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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-岳陽職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題
Thecommissionwouldfinditself()ateveryturnifitsmemberscouldn’treachanagreement.
問題1選項
A.collided
B.displeased
C.crumbled
D.hampered
【答案】D
【解析】collided碰撞,沖突;displeased生氣的;crumbled破碎的;hampered受阻的。句意:如果委員們不能達成協(xié)議,委員會就會處處受阻。選項D符合句意。
2.單選題
Tomdoesn’tthinkthatthe______situationhereisasgoodashishometown’s.
問題1選項
A.economics
B.economic
C.economy
D.economical
【答案】B
【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項economics“n.經(jīng)濟學(xué);國家的經(jīng)濟狀況”;B選項economic“adj.經(jīng)濟的,經(jīng)濟上的;經(jīng)濟學(xué)的”;C選項economy“n.經(jīng)濟;節(jié)約;理財”;D選項economical“經(jīng)濟的;節(jié)約的;合算的”。economic用以指與貿(mào)易、工業(yè)或財富等有關(guān)的“經(jīng)濟上的”或“有關(guān)經(jīng)濟學(xué)方面”的意義,一般用作定語;economical則指與“節(jié)約”同義的“經(jīng)濟”,相當(dāng)于notwasteful,既可指人也可指物,既可作表語也可作定語。句意:湯姆認為這里的經(jīng)濟狀況不如家鄉(xiāng)。因此B選項正確。
3.單選題
Without________theirdifferences,thecouplefoughtaboutthehouseworkagain.
問題1選項
A.rulingout
B.figuringout
C.ironingout
D.lettingout
【答案】C
【解析】【選項釋義】
A.rulingout不考慮,排除B.figuringout想出,弄明白
C.ironingout解決,消除D.lettingout放出,發(fā)出
【考查點】動詞詞組辨析。
【解題思路】空格處和下文的“theirdifferences(他們之間的分歧)”構(gòu)成動賓邏輯,without在句中作伴隨狀語,表示他們之間的分歧沒有怎么樣。由后半句句意“又(again)為家務(wù)問題爭吵起來(foughtabout)”可知,這對夫婦在為家務(wù)爭吵之前本來就存在著分歧,而且原本的分歧并沒有解決。ironout指解決問題或困難,因此C選項ironingout“解決,消除”最符合題意。
【干擾項排除】
A選項rulingout“不考慮,排除”指在仔細考慮或研究后不再考慮某事物的可能性,不符合題干的語義邏輯;
B選項figuringout“想出,弄明白”指通過思考理解某事物或找到解決辦法,不符合題干的語義邏輯;
D選項lettingout“放出,發(fā)出”指發(fā)出聲音等,不能和“differences(分歧)”進行搭配。
【句意】這對夫婦沒有消除他們之間的分歧,又為家務(wù)問題爭吵起來。
4.單選題
Thatbecamesomewhatmoregentleascarebecamemoresophisticated.Weenteredwhatmightbecalledthe(
)Period,wherethephysicianwaslikeafatherwhoknewwhatwasbestforhispatient.
問題1選項
A.Parental
B.Maternal
C.Fraternal
D.Paternal
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項Parental“父母的”;B選項Maternal“母親的”;C選項Fraternal“兄弟的”;D選項Paternal“父親的”句意:隨著護理工作變得越來越復(fù)雜,這種感覺也變得溫和了一些。我們進入了所謂的“……期”,醫(yī)生就像一位父親,知道什么對他的病人是最好的。根據(jù)后面句意可知D選項符合題意。
5.單選題
Hawaii’snativeminorityisdemandingagreaterdegreeofsovereigntyoveritsownaffairs.Butmuchofthearchipelago’spoliticalestablishment,whichincludestheWhiteAmericanswhodominateduntiltheSecondWorldWarandpeopleofJapanese,ChineseandFilipinoorigin,isopposedtotheidea.
ThisislandswereannexedbytheUSin1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless,sufferhigherlevelsofunemploymentandtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians.TheyaretheonlymajorUSnativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.
ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.
However,theHawaiiannativesarenotunitedintheirdemands.Somejustwantgreaterautonomywithinthestate-asenjoyedbymanyAmericanIndiannativesovermatterssuchaseducation.ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresentthenatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.MoreambitiousistheKaLahuigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheUS.
ButifHawaiiannativesaregivengreaterautonomy,itisfarfromclearhowmanypeoplethiswillapplyto.Thestateauthoritiesonlycountasnativethosepeoplewithmorethan50percentHawaiianblood.
Nativedemandsarenotjustbasedonpoliticalgrievances,though.Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacingmostoppositionfromthestateauthorities.In1993,thestategovernmentpaidtheOHAUS$136millioninbackrentonthecrownlandandmanyofficialssaythatbyacceptingthispaymenttheagencyhasgivenupitsclaimstolegallyowntheland.TheOHAhasvigorouslydisputedthis.
1.Hawaii’snativeminorityrefersto(
).
2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueoftheHawaiiannatives?
3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofJohnWaihee?
4.Whichofthefollowinggroupsholdsalessradicalattitudeonthematterofsovereignty?
5.VariousnativeHawaiiansdemandallthefollowingEXCEPT(
).
問題1選項
A.Hawaii’sethnicgroups
B.PeopleofFilipinoorigin
C.TheKaLahuigroup
D.Peoplewith50%Hawaiianblood
問題2選項
A.Sixtypercentofthemarehomelessorunemployed.
B.Theyaretheonlynativegroupwithoutsovereignty.
C.Theirlifespanis5yearsshorterthanaverageAmericans.
D.TheirlifeisworsethanthatofotherethnicgroupsinHawaii.
問題3選項
A.HeisHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor.
B.Heisleadingthelocalindependencemovement.
C.Hehassetupasovereigntyadvisorycommittee.
D.Hesuggestedthenativepeopledecideforthemselves.
問題4選項
A.TheKaLahuigroup
B.TheHawaiiannatives
C.OfficeofHawaiianAffairs
D.AmericanIndiannatives
問題5選項
A.greaterautonomywithinthestate
B.aclaimontheHawaiiancrownland
C.morebackrentonthecrownland
D.fullindependencefromtheUS
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:D
第3題:B
第4題:C
第5題:C
【解析】1.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段“Hawaii’snativeminorityisdemandingagreaterdegreeofsovereigntyoveritsownaffairs.夏威夷本土少數(shù)民族要求更多處理本地事物的自主權(quán)?!焙偷诙巍癟hisislandswereannexedbytheUSin1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.1898年美國吞并夏威夷島后,夏威夷島的原住民情況比其他種族的情況變得更糟糕?!惫视纱送茢噙@里的本土少數(shù)民族是指夏威夷島原住民,正確答案選A。
2.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第二段“Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless,sufferhigherlevelsofunemploymentandtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians.TheyaretheonlymajorUSnativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.他們占該州無家可歸者的60%以上,失業(yè)率更高,他們的壽命比夏威夷人的平均壽命短5年。他們是唯一沒有一定程度自治權(quán)的美國主要土著群體?!边x項A、B和C描述均過于絕對,故正確答案選D。
3.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第三段“ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.但是,夏威夷第一任本土出生的州長約翰懷希,設(shè)立主權(quán)咨詢委員會,極大地促進了夏威夷原住民的發(fā)展事業(yè),以此建議夏威夷原住民自己決定是否建立一個主權(quán)獨立的夏威夷國家?!庇纱丝芍x項B文章中沒有提到,故正確答案選B。
4.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第四段“ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresentthenatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.這一工作得到夏威夷事務(wù)辦公室的支持,此機構(gòu)1978年成立是為原住民服務(wù),現(xiàn)在成了本土主權(quán)運動的溫和派”,由此可知夏威夷事務(wù)辦公室在自主權(quán)問題上態(tài)度溫和而不激進。正確答案選C。
5.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第四段末“MoreambitiousistheKaLahuigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheUS.”1987年夏威夷原住民中的一個比較激進的種族宣布脫離美國管轄,成立獨立王國。故正確答案應(yīng)該為C。
6.單選題
Afuturedoctorshouldhaveagenuinedesiretohelppeople.Heorshemustdevelopgoodstudyhabitstocompletetheyearsofarduousschoolingahead.
問題1選項
A.strict
B.unusual
C.enduring
D.laborious
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。arduous表示“努力的,費力的,險峻的”;A項strict“嚴格的,絕對的,精確的”,B項unusual“不尋常的,與眾不同的”,C項enduring“持久的,能忍受的”,D項laborious“艱苦的,費勁的,勤勞的”。句意:一個未來的醫(yī)生應(yīng)該有幫助別人的真誠愿望;他或她必須養(yǎng)成良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣,以完成今后幾年的艱苦學(xué)習(xí)。因此,根據(jù)句意可知D選項正確。
7.單選題
TodayweliveinaworldwhereGPSsystems,digitalmaps,andothernavigationappsareavailableonoursmartphones.(1)ofusjustwalkstraightintothewoodswithoutaphone.Butphones(2)onbatteries,andbatteriescandiefasterthanwerealize.(3)yougetlostwithoutaphoneoracompass,andyou(4)can'tfindnorth,afewtrickshelpyounavigate(5)tocivilization,oneofwhichistofollowtheland.
Whenyoufindyourselfwell(6)atrail,butnotinacompletely(7)area,youhavetoanswertwoquestions:Which(8)isdownhill,inthisparticulararea?Andwhereisthenearestwatersource?
Humansoverwhelminglyliveinvalleys,andonsuppliesoffreshwater.(9),ifyouheaddownhill,andfollowanyH2Oyoufind,youshould(10)seesignsofpeople.
Ifyou'veexploredtheareabefore,keepaneyeoutforfamiliarsightsyoumaybe(11)howquicklyidentifyingadistinctiverockortreecanrestoreyourbearings.
Another(12):Climbhighandlookforsignsofhumanhabitation.(13),evenindenseforest,youshouldbeableto(14)gapsinthetreelineduetoroads,traintracks,andotherpathspeoplecarve(15)thewoods.Headtowardthese(16)tofindawayout.Atnight,scanthehorizonfor(17)lightsources,suchasfiresandstreetlights,thenwalktowardtheglowoflightpollution.
(18),assumingyou'relostinanareahumanstendtofrequent,lookforthe(19)weleaveonthelandscape.Trailblazes,tiretracks,andotherfeaturescan(20)youtocivilization.
問題1選項
A.Some
B.Most
C.Few
D.All
問題2選項
A.put
B.take
C.run
D.come
問題3選項
A.Since
B.If
C.Though
D.Until
問題4選項
A.formally
B.relatively
C.gradually
D.literally
問題5選項
A.back
B.next
C.around
D.away
問題6選項
A.onto
B.off
C.across
D.alone
問題7選項
A.unattractive
B.uncrowded
C.unchanged
D.unfamiliar
問題8選項
A.site
B.point
C.way
D.place
問題9選項
A.So
B.Yet
C.Instead
D.Besides
問題10選項
A.immediately
B.intentionally
C.unexpectedly
D.eventually
問題11選項
A.surprised
B.annoyed
C.frightened
D.confused
問題12選項
A.problem
B.option
C.view
D.result
問題13選項
A.Aboveall
B.Incontrast
C.Onaverage
D.Forexample
問題14選項
A.bridge
B.avoid
C.spot
D.separate
問題15選項
A.from
B.through
C.beyond
D.under
問題16選項
A.posts
B.links
C.shades
D.breaks
問題17選項
A.artificial
B.mysterious
C.hidden
D.limited
問題18選項
A.Finally
B.Consequently
C.Incidentally
D.Generally
問題19選項
A.memories
B.marks
C.notes
D.belongings
問題20選項
A.restrict
B.adopt
C.lead
D.expose
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:C
第3題:B
第4題:D
第5題:A
第6題:B
第7題:D
第8題:C
第9題:A
第10題:D
第11題:A
第12題:B
第13題:D
第14題:C
第15題:B
第16題:D
第17題:A
第18題:A
第19題:B
第20題:C
【解析】1.“生活在一個GPS系統(tǒng),數(shù)字地圖和其他導(dǎo)航應(yīng)用程序都在我們的智能手機上輕易獲取”??崭裰蟮恼Z句與前面語義方向一致,再考慮到句中的withoutaphone,可知,此處需要雙重否定表達肯定,所以,選擇few,符合文意。
2.固定搭配,此題考查與介詞on的搭配情況。runonbattery表示手機使用電池得以運行;其他選項的搭配為:puton(增加;假裝;使上場),takeon(承擔(dān);呈現(xiàn);具有;流行),comeon(快點;開始;要求;上演),語義搭配不通順,故選擇runon搭配。
3.邏輯關(guān)系,此處考查邏輯關(guān)系??崭裉幩诰錇椤啊阍跊]有電話或指南針的情況下迷路……找不到北方,我們有一些技巧可以幫助你導(dǎo)航……文明”;前后句之間構(gòu)成假設(shè)的邏輯關(guān)系,所以選擇if;其余選項:since(因為,自從),though(雖然),until(直到),代入后不符合語義表達。
4.詞義辨析題。空格處所在句為“假如你在沒有電話或指南針的情況下迷路……找不到北方,我們有一些技巧可以幫助你導(dǎo)航……文明”,literally表示確實地,真正地,符合語義表達;其余選項:formally(正式地),relatively(相對地),gradually(逐漸地),不符合語義表達。
5.詞義辨析題。出題處的語義表達“我們有一些技巧可以幫助你導(dǎo)航……文明”,只有back與前文的lost(迷路)形成相互呼應(yīng),故而選擇back。
6.詞義辨析題。空格所在句提到“當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己……路徑,但不是完全……的區(qū)域。你需要回答兩個問題:在這個特殊區(qū)域中,哪個……是下坡路?哪里有最近的水源?”因此,根據(jù)句意表達,off(遠離,離開)符合句意;其他選項:onto(在……之上;對……了解),across(穿過),alone(獨白地,單獨地),故選擇off。
7.詞義辨析題。根據(jù)出題處的語義表達,“當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己……路徑,但不是完全……的區(qū)域”,語義搭配,unfamiliar更符合要求;其他選項:unattractive(不吸引人的),uncrowded(不擁擠的,寬敞的),C選項unchanged(未改變的,無變化的),不符合語義表達。
8.詞義辨析題。根據(jù)出題處的語境表述“你需要回答兩個問題:在這個特殊區(qū)域中,哪個……是下坡路?哪里有最近的水源?”因此只有way符合要求;其他選項:site(地點;位置;場所),point(要點;得分;標點),place(地方;住所;座位),不符合句意表達。
9.邏輯關(guān)系題。出題句指出“生活在山谷里的人,基本上需要淡水為生……如果你下山,沿著水走,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)人類的蹤跡……”此處很明顯,考查因果邏輯關(guān)系,故選擇so,其他選項:yet(但是,然而),instead(反而,替代),besides(此外,而且),不符合句義要求。
10.詞義辨析題。出題句提及“……如果你下山,沿著水走,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)人類的蹤跡……”,只有eventually(最后,終于)符合題目要求,語義通順;其他選項:immediately(立即,立刻);intentionally(故意地,有意地);unexpectedly(出乎意料地),不符合語義表達,故排除。
11.詞義辨析題。出題句提及“如果你之前去過這個地方,一定要注意熟悉景象,你或許會……快速識別出一塊特征明顯的石頭或者樹木來喚起你的記憶”,只有surprised符合此處題目要求,其他選項帶有明顯的貶義色彩,故不符合。
12.詞義辨析題。本文第一段中提到“如果你在沒有電話或指南針的情況下迷路了,而且你真的找不到北方,我們會有一些技巧幫助你回到文明社會”,此處考查的地方就是前文提及的“另一個……:登到高處尋找有人類居住的標志”,只有option(選擇)符合句義及情感色彩要求。
13.邏輯關(guān)系題。出題句前后構(gòu)成抽象到具體的例證關(guān)系(前文提到“另一個選擇就是登高尋找有人類居住的標志”,與后文的lookforsigns形成抽象到具體的過程),故選擇Forexample。
14.詞義辨析題。此題需借助前面的語義內(nèi)容及邏輯關(guān)系輔助做題,此處需填入的動詞和lookfor語義相近,故選擇spot(發(fā)現(xiàn)),符合語義表達;其他選項:bridge(架橋,渡過),avoid(避開,消除),separate(分開),不符合語義要求。
15.詞義辨析題。分析:本題為語義題及固定搭配題,考查carve與woods之間的關(guān)系,根據(jù)常識可知,路應(yīng)該是穿過森林開鑿出來的,故本句意為穿過森林開鑿出的公路,故B選項through為正確答案。
16.語義辨析題。本題為語義題,根據(jù)上一句信息,因為人為原因而造成的gapsinthetreeline,不難判斷,朝著有樹木缺口的地方走,就能找到出去的路,故D選項breaks為正確答案。
17.詞義辨析題及邏輯關(guān)系題。因題干中suchas表示舉例關(guān)系,故我們首先根據(jù)例子信息判斷文中“firesandstreetlights火與街燈”的共同特征是人造光源,故本題A選項artificial為正確答案。
18.語義題。文章后面指出“假設(shè)你在人類常去的地方迷路,尋找我們在地面上留下的……”,因前文已經(jīng)舉例說明了幾種情況,如當(dāng)你在一個并非完全不熟悉的環(huán)境中迷路,可知此處應(yīng)是最后一種假設(shè)情況,故本題A選項finally為正確答案。
19.詞義辨析題。根據(jù)常識,在人類常去的地方,地面上必定有很多標志,故尋找我們在地面上留下的標志,在此處更符合文意,故本題B選項marks為正確答案。
20.詞義辨析題。道路上的樹皮刻痕、輪胎印和其他特征能夠指引你去有人煙的地方,此外,本題處的單詞應(yīng)該與前文中的navigate同義,故本題C選項lead為正確答案。
8.單選題
Unfortunately,hisdamagingattacksontheramificationsoftheeconomicpolicyhavebeen(
)byhiswholeheartedacceptanceofthatpolicy’sunderlyingassumptions.
問題1選項
A.supplemented
B.undermined
C.diverted
D.redeemed
【答案】B
【解析】動詞詞義辨析。A選項的supplement“增補,補充”;B選項的undermine“漸漸破壞,授掘地基”;C選項的divert“使轉(zhuǎn)向,使繞道,轉(zhuǎn)移(某人)的注意力,使分心”;D選項的redeem“履行,補償,贖回”。根據(jù)句意‘不幸的是,他對這個經(jīng)濟政策后果的致命攻擊被破壞了,因為他完全接受了這個政策暗含的假設(shè)’確定B選項正確。
9.單選題
Wecan(
)aconclusionfromthesefactswehavecollected.
問題1選項
A.generalize
B.nominate
C.label
D.integrate
【答案】A
【解析】考查動詞辨析。generalize意為“概括,歸納”;nominate意為“提名,任命”;label意為“貼標簽于”;integrate意為“(使)合并,成為一體”。
句意:我們可以從收集到的這些事實中歸納出一個結(jié)論。
10.單選題
We()afigureofamanclingingtothemastoftheship.
問題1選項
A.discerned
B.dispatched
C.dissipated
D.diminished
【答案】A
【解析】動詞辨析。句意:我們()那個倚靠在船桅桿的人。discerned認出,識別;dispatched派遣,分派;dissipated驅(qū)散,放蕩;diminished減少,縮小。因此,A項符合句意。
11.單選題
Nowhereelsealongthecoast______suchshallowwatersofarfromland.
問題1選項
A.isthere
B.isit
C.thereis
D.itis
【答案】A
【解析】【選項釋義】
A.isthere有B.isit它是
C.thereis有D.itis它是
【考查點】倒裝。
【解題思路】Nowhere是含有否定的詞語,把含有否定的詞語放在句首,句子需要部分倒裝,而根據(jù)alongthecoast(沿海),可知用therebe句型符合句意。因此,該題選擇A項。
【干擾項排除】
C、D選項沒有倒裝;
B選項并不符合句意。
【句意】沿海沒有其他地方有如此遠離陸地的淺灘。
12.翻譯題
在20世紀50年代早期到60年代中期,營養(yǎng)學(xué)歷史的第三個時期種,維生素療法開始變得聲名狼藉。隨之而來的是在醫(yī)科學(xué)校中營養(yǎng)學(xué)教育也變得不那么熱門了。就在這種情況發(fā)生的十年前,許多醫(yī)藥公司發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的維生素銷量猛增,并迅速把大量維生素樣品和宣傳材料提供給開業(yè)醫(yī)師,這些材料大肆喧揚補充各種與健康相關(guān)狀況的維生素的好處。對維生素在疾病控制方面成功的期望被夸大了。正如在回顧這種狀況時大家都知道的,維生素和礦物療法在用于治療嚴重的健康狀況時比治療長期因營養(yǎng)不良而導(dǎo)致的慢性健康問題時效果要小的多。
【答案】Fromtheearly1950stothemiddle1960s,namely,inthethirdhistoricperiodofnutrition,vitamintherapiesbegantobecomenotorious.Consequently,thenutritioncourseinmedicalschoolsbecamelesspopular.Justbeforeadecadeago,manypharmaceuticalcompaniesfoundthesalesofvitaminsoaring.Sotheyquicklyprovidedplentyofvitaminsamplesandpromotionalmaterials,whichwouldpublicizethebenefitoftakingvitamins,formedicalpractitioners.Asaresult,itexaggeratedthefunctionofvitaminstosuccessfullycontroldisease.Itiswell-knownthatcurativeeffectofvitaminandmineraltherapyforthetreatmentofseriousdiseaseismuchlessthanthatofthetreatmentofchronicdisease,suchasmalnutrition.
13.單選題
1.Theprogrammeaimstomakethecountry(
)infoodandtocutenergyimports.
問題1選項
A.self-confident
B.self-sufficient
C.self-satisfied
D.self-restrained
【答案】B
【解析】題干中cutenergyimports“減少能源進口”可推斷出前文是在糧食上自給自足,選項B符合題意。self-sufficient“自給自足的”;self-confident“自信的”;self-satisfied“自滿的”;self-restrained“自我克制的”。
14.單選題
WhileinLondon,wepaidavisittothehospitalfounded
thenurseFlorenceNightingale.
問題1選項
A.infavorof
B.inhonorof
C.inlinewith
D.inplaceof
【答案】B
【解析】考查詞組辨析。infavorof“支持,贊同”;inhonorof“為紀念”;inlinewith“符合,與……一致”;inplaceof“替代”。句意:在倫敦,我們參觀了為紀念護士南丁格爾而創(chuàng)立的醫(yī)院。選項B符合題意。
15.單選題
Theeducationgap
Educationisthepassporttomodemlife,andapre-conditionofnationalprosperity.Butmorethanaquarteroftheworld'sadults—900millionreadorwrite,andmorethan100millionyoungchildrenaredeprivedofevenaprimaryschooleducation.Inmostdevelopingcountries,afterdecadesofeducationalexpansion,spendingonlearningisfalling.Theilliteratearevirtuallyhelplessinaworldruledbythewrittenword,wherenoticesandofficialpaperscanseemamassofmeaninglesshieroglyphics.Peoplewhocannotdecipherthemareatthemercyofthosewhocan;many,asaresult,havebeencheatedoftheirrightsortheirland.
Studiesshowthatpeoplewithevenabasiceducationarehealthierandeatbetter.Theyaremorelikelytoplantheirfamiliesand-theirchildrenaremorelikelytosurvive.AccordingtotheWorldBank,justfouryearsofprimaryeducationenablesfarmerstoincreaseproductivitybytenpercent,oftenthedifferencebetweenhungerandsufficiency.Nationaleconomicreturnsfromeducationoutstripthosefrommostotherformsofinvestment.
Enrolment:riseandfall
Astheybecameindependent,mostdevelopingcountriesenthusiasticallyembracededucation.Twodecadesofastonishingexpansionfollowed.Between1960and1981,theworld'sthirty-twopoorestcountries(excludingIndiaandChina,whichhavelonghadgoodrecords)increasedtheproportionoftheirchildrenenrolledinprimaryschoolfromthirty-eighttoseventy-twopercent.Thethirty-eightnextpoorestachievedalmostuniversalprimaryschoolenrollmentby1980,upfromabouttwo-thirdsin1960.Itseemedasifitwouldnotbelongbeforeeverychildalivecouldbesureofgoingtoschool.
Bytheendofthe1980sthatdreamhadturnedtobitterdisillusion.Thedecadebroughteconomicdisastertodevelopingcountries.Theyslumpedwhenrichnationswentintorecessionatthebeginningofthe1980s,thesubsequentrecoverypassedthembyandtheywerehitagainbytherenewedrecessioninthelate1980sandearly1990s.Theeducationalexpansionofthelate1960sand1970sfirsthaltedthenwentintoreverse.By1989,enrollmentrateshaddroppedinoneouteveryfivedevelopingcountries.InsomeAfricancountries,thenumberofchildreninprimaryschoolsdeclinedbyathirdbetween1980and1985.Tanzania'suniversalprimaryschoolenrollmentfelldramaticallyduringthisperiod.Unesco’sDirector-General,FedericoMayor,warnsthatthisthreatenstosetbackthecountriesoftheSouthbyawholegenerationorevenmore.
Decliningexpenditure
Theproportionofnationalexpendituregoingtoeducationdeclinedinmorethanhalfofdevelopingcountriesoverthe1980s.Intheworld'sthirty-sevenpoorestcountries,theaverageexpenditureperheadoneducationdroppedbyaquarter.InAfricaasawhole,saystheWorldBank,only$0.60ayearisspentoneducationalmaterialsforeachstudent,whilstitestimatesminimumrequirementsat$5.00.
Illiteracyandthepoor
Inindustrializedcountries,absoluteilliteracywaslargelyeradicatedhalfacenturyago;theytwopercentoftheworld'silliterate.Functionalilliteracy,however,remains:inCanada,theliteracyofaquarterofalladultsisseriouslyinadequate;intheUnitedStates,estimatesrangefromfivetotwenty-fivepercent;inFrance,thetotalnumbersrangefromtwotoeightmillionpeople,dependingonthestudy.Mostareamongthepoorestmembersoftheirsocieties.
Generallyspeaking,thepooreracountry,thehigherthenumberofilliterate;two-thirdsofadultsintheverypoorestcountriescannotreadorwrite.Furthermore,thepoorestindividualssuffermost.Thepoorerachild'sfamily,thelesslikelyhe(or,particularly,she)istostartschoolandthemorelikelyitisthatthosewhodostartwilldropout.
Thedisadvantagedcountryside
MorepeopleintheThirdWorldliveinthecountryside,whereschoolsandteachersarealwaysscarcer.Buteveninthecities,thepoormissout.InCalcutta,oversixtypercentofchildrendonotattendschoolbecausetheyhavetoworktohelpkeepthefamilygoing,orlookafteryoungersiblingstoenabletheirmotherstowork.Two-thirdsoftheworld'silliteratearewomen.Yetwomen'seducationisparticularlyimportant.TheWorldBankidentifiesitasperhapsthesinglemostimportantdeterminantoffamilyhealthandnutrition,anditsresearchshowsthatinfantmortalityratesfallsteadily,anddramatically,foreveryyearwomenspendatschool.Buttradition,prejudicesandtheburdenofworktobedoneathomeensurethatdaughtersarepulledoutofschoolfirst.InthefirstgradeofKampala'sprimaryschoolsthesexesareevenlybalanced;bytheseventhgrade,therearemorethantwiceasmanyboysasgirls.
Primaryeducation:theproductivedollar
Everydollarinvestedinprimaryschooleducation,accordingtoanotherWorldBankstudy,isfiftypercentmoreproductivethanoneinvestedinsecondaryschooling,andgivestwiceasmuchspentonuniversities-Yet,throughouttheThirdWorld,thesespendingprioritiesarereversed.
Afewcountrieshavestartedtochangetheirpriorities,emphasizingprimaryeducation.Zimbabwedoubleditsnumberofprimaryschoolsinitsfirstfiveyearsofindependence;theproportionofitsbudgetspentoneducationisthefifthhighestintheworld,andthecurriculumhasbeenre-orientedtomeetlocalneeds.Bangladeshhasopenedmorethan2,500basicvillageprimaryschoolswithappropriatesyllabusessince1985,atanannualcostofjust$15.00perpupil.Only1.5percentofthechildrendropoutcomparedtosixtypercentoftheirpeersintheordinaryprimaryschools.Moreover,ninety-fivepercentofpupils,themajoritygirls,continuetheireducationafterleaving.
Nonetheless,allthesecountriesareunderharsheconomicpressure.ThereislittlehopeforthechildrenoftheThirdWorldcountries,eveniftheirgovernmentsdochangetheirpriorities,unlesstheircountriesareenabledtodevelop.
1.Whatdoyouthinkisthemainpurposeofthepassage?
2.Illiteracyhasbeenalmostcompletely()
3.Girlsveryoftenfailtocompletetheirschoolingbecause().
4.Spendingontertiaryeducationis().
5.Primaryeducationhasbeengivenmoreimportance().
問題1選項
A.topromotethedevelopmentofprimaryeducation
B.topromotethedevelopmentoftertiaryeducation
C.toillustratetheneedfordevelopmentingeneral
D.tohighlighttheproblemsofruralareas
問題2選項
A.fromthedevelopingworld
B.exceptintheUSA,CanadaandFrance
C.inabsolutetermsinindustrializedcountries
D.Infunctionaltermsinindustrializedcountries
問題3選項
A.theyhavetogoouttowork
B.therearetwiceasmanyboysasgirls
C.oftraditionandprejudice
D.offamilyh
問題4選項
A.twiceasproductiveasspendingonsecondaryeducation
B.onlyhalfasproductivethanspendingonsecondaryschooling
C.fiftypercentlessproductivethanspendingonsecondaryschooling
D.twenty-fivepercentlessproductivethanspendingonprimaryschooling
問題5選項
A.inCalcutta
B.insomepartsofAfricaandAsia
C.inthelastfiveyears
D.byreorientingthecurriculum
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:D
第3題:C
第4題:D
第5題:B
【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章以教育
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