2023年6月英語四級真題及答案2

2023年6月大學英語四級考試真題及答案詳解Totalscore:710Totaltimeallowed:125minutes特注：2023年6月大學四級考試采用多題多卷形式，本試卷含兩套寫作題，考生可以任選其一。PartIWriting(多題多卷寫作題1)(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthenexpressyourviewsontheimportanceofdoingsmallthingsbeforeundertakingsomethingbig.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIWriting(多題多卷寫作題2)(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthenexpressyourviewsontheimportanceofreadingliterature.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.CanDigitalTextbookTrulyReplacethePrintKind?Theshortcomingsoftraditionalprinteditiontextbooksareobvious:Forstartersthey’reheavy,withtheaveragephysicstextbookweighing3.6pounds.They’realsoexpensive,especiallywhenyoufactorintheaveragecollegestudent’slimitedbudget,typicallycostinghundredsofdollarseverysemester.Buttheworstpartisthatprintversionoftextbooksareconstantlyundergoingrevisions.Manyprofessorsrequirethattheirstudentsuseonlythelatestversionsintheclassroom,essentiallyrenderingoldertextsunusable.Forstudents,itmeansthey’rebasicallystuckwithafourpoundpaper-weightthattheycan’tsellback.Whichiswhydigitaltextbooks,iftheyliveuptotheirpromise,couldhelpeasemanyoftheseshortcomings.Buttillnow,they’vebeensomethinglikeamirage〔幻影〕inthedistance,morelikeahazy〔模糊的〕dreamthananactualreality.Imaginethepromise:Carryingallyourtextbooksina1.3poundiPad?Itsoundsalmosttoogoodtobetrue.Butthereareafewpilotschoolsalreadymakingthetransition〔過渡〕overtodigitalbooks.UniversitieslikeCornellandBrownhavejumpedonboard.AndonemedicalprogramattheUniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,gavetheirentireclassiPadswithwhichtodownloadtextbooksjustlastyear.Butnotallwereeagertojumpaboard.“PeopleweretiredofusingtheiPadtextbookbesidesusingitforreading,〞saysKalpitShah,whowillbegoingintohissecondyearatIrvine’smedicalprogramthisfall.“Theyweren’tusingitasasourceofcommunicationbecausetheycouldn’treadorwriteinit.SoathirdofthepeopleinmyprogramwereusingtheiPadinclasstotakenotes,theotherthirdwereusinglaptopsandthelastthirdwereusingpaperandpencil.〞Thereasonithasn’tcaughtonyet,hetellsme,isthatthefunctionalityofe-editiontextbooksisincrediblylimited,andsomestudentsjustaren’tmotivatedtolearnnewstudybehavior.ButanewapplicationcalledInklingmightchangeallthat.Thecompanyjustreleasedanupdatedversionlastweek,andit’llbeutilizedinover50undergraduateandgraduateclassroomsthiscomingschoolyear.“Digitaltextbooksarenotgoingtocatchon,〞saysInklingCEOMattMaclnnisashe’sgivingmeademo〔演示〕overcoffee.“WhatImeanbythatisthecurrentperspectiveofthedigitaltextbookisit’sanexactcopyoftheprintbook.There’sCourseSmart,etc.,theseguyswhotakeanyimageofthepageandputitonascreen.Ifthat’showwe’redefiningdigitaltextbooks,there’snohopeofthatbecomingamainstreamproduct.〞HecallsInklingaplatformforpublisherstobuildrichmultimediacontentfromthegroundup,withaheavyemphasisonreal-worldfunctionality.Thetraditionaltextbookmerelyservesasaskeleton.AtfirstglanceInklingisanimpressiveexperience.Afterswiping〔敲擊〕intotheiPadapp(應用軟件),whichyoucangetforfreehere,heopensupafewdifferenttypesoftextbooks.Upfirstisachemistrybook.Theboottimeisprettyfast,andhenavigatesthrough(瀏覽)afewchaptersbeforeswipingintoafullyrendered3Dmoleculethatcanbespunaroundtoviewitsvariousbuildingblocks.“Publishersgiveusallofthesourcemedia,artwork,videos,〞hesays,“Wehelpthemthinkthroughhowtoactuallybuildsomethingforthisplatform.〞Nexthepullsupamusiccompositiontextbook,completewithplayabledemos.It’salearningexperiencethatattacksyoufrommultiplesensorydirections.It’sclearwhythiswouldbesomethingamusicmajorwouldlove.ButthemostexcitingpartaboutInkling,tome,isitsnotation〔批注〕system.Here’showitworks!Whenyoupurchaseausedprintbook,itcomeswithitspreviousowner’shighlightsandnotesinthemargins.Itusestheexperienceofsomeonewhoalreadywentthroughtheclasstohelpimproveyourreading(howmuchyoutrusteachnotationisobviouslyuptoyou).Butwithlnkling,youcanhighlightapieceofcontentandmakenotes.Here’swherethingsgetinteresting,though:Ifaparticularlyimportantpassageishighlightedbymultiplelnklingusers,thatinformationisstoredonthecloudandisavailableforanyonereadingthesametextbooktocomeacross.ThatmeansusershaveaccesstonotesfromnotonlytheirclassmatesandFacebookfriends,butanyonewhopurchasedthebookacrossthecountry.Thebestcommentsarethensorteddemocraticallybyavotingsystem,meaningthatyoursociallearningexperienceissharedwiththebestandbrightestthinkers.Asabonus,professorscanevenchimein(插話)ondiscussions.They’llbeabletoanswerthequestionsofstudentswhoareintheirclassdirectlyviatheinteractivebook.Ofcourse,Inklingaddressesseveraloftheothershortcomingsintraditionalprintaswell.Textbookversionsareconstanlyupdated,motivatingpublishersbyminimizingproductioncosts(thebigoneslikeMcGraw-Hillarealreadyonboard).Furthermore,studentswillbeabletopurchasesectionsofthetextinsteadofbuyingthewholething,withindividualchapterscostingaslittleas$2.99.Thereare,however,challenges.“Ittakeseffortstobuildeachbook,〞Maclnnistellsme.Andit’sclearwhy.Eachinteractivetextbookisamedia-heavyexperiencebuiltfromthegroundup,andyoucantellthatittakesarespectableamountofmanpowertoputtogethereachone.FornowtheappisalsoiPad-exclusive,andthoughafewoftheseeducationalinstitutionsaregivingthehardwareawayforfree,forotherstudentswhodon’thavesuchaluxuryit’sanaddedlayerofcost—andanexpensiveoneatthat.Butthismuchisclear.Thetraditionaltextbookmodelisandhasbeenbrokenforquitesometime.WhetherdigitallyinteractiveoneslikeInklingactuallytakeoffornotremainstobeseen,andweprobablywon’thaveadefiniteanswerforthenextfewyears.Howeverthesolutiontoanyproblembeginswithastepinadirection.Andatleastfornow,thathazymirageinthedistance?Alittlemoretangible(可觸摸的),alittlelessofadream.1.Thebiggestproblemwithtraditionalprinttextbooksisthat_____.A)theyarenotreusedonceaneweditioncomesoutB)theycosthundredsofdollarseverysemesterC)theyaretooheavytocarryaroundD)theytakealongertimetorevise2.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutdigitaltextbooks?A)It’snotlikelytheywillreplacetraditionaltextbooks.B)Theyhaven’tfixedalltheshortcomingsofprintbooks.C)Veryfewofthemareavailableinthemarket.D)Manypeoplestillhavedifficultyusingthem.3.AccordingtoKalpitShah,somestudentsstillusepaperandpencilbecause_____.A)theyfindittroublesometotakenoteswithaniPadB)theyareunwillingtochangetheirstudybehaviorC)theyhavegettiredofreadingontheiPadD)theyarenotusedtoreadingonthescreen4.InklingCEOMattMaclnnisexplainsthattheproblemwithCourseSmart’scurrentdigitaltextbooksisthat_____.A)theyhavetoberevisedrepeatedlyB)theyareinconvenienttouseinclassC)theyaredifferentfrommostmainstreamproductsD)theyarenomorethanprintversionsputonascreen5.MattMaclnnisdescribestheupdatedversionoflnklingas_____.A)agoodexampleofthemainstreamproductsB)amarvelousproductofmanycreativeideasC)aplatformforbuildingmultimediacontentD)amereskeletonoftraditionaltextbooks6.Theauthorismostexcitedaboutlnkling’snotationsystembecauseonecan_____.A)sharehislearningexperiencewiththebestandbrightestthinkersB)participateindiscussionswithclassmatesandFacebookfriendsC)voteforthebestlearnersdemocraticallyD)storeinformationonthecloud7.Oneadditionaladvantageoftheinteractivedigitaltextbookisthat_____.A)studentscanswitchtodifferentdiscussionsatanypointB)studentscandownloadrelevantcriticalcommentsC)professorscanjoininstudents’onlinediscussionsD)professorscangivepromptfeedbacktostudents’homework8.Oneofthechallengestobuildaninteractivedigitaltextbookfromthegroundupisthatistakesagreatdealof_____.9.Oneproblemforstudentstoreplacetraditionaltextbookswithinteractivedigitalonesisthehigh______ofthehardware.10.Accordingtotheauthor,whetherdigitaltextbookswillcatchonstill_____.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.11.A)Childrenshouldbetaughttobemorecareful.B)Childrenshouldn’tdrinksomuchorangejuice.C)Thereisnoneedforthemantomakesuchafuss.D)Timmyshouldlearntodothingsintherightway.12.A)Fitnesstraining.B)Thenewjoboffer.C)Computerprogramming.D)Directorshipoftheclub.13.A)Heneedstobuyanewsweater.B)Hehasgottosaveonfuelbills.C)Thefuelpricehasskyrocketed.D)Theheatingsystemdoesn’twork.14.A)Committingtheft.B)Takingpictures.C)Windowshopping.D)Posingforthecamera.15.A)Sheistakingsomemedicine.B)Shehasnotseenadoctoryet.C)Shedoesnottrusttheman’sadvice.D)Shehasalmostrecoveredfromthecough.16.A)Pamela’sreportisnotfinishedasscheduled.B)Pamelahasahabitofdoingthingsinahurry.C)Pamelaisnotgoodatwritingresearchpapers.D)Pamela’smistakescouldhavebeenavoided.17.A)Intheleft-luggageoffice.B)Atthehotelreception.C)Inahotelroom.D)Atanairport.18.A)Shewasanexcellentstudentatcollege.B)Sheworksintheentertainmentbusiness.C)Sheisfondoftellingstoriesinherspeech.D)Sheisgoodatconveyinghermessage.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Arrangingthewoman’sappointmentwithMr.Romero.B)Fixingthetimeforthedesigner’slatestfashionshow.C)TalkingaboutanimportantgatheringonTuesday.D)PreparingforthefilmingonMondaymorning.20.A)HertraveltoJapan.B)Theawardsceremony.C)Theproperhairstyleforhernewrole.D)Whentostartthemakeupsession.21.A)HeisMr.Romero’sagent.B)Heisanentertainmentjournalist.C)Heisthewoman’sassistant.D)Heisafamousmoviestar.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22.A)Makeanappointmentforaninterview.B)Sendinanapplicationletter.C)Fillinanapplicationform.D)Makeabriefself-introductiononthephone.23.A)Someonehavingacollegedegreeinadvertising.B)Someoneexperiencedinbusinessmanagement.C)Someonereadytotakeonmoreresponsibilities.D)Someonewillingtoworkbeyondregularhours.24.A)Travelopportunities.B)Handsomepay.C)Prospectsforpromotion.D)Flexibleworkinghours.25.A)Itdependsontheworkinghours.B)It’sabout500poundaweek.C)ItwillbesetbytheHumanResources.D)Itistobenegotiated.SectionBDirections:Inthissectionyouwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Togivecustomersawiderrangeofchoices.B)Tomakeshoppersseeasmanyitemsaspossible.C)Tosupplyasmanyvarietiesofgoodsasitcan.D)Togivespaceformoreprofitableproducts.27.A)Onthetopshelves.B)Onthebottomshelves.C)Oneasilyaccessibleshelves.D)Onclearlymarkedshelves.28.A)Manyofthembuythingsonimpulse.B)Afewofthemarefatherswithbabies.C)Amajorityofthemareyoungcouples.D)Over60%ofthemmakeshoppinglists.29.A)Salesassistantspromotinghighmargingoods.B)Salesassistantsfollowingcustomersaround.C)Customerscompetingforgoodbargains.D)Customerslosingallsenseoftime.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.A)Teachingmathematicsataschool.B)Doingresearchinaninstitute.C)Studyingforacollegedegree.D)Workinginahigh-techcompany.31.A)Hestudiedthedesignsofvariouschoices.B)Hedidexperimentstodifferentmaterials.C)Heboughtanalarmclockwithapigface.D)Heaskeddifferentpeoplefortheiropinions.32.A)Itsautomaticmechanism.B)Itsmanufacturingpattern.C)Itswayofwakingpeopleup.D)Itsfunny-lookingpigface.Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A)It’softencausedbyachangeofcircumstances.B)Itusuallydoesn’trequireanyspecialattention.C)Itusuallyappearsallofasudden.D)Itusuallylastsforseveralyears.34.A)Theycan’tmixwellwithothers.B)Theyemotionallyreceivetheirfriends.C)Theydependseverelyonfamilymembers.D)Theysharesimilarinterestswithfriends.35.A)Theylackconsistentsupportfrompeers.B)Theydoubttheirownpopularity.C)Theywerebornpsychologicallyweak.D)Theyfocustoomuchattentiononthemselves.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanksyoucaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finallywhenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Therewasatimewhenanypersonalinformationthatwasgatheredaboutuswastypedonapieceofpaperand(36)________awayinafilecabinet.Itcouldremainthereforyearsand,often(37)________,neverreachtheoutsideworld.Thingshavedoneacompleteabout-facesincethen.(38)________forthechangehasbeentheastonishingly(39)________developmentinrecentyearsofthecomputer.Today,anydatathatis(40)________aboutusinoneplaceoranother—andforonereasonoranother—canbestoredinacomputerbank.Itcanthenbeeasilypassedtoothercomputerbanks.Theyareownedby(41)________andbyprivatebusinessesandcorporations,lending(42)________,directmailingandtelemarketingfirms,creditbureaus,creditcardcompanies,andgovernment(43)________atthelocal,state,andfederallevel.AgrowingnumberofAmericansareseeingtheaccumulationanddistributionofcomputerizeddateasafrighteninginvasionoftheirprivacy.(44)____________________________________________________________________asthecomputerbecomesincreasinglyefficient,easiertooperate,andlesscostlytopurchaseandmaintain.In1970,anationalsurveyshowedthat(45)____________________________________________________________________.Sevenyearslater,47percentexpressedthesameworry.(46)____________________________________________________________________.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Walking,ifyoudoitvigorouslyenough,istheoverallbestexerciseforregularphysicalactivity.Itrequiresnoequipment,everyoneknowshowtodoitanditcarriesthe47riskofinjury.Thehumanbodyisdesignedtowalk.Youcanwalkinparksoralongariverorinyourneighborhood.Toget48benefitfromwalking,aimfor45minutesaday,anaverageoffivedaysaweek.Strengthtrainingisanotherimportant49ofphysicalactivity.Itspurposeistobuildand50boneandmusclemass,bothofwhichshrinkwithage.Ingeneral,youwillwanttodostrengthtrainingtwoorthreedaysaweek,51recoverydaysbetweensessions.Finally,flexibilityandbalancetrainingare52importantasthebodyages.Achesandpainsarehighonthelistofcomplaintsinoldage.Theresultofconstantmuscletensionandstiffnessofjoints,manyofthemare53,andsimpleflexibilitytrainingcan54thesebymakingmusclesstrongerandkeepingjointslubricated(潤滑).Someofthisyoudowheneveryoustretch.Ifyouwatchdogsandcats,you’llgetanideaofhownaturalitis.Thegeneral55issimple:wheneverthebodyhasbeeninonepositionforawhile,itisgoodto56stretchitinanoppositeposition.A)allowingF)helpingK)preventA)allowingF)helpingK)preventB)avoidableG)increasinglyL)principleC)brieflyH)lowestM)provokeD)componentI)maintainN)seriouslyE)determinedJ)maximumO)topicSectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Junkfoodiseverywhere.We’reeatingwaytoomuchofit.Mostofusknowwhatwe’redoingandyetwedoitanyway.Sohere’sasuggestionofferedbytworesearchersattheRandCorporation:Whynottakealessonfromalcoholcontrolpoliciesandapplythemtowherefoodissoldandhowit’sdisplayed?“Manypolicymeasurestocontrolobesity〔肥胖癥〕assumethatpeopleconsciouslyandrationallychoosewhatandhowmuchtheyeatandthereforefocusonprovidinginformationandmoreaccesstohealthierfoods,〞notethetworesearchers.“Incontrast,〞theresearcherscontinue,“manyregulationsthatdon’tassumepeoplemakerationalchoiceshavebeensuccessfullyappliedtocontrolalcohol,asubstance—likefood—ofwhichimmoderateconsumptionleadstoserioushealthproblems.〞Theresearchreferencesstudiesofpeople’sbehaviorwithfoodandalcoholandresultsofalcoholrestrictions,andthenlistsfiveregulationsthattheresearchersthinkmightbepromisingifappliedtojunkfoods.Amongthem:Densityrestrictions:licensestosellalcoholaren’thandedoutunplannedtoallcomersbutareallotted〔分配〕basedonthenumberofplacesinanareathatalreadysellalcohol.Thesemakealcohollesseasytogetandreducethenumberofpsychologicalcuestodrink.Similarly,theresearcherssay,beingpresentedwithjunkfoodstimulatesourdesiretoeatit.Sowhynotlimitthedensityoffoodoutlets,particularlyonesthatsellfoodrichinemptycalories?Andwhynotlimitsaleoffoodinplacesthataren’tprimarilyfoodstores?Displayandsalesrestrictions:Californiahasaruleprohibitingalcoholdisplaysnearthecashregistersingasstations,andinmostplacesyoucan’tbuyalcoholatdrive-throughfacilities.Atsupermarkets,foodcompaniespaytohavetheirwaresinplaceswherethey’reeasilyseen.Onecouldremovejunkfoodtothebackofthestoreandbanthemfromtheshelvesatcheckoutlines.Theothermeasuresincluderestrictingportionsizes,taxingandprohibitingspecialpricedealsforjunkfoods,andplacingwarninglabelsontheproducts.57.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutjunkfood?A)Peopleshouldbeeducatednottoeattoomuch.B)Itiswidelyconsumeddespiteitsillreputation.C)Itstemptationistoostrongforpeopletoresist.D)Itcausesmoreharmthanisgenerallyrealized.58.WhatdotheRandresearchersthinkofmanyofthepolicymeasurestocontrolobesity?A)Theyshouldbeimplementedeffectively.B)Theyprovidemisleadinginformation.C)Theyarebasedonwrongassumptions.D)Theyhelppeoplemakerationalchoices.59.Whydopolicymakersofalcoholcontrolplacedensityrestrictions?A)Fewpeopleareabletoresistalcohol’stemptations.B)Therearealreadytoomanystoressellingalcohol.C)Drinkingstrongalcoholcancausesocialproblems.D)Easyaccessleadstocustomers’over-consumption.60.WhatisthepurposeofCalifornia’sruleaboutalcoholdisplayingasstations?A)Toeffectivelylimitthedensityofalcoholoutlets.B)Tohelpdriverstogiveupthehabitofdrinking.C)Topreventpossibletrafficjamsinnearbyareas.D)Togetalcoholoutofdrivers’immediatesight.61.WhatisthegeneralguidelinetheRandresearcherssuggestaboutjunkfoodcontrol?A)Guidingpeopletomakerationalchoicesaboutfood.B)Enhancingpeople’sawarenessoftheirownhealth.C)Borrowingideasfromalcoholcontrolmeasures.D)Resortingtoeconomic,legalandpsychologicalmeans.PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Kodak’sdecisiontofileforbankruptcy〔破產〕protectionisasad,thoughnotunexpected,turningpointforaleadingAmericancorporationthatpioneeredconsumerphotographyanddominatedthefilmmarketfordecades,butultimatelyfailedtoadapttothedigitalrevolution.AlthoughmanyattributeKodak’sdownfallto“complacency(自滿),〞thatexplanationdoesn’tacknow-ledgethelengthstowhichthecompanywenttoreinventitself.Decadesago,Kodakanticipatedthatdigitalphotographywouldovertakefilm—andinfact,Kodakinventedthefirstdigitalcamerain1975—butinafatefuldecision,thecompanychosetoshelfitsnewdiscoverytofocusonitstraditionalfilmbusiness.Itwasn’tthatKodakwasblindtothefuture,saidRebeccaHenderson,aprofessoratHarvardKodakisanexampleofafirmthatwasverymuchawarethattheyhadtoadapt,andspentalotofmoneytryingtodoso,butultimatelyfailed.Largecompanieshaveadifficulttimeswitchingintonewmarketsbecausethereisatemptationtoputexistingassetsintothenewbusinesses.AlthoughKodakanticipatedtheinevitableriseofdigitalphotography,itscorporate〔企業(yè)的〕culturewastoorootedinthesuccessesofthepastforittomakethecleanbreaknecessarytofullyembracethefuture.Theywereacompanystuckintime.Theirhistorywassoimportanttothem.Nowtheirhistoryhasbecomealiability.Kodak’sdownfalloverthelastseveraldecadeswasdramatic.In1976,thecompanycommanded90%ofthemarketforphotographicfilmand85%ofthemarketforcameras.Butthe1980sbroughtnewcompetitionfromJapanesefilmcompanyFujiPhoto,whichunderminedKodakbyofferinglowerpricesforfilmandphotosupplies.Kodak’sdecisionnottopursuetheroleofofficialfilmforthe1984LosAngelesOlympicswasamajormiscalculation.ThebidwentinsteadtoFuji,whichexploiteditssponsorshiptowinapermanentfootholdinthemarketplace.62.WhatdowelearnaboutKodak?A)Itwentbankruptallofasudden.B)Itisapproachingitsdownfall.C)Itinitiatedthedigitalrevolutioninthefilmindustry.D)Itisplayingadominantroleinthefilmmarket.63.WhydoestheauthormentionKodak’sinventionofthefirstdigitalcamera?A)Toshowitsearlyattempttoreinventitself.B)Toshowitsefforttoovercomecomplacency.C)Toshowitsquickadaptationtothedigitalrevolution.D)ToshowitswilltocompetewithJapan’sFujiphoto.64.Whydolargecompanieshavedifficultyswitchingtonewmarkets?A)Theyfinditcostlytogiveuptheirexistingassets.B)Theytendtobeslowinconfrontingnewchallenges.C)Theyareunwillingtoinvestinnewtechnology.D)Theyaredeeplystuckintheirgloriouspast.65.WhatdoestheauthorsayKodak’shistoryhasbecome?A)Aburden.B)Amirror.C)Ajoke.D)Achallenge.66.WhatwasKodak’sfatalmistake?A)Itsblindfaithintraditionalphotography.B)ItsfailuretoseeFujiphoto’semergence.C)Itsrefusaltosponsorthe1984Olympics.D)Itsoverconfidenceinitscorporateculture.PartVCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Whetheryouthinkyouneeddaytimerestornot,pickingupanap〔午睡〕habitisasmart,healthymove.TheMayoClinicsaysnaps67relaxation,bettermoodandalertness,andasharperworking68.A2023Britishstudyfoundthatcomparedtogettingmorenighttimesleep,amid-daynapwasthebestwaytocope69themid-afternoonsleepiness.AccordingtotheHarvardHealthLetter,severalstudieshaveshownthatpeople70newinformationbetterwhentheytakeanapshortlyafterlearningit.