的人口從事農(nóng)業(yè)，但耕地只占土地面積的十分之一，其余為山脈、森林、湖泊和其他用地。 China is a large country with eighty percent of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one ten

21、th of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests, rivers and places for other uses.9. 上海位于長江入?？?，是中國最大的城市，同時(shí)也是一座歷史文化名城和著名的旅游城市、全國最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)中心和貿(mào)易、金融、文化中心。 Located on the estuary of the Yangtze River, Shanghai is the largest city in China. It is also a historic city famous for its culture and t

22、ourism, the biggest center for Chinas economy, trade, finance and culture.10. 當(dāng)他們活著一天，總要盡量多工作、多學(xué)習(xí)，不肯虛度年華，不讓時(shí)間白白地浪費(fèi)掉。 As long as they are living，they always work and study as hard as possible，unwilling to dream their life away，let alone waste even a single moment of their lives12. 她隔窗望去，突然發(fā)現(xiàn)有只小船停泊在河邊

23、，船里有位船夫睡得正香。分析: 這個(gè)句子雖然不是很長，但句的主語是“她”，說明“她”透過窗子看到了什么; 句具體描寫了“她”看到的船里船夫在睡覺。句的主語“船夫”明顯不同于句的主語“她”，因而，在主語轉(zhuǎn)換之處分句另譯有利于譯文表達(dá)清楚。譯文: Looking through the window，she suddenly spotted a boat moored to the bankIn it there was a boatman fast asleep13. 在這個(gè)世界上仍然有少數(shù)利益集團(tuán)，總想通過在這樣那樣的地方制造緊張態(tài)勢來謀利，這是違背大多數(shù)人民的意志和時(shí)代潮流的。分析: 句是對(duì)

24、句的概括，因此，斷開分譯更能體現(xiàn)原句的概括總結(jié)。譯文:There are still in this world a few interest groups which always want to seek gains by creating tensions here and there This is against the will of the majority of the people and against the trend of the times15.如果說宣布收回香港就會(huì)像夫人說的“帶來災(zāi)難性的影響”，那我們要勇敢地面對(duì)這個(gè)災(zāi)難，做出決策。If the announce

25、ment of the recovery of Hong Kong would bring about, as Madam put it, “disastrous effect, ” we will face that disaster squarely and make a new policy decision. ( 用前后逗號(hào)插入信息) 杭州 意大利著名旅行家馬可波羅曾這樣敘述他印象中的杭州：“這是世界上最美妙迷人的城市，它使人覺得自己是在天堂?！痹谥袊擦鱾髦@樣的話：“上有天堂，下有蘇杭?！焙贾莸拿麣庵饕谟陲L(fēng)景如畫的西湖。杭州是中國著名的六大古都之一，已有兩千多年的歷史。杭州不僅以

26、自然美景聞名于世，而且有著傳統(tǒng)文化的魅力。不僅有歷代文人墨客（poet and writer）的題詠（poem and inscription），而且有美味佳肴和漂亮的工藝品，真可稱得上“人間天堂”。 The famous Italian traveler Marco Polo described Hangzhou as “the most fascinating city in the world where one feels like in paradise”. In China, there is also a saying, “In Heaven there is Paradise;

27、 on Earth there are Suzhou and Hangzhou.” Hangzhous fame mainly depends on its picturesque West Lake. Hangzhou, one of Chinas six ancient major capital cities, has a history of more than 2000 years. It is famous not only for its natural beauty but also for its charm of traditional culture. Apart fro

28、m many poems and inscriptions left behind by poets and writers through dynasties, it also boasts delicious and delicate handicrafts, which deserves “Paradise on earth”.環(huán)境保護(hù) 當(dāng)今世界，環(huán)境保護(hù)已經(jīng)成為各國政府和各界人士共同關(guān)心的問題。過去十年，海平面上升和森林砍伐的速度都是前所未有的；生態(tài)惡化、物種滅絕、溫室效應(yīng)等一系列環(huán)境問題已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重影響到人類的生存環(huán)境和健康。中國作為一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家，面臨著發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)與保護(hù)環(huán)境的雙重任務(wù)。從

29、國情出發(fā)，中國在全面推進(jìn)現(xiàn)代化（ modernization ）的過程中，將環(huán)境保護(hù)視為一項(xiàng)基本國策，并在全國范圍內(nèi)開展污染防治工作和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)活動(dòng)。 Nowadays, environmental protection has become an issue that the government of many countries and people from all walks of life commonly care about. During the past ten years, sea level rose and forests were destroyed at an

30、unprecedented rate while a series of environmental problems, such as deterioration of ecosystem, extinction of bio-species, and the green-house effect., have posed a serious threat to human living conditions and health. As a developing country, China is confronted with the dual task of developing ec

31、onomy and protecting environment. Based on its national conditions, China has, in the process of promoting overall modernization, made environment protection one of its basic state policies, and carried out nationwide campaigns of pollution prevention and treatment as well as environment and ecology

32、 protection.Companionship of Books A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as of men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men. A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it will never change.