考研考博-英語-三亞學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-三亞學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Hisbackinjuryhas（

）himunfitforwork,sohehasnoalternativebuttoliveonreliefpayment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rendered

B.devastated

C.reckoned

D.hindered

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。render意為“使成為，使變得”；devastate意為“破壞”；reckon意為“測算，估計(jì)”；hinder意為“阻礙，妨礙”。

句意：他的背傷使他無法工作，因此，他別無選擇只能依靠救濟(jì)金生活。

2.單選題

Ifthethoughtofleavinghomewithoutyourmobilephonecausesyouto（

）coldsweat,youcouldbesufferingfromnomophobia:thefearofhavingnomobilephone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.breakinto

B.breakout

C.breakthrough

D.breakup

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.breakinto闖入B.breakout爆發(fā)；突發(fā)

C.breakthrough突破；突圍D.breakup打碎；破碎；結(jié)束；解散

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】如果離開家不帶手機(jī)的想法會(huì)使你……冷汗，你可能患上了無手機(jī)綜合癥：對沒有手機(jī)感到恐懼。由本題句意可知應(yīng)該是冒冷汗，B選項(xiàng)“爆發(fā)；突發(fā)”可引申為該句所需要的含義，因此選B。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合句意。

【句意】如果離開家不帶手機(jī)的想法會(huì)使你出一身冷汗，那你可能患上了“無手機(jī)恐懼癥”：對沒有手機(jī)感到恐懼。

3.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

“Warishell,”saidGeneralSherman,acommanderintheAmericanCivilWar.Thisstatementaccuratelydescribesthebloodycampaignthathewaged.Yetitwasthiswarwhichmarkedthebeginningofthemodernlawsofwarfare.AttheendoftheCivilWarin1865HenryWirz,aformerconfederateofficer,wastriedandconvictedforill-treatingandmurderingprisoners.

Therehadbeenrulesbefore,butthiswarsawtheintroductionofaformalandcomprehensivecodetoguidetroopsinthefield.Theseideashavebeenprogressivelyrefined,firstinTheHagueConventionsof1899and1907,andthenintheGenevaConventionsof1949and1977.

Armieshaveoftenadoptedproceduresforthepunishmentofwarcriminals.Initially,theyweredesignedtodisciplinesoldiersandweremostlyconductedbytheauthoritiesofthestatetowhichtheoffendersbelonged.However,towardstheendoftheSecondWorldWar,itbecameclearthattheoutragescommittedbytheNaziregimeinGermany—suchastheHolocaust,inwhichanestimatedsixmillionJewswerekilled—andbytheJapaneseweresogreatthatthoseresponsibleshould,inasense,betriedbyallmankind.Thus,inOctober1943,twoyearsbeforetheendoftheSecondWorldWar,representativesoftheAlliednations,ledbyBritainandtheUnitedStates,metinLondonandestablishedacommissiontoinvestigatesuchoutrages.

Threecategoriesofoffencewereestablished,whichloosely,cametobedefinedas“warcrimes”.Theywere:crimesagainstpeace,suchastheplottingofwaragainstnon-aggressivecountries;violationsofthecustomsandlawsofwar,suchasthemurderofprisoners,hostagesandcivilians;andcrimesagainsthumanity,whichincludeextermination,enslavementandotherinhumaneactscommittedagainstanycivilianpopulation.WiththeGermansdefeated,theAlliedleadersdecidedtotryNazileadersforaseriesofwarcrimes.ThefirstsessionofthehearingtookplaceinBerlininOctober1945.Chargeswerelodgedagainst24formerNazileaders.Theywerechargedwithcrimesagainstpeace,warcrimes,genocide,andthewantondestructionoftownsandcities.

InNovember1945thehearingsweremovedtotheGermantownofNuremberg.Threeofthedefendantswereacquitted;twelveweresentencedtodeath;threeweresentencedtolifeimprisonment;andfourweresentencedtoimprisonmentforbetweentenandtwentyyears.Thedecisionofthetribunalwasunanimous.AsimilartrialwasalsoheldofJapanesewarleadersand25ofthemwereconvictedforcrimescommittedinAsia.

1.GeneralSherman（）.

2.In1943,（）.

3.Warcrimesdoesn’tinclude（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaccordingtothepassage?

5.Thebesttitleforthispassageis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.establishedthemodernlawsofwarfare

B.startedtheAmericanCivilWar

C.wassentencedforill-treatingprisoners

D.becameawarcriminal

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theSecondWorldWarended

B.theNaziregimekilledsixmillionJews

C.theAlliednationsdecidedtoinvestigatetheNazicrimes

D.formallawswereintroducedtodisciplinethesoldiers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.neglectingculturalcustomsofthepeople

B.destroyingpeaceinacountry

C.killinghostages

D.makingtheciviliansslaves

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.ModernlawsofwarfarestartedwiththeAmericanCivilWar.

B.GenevaConventionswereheldtopunishtheGermanwarcriminals.

C.AllSecondWorldWarcriminalswerepunishedbythemankind.

D.Thelawsofwarfareweretoprotectcivilians.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThePunishmentofWarCriminals

B.WarCrimesTrials

C.WarisBloody

D.ThePowerofJustice

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。謝爾曼將軍并沒有建立起法律，而是美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，A錯(cuò)誤；B項(xiàng)并未有提及；C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，這說的是另一個(gè)戰(zhàn)犯HenryWirz，而不是謝爾曼；而D選項(xiàng)可以通過全文推理得出，因此選D。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段，“representativesoftheAlliednations,ledbyBritainandtheUnitedStates,metinLondonandestablishedacommissiontoinvestigatesuchoutrages.（以英國和美國為首的同盟國代表在倫敦開會(huì)，成立了一個(gè)委員會(huì)來調(diào)查這些暴行。）”可以得到答案為C，他們決定來調(diào)查納粹的暴行。

第3題:根據(jù)題干定位到第四段，第四段一共介紹了三種“戰(zhàn)爭犯”：1.危害和平罪行；2.違反戰(zhàn)爭習(xí)慣和法律；3.危害人類的罪行，其中只有A項(xiàng)沒有對應(yīng)的解釋，因此A錯(cuò)誤。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)題。A項(xiàng)在第一段中就有提及，“thiswarwhichmarkedthebeginningofthemodernlawsofwarfare”，有論據(jù)支持，A保留；B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，是無關(guān)項(xiàng)，全文未提及；C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第一段“Threeofthedefendantswereacquitted”有三位是被判無罪的；D項(xiàng)文中并未給出明確的解釋。答案為A。

第5題:文章標(biāo)題題。本文的主旨是在圍繞戰(zhàn)爭的種種進(jìn)行闡述，之后講到了處理戰(zhàn)爭犯，以及戰(zhàn)爭相關(guān)的法例的制定，因此懲罰戰(zhàn)犯也是本文的主題，答案為A。

4.翻譯題

也許因?yàn)閼?zhàn)事中死人太多了，枉死者沒消磨掉的生命力都進(jìn)作春天的生意。那年春天，氣候特別好。這春氣鼓動(dòng)得人心像嬰孩出齒時(shí)的牙齦肉，受到一種生機(jī)透芽的痛癢。上海是個(gè)暴發(fā)都市，沒有山水花柳作為春的安頓處。公園和住宅花園里的草木，好比動(dòng)物園里鐵籠子關(guān)住的野獸，拘束、孤獨(dú)，不夠春光盡情的發(fā)泄。春來了只有向人的身心里寄寓，添了疾病和傳染，添了奸情和酗酒打架的案件，添了孕婦。最后一樁倒不失為好現(xiàn)象，戰(zhàn)時(shí)人口正該補(bǔ)充。但據(jù)周太太說，本年生的孩于，大半是枉死鬼陽壽未盡，搶著投胎，找足前生年齡數(shù)目，只怕將來活不長。

【答案】【參考譯文】PerhapsitwasbecausethereweresomanydeadinthewarthatresidualvitalityofthedeadtransformedintoSpring,whichwasexceptionallyfine.Stirredbytheinvigoratingspring,men,likeinfantscuttingtheirteeth,somehow,itchedpainfullyfromthebuddingofnewlife.Aboomtown,Shanghaihadnoscenicspotsinwhichspringmightrestitsfeet.Intheparksandlawnsthegrassandtreeswerelikethewildbeastsconfinedinironcagesatthezoo,restrictedandlonely;theresimplywasnoplaceforspringtoreleaseitsfullsplendor.Casesofdiseasesandinfections,adulteryandalcohol-relatedfightsandthepregnancieshaveincreasedinnumber,amongwhichthelastone,afterall,isalltothegood,becausethewartimepopulationneedsreplenishing.ButaccordingtoMrs.Zhou,mostofthechildrenbornthisyearareghostswhodidnotliveouttheirpredestinedlife-spanandrushedtobereborn,andthereisfearthattheycannotbeexceptionallylong-lived.

5.單選題

（）everyfieldofourmodernlife,thereisnothingitcannotdotopushourcivilizationtoahigherstage.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Computerenters

B.Withcomputerentering

C.Withcomputerenters

D.Computerentered

【答案】B

【解析】考查伴隨狀語。句意：隨著計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)入我們現(xiàn)代生活的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，沒有什么不能把我們的文明推向更高的階段。with作伴隨狀語，說明造成某一局面的原因，with+名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行態(tài)，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

AstheEnglishlanguagehaschangedatafastspeedinthiscentury,sohastheuseoftheEnglishlanguage.

AftertheBritishBroadcastingCorporation(BBC)wasfoundedin1927,theparticularstyleofspeechoftheBBCannouncerswasrecognizedasStandardEnglishorReceivedPronunciation(RP)English.Now,mostpeoplestillconsiderthatthepronunciationanddeliveryofBBCannouncersistheclearestandmostunderstandablespokenEnglish.

Englishhashadastrongassociationwithclassandsocialstatus.However,sincetheSecondWorldWartherehasbeenaconsiderablechangeofattitudetowardsspeechsnobbery,andhallmarksofclassdistinctionsuchasstylesofspeechhavebeengraduallydiscarded,especiallybytheyoungergeneration.

Astheneedhasarisen,newwordshavebeeninventedorfoundfromotherlanguagesandincorporatedintoEnglish.Similarly,oldwordsandexpressionshavebeendiscardedastheirusefulnesshasdiminishedorthefashionshavepassed.Thisalsohappenstostylesandmodesofspeechwhichbecamefashionableataparticulartimeandinspecificcircumstances.

Bytheendofthe1960sitbecameapparentthatitwasnotnecessarytospeakStandardEnglishorevencorrectgrammartobecomepopular,successfulandrich.Thefashionablespeechofthedaywasnolongertheprerogativeofaprivilegedclassbutratheradefiantexpressionofclasslessness.

ThegreatestsingleinfluenceoftheshapingoftheEnglishlanguageinmoderntimesistheAmericanEnglish.Overthelast25yearstheEnglishusedbymanypeople,particularlybythoseinthemedia,advertisingandshowbusiness,hasbecomemoreandmoremid-Atlanticinstyle,deliveryandaccent.

Inthe1970s,fashionfavoredstresslesspronunciationandalanguagefullofjargon,slangand“in”words,muchofitquiteincomprehensibletotheoutsideworld.WhatisconsideredmodernandfashionableinBritaintodayisoftennotthekindofEnglishtaughtinschoolsandcolleges.

1.WhichoneofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

2.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“therehasbeenaconsiderablechangeofattitudetowardsspeechsnobbery”(Para.3)?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,therewasatrendintheU.S.fortheyoungpeople______.

4.Theword“mid-Atlantic”inthepassage(Para.6)probablymeans______.

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheuseoftheEnglishlanguagehasnotchangedmuchinthiscentury.

B.TheBBCannouncersspeakStandardEnglish.

C.Englishhasnoassociationwithclassandsocialstatusnow.

D.YoungpeopleallspeakEnglishinthesameway.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.PeopleallspeakEnglishlikeBBCannouncers.

B.ThereisagreatchangeofattitudeabouthowEnglishshouldbespoken.

C.Somepeoplestillthinktheirwayofspeakingisinferior.

D.Mostpeopledon’tbelievetheirwayofspeakingisinferior.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tospeakStandardEnglish

B.tospeakEnglishwithoutclassdistinction

C.tospeakEnglishwithclassdistinction

D.tospeakEnglishwithgrammarmistakes

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.AmericanandEuropean

B.AmericanandBritish

C.theAtlanticOcean

D.inthemiddleoftheAtlanticOcean

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.StandardEnglishistaughtinschoolandcolleges

B.theyoungpeoplearedefiantbecausetheyrefusetospeakStandardEnglish

C.EnglishlanguageisinfluencedbyAmericanEnglishinthelast25years

D.therehasbeenagreatchangeintheEnglishlanguageinthiscentury

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段AstheEnglishlanguagehaschangedatafastspeedinthiscentury,sohastheuseoftheEnglishlanguage.（在這個(gè)世紀(jì)里，隨著英語語言的快速變化，英語語言的使用也在快速變化。），說明隨著英語語言有了很大的改變，英語語言的使用也同樣如此。因此A選項(xiàng)“本世紀(jì)以來，英語的使用沒有什么變化”與原文不符，本題選A。B選項(xiàng)“BBC的播音員說的是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語”，C選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在英語與階級和社會(huì)地位沒有關(guān)聯(lián)”，D選項(xiàng)“年輕人都以同樣的方式說英語”在文中均有所提及，所以排除B,C,D。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第二句However,sincetheSecondWorldWartherehasbeenaconsiderablechangeofattitudetowardsspeechsnobbery（然而，自第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以來，人們對言語勢利的態(tài)度發(fā)生了相當(dāng)大的變化），“言語勢利”是指通過言語判斷社會(huì)階層，說明大部分人不認(rèn)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語有什么了不起了。因此D選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)人不認(rèn)為他們的說話方式是低劣的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“人們都像BBC播音員一樣說英語”在文中沒有提及，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“對如何說英語的態(tài)度有了很大的改變”，原文只說對于言語勢利的態(tài)度發(fā)生了變化，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“有些人仍然認(rèn)為他們的說話方式是低劣的”與原文意思相反，所以C錯(cuò)誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第二句andhallmarksofclassdistinctionsuchasstylesofspeechhavebeengraduallydiscarded,especiallybytheyoungergeneration.（諸如言論風(fēng)格等階級區(qū)分的標(biāo)志逐漸被摒棄，尤其是在年輕一代中。），說明年輕人使用英語沒有了階級劃分。因此B選項(xiàng)“說英語不分等級”正確。A選項(xiàng)“說標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語”，C選項(xiàng)“說有階級差別的英語”，D選項(xiàng)“說有語法錯(cuò)誤的英語”均不符合題意，所以A,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

4.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“mid-Atlantic”可以定位到文章第六段第二句Overthelast25yearstheEnglishusedbymanypeople,particularlybythoseinthemedia,advertisingandshowbusiness,hasbecomemoreandmoremid-Atlanticinstyle,deliveryandaccent.（在過去的25年里，許多人使用的英語，尤其是媒體、廣告和演藝界使用的英語，在風(fēng)格、表達(dá)方式和口音上越來越像大西洋中部的英語。），說明美式英語對英語影響很大，前文第二段又說到BBC英式英語一直是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語，那么現(xiàn)在的英語就必定是受美式英語很大影響的英式英語，而地理上大西洋正好位于英、美之間。因此B選項(xiàng)“美國和英國”正確。A選項(xiàng)“美國和歐洲”，C選項(xiàng)“大西洋”，D選項(xiàng)“在大西洋的中間”均不符合題意，所以A,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

5.推理判斷題。A選項(xiàng)“學(xué)校里教的是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語”，由原文可知，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語就是BBC英語，學(xué)校不可能都在教BBC英語，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“年輕人拒講標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語因?yàn)樗麄兪桥涯娴摹保稍目芍?，年輕人主要是不想在講話時(shí)顯出階級差別，事實(shí)上二戰(zhàn)后很多人都這樣，不僅是年輕人，不能根據(jù)這一點(diǎn)說明年輕人是叛逆的，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“在過去的25年里，英語受到美國英語的影響”，由原文可知，語言的影響是一個(gè)長期的過程，不能說在特定一段時(shí)間影響，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“本世紀(jì)以來，英語有了很大的變化”，根據(jù)文章第一段AstheEnglishlanguagehaschangedatafastspeedinthiscentury,sohastheuseoftheEnglishlanguage.（在這個(gè)世紀(jì)里，隨著英語語言的快速變化，英語語言的使用也在快速變化。）可知，本世紀(jì)以來英語有了很大的變化，所以D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Iwasaboutto（

）amatchwhenIrememberedTom’swarning.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rub

B.hit

C.scrape

D.strike

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。rub摩擦；hit打擊，碰撞；scrape刮擦；strike撞擊，打，擦。strikeamatch為固定搭配，表示“劃火柴”。

句意：我正要?jiǎng)澔鸩駮r(shí)想起了湯姆的警告。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

8.單選題

IsittruethattheAmericanintellectualisrejectedandconsideredofnoaccountinhissociety?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.senseless

B.unimportant

C.indifferent

D.uninteresting

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)senseless“愚蠢的；無知覺的；無意識(shí)的”；B選項(xiàng)unimportant“不重要的；瑣碎的”；C選項(xiàng)indifferent“不關(guān)心的，冷淡的”；D選項(xiàng)uninteresting“無趣味的；乏味的”。句意：美國知識(shí)分子在他的社會(huì)中被排斥，被認(rèn)為是……，這是真的嗎？根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息theAmericanintellectualisrejected“美國知識(shí)分子被排斥”，也即是說美國知識(shí)分子在他們的社會(huì)中很難享有一席之地，因?yàn)樗麄儾皇苤匾?。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Wecandistinguishthreedifferentrealmsofmatter,threelevelsonthequantumladder.Thefirstistheatomicrealm,whichincludestheworldofatoms,theirinteractions,andthestructuresthatareformedbythem,suchasmolecules,liquidsandsolids,andgasesandplasmas.Thisrealmincludesallthephenomenaofatomicphysics,chemistry,and,inacertainsense,biology.Theenergyexchangestakingplaceinthisrealmareofarelativelyloworder.Iftheseexchangesarebelowoneelectronvolt,suchasinthecollisionsbetweenmoleculesoftheairinaroom,thenatomsandmoleculescanberegardedaselementaryparticles.Thatis,theyhave“conditionalelementarity”becausetheykeeptheiridentityanddonotchangeinanycollisionsorinotherprocessesattheselowenergyexchanges.Ifonegoestohigherenergyexchanges,say104electronvolts,thenatomsandmoleculeswilldecomposeintonucleiandelectrons;atthislevel,thelatterparticlesmustbeconsideredaselementary.WefindexamplesofstructuresandprocessesofthisfirstrungofthequantumladderonEarth,onplanets,andonthesurfacesofstars.

Thenextrungisthenuclearrealm.Heretheenergyexchangesaremuchhigher,ontheorderofmillionsofelectronvolts.Aslongaswearedealingwithphenomenaintheatomicrealm,suchamountsofenergyareunavailable,andmostnucleiareinert:theydonotchange.However,ifoneappliesenergiesofmillionsofelectronvolts,nuclearreactions,fissionandfusion,andtheprocessesofradioactivityoccur;ourelementaryparticlesthenareprotons,neutrons,andelectrons.Inaddition,nuclearprocessesproduceneutrinos,particlesthathavenodetectablemassorcharge.Intheuniverse,energiesatthislevelareavailableinthecentersofstarsandinstarexplosions.Indeed,theenergyradiatedbythestarsisproducedbynuclearreactions.ThenaturalradioactivitywefindonEarthisthelong-livedremnantofthetimewhennow-earthlymatterwasexpelledintospacebyamajorstellarexplosion.

Thethirdrungofthequantumladderisthesubnuclearrealm.Herewearedealingwithenergyexchangesofmanybillionsofelectronvolts.Weencounterexcitednucleons,newtypesofparticlessuchasmesons,heavyelectrons,quarks,andgluons,andalsoantimatterinlargequantities.Thegluonsarethequanta,orsmallestunits,oftheforce（thestrongforce）thatkeepsthequarkstogether.Aslongaswearedealingwiththeatomicornuclearrealm,thesenewtypesofparticlesdonotoccurandthenucleonsremaininert.Butatsubnuclearenergylevels,thenucleonsandmesonsappeartobecomposedofquarks,sothatthequarksandgluonsfigureaselementaryparticles.

1.Theprimarytopicofthepassageis（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,radioactivitythatoccursnaturallyonEarthistheresultof（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanbefoundintheatomicrealm?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,gluonsarenot（）.

5.Thepassagespeaksofparticlesashavingconditionalelementarityifthey（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theinteractionoftherealmsonthequantumladder

B.atomicstructuresfoundonEarth,onotherplanets,andonthesurfacesofstars

C.levelsofenergythatarereleasedinnuclearreactionsonEarthandinstars

D.particlesandprocessesfoundintheatomic,nuclear,andsubnuclearrealms

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theproductionofparticlesthathavenodetectablemassorelectriccharge

B.highenergyexchangesonthenuclearlevelthatoccurredinanancientexplosioninastar

C.processesthatoccurinthecenteroftheSun,whichemitsradiationtotheEarth

D.high-voltagedischargesofelectricitythattookplaceintheatmosphereoftheEarthshortlyaftertheEarthwasformed

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Morethanonelevelofenergyexchange

B.Exactlyoneelementaryparticle

C.Exactlythreekindsofatomicstructures

D.Noparticlessmallerthanatoms

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.foundtobeconditionallyelementary

B.producedinnuclearreactions

C.encounteredinsubnuclearenergyexchanges

D.relatedtothestrongforce

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.remainunchangedatthegivenlevelofenergyexchange

B.cannotbedecomposedintosmallerconstituents

C.releaseenergyatalowlevelincollisions

D.belongtothenuclearlevelonthequantumladder

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本篇開頭介紹了我們可以區(qū)分物質(zhì)的三個(gè)不同領(lǐng)域，在量子階梯上的三個(gè)層次。接著三段分別闡述了原子能領(lǐng)域，原子核領(lǐng)域以及亞核領(lǐng)域的物質(zhì)及物質(zhì)產(chǎn)生過程。故D項(xiàng)“在原子、原子核和亞核領(lǐng)域中發(fā)現(xiàn)的粒子和過程”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段"However,ifoneappliesenergiesofmillionsofelectronvolts,nuclearreactions,fissionandfusion,andtheprocessesofradioactivityoccur;ourelementaryparticlesthenareprotons,neutrons,andelectrons."然而，如果一個(gè)人應(yīng)用數(shù)百萬電子伏特的能量，核反應(yīng)、裂變和聚變，那么放射性過程就會(huì)發(fā)生;我們的基本粒子是質(zhì)子、中子和電子。據(jù)此可知地球上自然發(fā)生的放射性現(xiàn)象是極高的能量交換發(fā)生反應(yīng)的結(jié)果。故B項(xiàng)“是一個(gè)古老的恒星爆炸過程中的高能量的核水平交換的結(jié)果”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“atomicrealm”可定位到第一段Iftheseexchangesarebelowoneelectronvolt,……Ifonegoestohigherenergyexchanges,say104electronvolts,thenatomsandmoleculeswilldecomposeintonucleiandelectrons;atthislevel,thelatterparticlesmustbeconsideredaselementary.如果這些交換低于1電子伏特，如果進(jìn)行更高的能量交換，比如104電子伏特，那么原子和分子就會(huì)分解成原子核和電子;在這個(gè)層次上，后一種粒子必須被認(rèn)為是基本粒子。據(jù)此可知第一段在原子領(lǐng)域不止一級能量交換，可以有高能量和低能量交換。故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)與原文內(nèi)容"thenatomsandmoleculeswilldecomposeintonucleiandelectrons;atthislevel,thelatterparticlesmustbeconsideredaselementary."那么原子和分子就會(huì)分解成原子核和電子;在這個(gè)。層次上，后一種粒子必須被認(rèn)為是基本粒子”不符，原子領(lǐng)域除了基本粒子還有其他成分。CD兩項(xiàng)第一段未提及。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞gluons定位到第三段"Thegluonsarethequanta,orsmallestunits,oftheforce（thestrongforce）thatkeepsthequarkstogether.Aslongaswearedealingwiththeatomicornuclearrealm,thesenewtypesofparticlesdonotoccurandthenucleonsremaininert.Butatsubnuclearenergylevels,thenucleonsandmesonsappeartobecomposedofquarks,sothatthequarksandgluonsfigureaselementaryparticles."膠子是使夸克聚集在一起的力（強(qiáng)力）的量子，或最小的單位。只要我們研究的是原子或核領(lǐng)域，這些新型粒子就不會(huì)出現(xiàn)，核子也會(huì)保持惰性。但是在亞核能級，核子和介子似乎是由夸克組成的，所以夸克和膠子是基本粒子。據(jù)此可知膠子不會(huì)出現(xiàn)在原子和核領(lǐng)域，故B項(xiàng)正確。其他選項(xiàng)與題干中的gluons無關(guān)。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞"conditionalelementarity"定位到第一段"Iftheseexchangesarebelowoneelectronvolt,suchasinthecollisionsbetweenmoleculesoftheairinaroom,thenatomsandmoleculescanberegardedaselementaryparticles.Thatis,theyhave“conditionalelementarity”becausetheykeeptheiridentityanddonotchangeinanycollisionsorinotherprocessesattheselowenergyexchanges."如果這些交換低于1電子伏特，例如在一個(gè)房間里空氣分子之間的碰撞，那么原子和分子可以被視為基本粒子。也就是說，它們有“條件元素性”因?yàn)樗鼈儽３炙鼈兊耐恍?，在任何碰撞或其他低能量交換過程中都不會(huì)改變。據(jù)此可知條件元素性在能量交換過程中不會(huì)改變。故A項(xiàng)“給定的能量交換水平上保持不變”正確。

10.單選題

“Youtrytogetsomesleep.I'll（）thepatientsbreakfast,”saidthenurse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.seeto

B.stickto

C.getto

D.leadto

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。seeto“注意，負(fù)責(zé)”；stickto“堅(jiān)持”；getto“到達(dá)”；leadto“導(dǎo)致，通向”。句意：這位護(hù)士說：“你去睡一會(huì)吧，我會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)病人的早餐的”。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

Beforeabillcanbecomelaw,ithastohavethefull（

）ofbothHousesorParliament.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.justification

B.warrant

C.endorsement

D.verification

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。justification意為“辯解”；warrant意為“授權(quán)令，委任，依據(jù)”；endorsement意為“支持，認(rèn)可”；verification意為“審核，證實(shí)”。

句意：在法案成為法律之前，必須得到議會(huì)和國會(huì)的完全授權(quán)。

12.單選題

Thereisavirtuallimitonhowlongwecanhopetoremainalive,howeverluckyand（）weare.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.vulnerable

B.rigorous

C.vicious

D.robust

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)vulnerable“易受攻擊的；易受傷害的”；B選項(xiàng)rigorous“嚴(yán)格的；嚴(yán)厲的”；C選項(xiàng)vicious“惡毒的；惡意的”；D選項(xiàng)robust“強(qiáng)健的；健康的”。句意：不論我們多么幸運(yùn)、多么……，我們能存活多長時(shí)間是有限度的。根據(jù)前面的信息lucky“幸運(yùn)的”，那么與之并列的形容詞也應(yīng)該為積極的詞匯。由此可以排除A，B，C選項(xiàng)。而后面說到的是remainalive“活著”可以知道應(yīng)該與描述身體的詞匯有關(guān)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

IarrivedattheairportsolatethatI（）missedtheplane.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.only

B.quite

C.narrowly

D.seldom

【答案】C

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)only表示“僅僅，只有”，B選項(xiàng)quite表示“相當(dāng)；非常；很”，C選項(xiàng)narrowly表示“狹窄地；勉強(qiáng)地，以毫厘之差，仔細(xì)地”，D選項(xiàng)seldom表示“很少，不常”。由句意可知，我到飛機(jī)場非常晚，差點(diǎn)兒誤機(jī)。因此，只有C項(xiàng)最符合原句語境，故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

14.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.

中國式問候

吃飯時(shí)間，“你吃了嗎？”是中國人最常用的問候語。不理解這種風(fēng)俗的外國人會(huì)認(rèn)為這是在邀請一起吃飯。但是，這僅僅是簡單的問候，不是真的在發(fā)出邀請，所以可以回答“吃了，我吃過了。”或者說“沒有，我還沒吃?！背恕澳愠粤藛?”，中文中還有其他打招呼的方式，比如說“去哪兒？”、“忙嗎？”、“干什么呢？”、“去上班？”等等。我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)中國人問候的時(shí)候喜歡問別人在做什么，做了什么，要做什么。

【答案】Chinesegreeting

“Haveyoueaten?”isacommongreetingamongChinesewhenitisthetimeforameal.Foreignerswhodonotunderstandthiskindofcustommightregardthisasaninvitationtohaveamealtogether.However,thisisjustasimplegreeting,notarealinvitation,socanreplywith“Yes,Ihaveeaten.”or“No,notyet.”Inadditionto“Haveyoueaten?”,therearemanyotherexpressionsforsayinghelloinChinese,like“Whereareyougoing?”,“Areyoubusy?”,“Whatareyoudoing?”,“Areyougoingtowork?”,etc.WecanfindthatwhenChinesepeoplegreeteachother,theyliketoaskaboutthethingsothersaredoing,justdidoraregoingtodo.

15.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

成都是一座來了就不想走的城市。

莫貪意外之財(cái)，莫飲過量之酒。

老弱病殘?jiān)袑Ｗ?/p>

作為求職者，過于隨性的穿著會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響你被錄用的幾率。

調(diào)查表明，很少有人能夠完全獻(xiàn)身于自己的事業(yè)。

【答案】Chengduisacitythatyouneversaygood-bye.

Chengduisthekindofcitythatyouwillbegreatlyfascinatedonceyouvisit.

Notakingfreemoney；Nodrinkingexcessivewine.

Donotbegreedyforwindfallsandoverdrinkyourselfeither.

Seatsarereservedforseniors,theweak,thesick，thedisabledandthepregnant.

Asajobseeker,dressingmorecasually/informallywillseriouslyaffectyouremployment.

Surveyshows/indicatesthatfewpeoplecanfullybededicatedto/bedevotedtotheirowncareer.

16.單選題

AbigprobleminlearningEnglishasaforeignlanguageislackofopportunitiesfor（

）interactionwithproficientspeakersofEnglish.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.instantaneous

B.provocative

C.verbal

D.dual

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)instantaneous“瞬間的；即時(shí)的”；B選項(xiàng)provocative“刺激的；氣人的”；C選項(xiàng)verbal“口頭的；言語的”；D選項(xiàng)dual“雙的；雙重的”。句意：把英語作為一門外語來學(xué)習(xí)的大問題在于缺少與精通英語的人進(jìn)行……交流的機(jī)會(huì)。綜合句意與選項(xiàng)可知，大問題是缺少與speakerofEnglish進(jìn)行“口頭交流”的機(jī)會(huì)。C選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Whenacountryisunder-populated,newcomersarenotcompetitors,butassistants.Ifmorecometheymayproducenotonlynewquotas,buta（1）aswell.Insuchastateofthingslandis（2）andcheap.Thepossessionofit（3）nopowerorprivilege.Noonewillworkforanotherforwages（4）hecantakeupnewlandandbehisownmaster.Henceitwillpaynoonetoownmorelandthanhecan（5）byhisownlabor,orwithsuchaidashisownfamily（6）

.Hence,again,land（7）littleornorent;therewillbenolandlordslivingonrentandnolaborerslivingon（8）,butonlyamiddleclassofyeomanfarmers.Allare（9）onanequality,anddemocracybecomesthepoliticalform,becausethisistheonlystateofsocietyinwhichequality,onwhichdemocracyis（10）,isrealizedasafact.Thesameeffectsarepowerfully（11）byotherfacts.Inanewandunder-populatedcountrytheindustrieswhicharemostprofitablearetheextractiveindustries.The（12）ofthese,withtheexceptionofsomekindsofmining,isthattheycall（13