2015暑假高一升高二外研版英語銜接講義

2015年暑假高一升高二外研版英語銜接講義☆專題1 形容詞&副詞（語言的美化師）A.形容詞.倍數(shù)的表達(dá)法:①主語+be+倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞+as②主語+be+倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+than③主語+be+倍數(shù)+the+名詞（size,width,length,height,depth…）+ofE.g.Myroomisthreetimesasbigashis.=Myroomisthreetimesthesizeofhis.=Myroomisthreetimesbiggerthanhis..比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)（"越來越 つ e.g.Hebecametallerandtaller..the+比較級(jí)+...,the+比較級(jí)+...（“越 越 "）e.g.Thesooner,thebetter.越快越好。B.副詞.定義:副詞（adverb,簡寫為adv）是ー種用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、全句的詞,說明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等概念的詞。.分類1）時(shí)間副詞:now,then,soon,today,sometimes,yesterday,tomorrow,ago等。2）頻度畐リ詞:often,always,usually,never,ever,seldom,rarely,frequently,occasionally等。e.g.Heseldomgoestothecinema.Hehadneverbeentherebefore.（否定副詞位于句首呢?試著變化一下）3）程度副詞:quite,so,little,much,very,rather,almost,nearly等。e.g.Hequitelikespopmusic.基礎(chǔ)演練Ifwehadfollowedhisplan,wecouldhavedonethejobbetterwithmoneyandpeople.A.less；lessB.fewer；fewer C.less；fewerD.fewer；lessItisimpossibleforsoworkerstodosoworkinasingleday.A.few；muchB.few；manyC.little；muchD.little；many—Ifyoudon'tliketheredcoat,taketheblueone.一OK,butdoyouhavesizeinblue?Thisoneisabittightforme.A.big B.abigger C.thebig D.thebigger

Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced,thefactoryproducedtractorsin1988astheyearbefore.A.astwicemanyB.asmanytwiceC.twiceasmanyD.twicemanyas—Howdidyoufindyourvisittothemuseum?——Ithoroughlyenjoyedit.ItwasthanIexpected.A.farmoreinteresting B.evenmuchinterestingC.somoreinteresting D.alotmuchinterestingIftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhaveatschoo1.A.thehappiesttimeB.amorehappiertimeC.muchhappiesttimeD.amuchhappiertimeOntheriverthereisbridge.A. anoldfinestone B. afinenewwoodC. astonefineold D. anewwoodfineIfIhad,I'dvisitEurope,stoppingatallthesmallinterestingplaces.A. alongenoughholiday B. anenoughlongholidayC. aholidayenoughlong D. alongholidayenoughItWasrainingheavily.LittleMaryfeltcold,soshestoodtohermother.A.closeB.closelyC.closedD.closingThemeansofgettingfromplacetoplaceinthecityisthebus.A.mostcommonlyusefulpublicB.mostcommonlypublicusedC.publicusedmorecommonlyD.mostcommonlyusedpublicAliceisgoingcampingwithgirls.A.1ittletwoother B.twootherlittleC.two1ittleother D.littleOthertwoWherehaveyoubeendays?A.alllastthesefew B.thesealllastfewC.lastallfewthese D.alltheselastfewHehasmadeprogressthatallofuswanttolearnfromhim.A.suchagood B.sogoodaC.asogood D.suchgoodAllthepeopleatthepartywerehissupporters.A.presentB.thankfulC.interestedD.important15.ThiskindofappletastesandsellsA.well；wellB.good；goodC.good；wellD.well；good16.Thestormkeptmeallthroughthenight.A.awakeB.awokeC.awakedD.awakenA.awakeB.awokeC.awakedD.awakenMybrotherwasstillstudyingintothenightwhileIwasasleep.A.late；soundB.lately；wideC.deeply；farD.far；lateThetemperatureofapersonisabout37℃.A.formalB.normal C.commonD.usualI'malwaysverywhen1wasaskedtorecitethetextinclass.A.curiousB.nervousC.mysteriousD.sadItwasimpossibleforhertogetthe9o'clocktrain,Iknowshegotupat9：15.A.quite B.very C.too D.much能力提升1.Toplantthetree,wemustdig.A.athreefeetdeephole B.three-foot-deepaholeC.aholethreefeetdeep D.athree-feet-deephole2.1thinkheisoneofthebestmenyou've found.A,never B.already C.ever D.once3.theboy'sgrown!Heisalmost hisfather.A.What,astallas B.What,tallerthan C.How,astallasD.How,tallerthan4.1haven'tgotnailstomendthecupboard.Ineedanotherthreeofthem.A.enoughbig B.bigenough C.muchbiggerHenryknowslittleofphysicsofchemistry.A.enoughbig B.bigenough C.muchbiggerHenryknowslittleofphysicsofchemistry.A.aswellas B.nolessthan C.andstillmore—Thedishisdelicious!一Well,atleastit's theoneIcookedyesterday.A.asbadasB.noworsethanC.aswellas—Doyouthinktheweatherisgoodenoughforapicnic?一Yes.Youcouldn'thopefor atthistimeoftheyear.A.aniceday B.thenicedayC.anicerdayItmakesThomasnobetter,anditmakesyouA.best B.good C.wellD.manyenoughD.andstilllessD.nobetterthanD.thenicestdayD.worse9.Withthehelpofthenewequipment,ourfactoriesproduced VCDplayersin2000astheyearbefore.A.asmanyastwiceB.twicemorethan C.astwicemany D.twiceasmanyhadinvited50gueststotheparty,butactuallytwicecame.A.morethan B.asmany C.asmuch D.lessthan—Whydidn'tyougotothecinemalastnight?—Itwassomethinginteresting.A.farless B.moreorlessC.muchmoreD.anyfurtherThepopulationofmanyAlaskancitieshasdoubledinthepastfiveyears.A.largerthanB.morethan C.asgreatlyasD.asmuchas—Thisisagoodplaceforapicnic.—Yes,itcouldn*tbe.A.better B.best C.worst D.worse一HowdoyoulikeyourteacherofEnglish?—Well,nooneteacheshere.A.well B.poorly C.best D.betterInthepoorpartsofAmerica'sbigcitiesthereisalotofcrime,.A.andmuchofitisserious B.muchofitisseriousC.andmanymoreisserious D.moreofitisserious—Doyoulikecats?一Ofcourse.Theyare akindofpet.Theycandomuchgoodfortheirmasters.A.betterthanB.morethan C.nomorethanD.nobetterthanThenewly-builttheatreistheoldone.A.astwicebigas B.twicemorebiggerthanC.twicethesizeof D.twicesobigasI'mafraidthatyourconclusionisfromcorrect.A.far B.free C.differentD.shortThankyouverymuch.It's ofyou.A.kindest B. amostkind C.themostkind D.mostkindWhoeverisneverwiththeprogresshehasmadewillbeasuccess.A.content B. proud C. praised D.enoughMyteacherhasthreebrothers,allthanhe.George,,isanofficer.A.elder,theeldest B. old,theoldest C.elder,theoldone D.older,theeldestYoushouldn'tbetoo aboutthingsyouarenotsupposedtoknow.A.strange B. amusing C. curious D.consciousThenewresearchteamwasledbythe engineer.A.main B. major C. chief D.primaryTheseT-shirts are usually$35each buttodaytheyhave a priceof$19in theshoppingcentre.A.regular B.special C.cheap D.particularItisagoodwayforustomemorizenewwordsbyseeingthem.A.properly B.repeatedly C.clearly D.usually一Whydidshespendsomuchtimesearchingshopaftershopforablouse?一Oh,shewasveryaboutherclothes,A.special B.particular C.especial D.unusualFootballfansareyoungpeoplebetweentheagesoffifteenandtwenty.A.most B.almost C.mostlyIt'sverytolettheoldhaveseatsonthebus.A.thoughtful B.useful C.careful一Mr.Zhang,can1talktoyou A.most B.almost C.mostlyIt'sverytolettheoldhaveseatsonthebus.A.thoughtful B.useful C.careful一Mr.Zhang,can1talktoyou aboutmycomposition?一Sure.HowaboutThursdayafternoon?A.somewhereB.somehow C.sometimeTheearlytrainistoleaveatfiveinthemorning.A.possible B.due C.probableHeenjoysacupofcoffeesometimes,buthedrinkstea.A.most B.almost C.nearlyD.atmostD.funnyD.sometimesD.sureD.mostlyIt'snecessaryforpeopletoknowtheimportanceofprotectingallthewildlife.A.very B.rather C.quite D.tooTheseplasticflowerslookso thatmanypeoplethinktheyarereal.A.natural B.similar C.splendid D.fresh一HowcanIgettotheisland?一Youcan'tgetthere byswimming.A.morethanB.otherthan C.ratherthanD.lessthanOfthetwopictures,theleftonelooksatadistance.A.thebetter B.thebest C.alittlegood D.betterIfyouwishtostudyhard,youmustseefilms.A.moreoften B.oftener C.lessoften D.feweroften一Let*stakeawalkbeforelunch.一Oh,1thinkit'sforwalking.A.muchtoohotB.toomuchhotC.verymuchhotD.verymuchheatboughtatablethedaybeforeyesterday.A.smallroundwooden B.smallwoodenroundC.roundwoodensmall D.roundsmallwoodenItwasawonderthatlittlefoodsavedmanylivesduringthewar.A.so,such B.such,so C.so,so D.such,suchNursesarerequiredtolookafter.A.sickandwound B.sickandwoundedC.thesickandwound D.thesickandwounded☆專題2 謂語動(dòng)詞謂語 謂語動(dòng)詞是句子的“心臟”,在句子中謂語由不同的時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成。"時(shí)態(tài)’’就是謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間和存在的オ,本（“時(shí)’’為時(shí)間,“態(tài)”為狀態(tài)）。時(shí)間:????| 1 1 >過去（past）現(xiàn)在（present） 將來（future） 狀態(tài):進(jìn)行ノ完成主要學(xué)習(xí)了一般將來時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)。.一般將來時(shí)跟一般過去時(shí)都表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間,與狀態(tài)沒有關(guān)系。.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（have/hasdone）表示兩方面的的含義:a,過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并且可能一直持續(xù)下去。b,過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響。（落腳點(diǎn)在現(xiàn)在,注意與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別）.過去完成時(shí)（haddone）表示“過去的過去“（past?in?the?pa§t）.——1 1 1 >那時(shí)以前 那時(shí)（過去） 現(xiàn)在e.g.Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheyarrivedatthehotel..注意過去完成時(shí)跟后面學(xué)的從句聯(lián)系起來 e.g.WhenIwokeup,ithadstoppedraining.過去完成時(shí)還可用在hardly...when nosooner...than…,等固定句型中。e.g.Hardlyhadhebegantospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.（這些半倒裝句子還會(huì)變嗎??相似的還有否定含義的頻度副詞:never,hardly,rarely等;還有引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的s。…that,such…that這些在放于句首時(shí)都用半倒裝。）基礎(chǔ)演練.—Youhaven'tsaidawordaboutmynewcoat?Brenda.Doyoulikeit?一I'msorryI anythingaboutitsooner.1certainlythinkit'sprettyonyou.A.wasn'tsaying B.don'tsayC.won'tsay D.didn'tsaywonderwhyJennyusrecently.Weshouldhaveheardfromherbynow.A.hasn'twritten B.doesn'twrite C.won'twrite D.hadn'twritten.—Whenwillyoucometoseeme,Dad?一1willgotoseeyouwhenyou thetrainingcourse.A.willhavefinishedB.willfinishC.arefinishingD.finish.一Howlongatthisjob?一Since1990.A.wereyouemployed B.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployed D.willyoubeemployed5Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiuminBeijing.A.wouldbecompletedB.wasbeingcompletedC.hasbeencompletedD.hadbeencompleted6Thelittlegirlherheartoutbecauseshehertoybearandbelievedshewasn'tevergoingtofindit.A.hadcried;lost B.cried;hadlostC.hascried;haslostD.cries;haslost8.HewillhavelearnedEnglishforeightyearsbythetimehefromtheuniversitynextyear.A.willgraduate B.willhavegraduatedC.graduatesD.istograduate9.1feelitisyourhusbandwhoforthespoiledchild.A.istoblameB.isgoingtoblameC.istobeblame D.shouldblame10.Hehasbeenwritingthecompositionthewholemorningandhestill.A.hasbeen B.doesC.has D.is1l.Ifcitynoisesfromincreasing*peopleshouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.A.arenotkept;willhaveto B.arenotkept;havetoC.donotkeep;willhaveto D.donotkeep;haveto.Theprice,butIdoubtwhetheritwillremainso.A.wentdown B.willgodownC.hasgonedownD.wasgoingdown.—Howlongeachotherbeforetheymarried?—Foraboutayear.A.havetheyknown;get B.didtheyknow;getC.dotheyknow;aregoingtogetD.hadtheyknown;got.Youcan'tmoveinrightnow.Thehouse.A.haspainted B.ispaintedC.isbeingpaintedD.ispainting.—Hey*lookwhereyouaregoing!-Oh,I'mterriblysorry..A.I'mnotnoticingB.Iwasn'tnoticingC.Ihaven'tnoticedD.Idon'tnotice.ThereportersaidthattheUFOeasttowestwhenhesawit.A.wastraveling B.traveled C.hadbeentravelingD.wastotravel.—Isthisraincoatyours?一No,minetherebehindthedoor.A.ishangingB.hashangC.hangsD.hang1turnedaroundandsaweverybodyatamanwholoudlyinaforeignlanguage.A.wasstaring;wasshoutingB.wasstaring;shoutingC.staring;shouting D.stared;shouted.Henryremainedsilentforamoment.He.A.thought B.hadthoughtC.wasthinkingD.wasthought.Wewouldliketogoandthankhimourselves,butweouthisaddressyet,A.haven'tfound B.hadn'tfoundC.didn'tfindD.don'tfind.ShirleyabookaboutChinalastyearbut1don'tknowwhethershehasfinished.A.haswritten B.wrote C.hadwrittenD.waswriting.—Haveyougotyourtestresult?—Notyet.Thepapers.A.arenotcorrectingB.havenotcorrectedC.arestillbeingcorrectedD.havealreadybeencorrected.Seetheclouds!Itrain!A.will B.isgoingtoC.mustD.certainly24.DoIhavetotakethismedicine?Itsoterrible.A.tastesB.istastingC.istastedD.hastasted25.Don'ttakethemagazineaway.Itme.A.isbelongedto B.belongsto C.wasbelongedtoD.isbelongingto26.1sthisthethirdtimethatyoulate?A.havebeenB.amC.wasD.hadbeen.—DoyouknowwhenTomfromabroad?一Perhapsitwillbealongtimebeforehe.A.willcome;willcomeB.comes;willcomeC.willcome;comesD.comes;comes.MyunclesaidthathewouldtelephonebutIfromhimsofar.A.didn'thearB.hadn'theardC.haven'theardD.won'thear.Thetelephonefourtimesinthelasthour,andeachtimeitformyroommate.A.hasrung;was B.hasbeenringing;isC.hadrung;wasD.rang;hasbeen.Astormbyacalm.A.isoftenbeingfollowedB.wasoftenfollowedC.isoftenfollowedD.hasoftenbeenfollowed.ThepenIIisonmydesk,rightundermynose.A.think;lostB.thought;hadlostC.think;hadlostD.thought;lost.—Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation.ltwassonear.一Yes,ataxiatallnecessary.A.wasn't B.hadn'tbeenC.couldn'tbe D.won'tbe.Afriendofminereturnedtohishouseafteraholidayonlytofindit.A.tobebroken B.hadbrokenintoC.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbrokeninto.Theybelievedthatbyusingcomputerstheproductionoftheirfactory.A.willgreatlyincrease B.wouldgreatlyincreaseC.wouldbeincreasedgreatlyD.willhavebeengreatlyincreased.Hiseyesshonebrightlywhenhefinallyreceivedthemagazineshe.A.hadlongbeenexpected B.hadlongexpectedC.haslongexpected D.waslongexpected.—Doyoulikethenewpen?一Yes,itverywell.A.iswritten B.iswritingC.writes D.wrote.—Oh,it'syou?1didn'trecognizeyou.—Imyhaircut,andInewglass.A.had;waswearing B.havehad;amwearingC.had;woreD.havehad;wear.Asshethenewspaper,Grannyasleep.A.read;wasfalling B.wasreading;fellC.wasreading;wasfallingD.read;fell.Howeverhardyou，youwillneversucceedinpleasingher.A.try B.willtry C.shouldtry D.wouldtry.—CanIhelpyou,sir?—Yes,Iboughtthisradioyesterday,butit.A.didn'tworkB.won'tworkC.can'twork D.doesn'twork.一Howareyoutoday?―Oh,IasillasIdonowforaverylongtime.A.didn'tfeelB.wasn'tfeelingC.don'tfeelD.haven'tfelt.WhenJackarrivedhelearnedMaryforaboutanhour.A.hadgoneB.hadsetoffC.hadleft D.hadbeenaway.Bythistimetomorrowwethemachine.A.haverepaired B.shallhaverepairedC.willrepair D.wouldrepair.1don'tthinkJimsawme,heintospace.A.juststaredB.wasjuststaring C.hasjuststaredD.hadjuststared.Helenherkeyintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusbandhome.A.hadleft;came B.hasleft;comesC.left;hadcomeD.hadleft;wouldcome.一Youhaveleftthelighton.―Oh,so1have.andturnitoff.A.I'llgoB.I'vegoneC.IgoD.I'mgoing.ThisisTed'sphoto.Wemisshimalot.Hetryingtosaveachildinearthquake.A.killedB.iskilledC.waskilledD.waskilling.Thenotice"Nosmoking."A.iswrote B.reads C.writes D.isread.Goodcaremustbabiesparticularlywhiletheyareill.A.take B.takeofC.betakenD.betakenof.Shortlyafterwe,awaitercameovertoourtablewithasmile.A.seated B.wereseatedC.satourselvesD.hadseated.一Youlookpale,whattroubledyou?—Imydeadfriend.A.amthinkingabout B.wasthinkingaboutC.hadthoughtaboutD.willthinkabout.Johnand1friendsforeightyears.WefirstgottoknoweachotherataChristmasparty.Butweeachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.A.hadbeen;haveseen B.havebeen;haveseenC.havebeen;hadseenD.hadbeen;hadseen.Domakesurethatyouaseattoday!A.gotB.getC.shouldD.haveget.Weatthehouseasweofbuyingit.A.looked;werethinking B.werelooking;werethinkingC.werelooking;thought D.looked;hadthought.一I'mtoldthatyouareleavingforBeijing,一Whoso?A.said B.hadsaidC.saysD.hassaid1theroomtobeemptybutfounditoccupied.A.hadthought B.havethought C.didn'tthink D.wasthinkingSelectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnologysorapidly.A.willhavechangedB.haschangedC.ischangingD.willchange1ping-pongquitewell?butIhaven'thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.A.willplay B.haveplayed C.played D.play.Visitorsnottotouchtheexhibits.A.willrequest B.arerequestedC.arerequestingD.request.Theyasnowstormontheirwayhome.A.caughtinB.hadcaughtC.werecaughtD.werecaughtin☆專題3 非謂語動(dòng)詞二大類:todo,doing,done關(guān)于用法,兩條黃金原則:a.非謂語動(dòng)詞不作謂語。b.過去分詞（done）沒有名詞性功能（不作主語、賓語）。主要考查todo,doin.作賓語,doinR,done作定語、狀語todo,doing作賓語（1）后面跟todo作賓語的動(dòng)詞:hope,agree,dare,decide,determineIIbegin,start,refuse,prepare,offerIImanage,try,aim,forget,remember\chooseIIseem,pretend,learn,love,hate（可記:希望同意敢決定,開始拒絕備提供,設(shè)法瞄準(zhǔn)忘記選,似乎假裝學(xué)愛憎。）e.g.ShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.（2）后面跟doing作賓語的動(dòng)詞giveup,enjoy,regret//insiston,practise,finish//putoff,avoid,mind（可記:“放棄”“享受”可“后悔”，“堅(jiān)持''"練習(xí)''必"完成'',"延期''"避免''非“介意”）e.g.Wouldyoumindwaitingafewminutes?TheyarelookingforwardtoMary'scomingdoing&done作定語（何為定語?"定''——"界定、限定”,也就是修飾限定名詞的,名詞在句子中作主語賓語,所以定語修飾主語或賓語）作定語時(shí),單個(gè)的分詞放在所修飾的名詞前;若是分詞短語則要放在所修飾的名詞之后e.g.runningwater Doyouknowthethreechildrenwalkingtowardsus?doing&done作狀語（何為狀語來?"狀’‘ーー"狀況”,也就是說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的狀況,例如動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、條件、造成的結(jié)果等。也就是在句子中修飾謂語動(dòng)詞）e.g.Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.（為什么用現(xiàn)在式,會(huì)分析嗎）Havingfinishedthehomework,hewenthome.（為什么用完成式，會(huì)分析嗎）注意:無論作什么成分,todo一般表示將來,doing表示主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，done表示被動(dòng)完成。易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn)疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式:疑問代詞和疑問副詞后可加動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中可作主語、表語或賓語,如:Howtopreventthemfromswimminginthisriverisaproblem.動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式：由not+動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成.v.-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作主語、表語、賓語時(shí)的區(qū)別。v.-ing形式：表示抽象或泛指的動(dòng)作。不定式：表示具體某一次的動(dòng)作。Shelikesplayingthepiano,butshedoesn'twanttoplayittoday.v.-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作定語的區(qū)別。v.-ing形式：動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。不定式：動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后。eg.ThegirlwritingalettertherecanspeakEnglishverywell.Ihavethreeletterstowrite.v.-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)的區(qū)別。（1）不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，其動(dòng)作一般發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后,如：Ihavetoldthemtocomeagaintomorrow.（2）在see,watch,hear,feel等之后，如果用v.-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)，表示其動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行中,而用不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不定式所表示的動(dòng)作是ー個(gè)動(dòng)作的過程，如：1hearhersingingintheroom.我聽見她正在屋里唱歌。Ihearhersingintheroom.我聽見她在屋里唱過歌。v.-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作狀語的區(qū)別。v.-ing形式：表示時(shí)間、原因、方式或伴隨情況。不定式：作目的或結(jié)果狀語。v.-ing形式與過去分詞的區(qū)別：（1）語態(tài)不同:v.-ing形式表示主動(dòng)概念,及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示被動(dòng)概念。aninspiringspeech鼓舞人心的演說; theinspiredaudience受鼓舞的聽眾（2）時(shí)間關(guān)系不同:現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一般是正在進(jìn)行中的動(dòng)作,而過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作,往往是已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作,如：thechangingworld正在變化的世界 thechangedworld已經(jīng)變化了的世界8.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：有時(shí)v.-ing和過去分詞在句中也有自己的獨(dú)立的主語,這種獨(dú)立的主語一般為名詞或代詞,和v.-ing還有過去分詞構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)在句中一般只作狀語。獨(dú)立主格中是使用v.-ing還是過去分詞，則要根據(jù)它們的主語和其所表示的動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系來定,如：Thebellringing,weallstoppedtalking.注意：①獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中的being或havingbeen常可省去,如：Themeeting_（being）_over,alllefttheroom.②作伴隨狀語的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)?？捎脀ith短語來代替, 如:Shereadtheletter,tearsrollingdownhercheeks.=Shereadtheletterwithtearsrollingdownhercheeks.非謂語的解題步驟或思路（1）先判斷空格部分所需的是主句,從句還是非謂語動(dòng)詞。獨(dú)立的句子，從句或非謂語獨(dú)立的句子加句號(hào)，分號(hào)或破折號(hào)的話，后再加一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子。獨(dú)立的句子,（逗號(hào)）有and,but,so等詞加獨(dú)立的句子。（2）再根據(jù)主句的主語，來判斷主動(dòng)或被動(dòng);（3）接下來再判斷時(shí)態(tài)，（4）如果是否定的話,not一定要放在非謂語的前面（5）一定不要忘記主語一致的原則，如果不一致的話，要把非謂語的獨(dú)立主語加上。非謂語常見的位置,或在句子中所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)某煞址侵^語動(dòng)詞短語，+主句或者是主句，非謂語動(dòng)詞短語這時(shí)的非謂語動(dòng)詞短語起到狀語的作用例如：influencedbythegrowinginterestinnature,morepeopleenjoyoutdaooractivities.在這種情況下,首先,找出主句的主語,然后以主句的主語為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，來判斷非謂語動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng),如果已有的非謂語動(dòng)詞的主語和主句主語不一致，還要考慮獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，也就是把非謂語動(dòng)詞的自己的主語加上去：例如:Allflightshavingbeencancelled,theydecidedtotakethetrain, 其次,把非謂語動(dòng)詞和主句的動(dòng)詞比較，看是否同時(shí)發(fā)生還是有明顯的先后。固定搭配：跟在介詞，動(dòng)詞或某些形容詞的后面。(3)介詞后一定要加動(dòng)詞的?ing形式;(4)跟在名詞后面做定語時(shí),一般不用havingdone/havingbeendone結(jié)構(gòu)(5)放在句首做主語,一般用動(dòng)詞的ing和toな…特殊的非謂語短語Generallyspeaking一般來說 Considering....考慮到,鑒于Time/weatherpermitting時(shí)間、天氣允許的話Taking./r/oaccount/consideration考慮到Judgingfrom/by…根據(jù)…判斷 includingsth(sthincluded)包括某事基礎(chǔ)演練Helookedaroundandcaughtamanhishandintothepocketofapassenger.A.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.puttingWhenyou'relearningtodrive,agoodteachermakesabigdifference.A.haveB.havingC.andhaveD.andhavingfeltitagreathonortospeaktoyou.A.toaskB.askingC.tobeaskedD.havingaskedwouldlovetothepartylastnightbut1hadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggoneBeforeyoudecidetoleaveyourjob,theeffectitwillhaveonyourfamily.A.considerB.consideringC.toconsiderD.consideredRobertissaidabroad,butIdon'tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudyingItissaidthatinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows.A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithitAnyonebags,boxes,orwhatever,wasstoppedbythepolice.A.seencarryB.seencarryingC.sawtocarryD.sawcarryingMrReedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadtosomeschoolsfbrpoorchildren.A.setupB.settingupC.havesetupD.havingsetupThediscoveryofnewevidenceledto.A.thethiefhavingcaught B.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaught D.thethieftobecaughtShelooksforwardeveryspringtotheflower-linedgarden.A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkinginTotesteggs,theminabowlofwater:iftheyfloatthey'rebad,iftheysinkthey'regood.A.putB.puttingC.toputD.tobeputtingkfcWhereisDavid?''"Heisupstairsreadytogoout.''A.togetB.gettingC.tobegettingD.havinggot“Mum,whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday?”"enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.”A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.tobege