2018年12月6級英語真題第二套

2018年12月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題（第2套）PartIWriting (30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonhowtobalancejobresponsibilitiesandpersonalinterests.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartIIListeningComprehension (30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversationsAttheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Stopworryingabouthim. B)Keepawayfromthestatue. C)Takeapictureofhim. D)Putonasmileforthephoto.2.A)GaininggreatfameontheInternet. B)Publishingacollectionofhisphotos. C)Collectingthebestphotosintheworld. D)Becomingaprofessionalphotographer.3.A)Surfingvariouswebsitesandcollectingphotos. B)Editinghispicturesandpostingthemonline. C)Followingsimilaraccountstocomparenotes. D)Studyingthepicturesinpopularsocialmedia.4.A)Theyarefarfromsatisfactory. B)Theyaremostlytakenbyhermom. C)Theymakeanimpressivealbum. D)Theyrecordherfondmemories.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)Ajournalreportingthelatestprogressinphysics. B)Anintroductorycourseofmodernphysics. C)Anoccasionforphysiciststoexchangeideas. D)Aseriesofinterviewswithoutstandingphysicists.6.A)Thefutureofthephysicalworld. B)Theoriginoftheuniverse. C)Sourcesofradiation. D)Particletheory.7.A)Howmattercollideswithanti-matter. B)Whethertheuniversewillturnbarren. C)Whythereexistsanti-matter. D)Whythereisauniverseatall.8.A)Matterandanti-matterareoppositesofeachother. B)Anti-matterallowedhumanstocomeintoexistence. C)Theuniverseformedduetoasufficientamountofmatter. D)Anti-matterexistsinveryhigh-temperatureenvironments.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Shefoundherselfspeakingaforeignlanguage. B)Shewokeupspeakingwithadifferentaccent. C)Shefoundsomesymptomsofherillnessgone. D)Shewokeupfindingherselfinanothercountry.10.A)Itisusuallycausedbyastrokeorbraininjury. B)Ithasnotyetfoundanyeffectivetreatment. C)Itleavesthepatientwithadistortedmemory. D)Itoftenhappenstopeoplewithspeechdefects.11.A)British.B)Irish. C)Russian.D)Australian.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.A)Watersports. B)Racinginrivers. C)Storiesaboutwomenswimmers. D)Booksaboutswimming.13.A)ShesucceededinswimmingacrosstheEnglishChannel. B)ShepublishedaguidetoLondon’sbestswimmingspots. C)Shetoldherstoryofadventurestosomeyoungswimmers. D)ShewroteabookaboutthehistoryofswimwearintheUK.14.A)Theylovedvacationingontheseashore. B)Theyhadauniquenotionofmodesty. C)Theywereprohibitedfromswimming. D)Theywerefullydressedwhenswimming.15.A)Shedesignedlotsofappropriateswimwearforwomen. B)Sheoncesuccessfullycompetedagainstmeninswimming. C)ShewasthefirstwomantoswimacrosstheEnglishChannel. D)Shewasanadvocateofwomen’srighttoswiminpublicpools.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Buildamachinethatcandetectlies. B)Developamagneticbrainscanner. C)Testthecredibilityofcourtevidence. D)Winpeople’scompletetrustinthem.17.A)Theyareoptimisticaboutitspotential. B)Theyarescepticalofitsreliability. C)Theythinkitisbutbusinesspromotion. D)Theycelebrateitwithgreatenthusiasm.18.A)Itisnottobetrustedatall. B)Itdoesnotsoundeconomical. C)Itmayintrudeintopeople’sprivacy. D)Itmayleadtooveruseincourttrials.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)Mostofitsresidentsspeakseverallanguages. B)Someofitsindigenouslanguagesaredyingout. C)Eachvillagetherespeaksatotallydifferentlanguage. D)Itslanguageshaveinterestedresearcherstheworldover.20.A)Theyarespreadrandomlyacrosstheworld. B)Somearemoredifficulttolearnthanothers. C)Morearefoundintropicalregionsthaninthemildzones. D)Theyenrichandimpacteachotherinmorewaysthanone.21.A)Theyuseddifferentmethodstocollectandanalyzedata. B)Theyidentifieddistinctpatternsoflanguagedistribution. C)Theirconclusionsdonotcorrespondtotheiroriginalhypotheses. D)Thereisnoconclusiveaccountforthecauseoflanguagediversity.Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.22.A)Itsmiddle-classisdisappearing. B)Itswealthisrationallydistributed. C)Itspopulationisrapidlygrowing. D)Itscherisheddreamiscomingtrue.23.A)Successwasbutadreamwithoutconscientiouseffort. B)Theycouldrealizetheirdreamsthroughhardwork. C)Afewdollarscouldgoalongway. D)Wealthwassharedbyallcitizens.24.A)Betterworkingconditions. B)Better-payingjobs. C)Highsocialstatus. D)Fullemployment.25.A)Reducetheadministrativecosts. B)Adopteffectivebusinessmodels. C)Hirepart-timeemployeesonly. D)Makeuseofthelatesttechnology.PartIII ReadingComprehension (40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.SurfingtheInternetduringclassdoesn'tjuststealfocusfromtheeducator;italsohurtsstudentswho'realreadystrugglingto26thematerial.AnewstudyfromMichiganStateUniversity,though,arguesthatallstudents—includinghighachievers—seeadeclineinperformancewhentheybrowsetheInternetduringclassfornon-academicpurposes.TomeasuretheeffectsofInternet-baseddistractionsduringclass,researchers27500studentstakinganintroductorypsychologyclassatMichiganStateUniversity.ResearchersusedACTscoresasameasureofintellectual28.Becausepreviousresearchhasshownthatpeoplewithhighintellectualabilitiesarebetterat29outdistractions,researchersbelievedstudentswithhighACTscoreswouldnotshowa30decreaseinperformanceduetotheiruseofdigitaldevices.ButstudentswhosurfedthewebduringclassdidworseontheirexamsregardlessoftheirACTscores,suggestingthateventheacademicallysmarteststudentsareharmedwhenthey'redistractedinclass.Collegeprofessorsareincreasingly31alarmbellsabouttheeffectssmartphones,laptops,andtabletshaveonacademicperformance.One2013studyofcollegestudentsfoundthat80%ofstudentsusetheirphonesorlaptopsduringclass,withtheaveragestudentcheckingtheirdigitaldevice11timesina32class.Aquarterofstudentsreportthattheiruseofdigitaldevicesduringclasscausestheirgradesto33.Professorssometimesimplementpoliciesdesignedto34students'useofdigitaldevices,andsomeinstructorsevenconfiscate(沒收)tabletsandphones.Inaworldwherepeopleareincreasinglydependentontheirphones,though,suchstrategiesoftenfail.Oneinternationalstudyfoundthat84%ofpeoplesaytheycouldn'tgoadaywithouttheirsmartphones.Untilstudentsareableto35thepullofsocialnetworking,texting,andendlesslysurfingtheweb,theymaycontinuetostruggleintheirclasses. A)aptitude

I）obscureB)eradication

J)obsessC)

evaluated

K)raisingD)evaporated

L）resistE)filtering

M）significantF)grasp

N)sufferG)legacy

O）typicalH)

minimizeSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.APioneeringWomanofScienceRe-Emergesafter300Years[A]MariaSibyllaMerian,likemanyEuropeanwomenofthe17thcentury,stayedbusymanagingahouseholdandrearingchildren.Butontopofthat,Merian,aGerman-bornwomanwholivedintheNetherlands,alsomanagedasuccessfulcareerasanartist,botanist,naturalistandentomologist（昆蟲學(xué)家）.[B]“Shewasascientistonthelevelwithalotofpeoplewespendalotoftimetalkingabout,”saidKayEtheridge,abiologistatGettysburgCollegeinPennsylvaniawhohasbeenstudyingthescientifichistoryofMerian’swork.“Shedidn'tdoasmuchtochangebiologyasCharlesDarwin,butshewassignificant.”[C]Atatimewhennaturalhistorywasavaluabletoolfordiscovery,Meriandiscoveredfactsaboutplantsandinsectsthatwerenotpreviouslyknown.Herobservationshelpeddismissthepopularbeliefthatinsectsspontaneouslyemergedfrommud.Theknowledgeshecollectedoverdecadesdidn'tjustsatisfythosecuriousaboutnature,butalsoprovidedvaluableinsightsintomedicineandscience.Shewasthefirsttobringtogetherinsectsandtheirhabitats,includingfoodtheyate,intoasingleecologicalcomposition.[D]AfteryearsofpleasingafascinatedaudienceacrossEuropewithbooksofdetaileddescriptionsandlife-sizepaintingsoffamiliarinsects,in1699shesailedwithherdaughternearly5,000milesfromtheNetherlandstoSouthAmericatostudyinsectsinthejunglesofwhatisnowknownasSuriname.Shewas52yearsold.Theresultwashermasterpiece,MetamorphosisInsectorumSurinamensium.[E]Inherwork,sherevealedasideofnaturesoexotic,dramaticandvaluabletoEuropeansofthetimethatshereceivedmuchacclaim.Butacenturylater,herfindingscameunderscientificcriticism.Shoddy（粗糙的）reproductionsofherworkalongwithsetbackstowomen'srolesin18th-and19th-centuryEuroperesultedinhereffortsbeinglargelyforgotten.“Itwaskindofstunningwhenshesortofdroppedoffintooblivion（遺忘）,”saidDr.Etheridge.“Victoriansstartedputtingwomeninabox,andthey'restilltryingtocrawloutofit.”[F]Today,thepioneeringwomanofthescienceshasre-emerged.Inrecentyears,feminists,historiansandartistshaveallpraisedMerian'stenacity（堅韌）,talentandinspirationalartisticcompositions.AndnowbiologistslikeDr.Etheridgearediggingintothescientifictextsthataccompaniedherart.Threehundredyearsafterherdeath,MerianwillbecelebratedataninternationalsymposiuminAmsterdamthisJune.[G]Andlastmonth,MetamorphosisInsectorumSurinamensiumwasrepublished.Itcontains60plates（插圖）andoriginaldescriptions,alongwithstoriesaboutMerian'slifeandupdatedscientificdescriptions.BeforewritingMetamorphosis,MerianspentdecadesdocumentingEuropeanplantsandinsectsthatshepublishedinaseriesofbooks.Shebeganinher20s,makingtextless,decorativepaintingsofflowerswithinsects.“Thenshegotreallyserious,”Dr.Etheridgesaid.Merianstartedraisinginsectsathome,mostlybutterfliesandcaterpillars.“Shewouldsitupallnightuntiltheycameoutofthepupa（蛹）soshecoulddrawthem,”shesaid.[H]Theresultsofherdecades'worthofcarefulobservationsweredetailedpaintingsanddescriptionsofEuropeaninsects,followedbyunconventionalvisualsandstoriesofinsectsandanimalsfromalandthatmostatthetimecouldonlyimagine.It'spossibleMerianusedamagnifyingglasstocapturethedetailofthesplittonguesofsphinxmoths（斯芬克斯飛蛾）depictedinthepainting.Shewrotethatthetwotonguescombinetoformonetubefordrinkingnectar（花蜜）.Somecriticizedthisdetaillater,sayingtherewasjustonetongue,butMerianwasn'twrong.Shemayhaveobservedtheadultmothjustasitemergedfromitspupa.Forabriefmomentduringthatstageofitslifecycle,thetongueconsistsoftwotinyhalf-tubesbeforemergingintoone.[I]Itmaynothavebeenladyliketodepictagiantspiderdevouringahummingbird,butwhenMeriandiditattheturnofthe18thcentury,surprisingly,nobodyobjected.Dr.Etheridgecalleditrevolutionary.Theimage,whichalsocontainednoveldescriptionsofants,fascinatedaEuropeanaudiencethatwasmoreconcernedwiththeexoticstoryunfoldingbeforethemthanthegenderofthepersonwhopaintedit.[J]“Allofthesethingsshookuptheirnice,neatlittleview,”Dr.Etheridgesaid.Butlater,peopleoftheVictorianerathoughtdifferently.Herworkhadbeenreproduced,sometimesincorrectly.Afewobservationsweredeemedimpossible.“She'dbeencalledasillywomanforsayingthataspidercouldeatabird,”Dr.Etheridgesaid.ButHenryWalterBates,afriendofCharlesDarwin,observeditandputitinbookin1863,provingMerianwascorrect.[K]Inthesameplate,Meriandepictedanddescribedleaf-cutterantsforthefirsttime.“InAmericatherearelargeantswhichcaneatwholetreesbareasabroomhandleinasinglenight,”shewroteinthedescription.Meriannotedhowtheantstooktheleavesbelowgroundtotheiryoung.Andshewouldn'thaveknownthisatthetime,buttheantsusetheleavestofarmfungi（菌類）undergroundtofeedtheirdevelopingbabies.[L]Merianwascorrectaboutthegiantbird-eatingspiders,antsbuildingbridgeswiththeirbodiesandotherdetails.Butinthesamedrawing,sheincorrectlylumpedtogetherarmyandleaf-cutterants.Andinsteadofshowingjustthetypicalpairofeggsinahummingbirdnest,shepaintedfour.ShemadeothermistakesinMetamorphosisInsectorumSurinamensiumaswell:noteverycaterpillarandbutterflymatched.[M]PerhapsoneexplanationforhermistakesisthatshecutshortherSurinametripaftergettingsick,andcompletedthebookathomeinAmsterdam.Anderrorsarecommonamongsomeofhistory'smost-celebratedscientificminds,too.“TheseerrorsnomoreinvalidateMs.Merian'sworkthandowell-knownmisconceptionspublishedbyCharlesDarwinorIsaacNewton,”Dr.Etheridgewroteinapaperthatarguedthattoomanyhavewronglyfocusedonthemistakesofherwork.[N]Merian’spaintingsinspiredartistsandecologists.Inan1801drawingfromhisbook,GeneralZoologyAmphibia,GeorgeShaw,anEnglishbotanistandzoologist,creditedMerianfordescribingafrogintheaccountofherSouthAmericanexpedition,andnamedtheyoungtreefrogafterherinhisportrayalofit.Itwouldn'tbefairtogiveMerianallthecredit.Shereceivedassistancenamingplants,makingsketchesandreferencingtheworkofothers.Herdaughtershelpedhercolorherdrawings.[O]MerianalsomadenoteofthehelpshereceivedfromthenativesofSuriname,aswellasslavesorservantsthatassistedher.Insomeinstancesshewrotemovingpassagesthatincludedherhelpersindescriptions.Asshewroteinherdescriptionofthepeacockflower,“TheIndians,whoarenottreatedwellbytheirDutchmasters,usetheseedstoaborttheirchildren,sothattheywillnotbecomeslaveslikethemselves.TheblackslavesfromGuineaandAngolahavedemandedtobewelltreated,threateningtorefusetohavechildren.Infact,theysometimestaketheirownlivesbecausetheyaretreatedsobadly,andbecausetheybelievetheywillbebornagain,freeandlivingintheirownland.Theytoldmethisthemselves.”[P]LondaSchiebinger,aprofessorofthehistoryofscienceatStanfordUniversity,calledthispassageratherastonishing.It'sparticularlystrikingcenturieslaterwhentheseissuesarestillprominentinpublicdiscussionsaboutsocialjusticeandwomen’srights.“Shewasaheadofhertime,”Dr.Etheridgesaid.36.MerianwasthefirstscientisttostudyatypeofAmericanant.37.TheEuropeanaudiencewasmoreinterestedinMerian'sdrawingsthanhergender.38.Merian'smasterpiececameunderattackacenturyafteritspublication.39.Merian’smistakesinherdrawingsmaybeattributedtohershortenedstayinSouthAmerica.40.Merianoftensatupthewholenightthroughtoobserveanddrawinsects.41.MerianacknowledgedthehelpshegotfromnativesofSouthAmerica.42.Meriancontributedgreatlytopeople'sbetterunderstandingofmedicineandscience.43.Merianoccasionallymademistakesinherdrawingsofinsectsandbirds.44.Now,Merian'sroleasafemaleforerunnerinscienceshasbeenre-established.45.MerianmadealongvoyagetoSouthAmericatostudyjungleinsectsoverthreecenturiesago.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whilehumanachievementsinmathematicscontinuetoreachnewlevelsofcomplexity,manyofuswhoaren'tmathematiciansatheart(orengineersbytrade)maystruggletorememberthelasttimeweusedcalculus(微積分).It’safactnotlostonAmericaneducators,whoamidrisingmathfailureratesaredebatinghowmathcanbettermeetthereal-lifeneedsofstudents.Shouldwechangethewaymathistaughtinschools,oreliminatesomecoursesentirely?AndrewHacker,QueensCollegepoliticalscienceprofessor,thinksthatadvancedalgebraandotherhigher-levelmathshouldbecutfromcurriculainfavorofcourseswithmoreroutineusefulness,likestatistics.“Wehearonallsidesthatwe'renotteachingenoughmathematics,andtheChinesearerunningringsaroundus,”Hackersays.“I'msuggestingwe'reteachingtoomuchmathematicstotoomanypeople…noteverybodyhastoknowcalculus.Ifyou'regoingtobecomeanaeronautical(航空的)engineer,fine.Butmostofusaren't.”Instead,HackerispushingformorecoursesliketheoneheteachesatQueensCollege：Numeracy101.There,hisstudentsof“citizenstatistics”learntoanalyzepublicinformationlikethefederalbudgetandcorporatereports.Suchcourses,Hackerargues,arearemedyforthenumericalilliteracyofadultswhohavecompletedhigh-levelmathlikealgebrabutareunabletocalculatethepriceof,say,acarpetbyarea.Hacker'sargumenthasmetwithoppositionfromothermatheducatorswhosaywhat'sneededistohelpstudentsdevelopabetterrelationshipwithmathearlier,ratherthanteachingthemlessmathaltogether.MariaDroujkovaisafounderofNaturalMath,andhastaughtbasiccalculusconceptsto5-year-olds.ForDroujkova,high-levelmathisimportant,andwhatitcoulduseinAmericanclassroomsisaninjectionofchildlikewonder.“Makemathematicsmoreavailable,”Droujkovasays.“Redesignitsoit'smoreaccessibletomorekindsofpeople:youngchildren,adultswhoworryaboutit,adultswhomayhavehadbadexperiences.”PamelaHarris,alecturerattheUniversityofTexasatAustin,hasasimilarperspective.HarrissaysthatAmericaneducationissufferingfromanepidemicof“fakemath”—anemphasisonrotememorization(死記硬背)offormulasandsteps,ratherthananunderstandingofhowmathcaninfluencethewaysweseetheworld.AndrewHacker,fortherecord,remainsskeptical.“I'mgoingtoleaveittothosewhoareinmathematicstoworkoutthewaystomaketheirsubjectinterestingandexcitingsostudentswanttotakeit,”Hackersays.“AllthatIaskisthatalternativesbeofferedinsteadofputtingallofusontheroadtocalculus.”46.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutordinaryAmericans? A)Theystruggletosolvemathproblems. B)Theythinkmathisacomplexsubject. C)Theyfindhigh-levelmathoflittleuse. D)Theyworkhardtolearnhigh-levelmath.47.WhatisthegeneralcomplaintaboutAmerica'smatheducationaccordingtoHacker? A)AmericaisnotdoingaswellasChina. B)Mathprofessorsarenotdoingagoodjob. C)Itdoesn'thelpstudentsdeveloptheirliteracy. D)Therehashardlybeenanyinnovationforyears.48.WhatdoesAndrewHacker'sNumeracy101aimtodo? A)Allowstudentstolearnhigh-levelmathstepbystep. B)Enablestudentstomakepracticaluseofbasicmath. C)Layasolidfoundationforadvancedmathstudies. D)Helpstudentstodeveloptheiranalyticalabilities.49.WhatdoesMariaDroujkovasuggestmathteachersdoinclass? A)Makecomplexconceptseasytounderstand. B)Startteachingchildrenmathatanearlyage. C)Helpchildrenworkwonderswithcalculus. D)Trytoarousestudents'curiosityinmath.50.WhatdoesPamelaHarristhinkshouldbethegoalofmatheducation? A)Toenablelearnerstounderstandtheworldbetter. B)Tohelplearnerstotellfakemathfromrealmath. C)TobroadenAmericans'perspectivesonmath. D)Toexertinfluenceonworlddevelopment.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassageForyears,theU.S.hasexperiencedashortageofregisterednurses.Th