工程造價(jià)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開題報(bào)告

、 本課題的研究意義、研究現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢（文獻(xiàn)綜述）l、研究意義工程項(xiàng)目造價(jià)的確定與控制是工程建設(shè)項(xiàng)目管理的重要組成部分，它能夠在工程建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的全過程（投資決策、設(shè)計(jì)、招投標(biāo)、施工階段）中采取有效措施，把工程項(xiàng)目建設(shè)發(fā)生的全部費(fèi)用控制在批準(zhǔn)的限額內(nèi)，并隨時(shí)糾正發(fā)生的偏差，以保證投資估算、設(shè)計(jì)概預(yù)算和竣工決算等管理目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)，達(dá)到合理使用人力、物力、財(cái)力，獲得最大投資效益其基本控制原理為：全過程、全方位的控制；不同投資主體的控制；合理設(shè)置控制目標(biāo)；以主動控制為主、技術(shù)與經(jīng)濟(jì)相結(jié)合的控制。應(yīng)用科學(xué)管理方式，合理有效的制定和控制造價(jià)，最大限度的提升經(jīng)營效益和實(shí)現(xiàn)投資目標(biāo)，工程投資商收獲投資效果，承包商修定盈利，是實(shí)施工程造價(jià)管理的根本意義。工程建設(shè)項(xiàng)目管理中的重要組成部分即是工程造價(jià)管理，包括工程投資費(fèi)用的管理和工程價(jià)格的管理兩部分根據(jù)所指定的管理目標(biāo)的情況不同，而選擇不同的管理方式，有效的區(qū)分兩種管理職能，已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)今工程建設(shè)造價(jià)管理發(fā)展的必然工程建設(shè)的投資費(fèi)用管理屬的工程建設(shè)投資行為，從而進(jìn)行投資管理工程價(jià)格管理屬千價(jià)格管理的范圍，在宏觀和微觀層面，都有著重要體現(xiàn)宏觀上，政府為社會注意經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的發(fā)展要求，發(fā)揮對一般價(jià)格的調(diào)控職能，對價(jià)格通過法律經(jīng)濟(jì)和行政手段進(jìn)行調(diào)控和管理，以工程建設(shè)市場的管理規(guī)范對市場主體價(jià)格進(jìn)行管理微觀層面上，工程建設(shè)企業(yè)通過了解市場價(jià)格信息的規(guī)律，從而通過對成本進(jìn)行計(jì)價(jià)定價(jià)和競價(jià)的控制，來實(shí)現(xiàn)其管理目標(biāo)。2、研究現(xiàn)狀上，采用行政管理計(jì)劃定價(jià)方式，因此，人們對工程造價(jià)管理沒有足夠的重視，建筑工程造價(jià)的確定往往是依據(jù)計(jì)劃價(jià)格和行政規(guī)定進(jìn)行編制。隨著我國改革開放的發(fā)展和社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的建立，建筑工程的管理受到了極大的沖擊，打開國門走出去，引進(jìn)先進(jìn)科學(xué)的管理模式，人們開始重新認(rèn)識有關(guān)工程造價(jià)管理問題。由千我國實(shí)行的是概預(yù)算定額管理模式，普遍存在的問題是建筑工程造價(jià)難以客觀真實(shí)地得到反映，概算超估算，預(yù)算超概算，決算超預(yù)算，突破計(jì)劃投資的項(xiàng)目比比皆是。由千工程投資的確定缺乏科學(xué)合理性，導(dǎo)致工程實(shí)施中存在諸多問題。黨的十一屆三中全會以來，隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革的深入和對外開放政策的實(shí)施，以及社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的建立，開始建立健全適合千社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的工程造價(jià)管理體系與模式，使工程造價(jià)的管理趨千科學(xué)合理。但是，我國的工程造價(jià)管理體制一直沿用前蘇聯(lián)模式，是適應(yīng)計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)模式下的管理體制，目前已經(jīng)不適應(yīng)市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，與西方發(fā)達(dá)國家相比還有很大差距。工程造價(jià)管理改革的目的是為了建立適應(yīng)我國社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制所需的，具有中國特色的新的工程造價(jià)管理體制，目前還有許多問題有待解決，是長期計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制和單一財(cái)政投資渠價(jià)格的聯(lián)系。四是缺乏信息加工和傳遞。五是投資主體責(zé)任制未完全建成。六是領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的從業(yè)人員嚴(yán)重阻礙了我國工程造價(jià)管理的發(fā)展。3、發(fā)展趨勢加入WTO，我國經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)入了世界經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的軌道，這可以說是我國的第二次對外開放。其發(fā)展趨勢有2個(gè)方面，一是工程造價(jià)管理的國際化，二是工程造價(jià)管理的信息化。工程造價(jià)管理的國際化趨勢WTOBOT市場。工程造價(jià)管理國際化趨勢的另一個(gè)表現(xiàn)在于國際間的學(xué)術(shù)交流日益頻繁。工程造價(jià)管理的信息化趨勢Internet二、研究方案及工作計(jì)劃（含工作重點(diǎn)及難點(diǎn)及擬采用的途徑研究方案1、準(zhǔn)備資料。經(jīng)濟(jì)資料等編制施工圖預(yù)算所需的資料。2、熟悉施工圖紙。認(rèn)真核對圖紙是否齊全。3、計(jì)算工程量（工作難點(diǎn)。根據(jù)工程內(nèi)容和定額項(xiàng)目，列出計(jì)算工程量的分部分項(xiàng)工程。按照一定的順序，列出工程量計(jì)算式，并列出工程量計(jì)算表。進(jìn)行計(jì)算。位保持一致。4、綜合單價(jià)的編制（工作重點(diǎn)。《計(jì)價(jià)規(guī)范》中的工程量清單綜合單價(jià)是指完成一個(gè)規(guī)定計(jì)量單位的分部分項(xiàng)工程量以及一定范圍內(nèi)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)費(fèi)用。5、計(jì)算分部分項(xiàng)工程費(fèi)。6、措施項(xiàng)目費(fèi)計(jì)算?；蚴〖?、行業(yè)建設(shè)主管部門的規(guī)定計(jì)價(jià)，不得作為競爭性費(fèi)用。7、規(guī)費(fèi)與稅金的計(jì)算。8、確定單位工程招標(biāo)控制價(jià)。將以上各項(xiàng)費(fèi)用相加，即可得出單位工程招標(biāo)控制價(jià)。擬采用的途徑通過查閱書本和網(wǎng)絡(luò)深入了解工程量清單和招投標(biāo)的概念 。依據(jù)國家頒布的統(tǒng)一工程項(xiàng)目劃分，統(tǒng)一計(jì)量單位和統(tǒng)一的工程量計(jì)算規(guī)則。運(yùn)用廣聯(lián)達(dá)、天正建筑、Autocad工作計(jì)劃第1-2周 查閱文獻(xiàn)及其他相關(guān)資料，完成開題報(bào)第3-3周 施工圖紙及資料熟悉，圖紙會審第4-8周 分部分項(xiàng)工程量計(jì)算，編制分部分項(xiàng)工程量清第9-10周 套用相關(guān)定額，進(jìn)行工程量定額預(yù)算第11-12周 編制工程量定額預(yù)算書與分部分項(xiàng)工程量清單報(bào)第13-13周 編制措施項(xiàng)目清單、其他項(xiàng)目措施清單報(bào)價(jià)第14-14周 清單報(bào)價(jià)文件匯總，編制成冊，準(zhǔn)備答辯參考文獻(xiàn)[1].錢偉.國內(nèi)外建筑工程造價(jià)管理分析[J].建筑管理現(xiàn)代化,2005,(04):50-53[2].[J].2009,(03):105-109[3].孫莉.工程造價(jià)管理模式和計(jì)價(jià)方式改革研究[J].價(jià)格月刊，2014,(01):27-31[4].朱曉楠.關(guān)于建設(shè)工程造價(jià)管理存在的問題及對策分析 [J].科技創(chuàng)新與應(yīng)用2014,(04):222-222[5].許峰.房屋工程造價(jià)的動態(tài)管理與控制[J].價(jià)值工程，2014,(02):66-67[6].余遠(yuǎn)希.分析建筑工程造價(jià)管理現(xiàn)狀及完善對策 [J],經(jīng)營管理者，2014,(04):343-343[7].王蘭紅.淺析工程造價(jià)管理[J]，科技創(chuàng)新與應(yīng)用,2014（03：274-274[8].韓孝賢.淺議影響工程造價(jià)的因素與工程造價(jià)的全過程控制[J].中國外資，2014，（01108-108[9].黃春麗.淺談建筑項(xiàng)目工程造價(jià)的不確定因素及其控制 [J].經(jīng)營管理者，2014，（01316-316[10].HailingSu.ProjectCostPredictionModelBasedonFuzzyTheory[J].JournalofNetworks,2013,(07)：1595-1600[11].Perrie.Life cycle costs vital for road-building decisions[J].CivilEngineering，2013,(09)：46-47外文文獻(xiàn)ProjectCostManagementandControlAbstract：Projectcostmanagementisthebasic contents to determine reasonable andeffectivecontroloftheprojectcost.Describedthecurrentstageoftheprojectcostmanagementsituationonthestrengtheningofthevariousstagesofconstructioncostmanagementoftheimportance of and raised a number of keyinitiatives.cost；managementstatusinvestmentdecisionphaseofthedesignoftheimplementation；phaseofthemanagementinamarketeconomy.EvenundertheWTOandChina'saccessiontheworldcommunity,China'sconstructionindustryhowtoeffectivelycontrolconstructioncostoftheconstructionandmanagementofanimportantcomponentpart.However,thecurrentbudgetfortheconstructionprojects-estimate,budget,Superbudgetaccountsforthe"superthree"isstillwidespreadandthateventuallyledtoaseriouslossofcontrolofprojectinvestment.Projectcostmanagementisthecontentstodeterminereasonableandeffectivecontroloftheprojectcost.Astheprojectcosttotheprojectrunsthroughtheentireprocess,stagebystagecanbedivided into Investment Decision stage, thedesignandimplementationphases.Theso-calledProject Cost effective control is theoptimizationoftheconstructionplansanddesignprogramsonthebasisofinthebuildingprocessatallstages,useofcertainmethodsandmeasuresto reduce the cost of the projects have areasonablecontrolonthescopeandcostoftheapprovedlimits.Engineeringandcostmanagementworkofthecurrentstatusofprojectcostmanagementsystemwasformedinthe1950s,1980sperfecttogether.Performanceofthecountryanddirectlyinvolvedin the management of economic activities.Provisions in the design stage to differentestimates or budget preparation as well asgovernment; Nothing relevant departments toformulateabudget,content,methodsandapproval,the budget will provide the fixed cost ofequipmentandmaterialsandfixedpriceofthebudget preparation, approval, managementauthority,andsoon.With the historical process, afterrecovery, reform and development, formed arelatively complete budget estimate ofquotamanagement system. However, asthesocialistmarketeconomicdevelopment,thesystem'smanyproblemshavealsoexposed.Generallyspeaking,the budget estimate is based on directparticipation in the management of nationaleconomicactivityasaprecondition.enterpriseisnottheactualeconomicentities.Duetocharacteristicsoftheplannedeconomy,and,thetimeundertheconditionsofproductivity,willinevitablybecomeashortageintheeconomy.Insevereshortageofcommoditiesundertheconditions, as long as a certain level ofinvestment,willbecertainoutputs.Inthisenvironment,theprojectplanningandtechnicalargumentationtherecanbenoeconomicanalysis.Statecontroloftheprojectcostconstitutefactorsequipmentandmaterialsprices,wagesandtaxes of artificial distribution. In thisrelatively stable economic environment, thebudgetestimateforthesystemapprovedprojectcost,helpthegovernmenttocarryoutinvestmentplanstoplayamajorrole.Asthesocialistmarketeconomicsystemestablished,requiresustopredictprojectinvestmentandcontrol.Inrecentyears,internationalinvestmentprojectdevelopedtherequirementsofpriorpre-controlandinmiddle of control. China, the traditionalpractice inanobjective light onthe causedecision-making,implementationheavy,lighttheeconomyandtechnology.Ourtasknowistobemodernandcostmanagement in line with China's nationalconditionsofthemarketeconomysystem goal,learn from the advanced experience of thedevelopedcountries,andestablishsoundmarketeconomiclawsofprojectcostmanagementsystem,effortstoincreasetheprojectcostlevels.Aninvestmentdecision-makingphaseoftheprojectcostmanagementconstructionprojectinvestmentdecision-making stage is proposed projectproposals; conduct a feasibility study todetermineinvestmentestimationandthefinalpreparationofdesigntask.Atthisstage,theproject'stechnicalandeconomicdecision-making,oftheconstructionprojectcostoftheprojectafterthecompletionoftheeconomicbenefitshaveadecisiveinfluence,Theconstructionisanimportantstagecontrol.China'scurrentstageoftheprojectfortheprojectmanagementforthepurposeofclearing price, and focusing only on theconstructionprocessofcostcontrol,neglectedbefore the start of the project investmentdecision-making stage of cost control.Investmentdecision-makingphaseofinvestmentprojectsisestimatedanimportantbasisfordecision-making. It has a direct impact onnationaleconomicandfinancialanalysisoftheresultsofthereliabilityandaccuracy.Becauseofthisphaseisthepreliminaryworkofprojects,theinformationcannotbefully,comparableworksmoreorlessthatinformationaccumulatedrelatively small, estimated inadequate andunscientific.Makesprojectcostmanagementcost workers is difficult at this stagedosomething.Thevariousstagesoftheprojectcostcontrolinthedecision-makingphaseprojectcostcontrol.Rightprojectplanningphaseofthecost,manyownershavethewrongunderstandingthatthelowerthecostthebetter.Costcontrolisnotaunilateral issue, and should beanumber offactors, a combination of practical,comprehensive consideration. Theconstructionprojectinvestmentdecision-makingstage,theproject'stechnicalandeconomicdecision-making,Costoftheprojectafterthecompletionoftheproject and the economic benefits, with adecisive role inproject cost control isanimportantstage,rationallydefineandcontrolthedirectionoftheprojectcostofaccuratepositioningandbuildingOptimizationguidingrole.Inthedecision-makingphaseofthemostimportantistodoagoodjobfeasibilitystudy,theworkisdonewell,returnsoninvestmentcanformagood proportion.Otherwise,investmore, less effective, resulting in loss ofcontrolandwasteofinvestment.Atpresent,someoftheprojectsplannedownersofdeparturefromthesubjectivedesiresofafeasibilitystudyonthelackofscientificproof. Feasibility Study untrue, false orengineeringfunctionsobtainingtheapprovaloftheir superiors, actually put into thefeasibilitystudywillbeawardedinthestudyfortheprojectafterthesmoothfunctioningburiedalotofhiddenproblems,leadtoinsufficientfollow-upfundsfortheprojectandhadtoextendthetimelimitsothattheprojectcouldnothaveplannedtheuseofcost-effective,evenbecomehopelesscompletionofthebeardworks.Therefore, in order to phase in theinvestmentdecision-makingeffectivelycontrolconstructioncosts,wemustdothefollowingaspects:ⅰImplementationoftheconstructionprojectandcorporateaccountability,Constructionoftheprojectfromplanningimplementationoftheentireprocessandtheofthefundstorepayresponsibilitiestothepeople. in addition to establishing a legalsystem and the project supervision matchingmechanismbythedepartmentsinchargeoftheindustryandsupervisiondepartmentsforsettingupamonitoringgrouptooverseetheuseoffunds.ⅱArealisticapproachtomarketanalysis,toavoidtheblindnessoftheprojectdecision-making,reducesandreducesinvestmentrisk.Fullyconsiderbuildingprojectsinthefuturemarketcompetitiveness,designtaskscientificandreliability.ⅲCapitalfinancingmusthaveaformalcommitment document, the parties must doinvestmentfundsinplace,andfundsmusthavedocuments toensure that the project can beapprovedafterthescheduledimplementation.thevariousloanconditionsshouldbecarefullyanalyzedtominimizetheburdenofinterestrepaymentpressure.ⅳTostrengthentheengineeringgeology,hydrology,geologyandland,water,electricity,transport,environmentalprojectssuchasexternalconditionsfortheworkofdepthtomaketheinvestmentestimatetherearesufficientgrounds.Taking extensive investigation andresearch, comparison of similar projects,seriously functional analysis, multi-programcomparison and choice. After full technicalappraisalandeconomicevaluation,andthefinaltechnologically advanced, functional andreliable. Reasonable economic projects, thuscalculate a more accurate and realisticestimationoftheamountofinvestment,sothattheprojectcostfromthestartpositioninginmorereasonablelevel.Thedesignphaseoftheprojectcostcontrolforalongtime,China'sbuildingcontrolveryeffective,-investmentprojectsisnotuncommon,thiswillaffectownersofinvestmentreturns,itaddstotheownersandwithinbudget,aswellasdifficultiesinfundowners,theimpactonthe future management orthe owners makepaymentsinarrears,andsoon.Hence,thecontroloftheprojectcostisofgreatsignificance,howevertheprojectcostistheprimarymeanscontroldesign,Currentlymostofthepropertyownersinthedesignstageseldomworksoncostcontrol,andtheyfoundthatthecostofthedesignwillnothaveagreatimpact,itiswrong,onthecontrary,Designphaseoftheprojectcostcontrolisthemost important step. Because it determinesengineering design, construction methods,materialsandequipmenttypes,modelsoftheprojectcostisofcriticalsignificance,designoptimization phase of the program or minorchanges,projectcostwill haveasignificantimpact,Designphaseoftheprojectcostcontrolofthetotalprojectcostof70%.FollowingishowtocontroltheprojectfromdesigntocreateLaw:ⅰAstheownersmustdesign,thedesignselectedonthequalitylevelisadirectimpactonthequalityofproductdesignlevel,andthedesignqualityproductsinthelevelofdirectinfluenceonthepricingoftheworks.Differentdesign units onthe same project design aredifferent.thesameitemofdifferentdesigninstituteworksbetweencertainaspectsoftheprojectcostontheexistenceofdifferencesbetween,Weassumethatwithadesignfromtwodifferent design institute to design,Constructionplansafterthecompletionofarequestedadvisoryunitcosttodothebudget,certainlydifferentdesigninstitutethetotalcostoftheprojectisabsolutelynotthesame,andmostofthedifferencebetweenthetwoover10%evenmorethan30%,andnotnecessarilycostthanthedesignoflowcost,andgooddesignisoftenlowcost,Weallknowthatdifferentpeoplehavedifferentdesignstylesanddifferentlevels,thedesignworksnaturally,thereforechosentodesignunitsisthecontrolonthefirststep.Throughtendertoselectthedesignofunitsisagoodmethod,thetenderdocumentstoelaborate on this particular aspect of therequirements,costcontroltargets,andsoon.Otherwise, in the subsequent designprocessdesignunitswillputanincreaseincost of the design requirements; throughtenderingtheprojectdesign intothemarket,comparedtoselectthebestdesignunits.ⅱPromotingthedesignbiddinganddesignoptimizationcampaignmodedesignunitsassessedbyexpertsusingscientificgroupFrance,inaccordancewithapplicable,economic,aestheticprinciplesandadvancedtechnology,reasonablestructuretomeetbuildingenergyefficiencyandenvironmental requirements, comprehensiveassessmentofthemeritsoftheprogramdesign,selection of the best determination of thesuccessfulprogram.Successfulinvestmentprogramestimatedtobeclosetothegeneralconstructionprojectscope of investment. This means two designcontractswillhelpdesigntheprogramofchoiceand competition to ensure that the selecteddesign advanced technology, unique novelty,adaptability,aswellastocontrolthecostofthe project. Design units should strive toimprove their quality of the project designcleveridea,contemporaryreducingtheprojectcostontoracktheirbrainstoimprovedesignquality,strivetoputthedesignphaseoftheprojectcostcontrolapprovaloftheinvestmentceiling.ⅲStrengtheningthedesignstageofthedesignphasetostrengthensupervisionoftheCommissionertodetermineareasonabledesign,maturetechnology,reductionintheconstructionphasemajordesignchangesandchangesintheprogram,intheeffectivecontroloftheprojectcostwillplayarole.1tothedesignoftheproject if the project supervision to getinvolved, excluding unfavorable factors maygenerallyisexcludedfromthe80%errors.Intheentire process of building cost control,constructionbeganatbesttosaveandinvest20%,thekeyliesintheconstructionphaseoftheidentificationandcontrolcosts.Supervisionofthedesignphaseinclude:DesignInstituteunderthedesigndrawingsandnoteshelpownersdealwithdifferentdesignoptionsfortheeconomy,capitalexpendituretodevelopthepreliminaryestimates,toensurethattheinvestmentcanmosteffectivelyutilized.WiththeownersoftheCommissionerinclude:According to the Design Institute toprovidedesigndrawingsandnotestohelpownersdeal with different design options for theeconomy, capital expenditures todevelop thepreliminaryplantoensurethatinvestmentcanbemost effectively used; with the owners ofdifferentdesignoptions,theneedtocalculatetheirownmaterialsandequipmenttoconductacostanalysisandstudy,tothedesignstaffcosts,toassistthemintheinvestmentlimitwithinlimitsdesignedtosaveandinvest.Toseekaone-time small investment and economic gooddesignprogrammadethemostrationaleconomicindicators.Insummary,projectcostcontrolisawholeprocessofcontrol,itshouldbesaidthatlinkisnoroomforcomplacency,andeachonelinksarealsoimportant.WithChina'sentryintothe WTO, China was the main investmentdiversification, investment side of costreduction, cost control, improves returns oninvestment increasing attention. Therefore,changes to the original construction costestimate,budget,budget,contractprices,andthesettlementpriceaccountsforthecompletionofthemove.Lackofcontinuityofthesituation,thelaunchcontrolsysteminvestmentprojects,investmentinconstructionprojectstoimprovethelevelofcontrol.Canpromotethecountry'ssocialistmarketeconomicdevelopment,adapttheglobaleconomicintegrationprocess.References

WeiRuiLi, WangXuePeng. Constructionengineeringprojectcostmanagementdiscussion[J].Jwit,2011,(19).JiaoTianLei.Engineeringprojectcostmanagementinthewholeprocessofmanagementcontrol[J].Gansuandscienceandtechnology,2009(3).ZhangHongBin.Forenterpriseengineeringprojectcostmanagementandcontroldiscussion[J].Tianjinmetallurgy,2010,(4).SuYong,GeWeiPing.Substationprojectcostmanagementcurrentsituationanalysisandcountermeasuresstudy[J].ElectricengineeringinAnhuivocationaltechnicalcollegejournal,2006,(4).LiuYingMin.Ofengineeringprojectcostmanagement[J].Shanxibuilding,2007,(11).MaiHuican.Shallowengineeringprojectcostmanagementandcostcontrol[J].Sichuanbuildingmaterials,2007,(2).譯文工程造價(jià)管理控制各階段的工程造價(jià)管理工作的重要性,并提出了若干關(guān)鍵性舉措。關(guān)鍵詞階段；設(shè)計(jì)階段；實(shí)施階段是合理確定和有效控制工程造價(jià)。作為這項(xiàng)工程的費(fèi)用,以項(xiàng)目貫穿整個(gè)過程中,以降低工程成本有一個(gè)合理控制的范圍和成本的核定限額。5080來，表現(xiàn)為國家直接參與管理經(jīng)濟(jì)活動。規(guī)定在設(shè)計(jì)編制、審批、管理權(quán)限,等等。隨著歷史進(jìn)程經(jīng)過恢復(fù)、改