考研考博-英語-吉首大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉首大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

He（）incourtthathehadseentheprisonerrunoutofthebankafterithadbeenrobbed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.justified

B.witnessed

C.testified

D.identified

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)justify“證明合法，證明……是正當(dāng)?shù)摹保籅選項(xiàng)witness“目擊，證明，為……作證”；C選項(xiàng)testify“作證，證明”；D選項(xiàng)identify“確定，鑒定，識(shí)別”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以表示“作證，證明”，但testifyincourt是固定用法，表示“出庭作證”，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.單選題

Inourcountry,millionsofordinarymenandwomenareworkingto（）povertyandbackwardness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.figureout

B.wipeout

C.carryout

D.takeout

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)figureout“理解，算出”；B選項(xiàng)wipeout“消滅，消除”；C選項(xiàng)carryout“實(shí)行”；D選項(xiàng)takeout“拿走，去掉”。句意：在我們偉大的社會(huì)主義國家里，千百萬普通男女正在為消除貧窮落后而無私地工作著。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

3.單選題

Yesterdayafternoonamultitudeofpeopleattendedthefundraisingpresentationinthemall

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.smallnumber

B.specialgroup

C.hugecrowd

D.youthfulteam

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。amultitudeof許多的，大批的。只有C項(xiàng)“hugecrowd大群人”正確。句意：昨天下午，許多人參加了在商場舉行的募捐活動(dòng)。

4.單選題

Onemajorobstacle[A]toeconomicdevelopmentispopulationgrowth.[B]Thepopulationsofmostdevelopingcountriesgrowataratemuchfasterthan[C]thatofindustrializedcountries.Onereasonforthisgrowthisthehighcrudebirth-rate—thenumberof[D]livebirthsper1,000people.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.Thepopulations

C.that

D.livebirths

【答案】C

【解析】考查代詞用法。B選項(xiàng)與C選項(xiàng)中間有比較標(biāo)志than說明兩者之間有比較。C選項(xiàng)的that指代thepopulations，應(yīng)與前面的復(fù)數(shù)形式保持一致，應(yīng)把that改為those。

5.單選題

ChlorineisamainstayinmostswimmingpoolsintheUnitedStates,andisusedtoeradicatebacteria.Abacteria-freepoolwillusuallyensurethatswimmerswon'tcontractaseriousillnessiftheyspendtimein,andpossiblyingest,thewater.Whenchlorineisaddedtopoolwater,achemicalreactionoccurswherebythechlorinebreaksdownintoalegionchemicalsthatcombinetokillbacteriathatmaybeinthewater.Thesechemicals,specificallyhypochlorousacidandhypochloriteion,eliminatebacteriabyannihilatingandthenoxidizingtheabhorrentcells.Whenthischemicalreactionoccurs,thebacteriaarerenderedessentiallyharmless.Thischemicalreactiondoesn’toccurimmediately-individualcomponentswithinchlorinetakevaryingamountsoftimetointeractwiththebacteria,creatinganalmosttime-release-typeofkillinthepoolwater.

Chlorinemustberegularlyreplenished.Astheyreact,thehypochlorousacidandhypochloriteioncombinetocreateaparticularacceptablepHlevelinthepoolwater.ApHisameasureofthealkalinityandaciditypresent;apHvalueof7representsaneutralvalue,and7.4isthepHvalueofthehumantear.ThepHratiomustberegularlymonitoredtoensureaconsistentoptimumrate-oneusuallykeptwithinthespectrumof7to8asmeasuredbyareliablepHmeasuringkit.Asthechemicalsinchlorinecompletetheirreactions,theybreakdownandarenolongereffectiveinkeepingthepoolwaterneutralized.Additionalchlorinemustbeaddedtowateratspecifictimes.Outdoorpoolsthatareindirectsunlightneedtohavewateraddedmoreoftenbecausethechemicalreactiontimeforchlorineisincreasedanditseffectivenessisreducedintheseconditions.Sincethehypochloriteionisanespeciallypotentchemicalcapableoffadingfabricsandpaint,mostpeoplearemeticulousaboutrinsingchlorinefrompotentiallyaffectedareas.Althoughchlorineisinexpensiveandwidelyavailable,somepeoplefindthebleachsmelltoberepugnantandthedistinctaromapresentatmanyswimmingpoolstobeoverwhelming.Thesepeoplemaynotbeabletoenjoyaquaticpursuitsinthosepoolsthatemploychlorineasacleansingagent.Otherpeoplemayfindthatinhalingchlorineatthehighlevelspresentaroundsomepoolsmaybedifficulttotolerate.Stillothersmayexperienceskinirritationafterswimminginapoolcontainingchlorine.Althoughthereareotherchemicalsandcompoundsavailabletocleanswimmingpools,theymaybeprohibitivelyexpensiveorincapableofkillingalltypesofbacteriapresentinthewater.

1.Accordingtothepassage,astablepHvalueinpoolwaterisdependentuponwhichofthefollowing

（

）.

2.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeisto

（

）.

3.Basedonthepassage,whichstatementisprobablyNOTtrueofchlorine?

4.TheauthorincludestheinformationaboutthepHofhumantearsmainlyto（

）.

5.AllofthefollowingstatementsaretrueaboutchlorineEXCEPTthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ensuringthatthereisonlyaminimumamountofbacteriainthewater

B.Monitoringandaddingchlorinewhenwarranted

C.Payingcloseattentiontothereactionsofchemicalsinthepoolwater

D.Ensuringthatwaterisprotectedfromdirectsunlight

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.offeranunbiasedopinionofchlorine，sefficacy

B.provideanargumentforusingchlorine

C.discussthechemicalreactiontakingplacewithinapool

D.showhowchlorinecankeeppoolwatersafe

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itcanbeharmfulifswallowed.

B.Occasionalhighlevelsinpoolwaterareprobablynotharmful.

C.Itcankillmostcommontypesofpoolwaterbacteria.

D.Apool’ssizewilldictatetheamountneeded.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.givethereaderabaseofreference

B.provideavisualimageforthereader

C.personalizethepassagetoenhanceinterest

D.answerthereader’santicipatedquestion

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.chlorine'sefficacyisaffectedbysunlight

B.chlorineismadeupoftwochemicals:hypochlorousacidandhypochlorineion

C.chlorineisusuallysaidtobemalodorous

D.chlorinelevelsmustberoutinelyassessedinpoolwater

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第二段“Chlorinemustberegularlyreplenished.氯必須定期補(bǔ)充”及“ThepHratiomustberegularlymonitoredtoensureaconsistentoptimumrate-oneusuallykeptwithinthespectrumof7to8asmeasuredbyareliablepHmeasuringkit.必須定期監(jiān)測pH值比，以確保一致的最佳速率-通常保持在一個(gè)可靠的pH值測量試劑盒測量的7至8的光譜范圍內(nèi)。”可知B項(xiàng)“必要時(shí)監(jiān)測并加氯”符合題意。

2.作者意圖題。由第一段“Thesechemicals,specificallyhypochlorousacidandhypochloriteion,eliminatebacteriabyannihilatingandthenoxidizingtheabhorrentcells.Whenthischemicalreactionoccurs,thebacteriaarerenderedessentiallyharmless.這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)，特別是次氯酸和次氯酸鹽離子，通過消滅和氧化可惡的細(xì)胞來消滅細(xì)菌。當(dāng)這種化學(xué)反應(yīng)發(fā)生時(shí)，細(xì)菌基本上是無害的?！笨芍髡咧饕窍虢榻B氯氣是如何確保泳池干凈和安全的。

3.推理判斷題。定位到最后一段“Otherpeoplemayfindthatinhalingchlorineatthehighlevelspresentaroundsomepoolsmaybedifficulttotolerate.Stillothersmayexperienceskinirritationafterswimminginapoolcontainingchlorine.Althoughthereareotherchemicalsandcompoundsavailabletocleanswimmingpools,theymaybeprohibitivelyexpensiveorincapableofkillingalltypesofbacteriapresentinthewater.其他人可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，吸入一些泳池周圍高濃度的氯可能很難忍受。還有一些人在含有氯的游泳池游泳后可能會(huì)感到皮膚刺激。雖然有其他化學(xué)物質(zhì)和化合物可以用來清潔游泳池，但它們可能昂貴得令人望而卻步，或者無法殺死水中存在的所有類型的細(xì)菌?！笨芍行┤宋胍恍┯境刂車邼舛鹊穆瓤赡芎茈y忍受。故B項(xiàng)“偶爾泳池里的氯含量高可能是無害的。”表述錯(cuò)誤。

4.推理判斷題。作者通過舉例直觀地解釋PH值的知識(shí)，讓讀者有一些了解

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)對(duì)本文第二段的理解，一旦氯氣在太陽光下，那么它的有效性就會(huì)降低，而第一段指出氯氣中發(fā)生反應(yīng)的化學(xué)元素主要是次氯酸和次氯酸離子，但這無法推理出就僅僅只有這兩種物質(zhì)，B項(xiàng)“氯由兩種化學(xué)物質(zhì)組成：次氯酸和低氯離子”答案過于絕對(duì)。

6.單選題

Thefillingstation（）becausethereweretoomanyothersonthestreet.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wentunder

B.wentthrough

C.fellout

D.fellthrough

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)gounder“破產(chǎn)，屈服”；B選項(xiàng)gothrough“參加，經(jīng)受，仔細(xì)檢查，通過”；C選項(xiàng)fellout“爭吵”；D選項(xiàng)fellthrough“未能實(shí)現(xiàn)”。句意：這個(gè)加油站破產(chǎn)了，因?yàn)榻稚线€有很多其他的加油站。選項(xiàng)A符合語境。

7.單選題

Duringthelastwar,andeveninitsfinalstages,thelightsweredimmed,butnot____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.distinguished

B.disturbed

C.exhibit

D.extinguished

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.distinguished杰出的B.disturbed心煩意亂的

C.exhibit展出D.extinguished熄滅

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接與形近詞辨析

【解題思路】空格所在部分語義為“燈光變暗了，但沒有____。”D選項(xiàng)extinguished“熄滅”與前文“燈光變暗”語義銜接最緊密。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)distinguished“杰出的”，為extinguished的形近詞，但不符合原句語義銜接；

B選項(xiàng)disturbed“心煩意亂的”，不符合原句語義銜接；

C選項(xiàng)exhibit“展出”，不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】在上次戰(zhàn)爭期間，甚至在戰(zhàn)爭的最后階段，燈光都變暗了，但并沒有熄滅。

8.單選題

Wewouldjustassoonstayathome（）goforawalk.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.than

B.but

C.as

D.so

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定句型。would(just)assoon...as意為“寧愿...也不...”。句意“我們寧愿待在家里也不愿出去散步。”所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

9.單選題

I’vebeenwritingformostofmylife.ThebookWritingWithoutTeachersintroducedmetoonedistinctionandonepracticethathashelpedmywritingprocessestremendously.Thedistinctionisbetweenthecreativemindandthecriticalmind.Whileyouneedtoemploybothtogettoafinishedresult,theycannotworkinparallelnomatterhowmuchwemightliketothinkso.

Tryingtocriticizewritingontheflyispossiblythesinglegreatestbarriertowritingthatmostofusencounter—Ifyouarelisteningtothat5thgradeEnglishteachercorrectyourgrammarwhileyouaretryingtocaptureafleeting(稍縱即逝的)thought,thethoughtwilldie.Ifyoucapturethefleetingthoughtandsimplyshareitwiththeworldinrawform,nooneislikelytounderstand.Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthinkingthatitis.

ThepracticethatcanhelpyoupastyourlearnedbadhabitsoftryingtoeditasyouwriteiswhatElbowcalls“freewriting”.Infreewriting,theobjectiveistogetwordsdownonpapernon-stop,usuallyfor15-20minutes.Nostopping,nogoingback,nocriticizing.Thegoalistogetthewordsflowing.Asthewordsbegintoflow,theideaswillcomeoutfromtheshadowsandletthemselvesbecapturedonyournotepadoryourscreen.

Nowyouhaverawmaterialsthatyoucanbegintoworkwithusingthecriticalmindthatyou’vepersuadedtositonthesideandwatchquietly.Mostlikely,youwillbelievethatthiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhaveandyouwillendupstaringblanklyatthepageasthedeadlinedrawsnear.

Insteadofstaringatablankscreenstartfillingitwithwordsnomatterhowbad.Halfwaythroughyouravailabletime,stopandreworkyourrawwritingintosomethingclosertofinishedproduct.Movebackandforthuntilyourunoutoftimeandthefinalresultwillmostlikelybefarbetterthanyourcurrentpractices.

1.Whentheauthorsaysthecreativemindandthecriticalmind“cannotworkinparallel”(Line4Para.1)inthewritingprocess,hemeans（）.

2.Whatpreventspeoplefromwritingonis（）.

3.Whatisthechiefobjectiveofthefirststagewriting?

4.Onecommonconcernofwritersabout“freewriting”isthat（）.

5.Inwhatwaydoesthecriticalmindhelpthewriterinthewritingprocess?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.noonecanbebothcreativeandcritical

B.theycannotberegardedasequallyimportant

C.theyareinconstantconflictwitheachother

D.onecannotusethematthesametime

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.puttingtheirideasinrawform

B.attemptingtoeditastheywrite

C.ignoringgrammaticalsoundness

D.tryingtocapturefleetingthoughts

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Toorganizeone’sthoughtslogically

B.Tochooseanappropriatetopic

C.Togetone’sideasdown.

D.Tocollectrawmaterials

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.itoverstressestheroleofthecreativemind

B.ittakestoomuchtimetoeditafterwards

C.itmaybringabouttoomuchcriticism

D.itdoesnothelpthemtothinkclearly

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itrefineshiswritingintobettershape

B.Ithelpshimtocomeupwithnewideas.

C.Itsavesthewritingtimeavailabletohim

D.Itallowshimtositonthesideandobserve

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthinkingthatitis.”如果你想讓寫作成為思考的工具，你必須先學(xué)會(huì)創(chuàng)作，然后再修改。所以作者說二者不能并行的意思是不能同時(shí)使用，選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Tryingtocriticizewritingontheflyispossiblythesinglegreatestbarriertowritingthatmostofusencounter”在飛快的寫作過程中修改可能是我們大多數(shù)人遇到的最大障礙。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Asthewordsbegintoflow,theideaswillcomeoutfromtheshadowsandletthemselvesbecapturedonyournotepadoryourscreen.”當(dāng)文字開始流暢起來時(shí)，想法也會(huì)從陰影中浮現(xiàn)出來，并呈現(xiàn)于記事本或屏幕上。由此可知，第一步寫作的主要目的是將想法記錄下來，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Mostlikely,youwillbelievethatthiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhaveandyouwillendupstaringblanklyatthepageasthedeadlinedrawsnear.”很有可能，你會(huì)認(rèn)為這比你實(shí)際擁有的時(shí)間要長，而且隨著最后期限的臨近，你最終會(huì)茫然地盯著這一頁。由此可推斷，對(duì)自由寫作的擔(dān)憂是寫作的人對(duì)自由寫作的擔(dān)憂是之后的編輯時(shí)間太長，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容，不要盯著空白的屏幕，用文字來填滿它，無論這些文字多么糟糕。在你可用的時(shí)間的一半，停下來，把你之前的寫作重寫成更接近成品的東西。反復(fù)修改，直到時(shí)間耗盡，最終的結(jié)果很可能比之前的練習(xí)要好得多。由此可知，批判性思維能夠幫助寫作更加完善。選項(xiàng)A正確。

10.單選題

Computersystemsemploymanytacticstothwartunauthorizedaccess.Manycomputersystemsrequireausertoenterasecretpasswordtogainaccess.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.strengthen

B.prevent

C.supervise

D.restrict

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。thwart表示“挫敗，反對(duì)，阻礙”；A項(xiàng)strengthen“加強(qiáng)，鞏固”，B項(xiàng)prevent“預(yù)防，防止，阻止”，C項(xiàng)supervise“監(jiān)督，管理，指導(dǎo)”，D項(xiàng)restrict“限制，約束，限定”。句意：計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)采用許多策略來阻止未經(jīng)授權(quán)的訪問；許多計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)要求用戶輸入密碼才能進(jìn)入。因此，根據(jù)句意可知B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Marywassuretowintheprize.Herbeautyandintelligencemadeher（

）fromthecandidates.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.showoff

B.standout

C.appearup

D.distinguishout

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。showoff“炫耀”；standout“突出，脫穎而出”；appearup“出現(xiàn)”；distinguishout“分辨出”。句意：Mary肯定能獲獎(jiǎng)。她的美麗和聰明將讓她從候選者中脫穎而出。由前半句以及Herbeautyandintelligence可知她的外貌和才智將使她從候選者中脫穎而出。答案B

12.單選題

Agoodscientist（

）intoallaspectsofaprobleminordertofindsolutions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pricks

B.pokes

C.probes

D.peers

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。prick意為“刺，扎，戳”；poke意為“戳，捅”；probe意為“追問，探究”；peer意為“凝視”。

句意：一個(gè)好的科學(xué)家會(huì)探究一個(gè)問題的所有方面去找到解決方案。

13.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Someaccepttheirfate.Otherstrytoreasonwiththepoliceofficerwhohaspulledthemoverforsomerealorimaginedtrafficoffense.Butwhenlawenforcementisrepresentedbyacomputer-drivencamerathathasimmortalizedyourviolationonfilm—asisthecaseathundredsofintersectionsinmorethan100citiesaroundtheU.S.—it’shardtotalkyourwayoutofaheavyfine.Yetthatispreciselywhatsome300motoristsinSanDiegosucceededindoinglastweekwhenasuperiorcourtjudgerulesthatpicturestakenbytheso-calledred-lightcameraswereunreliableandthereforeunacceptable.

ThefirstU.S.Courtdecisiontorejectallthetrafficviolationscaughtoncameras;therulingbyJudgeRonaldStynhasfueleddebateoverthegrowinguseofthedevices.Policedepartmentsswear,andstudiesindicate,thattherobotcamerasdeterpeoplefromspeedingandrunningredlights.ALouHarrispollsetforreleasethisweekfindsthat69%ofAmericanssupporttheiruse.Yetatleastsevenstateshaveblockedproposalstoimplementthem,andopponents—rangingfromHousemajorityleaderDickArmeytotheAmericanCivilLibertiesUnion—arguethatthecamerasviolateprivacyandplaceprofitabovepublicsafety.

Partoftheproblemisthatvirtuallyallthedevicesinplaceareoperatedbyprivatefirmsthathandleeverythingfrominstallingthemachinerytoidentifyingviolations—oftenwithminimalpoliceoversight—andhaveanincentivetopullinasmanydriversastheycan.Thecompaniesgetpaidasmuchas$70aticket,andthetotalrevenueishardlychumpchange.SanDiegohasgotin$15.9millionlastyearandWashington$12.8million.“It’sallaboutmoney,”saysCongressmanBobBarr,aleadingcritic.Notso,insistsTerranceGainer,Washington’sexecutiveassistantchiefofpolice.“Wehavereducedfatalities.IfsomecompanyismakingmoneyoffthatthatisAmericanway.”

Criticscounterthattheremustbeother,lessintrusivewaystomakeintersectionssafer,suchaslengtheningtheyellowlightandaddingturnlanes.“Iobjecttothisfixationwehavewithcamerasandelectronicallygatheredinformation,”saysBan.“Itplacestoomuchconfidenceintechnology.”Thatconfidence,asWashingtonresidentshavelearned,canbemisplaced.ThecityremovedonecameralastMaythathadgeneratedmorethan19,000ticketsataparticularlyconfusingintersection.InSanDiego,faultysensorsmadedriversappeartobegoingfasterthantheyreallywere.ThecitysuspendedthesysteminJuly.

Anotherconcernisprivacy.WhilesystemsinWashington,MarylandandNorthCarolinaphotographnothingbuttherearofthecar,othersinArizona,CaliforniaandColoradotakeapictureofthedriver’sseataswell—abitofelectronicmonitoringthatcouldlandstrayingspousesintroublealotmoreseriousthanatrafficviolation.

InEurope,whererobotcamerasaredeployedbythethousandsandareevenlesspopularthantheyarehere,resentfuldrivershavestartedtotakemattersintotheirownhands,seekingouthiddencamerasandknockingthemoverwiththeircars.

1.Itismainlyindicatedinthefirstparagraphthat________.

2.Thecourtdecisionlastweek________.

3.Opponents’argumentsagainstcamerasincludeallthefollowingEXCEPT________.

4.Policedepartmentbelievesthat________.

5.Thephrase“chumpchange”inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto________.

6.Accordingtothepassage,BobBarr________.

7.Thewriter’sattitudetowardsrobotcamerascanbebestexpressedas________.

8.SomedriversinEuropeancountries________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mostpeoplerespondintensivelywhencaughtintrafficoffense

B.motoristscanbewronglyaccusedbypoliceofficers

C.speederscannotdefendthemselvesbeforered-lightcameras

D.computer-drivencamerassometimesdotelllies

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.triggeredadisputeovertheuseofrobotcameras

B.excusedfewcamera-caughtviolatorsfrompunishment

C.foundfewerred-lightcamerasupportersinAmerica

D.deterredsomestatesfromimplementingcameradevices

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theyintrudeintopeople’sprivacy

B.theygiveprioritytothepursuitofprofit

C.theyareoperatedbyprivatefirms

D.theyareunderthesupervisionofpolice

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.robotcamerasshouldnotbeoperatedbyprivatefirms

B.robotcamerasareeffectiveinmaintainingtrafficorder

C.speedingisthemajorcauseoftrafficfatalities

D.companiesoperatingcamerasshouldnotpursuemoney

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.trivial

B.moderate

C.enormous

D.indefinite

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.isthemajorityleaderintheHouseofRepresentatives

B.isstronglyagainsttheAmericanwayofmakingmoney

C.lacksconfidenceinmoderntechnology

D.doubtstheauthenticityofelectronicallygatheredinformation

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.positive

B.negative

C.indifferent

D.uncertain

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.stronglysupportedtheuseofred-lightcameras

B.destroythousandsoftherobotcameras

C.taketheinitiativeintheuseofrobotcameras

D.takedrasticmeasureswithrobotcameras

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:D

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。題干提到第一段話暗示什么。文章第一段第一句話說Someaccepttheirfate.（一些人接受了命運(yùn)（被抓到真實(shí)的或者虛假的交通違規(guī)要罰款的命運(yùn)）），根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞some可知，A選項(xiàng)“大部分人被抓到交通違規(guī)之后反應(yīng)很強(qiáng)烈”錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“摩托車司機(jī)可能會(huì)被警察錯(cuò)誤地指控了”文中沒有提及；C選項(xiàng)“超速者在被紅燈攝像頭抓到后不能為自己辯護(hù)”錯(cuò)誤，第一段這個(gè)例子就是說300名駕車者在被紅燈攝像頭抓到違規(guī)，起訴交警部門后勝訴了，所以說超速者是可以為自己辯護(hù)的；第一段最后一句話…picturestakenbytheso-calledred-lightcameraswereunreliableandthereforeunacceptable（……所謂的“紅燈攝像頭”拍攝的照片不可靠，因此不可接受），這就是說D選項(xiàng)“紅路燈會(huì)說謊”正確。

第2題:推理判斷題。句意指法院的決定產(chǎn)生了什么樣的影響。我們定位到第二段第一句話…therulingbyJudgeRonaldStynhasfueleddebateoverthegrowinguseofthedevices.（法官RonaldStyn這項(xiàng)決定更加激發(fā)了關(guān)于增加使用該設(shè)備的決定），從fueled這個(gè)詞可知并不是這項(xiàng)判決引起的討論，而是討論本身就存在，判決加重了討論，A選項(xiàng)“引發(fā)了關(guān)于是否使用攝像頭的討論”錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“判決赦免了少部分闖紅燈被抓者的處罰”；C選項(xiàng)“判決發(fā)現(xiàn)支持紅燈攝像頭的人更少”，這兩項(xiàng)文中都沒有提及；定位到第二段第三句話ALouHarrispollsetforreleasethisweekfindsthat69%ofAmericanssupporttheiruse.Yetatleastsevenstateshaveblockedproposalstoimplementthem（LouHarris將于本周發(fā)布的民意調(diào)查顯示，69%的美國人支持使用該設(shè)備。但是，至少有7個(gè)州打回了關(guān)于安裝這些設(shè)備的提案），所以D選項(xiàng)“阻止了一些州安裝攝像頭”正確。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Opponents”（反對(duì)者），我們定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第三行opponents…arguethatthecamerasviolateprivacyandplaceprofitabovepublicsafety.（反對(duì)者……認(rèn)為這些攝像頭侵犯了隱私，而且把盈利置于公共安全之上），所以A、B可以排除；再定位到第三段第一句Partoftheproblemisthatvirtuallyallthedevicesinplaceareoperatedbyprivatefirmsthathandleeverythingfrominstallingthemachinerytoidentifyingviolations—oftenwithminimalpoliceoversight—andhaveanincentivetopullinasmanydriversastheycan.（部分問題在于，幾乎所有的設(shè)備都是由私人公司操作的，他們負(fù)責(zé)從安裝機(jī)器到識(shí)別違規(guī)行為的所有事情——通常是在最少的警察監(jiān)督下——并有盡可能多地吸引司機(jī)的動(dòng)機(jī)。），這里可知C選項(xiàng)“攝像頭確實(shí)是私人公司安裝的”排除；從關(guān)鍵詞minimal可知D選項(xiàng)“攝像頭是在警察的監(jiān)控之下的”是錯(cuò)誤的，所以答案選D。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞policedepartmentbelieves我們定位到文章第二段第二句：Policedepartmentsswear,andstudiesindicate,thattherobotcamerasdeterpeoplefromspeedingandrunningredlights.（警察部門發(fā)誓，研究表明，機(jī)器人攝像頭可以阻止人們超速和闖紅燈。）第三段最后兩句話Notso,insistsTerranceGainer,Washington’sexecutiveassistantchiefofpolice.“Wehavereducedfatalities.”（但事實(shí)并非如此，華盛頓警察局執(zhí)行助理局長特倫斯?蓋納（TerranceGainer）堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為?！拔覀儨p少了死亡人數(shù)。”）這兩句可以看出交警部門認(rèn)為攝像頭維持了交通秩序，所以選B選項(xiàng)“攝像頭有效地維持了交通秩序”。A選項(xiàng)“攝像頭不應(yīng)該由私人公司運(yùn)營”，D選項(xiàng)“公司運(yùn)營攝像頭的目的不應(yīng)該賺錢”，這兩個(gè)都不是交警部門的看法，C選項(xiàng)“超速是交通致死事故的主要原因”，文章沒有提及。

第5題:詞匯推斷題。A選項(xiàng)“細(xì)微的”；B選項(xiàng)“普遍的”；C選項(xiàng)“巨大的”D選項(xiàng)“無限的”。根據(jù)題干定位到“chumpchange”所在的句子，即第三段第二句話“Thecompaniesgetpaidasmuchas$70aticket,andthetotalrevenueishardlychumpchange.（該公司每張罰單能夠收到多達(dá)70美元的罰款，因而該公司總收入相當(dāng)可觀）”，我們根據(jù)后面的第三段三四句SanDiegohasgotin$15.9millionlastyearandWashington$12.8million.“It’sallaboutmoney,”saysCongressmanBobBarr,aleadingcritic.（圣地亞哥去年入賬1590萬美元，華盛頓入賬1280萬美元?！斑@一切都是關(guān)于錢，”國會(huì)議員鮑勃?巴爾如是說，他是主要的批評(píng)者。），從這句可以看出，華盛頓和圣地亞哥收到的交通罰款數(shù)量巨大，不然不會(huì)受到來自國會(huì)議員的批評(píng)。由此推測，答案選A。

第6題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干中的人名定位到文中提到該人物的地方，即第三段第四句“It’sallaboutmoney”,saysCongressmanBobBarr,aleadingcritic.（“這一切都是關(guān)于錢”國會(huì)議員鮑勃?巴爾如是說，他是主要的批評(píng)者。）所以選B選項(xiàng)“鮑勃?巴爾強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)美國特殊賺錢方式”。A選項(xiàng)“鮑勃?巴爾是眾議院的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”不符合文意，鮑勃?巴爾是安裝攝像頭的主要的反對(duì)者但是不是眾議院的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，排除A；C選項(xiàng)“鮑勃?巴爾對(duì)技術(shù)是否充滿信心”，文中沒有提及，排除；D選項(xiàng)“質(zhì)疑電子收集信息的權(quán)威性”文中也沒有提及。

第7題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。A選項(xiàng)“積極”；B選項(xiàng)“消極”；C選項(xiàng)“漠不關(guān)心”；D選項(xiàng)“不確定”。整篇文章作者只是比較客觀地描述了一些現(xiàn)象，文章中沒有明顯的句子或者詞語表現(xiàn)出作者的態(tài)度，所以對(duì)于作者的態(tài)度我們是不明確的，答案選D。

第8題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞“driversinEuropeancountries”，我們定位到最后一段“InEurope,whererobotcamerasaredeployedbythethousandsandareevenlesspopularthantheyarehere,resentfuldrivershavestartedtotakemattersintotheirownhands,seekingouthiddencamerasandknockingthemoverwiththeircars.（在歐洲，部署了數(shù)以千計(jì)的攝像頭并且這些攝像頭甚至比在這里（美國）更不受歡迎，心懷不滿的司機(jī)們已經(jīng)開始采取行動(dòng)，尋找隱藏的攝像頭，并用汽車撞倒它們。）”，由此答案選D選項(xiàng)“采用極端的手段對(duì)付攝像頭”，從最后一段可以看出，歐洲司機(jī)也不支持?jǐn)z像頭的安裝，所以A選項(xiàng)“支持?jǐn)z像頭的安裝”錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“數(shù)以千計(jì)的攝像頭被毀壞”，數(shù)以千計(jì)的攝像頭是總數(shù)而不是被毀壞的數(shù)量，所以不選；C選項(xiàng)“歐洲首先使用攝像頭”文章沒有提及，所以排除。

14.單選題

Popstarstodayenjoyastyleoflivingwhichwasoncetheprerogativeonlyofroyalty.Wherevertheygo,peopleturnoutintheirthousandstogreetthem.Thecrowdsgowildtryingtocatchabriefglimpseoftheirsmiling,colorfullydressedidols.ThestarsaretransportedintheirchauffeurdrivenRolls-Royces,privatehelicoptersorexecutiveairplanes.Theyaresurroundedbyapermanententourageofmanagers,pressagentsandbodyguards.Photographsofthemappearregularlyinthepressandalltheircomingsandgoingsarereportedfor,likeRoyaltypopstarsarenews.IftheyenjoymanyoftheprivilegesofRoyalty,theycertainlysharemanyoftheinconveniencesaswell.Itisdangerousforthemtomakeunscheduledappearanceinpublic.Theymustbeconstantlyshieldedfromtheadoringcrowdswhichidolizethem.Theyarenolongerprivateindividuals,butpublicproperty.Thefinancialrewardstheyreceiveforthissacrificecannotbecalculated,fortheirratesofpayareastronomical.

Andwhynot?Societyhasalwaysrewardeditstopentertainerslavishly.ThegreatdaysofHollywoodhavebecomelegendaryfamousstarsenjoyingfame,wealthadulationonanunprecedentedscale.Bytoday'sstandards,theexcessesofHollywooddonotseemquitesospectacular.Asinglegramophonerecordnowadaysmayearnmuchmoreinroyaltiesthanthefilmofthepasteverdid.Thecompetitionforthetitle“TopofthePop”isfierce,buttherewardsaretrulycolossal!

Itisonlyrightthatthestarsshouldbepaidinthisway.Don'tthetopmeninindustryearnenormoussalariesfortheservicestheyperformtotheircompanies?Popstarsearnvastsumsinforeigncurrencyoftenmorethanlargeindustrialconcernsandthetaxmancanonlybegratefulfortheirmassiveannualcontributionstotheexchequer.Sowhowouldbegrudgethemtheirrewards?

It’sallverywellforpeopleinhumdrumjobstomoanaboutthesuccessesandrewardsofothers.Peoplewhomakeenviousremarksshouldrememberthatthemostfamousstarsrepresentonlythetipoftheiceberg.Foreveryfamousstar,therearehundr