考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣東南華工商職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣東南華工商職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Developmentsinshipdesignandconstructionmethodscameaboutin（

）tochallengesencounteredintrading.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.awareness

B.response

C.contrast

D.agreement

【答案】B

【解析】inresponseto響應(yīng),回答,對(duì)...有反應(yīng)；incontrastto與...形成對(duì)照；選項(xiàng)A和D無(wú)此用法。句意:船舶設(shè)計(jì)和建造方法的發(fā)展是為了應(yīng)對(duì)貿(mào)易中遇到的挑戰(zhàn)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

2.單選題

Asurveyearlierthisyearfoundthatabout50percentofSouthAfricansthinkthat“most”or“almostall”governmentalofficialsareinvolvedin（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.robbery

B.violation

C.corruption

D.stealing

【答案】C

【解析】robbery搶劫，盜竊；violation侵害；corruption貪污，腐??；stealing偷竊。句意：今年早些時(shí)候的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，大約50%的南非人認(rèn)為“大多數(shù)”或“幾乎所有”政府官員都與腐敗有關(guān)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

3.單選題

Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscience,buttheirformandfunction,theirdimensionsandappearanceweredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventors,andengineers—usingnonscientificmodesofthought.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologistthinksaboutcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinthemindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess.InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennonverbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetails,androcketsexistnotbecauseofgeometryorthermodynamics,butbecausetheywerefirstapictureinthemindsofthosewhobuiltthem.

Thecreativeshapingprocessofatechnologist’smindcanbeseeninnearlyeveryartifactthatexists.Forexample,indesigningadieselengine,atechnologistmightimpressindividualwaysofnonverbalthinkingonthemachinebycontinuallyusinganintuitivesenseofrightnessandfitness.Whatwouldbetheshapeofthecombustionchamber?Whereshouldbethevalvesplayed?Shouldithavealongorshortpiston?Suchquestionshavearangeofanswersthataresuppliedbyexperience,byphysicalrequirements,bylimitationsofavailablespace,andnotleastbyasenseofform.Somedecisions,suchaswallthicknessandpindiameter,maydependonscientificcalculations,butthenonscientificcomponentofdesignremainsprimary.

Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestockintradeoftheartist,notthescientist.Becauseperceptiveprocessesarenotassumedtoentail“hardthinking”,nonverbalthoughtissometimesseenasaprimitivestageinthedevelopmentofcognitiveprocessandinferiortoverbalormathematicalthought.ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesandisometric(等距)viewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudentsattendingarchitecturalschools.

Ifcoursesindesign,whichinastronglyanalyticalengineeringcurriculumprovidethebackgroundrequiredforpracticalproblemsolving,arenotprovided,wecanexpecttoencountersillybutcostlyerrorsoccurringinadvancedengineeringsystems.Forexample,earlymodelsofhighspeedrailroadcarsloadedwithsophisticatedcontrolswereunabletooperateinasnowstormbecauseafansuckedsnowintotheelectricalsystem.Absurdrandomfailuresthatplagueautomaticcontrolsystemsarenotmerelytrivialaberrations,theyareareflectionofthechaosthatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whatistheuseofnonscientificthinking?

2.Itcanbeinferredthattheengineeringcurricula（）.

3.Bysaying“paradoxical”inthethirdparagraph,theauthorpointsoutthat（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingisprobablyinaccordancewiththeauthor’sidea?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Criticalthinkingmaybederivedfromnonscientificthinking.

B.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesofanobjectcanbeimagined.

C.Manyobjectsarecreatedwithclearverbaldescriptions.

D.Peoplefromdifferenttradesmaybenefitfromnonscientificthinking.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.arestrongdespitetheabsenceofnonscientificmodesofthinking

B.shouldnotemphasizenonverbalthinkinginallcourses

C.arethoughttoincludeverbalormathematicalcourse

D.canbestrengthenedwhentheyincludecoursesindesign

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.engineeringstudentsdonotunderstandthehistoryofAmericanengineering

B.engineeringstudentsshouldknowmorethanarchitecturalstudents

C.engineeringstudentsshouldperceiveanddesignbetterthanarchitecturalstudentsdo

D.engineeringstudentsneglecttheimportanceofdrawings

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Mathematicalthinkingisessentialtoanydesigncourse.

B.Nonverbalthinkinghasitsadvantagesoverotherperceptiveprocesses.

C.Engineeringdesigndemandsscientificthought.

D.Artistsplayaprimitiveroleinengineeringwork.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“nonscientificthinking”可以定位到文章第一段第一句buttheirformandfunction,theirdimensionsandappearanceweredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventors,andengineers—usingnonscientificmodesofthought.（但它們的形式和功能、尺寸和外觀是由技術(shù)人員、工匠、設(shè)計(jì)師、發(fā)明家和工程師用非科學(xué)的思維模式?jīng)Q定的。），說(shuō)明各個(gè)行業(yè)的人都可以用到非科學(xué)的思維模式。因此D選項(xiàng)“不同行業(yè)的人可能從非科學(xué)思維中受益”正確。A選項(xiàng)“批判性思維可能來(lái)源于非科學(xué)思維”，文中沒(méi)有提及批判性思維，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)物體的許多特征和品質(zhì)是可以想象的”不是說(shuō)的非科學(xué)性思維的用處，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“許多對(duì)象都是用清晰的語(yǔ)言描述創(chuàng)建的”，由原文Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologistthinksaboutcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions（技術(shù)專家思考的對(duì)象的許多特征和品質(zhì)不能簡(jiǎn)化為明確的語(yǔ)言描述），說(shuō)明不能用清晰的語(yǔ)言描述創(chuàng)建，所以C錯(cuò)誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“engineeringcurricula”可以定位到文章第三段第一句Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.（因此，設(shè)計(jì)課程應(yīng)該是工程課程的一個(gè)基本元素。），說(shuō)明設(shè)計(jì)課程對(duì)于工程學(xué)課程來(lái)說(shuō)很重要。因此D選項(xiàng)“如果工程學(xué)課程包括設(shè)計(jì)課的話，課程會(huì)得到加強(qiáng)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“盡管缺乏非科學(xué)的思維模式，但仍然很強(qiáng)大”，由原文Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestockintradeoftheartist,notthescientist.（非語(yǔ)言思維是工程設(shè)計(jì)的核心機(jī)制，它涉及到感知，是藝術(shù)家而非科學(xué)家的慣用手段。）可知工程學(xué)課程包含了非科學(xué)思維，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“不應(yīng)在所有課程中強(qiáng)調(diào)非語(yǔ)言思維”，C選項(xiàng)“被認(rèn)為包括語(yǔ)言或數(shù)學(xué)課程”在文中沒(méi)有提及，所以B，C錯(cuò)誤。

3.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“paradoxical”可以定位到文章第三段第四句ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesandisometricviewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudentsattendingarchitecturalschools.（但自相矛盾的是，當(dāng)《美國(guó)工程歷史記錄》的工作人員希望讓人畫出機(jī)器的圖紙和工業(yè)過(guò)程的等距視圖，用于其對(duì)美國(guó)工程的歷史記錄時(shí)，具備必要能力的大學(xué)生卻不是工科生，而是就讀于建筑學(xué)院的學(xué)生。），說(shuō)明要求非語(yǔ)言思維的工程專業(yè)學(xué)生本應(yīng)該有更好的感知和設(shè)計(jì)能力，但他們卻不如建筑學(xué)院的學(xué)生，這是自相矛盾的。因此C選項(xiàng)“工程專業(yè)的學(xué)生應(yīng)該比建筑專業(yè)的學(xué)生更好地感知和設(shè)計(jì)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“工程專業(yè)的學(xué)生不了解美國(guó)工程的歷史”，B選項(xiàng)“工程專業(yè)的學(xué)生應(yīng)該比建筑專業(yè)的學(xué)生懂得更多”，D選項(xiàng)“工程專業(yè)的學(xué)生忽視了圖紙的重要性”都不是作者想指出的內(nèi)容，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。A選項(xiàng)“數(shù)學(xué)思維對(duì)任何設(shè)計(jì)課程都是必不可少的”，由原文theyareareflectionofthechaosthatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.（當(dāng)設(shè)計(jì)被認(rèn)為主要是一個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題時(shí)，它們反映了產(chǎn)生的混亂。），說(shuō)明數(shù)學(xué)思維對(duì)于設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)說(shuō)不是必不可少的，所以A錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“工程設(shè)計(jì)需要科學(xué)的思想”，由原文可知作者強(qiáng)調(diào)的是非科學(xué)思維，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“藝術(shù)家在工程工作中扮演著原始的角色”在文中沒(méi)有提及所以D錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“非語(yǔ)言思維比其他知覺(jué)過(guò)程有優(yōu)勢(shì)”，由原文可知在很多方面都需要用到非語(yǔ)言思維，說(shuō)明作者認(rèn)為非語(yǔ)言思維是有優(yōu)勢(shì)的，所以B選項(xiàng)最能代表作者的觀點(diǎn)。

4.單選題

Thegovernmentistryingtodosomethingto（）betterunderstandingbetweenthetwocountries.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.raise

B.promote

C.heighten

D.increase

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。raise“提高，籌集”；promote“促進(jìn)，提升”；heighten“提高，增高”；increase“增加，增大”。句意：政府正在努力做一些事情來(lái)促進(jìn)兩國(guó)之間更好的理解。B項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Whentheyoungmandiedunexpectedly,ittookhealthexpertsseveralweeksofintensivelabworktoidentifytheculprit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.curl

B.curve

C.cause

D.curse

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。橫線單詞culprit意為“犯人，罪犯；元兇”；A選項(xiàng)“curl”意為“卷曲；卷發(fā)；螺旋狀物”；B選項(xiàng)“curve”意為“曲線；彎曲；曲線球；曲線圖表”；C選項(xiàng)“cause”意為“原因；事業(yè)；目標(biāo)”；D選項(xiàng)“curse”意為“詛咒；咒罵；禍根”。句意：當(dāng)這個(gè)年輕人意外死亡時(shí)，健康專家花了幾個(gè)星期進(jìn)行深入細(xì)致的實(shí)驗(yàn)室工作來(lái)確定罪魁禍?zhǔn)?。由題干可知，theyoungmandiedunexpectedly（這個(gè)年輕人意外死亡了）所以健康專家肯定是要確定導(dǎo)致他死亡的原因，或者說(shuō)元兇。由此可知，culprit在此處最可能是“元兇”的意思，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中curse具有“禍根”的意思，與此相近。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Budgetforecastsaretheultimatelessonintakingthings（）inhindsight,mostforecastslookworsethanrandomguesses.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.withastrokeofthepen

B.withawhipofscorpions

C.withagrainofsalt

D.withallduesubmission

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。withastrokeofthepen“一筆一劃”；withawhipofscorpions“用殘酷的高壓手段”；withagrainofsalt“持懷疑態(tài)度，有保留”；withallduesubmission“必恭必敬的”。句意：預(yù)算預(yù)估對(duì)事情的猜測(cè)持保留態(tài)度，大多數(shù)預(yù)測(cè)看起來(lái)比隨機(jī)猜測(cè)更糟。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

7.單選題

Thementalcommoditymostdemandwillbepracticalwisdomratherthanspecialized（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.experiment

B.expertise

C.witness

D.cleverness

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)experiment“達(dá)到，實(shí)現(xiàn)”；B選項(xiàng)expertise“要求”；C選項(xiàng)witness“獲得，學(xué)到”；D選項(xiàng)cleverness“詢問(wèn)”。句意：人們最需要的精神產(chǎn)品將是實(shí)用的智慧，而不是小聰明。選項(xiàng)D更符合語(yǔ)境。

8.單選題

Certainlynocreatureintheseaisodderthanthecommonseacucumber.Alllivingcreatures，especiallyhumanbeings,havetheirpeculiarities,buteverythingaboutthelittleseacucumberseemsunusual.Whatelsecanbesaidaboutabizarreanimalthat,amongothereccentricities,eatsmud，feedsalmostcontinuouslydayandnightbutcanlivewithouteatingforlongperiods,andcanbepoisonousbutisconsideredsupremelyediblebygourmets?

Forsomefiftymillionyears，despiteallitseccentricities,theseacucumberhassubsistedonitsdietofmud.Itisadaptableenoughtoliveattachedtorocksbyitstubefeet,underrocksinshallowwater,oronthesurfaceofmudflats.CommonincoolwateronbothAtlanticandPacificshores,ithastheabilitytosuckupmudorsandanddigestwhatevernutrientsarepresent.

Seacucumberscomeinavarietyofcolors,rangingfromblacktoreddish-browntosand-coloredandnearlywhite.Oneformevenhasvividpurpletentacles.Usuallythecreaturesarecucumber-shaped—hencetheirname—andbecausetheyaretypicallyrockinhabitants,thisshape,combinedwith(heirflexibility,enablesthemtosqueezeintocreviceswheretheyaresafefrompredatorsandoceancurrents.

Althoughtheyhavevoraciousappetites,eatingdayandnight,seacucumbershavethecapacitytobecomequiescentandliveatalowmetabolicrate—feedingsparinglyornotatallforlongperiods,sothatthemarineorganismsthatprovidetheirfoodhaveachancetomultiply.Ifitwerenotforthisfaculty.theywoulddevourallthefoodavaila-bleinashorttimeandwouldprobablystarvethemselvesoutofexistence.

Butthemostspectacularthingabouttheseacucumberisthewayitdefendsitself.Itsmajorenemiesarefishandcrabs.Whenattacked,itsquirtsallitsinternalorgansintothewater.Italsocastsoffattachedstructuressuchastentacles.Theseacucumberwilleviscerateandregenerateitselfifitisattackedoreventouched;itwilldothesameifthesurroundingwatertemperatureistoohighorthewaterbecomestoopolluted.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whyistheshapeofseacucumberimportant?

2.Thefourthparagraphofthepassageprimarilydiscusses（）

3.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthedefensemechanismsoftheseacucumber?

4.WhichofthefollowingwouldNOTcauseaseacucumbertoreleaseitsinternalorgansintothewater?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseithelpsthemdigestfood.

B.Becauseithelpsthemprotectthemselvesfromdanger.

C.Becauseitmakesiteasierforthemtomovethroughmud.

D.Becauseitmakesthemattractivetofish.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thereproductionofseacucumbers

B.thefoodsourcesofseacucumbers

C.theeatinghabitsofseacucumbers

D.threatstoseacucumbers'existence

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyareverysensitivetothesurroundingstimuli.

B.Theyarealmostuseless.

C.Theyrequiregroupcooperation.

D.Theyaresimilartothoseofmostseacreatures.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Atouch

B.Food

C.Unusuallywarmwater

D.Pollution

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“enablesthemtosqueezeintocreviceswheretheyaresafefrompredatorsandoceancurrents.”。可知海參的顏色和形狀使它們可以藏進(jìn)裂縫中，可以遠(yuǎn)離捕食者，更好地保護(hù)自己。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.主旨題。根據(jù)第四段，“Althoughtheyhavevoraciousappetites,eatingdayandnight..”。海參的胃口很大，可以晝夜不停地吃。可知第四段主要討論海參的飲食習(xí)慣。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Theseacucumberwilleviscerateandregenerateitselfifitisattackedoreventouched”一受到攻擊甚至是觸摸，海參把內(nèi)臟會(huì)噴射到水里然后重生，可推斷出海參對(duì)外界的攻擊反應(yīng)是很靈敏的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“…ifitisattackedoreventouched…ifthesurroundingwatertemperatureistoohighorthewaterbecomestoopolluted.”?？芍疁亍⑺廴?、攻擊或者觸碰都會(huì)使海參有反應(yīng)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

9.單選題

Please（）fromsmokinguntiltheaeroplaneisairborne.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.refrain

B.prevent

C.resist

D.restrain

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。refrainfrom克制，抑制，忍??；preventfrom阻止，制止；resist一般與to搭配，意為“抵抗，反抗”；restrain的用法為restrainsb.fromdoingsth.,意為“阻止某人做某事”。這里指克制住抽煙的沖動(dòng)，所以選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。

10.單選題

Thereasonhewantstotakealeaveofabsenceis______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.becauseheisneedingacompleterest

B.becauseheneededacompleterest

C.thatheneedsacompleterest

D.becauseacompleterestisneededbyhim

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.becauseheisneedingacompleterestB.becauseheneededacompleterest

C.thatheneedsacompleterestD.becauseacompleterestisneededbyhim

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】表語(yǔ)從句。

【解題思路】分析句子可知，句子缺少表語(yǔ)，而結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，該句的句意是“他想休假的原因是他需要充分休息”，所以空格處是一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句，because和that都可以引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，而“需要休息”的主體是he，所以從句中的主語(yǔ)用he，又根據(jù)前面的wants可知，need應(yīng)該同樣用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)need一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；

B項(xiàng)need時(shí)態(tài)使用錯(cuò)誤；

D項(xiàng)主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是he，故排除。

【句意】他想休假的原因是他需要充分休息。

11.單選題

Oncethevice-chancellorofauniversityis（

）,hebeginshistermofoffice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.launched

B.commenced

C.inaugurated

D.initiated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。launch意為“發(fā)射”；commence意為“開始，著手”；inaugurate意為“為（某人）舉行就職典禮，啟動(dòng)，開創(chuàng)”；initiate意為“開始，發(fā)起”。

句意：大學(xué)副校長(zhǎng)就職典禮一旦舉行，他就開始了任期。

12.問(wèn)答題

Cancerdevelopswhencellsinapartofthebodybegintogrowoutcontrol.Althoughtherearemanykindsofcancer,theyallstartbecauseofout-of-controlgrowthofabnormalcells.

Normalbodycellsgrow,divide,anddieinanorderlyfashion.Duringtheearlyyearsofaperson’slife,normalcellsdividemorerapidlyuntilthepersonbecomesanadult.Afterthat,cellsinmostpartsofthebodydivideonlytoreplaceworn-outordyingcellsandtorepairinjuries.

Becausecancercellscontinuetogrowanddivide,theyaredifferentfromnormalcells.Insteadofdying,theyoutlivenormalcellsandcontinuetoformnewabnormalcells.Cancercellsoftentraveltootherpartsofthebodywheretheybegintogrowandreplacenormaltissue.Thisprocess,calledmetastasis,occursasthecancercellsgetintothebloodstreamorlymphvesselsofourbody.Whencellsfromacancerlikebreastcancerspreadtoanotherorganliketheliver,thecancerisstillcalledbreastcancer,notlivercancer.

CancercellsdevelopbecauseofdamagetoDNA.Thissubstanceisineverycellanddirectsallitsactivities.MostofthetimewhenDNAbecomesdamagedthebodyisabletorepairit.Incancercells,thedamagedDNAisnotrepaired.PeoplecaninheritdamagedDNA,whichaccountsforinheritedcancers.Manytimesthough,aperson’sDNAbecomesdamagedbyexposuretosomethingintheenvironment,likesmoking.

Cancerusuallyformsasatumor.Somecancers,likeleukemia,donotformtumors.Instead,thesecancercellsinvolvethebloodandblood-formingorgansandcirculatethroughothertissueswheretheygrow.Rememberthatnotalltumorsarecancerous.Benigntumorsdonotspreadtootherpartsofthebodyand,withveryrareexceptions,arenotlifethreatening.

Differenttypesofcancercanbehaveverydifferently.Forexample,lungcancerandbreastcancerareverydifferentdiseases.Theygrowatdifferentratesandrespondtodifferenttreatments.Thatiswhypeoplewithcancerneedtreatmentthatisaimedattheirparticularkindofcancer.

CanceristhesecondleadingcauseofdeathintheUnitedStates.Halfofallmenandone-thirdofallwomenintheUSwilldevelopcancerduringtheirlifetimes.Today,millionsofpeoplearelivingwithcancerorhavehadcancer.Theriskofdevelopingmosttypesofcancercanbereducedbychangesinaperson’slifestyle,forexample,byquittingsmokingandeatingabetterdiet.Thesooneracancerisfoundandtreatmentbegins,thebetterarechancesforlivingformanyyears.

1.Howarecancercellsdifferentfromnormalones?

2.Whydoescancercelldevelop?

3.Iscancerhereditary?Why?

4.Areallthetumorscancerous?Whyorwhynot?Giveyourreasons.

【答案】答：

1.Insteadofdying,cancercellsoutlivenormalcellsandcontinuetoformnewabnormalcells.

2.CancercellsdevelopbecauseofdamagetoDNA.

3.Yes,itisbecausepeoplecaninheritdamagedDNA,whichaccountsforinheritedcancers.

4.Notalltumorsarecancerousbecausetherearebenigntumors,whichdonotspreadtootherpartsofthebodyandusuallyarenotlifethreatening.

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“癌細(xì)胞與正常細(xì)胞有何不同？”。第三段前兩句提到Becausecancercellscontinuetogrowanddivide,theyaredifferentfromnormalcells.Insteadofdying,theyoutlivenormalcellsandcontinuetoformnewabnormalcells.（因?yàn)榘┘?xì)胞繼續(xù)生長(zhǎng)和分裂，所以它們不同于正常細(xì)胞；它們不是死亡，而是比正常細(xì)胞活得更久，并繼續(xù)形成新的異常細(xì)胞），所以把這兩句整合到一起，答案為Insteadofdying,cancercellsoutlivenormalcellsandcontinuetoformnewabnormalcells（癌細(xì)胞不會(huì)死亡，而是比正常細(xì)胞活得更久，并繼續(xù)形成新的不正常細(xì)胞）。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“癌細(xì)胞為什么會(huì)產(chǎn)生？”。第四段第一句就提到了CancercellsdevelopbecauseofdamagetoDNA.（癌細(xì)胞的產(chǎn)生是由于對(duì)DNA的破壞），因此答案為這一句。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“癌癥遺傳嗎？為什么？”。文章第四段提到Incancercells,thedamagedDNAisnotrepaired.PeoplecaninheritdamagedDNA,whichaccountsforinheritedcancers.（在癌細(xì)胞中，受損的DNA無(wú)法修復(fù)；人們可以遺傳受損的DNA，這就是遺傳性癌癥的原因）可知，癌癥會(huì)遺傳，原因是癌細(xì)胞破壞的DNA，而受損的DNA可以遺傳。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“所有的腫瘤都是惡性的嗎？為什么是或?yàn)槭裁床皇?？”。根?jù)第五段最后兩句Rememberthatnotalltumorsarecancerous.Benigntumorsdonotspreadtootherpartsofthebodyand,withveryrareexceptions,arenotlifethreatening.（記住，不是所有的腫瘤都是惡性的；良性腫瘤不會(huì)擴(kuò)散到身體的其他部位，不會(huì)危及生命，除了極少數(shù)例外）可知，不是所有的腫瘤是惡性的。故答案為Notalltumorsarecancerousbecausetherearebenigntumors,whichdonotspreadtootherpartsofthebodyandusuallyarenotlifethreatening（不是所有的腫瘤都是惡性的，因?yàn)橛辛夹阅[瘤，它們不會(huì)擴(kuò)散到身體的其他部位，通常不會(huì)危及生命）。

13.單選題

Thetutortellstheundergraduatethatonecanacquire（）inaforeignlanguagethroughmorepractice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.proficiency

B.efficiency

C.efficacy

D.frequency

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)proficiency“精通，熟練”；B選項(xiàng)efficiency“效率，效能，功效”；C選項(xiàng)efficacy“功效，效力”；D選項(xiàng)frequency“頻率，頻繁”。句意：導(dǎo)師告訴本科生，通過(guò)多練習(xí)，可以_____一門外語(yǔ)。這里表達(dá)的意思是“熟練地掌握一門外語(yǔ)”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

Takingchargeofyourselfinvolvesputtingtorestsomeveryprevalentmisconceptions.（46）thetopofthelististhenotionthatintelligenceis（47）byyourabilitytosolvecomplexproblems,toread,writeandcomputeatcertainlevels,andtoresolveabstractequationsquickly.Thisvisionof（48）assertsformaleducationandbookishexcellenceasthetruemeasuresofselffulfillment.It（49）akindofintellectualprejudicethathasbroughtwithitsomediscouragingresults.Wehave（50）tobelievethatsomeonewhohasmoreeducationalmeritbadges,whoisverygoodatsomeformofschooldiscipline,is“intelligent”.（51）mentalhospitalsarefilledwithpatientswhohavealloftheproperlyletteredcertificates.Atruerindicatorofintelligenceisaneffective,happylifelivedeachdayaneachpresentmomentofeveryday.

Ifyouarehappy,ifyouliveeachmomentforeverythingit’sworth,thenyouareanintelligentperson.Problem（52）isausefulhelptoyourhappiness,butifyouknowthatgivenyourinabilitytoresolveaparticularconcernyoucanstillchoosehappinessforyourself,or（53）aminimumrefusetochooseunhappiness,（54）youareintelligent.Youareintelligentbecauseyouhavetheultimateweapon（55）thebigN.B.D.—NervousBreakDown.

“Intelligent”peopledonothaveN.B.D.’sbecausetheyarein（56）ofthemselves.Theyknowhowtochoosehappiness（57）depression,becausetheyknowhowtodealwiththeproblemsof（58）lives.

Youcanbegintothinkofyourself（59）trulyintelligentonthebasisof（60）youchoosetofeel（61）thefaceofdifficultcircumstances.Thelifestrugglesareprettymuchthesameforeachofus.Everyonewhoisinvolvedwithotherhumanbeingsinanysocialcontexthas（62）difficulties.Disagreements,conflictsandcompromisesareapartof（63）itmeanstobehuman.Similarly,money,growingold,sickness,deaths,naturaldisastersandaccidentsarealleventswhich（64）problemstovirtuallyallhumanbeings.Butsomepeopleareabletomake（65）toavoidimmobilizingdepressionandunhappinessdespitesuchoccurrences,whileothercollapseorhaveanN.B.D.Thosewhorecognizedproblemsasahumanconditionanddon’tmeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsarethemostintelligentkindofhumansweknow;alsothemostrare.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.At

B.On

C.Under

D.Over

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.measured

B.meant

C.machined

D.molded

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.notion

B.disability

C.intelligence

D.misconception

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.experiences

B.encourages

C.encounters

D.exploits

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.come

B.gradually

C.been

D.being

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.Hence

B.Therefore

C.Thus

D.Yet

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.finding

B.tracking

C.solving

D.killing

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.with

C.to

D.at

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.then

B.but

C.since

D.as

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.opposite

B.against

C.toward

D.across

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.power

B.place

C.charge

D.danger

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.against

B.from

C.under

D.over

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.their

B.our

C.its

D.his

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.at

C.when

D.as

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.how

B.why

C.when

D.where

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.up

B.in

C.to

D.against

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.same

B.obvious

C.varying

D.similar

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.what

B.how

C.when

D.which

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.propose

B.present

C.prosecute

D.proceed

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.them

B.that

C.their

D.it

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:C

第8題:D

第9題:A

第10題:B

第11題:C

第12題:D

第13題:A

第14題:D

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:D

第18題:A

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】46.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)At“在”；B選項(xiàng)On“在……上”；C選項(xiàng)Under“在……之下；Over“越過(guò)；在……之上”。句意：排在首列的是這樣一種觀念……。固定搭配Atthetopofthelist“在列表的頂部”。Onthetopof一般是用來(lái)說(shuō)明在某物的上部。句中的主語(yǔ)不是一個(gè)具體的事物，可排除。Under與top詞義相反，不可搭配使用。Overthetopof一般是指懸空在上方，可排除。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

47.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)measured“測(cè)量”；B選項(xiàng)meant“意味著”；C選項(xiàng)machined“機(jī)器加工”；D選項(xiàng)molded“用模子塑造”。句意：排在首位的是這樣一種觀念：智力是由你解決復(fù)雜問(wèn)題的能力來(lái)……的。而且根據(jù)后面的介詞by，可知空格內(nèi)填入measured最為恰當(dāng)。短語(yǔ)bemeasuredby“由……來(lái)衡量”。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

48.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)notion“概念；見(jiàn)解”；B選項(xiàng)disability“無(wú)能；無(wú)資格”；C選項(xiàng)intelligence“智力；才智”；D選項(xiàng)misconception“誤解”。句意：這種……觀認(rèn)為正規(guī)教育和優(yōu)秀的書卷氣是衡量自我實(shí)現(xiàn)的真正標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。根據(jù)指示代詞this指代上一句的thenotion，由thenotion后面的that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句內(nèi)容可知談?wù)摰氖顷P(guān)于intelligence的看法。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

49.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)experiences“經(jīng)歷”；B選項(xiàng)encourages“鼓勵(lì)；激勵(lì)”；C選項(xiàng)encounters“遭遇”；D選項(xiàng)exploits“開發(fā)；剝削”。句意：它……了一種智力偏見(jiàn)，并帶來(lái)了一些令人沮喪的結(jié)果。由后面說(shuō)到的帶來(lái)了一些令人沮喪的結(jié)果可知，一定是智力偏見(jiàn)加劇后從而得到的結(jié)果。encourage也有“助長(zhǎng)”的意義，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

50.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)come“來(lái)”；B選項(xiàng)gradually“逐漸地”；C選項(xiàng)been“是；有”，be的過(guò)去分詞；D選項(xiàng)being“是；有”，be的現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：我們……相信。固定搭配havecometodo“已經(jīng)開始”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

51.考查語(yǔ)義邏輯。A選項(xiàng)Hence“因此”；B選項(xiàng)Therefore“因此”；C選項(xiàng)Thus“因此”；D選項(xiàng)Yet“然而；但是”。前一句說(shuō)的是我們開始相信，那些獲得更多教育獎(jiǎng)?wù)?、擅長(zhǎng)某種形式的學(xué)校紀(jì)律的人是“聰明的”?？崭窈蟮膬?nèi)容是精神病院的病人都擁有所有正確的證書。兩個(gè)句子存在一種轉(zhuǎn)折，得了很多證書拿了獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的人是聰明的，然而精神病院的病人也大多收獲了很多證書。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

52.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)finding“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；B選項(xiàng)tracking“追蹤；跟蹤”；C選項(xiàng)solving“解決”；D選項(xiàng)killing“殺死”。句意：……問(wèn)題對(duì)你的幸福是有幫助的?？梢耘cproblem“問(wèn)題”搭配的是發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，或者是解決問(wèn)題。根據(jù)后一句的關(guān)鍵詞resolve“解決”可知，這里是在說(shuō)解決問(wèn)題對(duì)幸福是有幫助的。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

53.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)for“為了；對(duì)”；B選項(xiàng)with“和；具有”；C選項(xiàng)to“朝；位于”；D選項(xiàng)at“在；以”。句意：或者……拒絕選擇不快樂(lè)。固定搭配ataminimum“至少”。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

54.考查語(yǔ)義邏輯。A