性別差異產(chǎn)生的原因英文版課件

ThereasonsfortheformationofgenderdifferencesPhysiologicalSocialTheory(Moni)Theoryofcognitivedevelopmentandtheoryofgenderschema(Kohlberg)SociallearningtheoryThereasonsfortheformation1

一、

PhysiologicalandsocialtheoryMoniandothersputforwardthetheoryofbiologicalsocietystressedthatthephysicaldevelopmentbeforebirthandthisphysiologicalfactorshaveadecisivesignificanceonthegenderofchildren.一、Physiologicalandsocia21、

Genderdifferencesinthebiologicalprocess2、Biologicaldifferencesandgenderidentity3、BiologicalrootsofpsychologicaldifferencesbetweenthesexesPhysiologicalandsocialtheory1、Genderdifferencesinth31.Genderdifferencesinthebiologicalprocess

Dividedintoseveralsteps:thegeneticdeterminantofconception;theroleofthegonadduringembryonicdevelopment;

Throughthebloodsexhormonestothemaleandfemalereproductivesystem,externalreproductivesystemandbraindifferentiation.

(1)Gendergeneticdecision(2)gonadsandsexhormones(3)sexhormonesandbraindifferentiation1.Genderdifferencesinthebi4(1)asenseofgenderidentityisthecoreofgenderformationandthekey.(2)socialenvironmentandbringingupdecisiveaboutgenderidentitymustmeetcertainconditions:①gendermustbeearlierconfirmedinchildren'slives(18monthstoage3)②parentsonchildren'sgenderconfirmeddelayandambiguitywillresultinsexdifferentiationofimperfect(3)genderonceidentifywillbedifficulttochange.Womenseemtobemorelikelytotheformationofgenderidentitysmoothly.2.Biologicaldifferencesandgenderidentity(1)asenseofgenderiden5

(1)Psychologyandheredity:biologicalsexbyapairofsexchromosomes,menandwomensimilartofarmorethandifferences.(2)Psychologyandsexhormoneshaveanimportanteffectonthepsychologicalbehaviorofbothsexes①Aggressivebehaviordirectlyisaffectedbymalehormonelevel②Femalesexhormonesarecyclical3、Biologicalrootsofpsychologicaldifferencesbetweenthesexes

(1)Psychologyandheredity:6

二、Sociallearningtheory

Childrenobservebydirectorindirect,formingtheinitialpreferenceforsex-typetoysandactivities.

"Observelearning"and"example"(parent,companion)二、Sociallearningtheory7二、Sociallearningtheory

1.TheInfluenceofParentsontheFormationofChildren'sGenderRole2.TheInfluenceofSchoolEducationontheSocializationofGenderSexRole3.Partnershipandtheformationofgenderroles二、Sociallearningtheory81.Parentsarethefirstteacherofthechild,thefamilyisoneofthemostimportantplacesofitssocialization,theplacewherechildrenarethemostactiveintheearlydaysisthefamily,theparent'sbehavioristheexampleofthechild,thechildplaysasubtlerole,Sotheparent’sthegenderroleofconsciousnessonthechild'simpactisnotonlytheearliest,butalsothelargest.

2.Inadditiontohavingdifferentexpectationsfortheirchildrenofdifferentsexes,parentsarealsodifferentinthewaytheytreattheirchildren.1.TheInfluenceofParentsontheFormationofChildren'sGenderRole1.Parentsarethefirstteach91.Thereisnodoubtthatteachershaveacrucialimpactonstudentsforminggenderroles.Thisinfluencepromotesthedifferentiationoftherolesofbothsexesfromdifferentaspects.

2.ManystudieshaveshownthatGenderrolesintextbooksclearlyreflectstheculturalstereotypesofgenderrolesinsociety，thestoryofthetextbookdepictsdifferentmaleandfemaleroles.2.TheInfluenceofSchoolEducationontheSocializationofGenderSexRole1.Thereisnodoubtthatteac103.Partnershipandtheformationofgenderroles1.Thechildrenmoreactinaccordancewithtraditionalsocietiesgenderroles,themoretheywillbeacceptedbytheirpeers,conversely,itmaybeisolated.withage,partnershipsbecomemoreinfluential,evenmoresothanparentsandteachers.Itplaysanimportantroleintheformationofcertainhabitsandhobbies.Especiallyafterpuberty,teenagerspaymoreandmoreattentiontotheirpeergroups,andtherearemoreandmoreSenseofworthobeyingtheirpeerculture.3.Partnershipandtheformatio11

三、Theoryofcognitivedevelopmentandtheoryofgenderschema(Kohlberg)Kohlbergarguesthatthesocializationofchildren'sgendermustbebasedongenderidentityrecognition(gaininggenderstabilityandconstantness).

Theresultsshowedthatthehigherthelevelofcognition,themoreappropriatesex-stereotypedbehaviouramongchildren,themorelikelyitistobe三、Theoryofcognitivedev12

Genderschemataisacognitivestructure,Itcombinesobservation,aesthetics,imitationandothergenderknowledgetogether.Genderschematheoryemphasizesenvironmentalpressurescommonshapegenderrolesandchildren'scognitivedevelopment.Genderschemata13ThereasonsfortheformationofgenderdifferencesPhysiologicalSocialTheory(Moni)Theoryofcognitivedevelopmentandtheoryofgenderschema(Kohlberg)SociallearningtheoryThereasonsfortheformation14

一、

PhysiologicalandsocialtheoryMoniandothersputforwardthetheoryofbiologicalsocietystressedthatthephysicaldevelopmentbeforebirthandthisphysiologicalfactorshaveadecisivesignificanceonthegenderofchildren.一、Physiologicalandsocia151、

Genderdifferencesinthebiologicalprocess2、Biologicaldifferencesandgenderidentity3、BiologicalrootsofpsychologicaldifferencesbetweenthesexesPhysiologicalandsocialtheory1、Genderdifferencesinth161.Genderdifferencesinthebiologicalprocess

Dividedintoseveralsteps:thegeneticdeterminantofconception;theroleofthegonadduringembryonicdevelopment;

Throughthebloodsexhormonestothemaleandfemalereproductivesystem,externalreproductivesystemandbraindifferentiation.

(1)Gendergeneticdecision(2)gonadsandsexhormones(3)sexhormonesandbraindifferentiation1.Genderdifferencesinthebi17(1)asenseofgenderidentityisthecoreofgenderformationandthekey.(2)socialenvironmentandbringingupdecisiveaboutgenderidentitymustmeetcertainconditions:①gendermustbeearlierconfirmedinchildren'slives(18monthstoage3)②parentsonchildren'sgenderconfirmeddelayandambiguitywillresultinsexdifferentiationofimperfect(3)genderonceidentifywillbedifficulttochange.Womenseemtobemorelikelytotheformationofgenderidentitysmoothly.2.Biologicaldifferencesandgenderidentity(1)asenseofgenderiden18

(1)Psychologyandheredity:biologicalsexbyapairofsexchromosomes,menandwomensimilartofarmorethandifferences.(2)Psychologyandsexhormoneshaveanimportanteffectonthepsychologicalbehaviorofbothsexes①Aggressivebehaviordirectlyisaffectedbymalehormonelevel②Femalesexhormonesarecyclical3、Biologicalrootsofpsychologicaldifferencesbetweenthesexes

(1)Psychologyandheredity:19

二、Sociallearningtheory

Childrenobservebydirectorindirect,formingtheinitialpreferenceforsex-typetoysandactivities.

"Observelearning"and"example"(parent,companion)二、Sociallearningtheory20二、Sociallearningtheory

1.TheInfluenceofParentsontheFormationofChildren'sGenderRole2.TheInfluenceofSchoolEducationontheSocializationofGenderSexRole3.Partnershipandtheformationofgenderroles二、Sociallearningtheory211.Parentsarethefirstteacherofthechild,thefamilyisoneofthemostimportantplacesofitssocialization,theplacewherechildrenarethemostactiveintheearlydaysisthefamily,theparent'sbehavioristheexampleofthechild,thechildplaysasubtlerole,Sotheparent’sthegenderroleofconsciousnessonthechild'simpactisnotonlytheearliest,butalsothelargest.

2.Inadditiontohavingdifferentexpectationsfortheirchildrenofdifferentsexes,parentsarealsodifferentinthewaytheytreattheirchildren.1.TheInfluenceofParentsontheFormationofChildren'sGenderRole1.Parentsarethefirstteach221.Thereisnodoubtthatteachershaveacrucialimpactonstudentsforminggenderroles.Thisinfluencepromotesthedifferentiationoftherolesofbothsexesfromdifferentaspects.

2.ManystudieshaveshownthatGenderrolesintextbooksclearlyreflectstheculturalstereotypesofgenderrolesinsociety，thestoryofthetextbookdepictsdifferentmaleandfemaleroles.2.TheInfluenceofSchoolEducationontheSocializationofGenderSexRole1.Thereisnodoubtthatteac233.Partnershipandtheformationofgenderroles1.Thechildrenmoreactinaccordancewithtraditionalsocietiesgenderroles,themoretheywillbeacceptedbytheirpeers,conversely,itmaybeisolated.withage,partnershipsbecomemoreinfluentia