考研考博-英語(yǔ)-桂林理工大學(xué)博文管理學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-桂林理工大學(xué)博文管理學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Whenshebeganthejob,Lisashowed（

）andwaspromotedtoamanagerafterayear.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.nitiative

B.ambition

C.attribute

D.peculiarity

【答案】B

【解析】initiative主動(dòng)權(quán)，首創(chuàng)精神；ambition抱負(fù)，雄心；attribute屬性，特質(zhì)；peculiarity怪癖，特征。句意：當(dāng)麗莎開(kāi)始這份工作時(shí)就展現(xiàn)了她的抱負(fù)，一年后被提升為經(jīng)理。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

2.單選題

Manyhadbecomesocaughtupintheirownlivesthattheyhadletgoldenfriendships_______byovertheyears.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.slip

B.stick

C.shift

D.skip

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.slip悄悄疾行，溜B.stick粘貼，粘住

C.shift快速移動(dòng)；轉(zhuǎn)移，挪動(dòng)D.skip蹦蹦跳跳地走

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】goldenfriendships和橫線處構(gòu)成主謂搭配關(guān)系，這里指的是美好的友誼因?yàn)闊o(wú)暇顧及而______，slip符合語(yǔ)境，指的是友誼在不知不覺(jué)間消失，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)境。

【句意】許多人一心撲在自己的生活上，以至于美好的友誼隨著時(shí)間的流逝而溜走。

3.單選題

WecanrelyonWilliamtocarryoutthismission,forhisjudgmentisalways______enough.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inexplicable

B.healthy

C.sound

D.straight

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)inexplicable“費(fèi)解的；無(wú)法說(shuō)明的；不能解釋的”；B選項(xiàng)healthy“健康的，健全的；有益于健康的”；C選項(xiàng)sound“合理的；無(wú)損的；有能力的；充足的；徹底的；熟睡的；資金充實(shí)的；嚴(yán)厲的；健全的”；D選項(xiàng)straight“直的；連續(xù)的；筆直的；正直的；整齊的；異性戀的”。句意：我們可以靠威廉去完成這個(gè)任務(wù)，因?yàn)樗臎Q策總是合理的。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.翻譯題

Whatisthebestexercisetocontrolhighbloodpressure?Takeyourpick,asthebestexercisetocontrolhighbloodpressureseemstobevirtuallyanyexercise,likewalkingorcyclingorlightweighttraining,especiallyifyourworkoutsarespreadthroughouttheday.

“Evenstandingmightwork,”saysGlennGaesser,thedirectoroftheHealthyLifestylesResearchCenteratArizonaStateUniversityandanexpertonexerciseandhypertension.Exerciselowersbloodpressureinlargepartbyalteringbloodvesselstiffnesssobloodflowsmorefreely.Thiseffectoccursduringandimmediatelyafteraworkout,sotheblood-pressurebenefitsfromexercisearemostpronouncedrightafter,youworkout.Asaresult,thebestwaytofighthypertensionmaybetodivvyupyourworkoutintobite-sizepieces.

Ina2012studybyDr.Gaesser,three10-minutewalksspreadthroughoutthedaywerebetteratpreventingsubsequentspikesinbloodpressure—whichcanindicateworseningbloodpressurecontrol—thanone30-minutewalk.Andifevena10-minutewalksoundsdaunting,trystandingmoreoften.InanotherstudyledbyDr.GaesserandpublishedinAugust,overweightvolunteerswithbloodpressureproblemswereaskedtositcontinuouslyduringaneight-hourworkdaywhiletheirbloodpressurewasmonitored.Thereadingswere,asexpected,unhealthy.

Butwhen,duringanotherworkday,thosevolunteersstoodupeveryhourforatleast10minutes,theirbloodpressurereadingsimprovedsubstantially.Thereadingswereevenbetterwhen,onadditionalworkdays,thevolunteersstrolledatapokey1-mile-per-hourpaceattreadmilldesksforatleast10minuteseveryhourorpedaledunder-deskexercisebikesforthesamenumberofminuteseveryhour.

“Exerciseintensitydoesnotappeartoplayanysignificantrole”inhelpingpeoplecontrolbloodpressure,Dr.Gaessersays.Movementiswhatmatters.Sogoforastrollafewtimesduringthedayorsimplystandupmoreoftentodevelophealthierbloodpressure.

【答案】【參考譯文】

控制血壓的最佳鍛煉方式是什么？任何鍛煉都好，幾乎所有運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)控制血壓都非常有效，比如步行、騎車(chē)或是輕的負(fù)重練習(xí)，全天式的鍛煉會(huì)讓減壓效果更好。

亞利桑那州立大學(xué)健康生活方式研究中心的主任格林?蓋瑟爾是位鍛煉與高血壓方面的專(zhuān)家，他認(rèn)為“哪怕站著也會(huì)有幫助?！卞憻捊档脱獕旱脑颍饕且?yàn)檫\(yùn)動(dòng)可以改善血管硬度使得血流更加通暢。這樣的效果在鍛煉中和鍛煉后都會(huì)馬上顯現(xiàn)，因而在剛剛運(yùn)動(dòng)完其降壓效果尤其明顯。結(jié)論就是最好的對(duì)抗高血壓的方式，是類(lèi)似少食多餐那樣進(jìn)行少量多次的運(yùn)動(dòng)。

在蓋瑟爾2012年發(fā)表的一篇報(bào)告中，他建議將一天運(yùn)動(dòng)量均分為3個(gè)時(shí)長(zhǎng)為10分鐘的步行，這樣比一次步行30分鐘相比可以更好預(yù)防血壓出現(xiàn)峰值，血壓峰值出現(xiàn)往往意味著控壓惡化。甚至說(shuō)如果10分鐘步行聽(tīng)著都有些嚇人的話，那就多站站。蓋瑟爾博士主導(dǎo)過(guò)另一項(xiàng)研究并將成果于8月出版，研究要求一些超重并有高血壓?jiǎn)栴}的志愿者在8小時(shí)的工作日里一直坐在座位上，同時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)其血壓，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)血壓讀數(shù)如預(yù)料的一樣非常不健康。

但在另一個(gè)工作日，當(dāng)要求這些志愿者每小時(shí)至少站立10分鐘后，他們的血壓讀數(shù)顯著改善。接著在另外一個(gè)工作日，這些志愿者需要每小時(shí)用帶跑步機(jī)的書(shū)桌慢速走10分鐘（配速為每小時(shí)1英里/1.6公里），或者用桌下型蹬車(chē)器每小時(shí)練習(xí)10分鐘，鍛煉后的血壓讀數(shù)改善得更為顯著。

蓋瑟爾博士稱就輔助人們控制血壓方面來(lái)說(shuō)，“鍛煉強(qiáng)度起不到什么作用?！边\(yùn)動(dòng)起來(lái)才是關(guān)鍵。所以每天多走幾步或多站幾次來(lái)打造健康血壓吧。

5.單選題

Billisanexampleofaseverelydisabledpersonwhohasbecome（

）atmanysurvivalskills.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.proficient

B.persistent

C.consistent

D.sufficient

【答案】A

【解析】proficient熟練的，精通的；persistent固執(zhí)的，堅(jiān)持的；consistent始終如一的，一致的；sufficient足夠的，充分的。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)該是精通技能，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

6.單選題

ManyvisitorspraisedthemagnificentarchitectureofthePalace______theForbiddenCity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.knowntoforeignersfor

B.knowntoforeignersas

C.knownforforeignerstobe

D.knownforforeignersas

【答案】B

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)。句意：許多游客驚嘆于這座被外國(guó)人熟知，被稱為紫禁城的宏偉建筑。beknownto“為……所知”，beknownas“作為……而出名，被稱為”，beknownfor“因?yàn)椤雒?。橫線到句尾是對(duì)thePalace進(jìn)行修飾的定語(yǔ)，宮殿被外國(guó)人所知，并且被稱為紫禁城，所以B選項(xiàng)knowntoforeignersas符合題意。其余選項(xiàng)介詞用法錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

FirsttherewasaWashingtonPostarticlepublishedshortlyaftertheelectionsonthepresumptivenewHousespeaker,"MutedTonesofQuietAuthority：ALookSuitedtotheSpeaker."Itofferedtheinformationthat"Pelosi'ssuitwasbyGiorgioArmani—theItalianmasterofneutraltonesandmodernpowerdressing—andsheworeitwell."Thearticleatleastappearedinthenewspaper'sStylesection,butwaschock—fullofpsychoanalyticforaysintoPelosi'swardrobechoices,assertingthat"anArmanisuit,forawoman,isatoolforplayingwiththeboyswithoutpretendingtobeone."IwouldwagerthatPelosiisonewomanwhodoesn'tplayaroundwithanyone.

ThentherewasaNewYorkTimesarticleinJanuaryinitsThursdayStylessectiontitled"SpeakingChictoPower."WhilenotingthatPelosi,barelyinhernewjobamonth,hadbroughttheHousetovotesonaminimumwageincrease,stemcellresearchandMedicaredrugprices,thearticlesaid"shediditlookingpreternaturallyfresh,withawardrobethat.whitestillsubduedandover-reliantonsuits,hasseldomsprucedthehallsofCongress."

SimilararticlesappearedintheBaltimoreSunandChicagoTribune.Mentionedwereotherwomenpoliticiansandtheirfashionchoices,suchasSen.HillaryClinton'shairstyleandpreferenceforblackpantsuitsorFloridaRep.DebbieWassermanSchultz'shaircut.Thequestioniswhetherfocusingontheclothingchoicesofseriousfemalepoliticalplayersrisksrenderingthemlessthanserious.Anotherquestioniswhethersuchreportswarrantpreciousspace.Afterall,withrareexceptions,malepoliticiansareseldomscrutinizedfortheirchoiceofsuits.

Somereportersandeditorshaven'tfiguredoutawaytocoverfemalepoliticiansthatdoesn'trelyontheoldstereotypes,saysGailDines,sociologyandwomen'sstudiesprofessoratWheelockCollegeinBoston."Tobeawomanpolitician,youhavetostrategizeandworkhard,andyetwhatmattersiswhatdesigneryou'rewearing.It'sawaytomakewomeninpowerlessscary,"Dinesnotes."It'sputtingwomenintoacomfortzoneforthosewhoarestillbaffledbyhowtotreatstrongwomen."

Thearticlesseemathrowbacktoatimewhenwomenwereonlyspouses,notplayers,saysRuthMandel,directoroftheEagletonInstituteofPoliticsatRutgersUniversity."Tofocusontheirattire,thecutoftheirclothes...istobeindangeroftrivializingwhotheyare,theimportantroletheyplayandthemeaningbehindwomen'sadvancementtopositionsofpower:Thatis,we'removingtoatruedemocracyofsharedleadership."

Theproblemisthemediahaven'tquitecaughtup."Awomanwhorisestoaleadershippositionatanylevelisgoingtodressappropriately,"saysKathleenHallJamieson,professorattheAnnenbergSchoolofCommunicationsattheUniversityofPennsylvania."Itunderscoreshercompetenceandisnotadistraction.Youtakeforgrantedthatitwouldnotbeworthyofcommentanymore."Jamiesonthinkstheunderlyingmotivationforreportingonfemalepoliticians'styleis"thenaturalnewsinterestintalkingaboutwhatchanges,andmendon'tlookdifferent.Thereisauniformformeninpowerandweallknowthatitlookslike.Theonlythingtochangeisthecoloroftheshirtortie."Becausewomenhavegreaterfashionoptions,changestheymakearemoreobviousandinviteanalysis.NowthatPelosi's"uniform"hasbeenestablished,thatshouldbetheendofit.DittoforClinton."Clintonnowhasarangeofwhatshewears."Jamiesonsays."Shehasn'tbeenchanginghairstylesorherpantsuits.Thatisourdefinitionofwhatshewears,andthatshouldendit."

TomRosenstiel,directoroftheProjectforExcellenceinJournalism,thinksreportingthatdescribeswomenpoliticians'appearanceisjustifiedinprofilesofthem.Femalepoliticianswillcertainlysurvivesuchsillycoverage,andsomearguethestoriesareharmless.Butthesewomenarerolemodelsforyoungwomenandofferanalternativetothefashionmodelandcelebrityinsettingthestandardforfemalebeautyandworth.

Dinesworriesthatwhenthemediaemphasizetheappearanceofwomen,itperpetuatesattitudesinthelargerworldthatdevalueandlimitwomen."Thesearefortunate,privilegedwomen,"Dinesnotesofpoliticians,butforyoungwomentryingtomakeitintheworld,howtheylookcanaffecttheiropportunities."

1.Thepassagemainlyabout（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofPelosi?

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueofmalepoliticalleaders?

4.Somepeoplecontendthemedia（）.

5.ProfessorJamiesonbelievesthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thecaptiouscoverageofpowerfulwomenattire

B.fashionablewomenleadersintheUSA

C.theseriousnessoffemalepoliticalplayers

D.theimportanceofmakingpowerfulwomenlessscary

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Shewascoveredinthenewspaperfashionsection.

B.Shebroughtsomecontroversialideastovoteinthehouse.

C.HerfashionbroughtanextraordinaryfreshnessintheHouse.

D.ShestakedonsomerecreationsastheHousespeaker.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theytrivializefemalepoliticalleadersbyfocusingontheirattire.

B.Theyarealwaysbaffledbyhowtotreatwomeninpower.

C.Theyareseldominspectedcriticallyfortheirstyleofsuits.

D.Theyarepoliticallyrelevantbutdazzlinglycharismaticlooking.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.paysmoreonwomenpoliticiansthantheirmalecounterparts

B.setsthewomenpoliticiansanalternativestandardforfemalebeautyandworth

C.emphasizestheappearanceofthewomenpoliticianstodevaluatethem

D.isjustifiedtoputtheclothingchoicesofwomenpoliticiansonpreciousspace

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.dressingappropriatelyofwomenpoliticianswouldnotbeworthyofcommentanymore

B.wehavethedefinitionofwhatSen.Clintonwears,andthatshouldbe.endofherstyleanalysis

C.nodistractionwouldbeearnedforthosepoliticiansinuniform

D.womenpoliticianswouldliketomakechangesandinviteanalysis

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要是講對(duì)有權(quán)勢(shì)的女性穿著所出現(xiàn)的挑剔報(bào)道。選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.根據(jù)一二段的內(nèi)容可知,選項(xiàng)A,B,C在文中均有提及并且表述正確,只有選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤。

3.根據(jù)第三段的最后一句"Afterall,withrareexceptions,malepoliticiansareseldomscrutinizedfortheirchoiceofsuits."幾乎無(wú)一例外地,很少有人去細(xì)究男政治家們的服裝選擇。所以,選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.根據(jù)最后一段"Dinesworriesthatwhenthemediaemphasizetheappearanceofwomen,itperpetuatesattitudesinthelargerworldthatdevalueandlimitwomen."當(dāng)媒體強(qiáng)調(diào)女性的外貌時(shí),這會(huì)在更大范圍內(nèi)使貶低和限制女性的態(tài)度持久化。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞"Jamieson"定位到第六段第三句"Itunderscoreshercompetenceandisnotadistraction.Youtakeforgrantedthatitwouldnotbeworthyofcommentanymore."它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是她的能力而不是一種娛樂(lè)。你理所當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為這不再值得評(píng)論。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

8.單選題

Thestructureoftheglobaleconomy（）thatdevelopingnationsputalltheireffortsintoraisingcash—usuallybyexportingwhatevervirginresourcestheindustrialworldmightdesire.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dictates

B.regulates

C.allows

D.appeals

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。dictate“命令；要求”；regulate“調(diào)節(jié)”；allow“允許”；appeal“呼吁；上訴”；句意：全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的結(jié)構(gòu)……發(fā)展中國(guó)家把所有的努力都投入到籌集資金上——通常是通過(guò)出口工業(yè)世界可能需要的任何原始資源。與“thestructureoftheglobaleconomy”搭配的只能是dictate，表示“全球經(jīng)濟(jì)要求”因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Themanager（）factsandfigurestomakeitseemthatthecompanywasprosperous.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beguiled

B.besmirched

C.juxtaposed

D.juggled

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。beguile“欺騙”；besmirch“弄臟，誹謗”；juxtapose“并置，并列”；juggle“歪曲，篡改”。句意：經(jīng)理歪曲事實(shí)，并且篡改數(shù)據(jù)，使得公司看起來(lái)一片繁榮。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

10.單選題

Theinaugurationofthenewpresidentwillbeheldat8o'clock（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sharply

B.right

C.prompt

D.punctually

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析題。A:sharply“嚴(yán)厲地；鋒利地”；B:right“立刻”;C:prompt“迅速的；敏捷的”；D:punctually“準(zhǔn)時(shí)地”。句意：新總統(tǒng)的就職典禮將于8點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)時(shí)舉行。根據(jù)前文“在八點(diǎn)”得知表示時(shí)間的準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)，因此可知D為正確答案。

11.單選題

Largeanimalsthatinhabitthedeserthaveevolvedanumberofadaptationsforreducingtheeffectsofextremeheat.

Oneadaptationistobelightincolor,andtoreflectratherthanabsorbtheSun'srays.Desertmammalsalsodepartfromthenormalmammalianpracticeofmaintainingaconstantbodytemperature.Insteadoftryingtokeepdownthebodytemperaturedeepinsidethebody,whichwouldinvolvetheexpenditureofwaterandenergy,desertmammalsallowtheirtemperaturestorisetowhatwouldnormallybefeverheight,andtemperaturesashighas46degreesCelsiushavebeenmeasuredinGrant’sgazelles.Theoverheatedbodythencoolsdownduringthecolddesertnight,andindeedthetemperaturemayfallunusuallylowbydawn,aslowas34degreesCelsiusinthecamel.Thisisanadvantagesincetheheatofthefirstfewhoursofdaylightisabsorbedinwarmingupthebody,andanexcessivebuildupofheatdoesnotbeginuntilwellintotheday.

Anotherstrategyoflargedesertanimalsistotoleratethelossofbodywatertoapointthatwouldbefatalfornon-adaptedanimals.Thecamelcanloseupto30percentofitsbodyweightaswaterwithoutharmtoitself,whereashumanbeingsdieafterlosingonly12to13percentoftheirbodyweight.Anequallyimportantadaptationistheabilitytoreplenishthiswaterlossatonedrink.Desertanimalscandrinkprodigiousvolumesinashorttime,andcamelshavebeenknowntoimbibeover100litersinafewminutes.Averydehydratedperson,ontheotherhand,cannotdrinkenoughwatertorehydrateatonesession,becausethehumanstomachisnotsufficientlybigandbecauseatoorapiddilutionofthebodyfluidscausesdeathfromwaterintoxication.Thetoleranceofwaterlossisofobviousadvantageinthedesert,asanimalsdonothavetoremainnearawaterholebutcanobtainfoodfromgrazingsparseandfar-flungpastures.Desert-adaptedmammalshavethefurtherabilitytofeednormallywhenextremelydehydrated,itisacommonexperienceinpeoplethatappetiteislostevenunderconditionsofmoderatethirst.

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

2.TheauthorusesGrant'sgazelleasanexampleof（

）.

3.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutdesert-adaptedmammals?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Weathervariationsinthedesert

B.Adaptationsofdesertanimals

C.Diseasedofdesertanimals

D.Humanuseofdesertanimals

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.ananimalwithalowaveragetemperature

B.ananimalthatisnotaswelladaptedasthecamel

C.adesertanimalthatcanwithstandhighbodytemperatures

D.adesertanimalwithaconstantbodytemperature

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theydonotneedtoeatmuchfood

B.Theycaneatlargequantitiesquickly

C.Theyeasilylosetheirappetites

D.Theycantravellongdistanceslookingforfood

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段“Largeanimalsthatinhabitthedeserthaveevolvedanumberofadaptationsforreducingtheeffectsofextremeheat.生活在沙漠中的大型動(dòng)物己逐步形成了一些減少極度高溫影響的適應(yīng)方式”提出話題“生活在沙漠中動(dòng)物的適應(yīng)性”，之后的段落講述了“沙漠動(dòng)物的各種適應(yīng)，如沙漠動(dòng)物的毛是淺色的，這樣能去反射而不是吸收太陽(yáng)光、避免通過(guò)消耗水分和能量來(lái)保持身體恒溫等，并跟人類(lèi)進(jìn)行比較，來(lái)突出沙漠動(dòng)物的適應(yīng)性，”所以B選項(xiàng)“沙漠動(dòng)物的適應(yīng)性”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段中第三句“desertmammalsallowtheirtemperaturestorisetowhatwouldnormallybefeverheight,andtemperaturesashighas46degreesCelsiushavebeenmeasuredinGrant'sgazelles.沙漠中的哺乳類(lèi)動(dòng)物允許自己的體溫上升到通常是發(fā)燒的程度，高達(dá)46攝氏度的體溫已在格蘭特瞪羚被測(cè)出”。確定C選項(xiàng)“能經(jīng)受高體溫的一種沙漠動(dòng)物”正確。

3.推理判斷題。A選項(xiàng)“它們不需要吃太多的食物”和B項(xiàng)“它們能很快處大量的食物”在文中沒(méi)有提及，排除；由最后一段最后一句“Desert-adaptedmammalshavethefurtherabilitytofeednormallywhenextremelydehydrated,itisacommonexperienceinpeoplethatappetiteislostevenunderconditionsofmoderatethirst.適應(yīng)沙漠的哺乳類(lèi)動(dòng)物有在極度脫水時(shí)進(jìn)一步正常進(jìn)食的能力，而在人類(lèi)中一個(gè)常見(jiàn)的經(jīng)歷是甚至在中等口渴的情況下都沒(méi)有胃口”確定C選項(xiàng)“它們?nèi)菀资プ约旱奈缚凇卞e(cuò)誤；由最后一段中倒數(shù)第二句“Thetoleranceofwaterlossisofobviousadvantageinthedesert,asanimalsdonothavetoremainnearawaterholebutcanobtainfoodfromgrazingsparseandfar-flungpastures.對(duì)水分流失的容忍度在沙漠中是明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)，因?yàn)閯?dòng)物不需要去停留在水坑附近，而是能從啃食稀疏且遙遠(yuǎn)的草地來(lái)獲取食物”確定D選項(xiàng)“它們能行進(jìn)遠(yuǎn)的距離來(lái)尋找食物”正確。

12.單選題

Readthefollowingtwolettersofajournal’seditorialhouse.

LetterOneTo:Dr.ABBrown,

Editor,Journalof...

Re:ManuscriptNumber…

Title...

Authors…

DearDr.Brown,

Thepaperdescribes…Thisisatopicwhichwouldbenefitfromadditionalworksuchasthatdescribedinthemanuscript.However,amajorconcernwiththepaperistheinterpretationandreferencingoftheliteratureintheIntroductionandDiscussion.RelatedtothisisalackofintegrationwithpreviousworktoexplainaspectsoftheMethods.Thepaperneedsre-interpretationafterathoroughinvestigationoftheliterature.Irecommendthatthepaperinitscurrentformberejectedbutbelievethatitmaybesuitableforyourjournalaftermajorrevision.

Introduction

TheIntroductionhasincorrectlycited[Brownetal.(1981.)]whoactuallyshowedthat…

Methods

FactorsrelevanttothechoiceofMethodsare:1)howoldweretheculturesthatwereused?2)Doestheageoftheculturematerialaffecttheresults?

Results

ThemainclaimbytheauthorsthattheirResultsshowedthat…isnotcorrect.Theirstatementthattheresultsshow...needscorrection.

Discussion

RelevantreferencesseemtohavebeenoverlookedinboththeIntroductionandDiscussionsections,including…

Otherqueriesandsuggestionsarepenciledonthemanuscript.

Yourssincerely,CDSmith

LetterTwoFrom:Dr.ABBrown,

Editor,Journalof...

DearDr.Zhu,

Ienclosethereferees’reportsonyourpaperentitled...Therefereesagreethatthepapercontainsmuchgoodmaterial.However,theyhaverecommendedthatitneedsconsiderablerevisionbeforeitcanbepublished.Inparticular,Idrawtoyourattentionthefollowingcommentsbythereferees.

Referee1:

TheMethodssectiondoesnotgivesufficientinformation,particularlyaboutthesamplingmethodsused.

TheresultsinTables1and2arecloselyrelatedandcanbecombinedintoasingletable.

Theconclusionthatthereisastrongpositivecorrelationbetweenthenumberoforganismsandsoilsalinityneedsastrongerstatisticalbasis.

TheresultsinFigure3areverypreliminary—thisreallyrequiresanothersurvey.Ifthisisnotpossible,theFigureshouldbedeleted.

Referee2:

ThereareinadequaciesintheMethodssection,asindicatedonthetypescript

TheDiscussionisnotwellfocusedanddoesnotincludesomeimportantrelevantpublications,e.g.Jonesetal.(2000).‘...’intheJournalof...

Theconclusionisinterestingbutcanbegreatlystrengthened.Inparticular,thefindingsaredifferentfromthoseofWalteretal.(1997)intheJournalof…,astudydoneintheUSA.TheworkinyourpaperisinfactthefirststudyofitskindoutsideEuropeandNorthAmericaandthisshouldbehighlighted.

Thereareothercommentsintheenclosedreports,andsomecorrectionshavebeenmadetotheEnglishonthetypescripts.Ifyoucanrevisethepaperalongthelinessuggestedandresubmitby...thenIwillconsideritsacceptabilityforpublicationintheJournalwithoutfurtherreferencetoreferees.

However,additionalrefereeingmaybenecessary.

Ilookforwardtohearingfromyou.

Yourssincerely,ABBrown36.ByintegratingLetterTwo,wecanfigureoutthatthewriterofLetterOneis______.

37.AccordingtoLetterOne,willthesubmittedpaperbeaccepted?

38.TworefereesbothagreethattheMethodsSectionofthepaperis______.

39.DifferentfromReferee1,Referee2alsoaddressedsomepointstobehighlightedintheConclusionSectionlike______.

40.Afterfinishinguptherequiredrevisions,thesubmittedpaperwill______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Referee1

B.Referee2

C.Editor

D.Unclear

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.No.

B.Yes,withsomeminorrevision.

C.Yes,butinneedofconsiderablerevision.

D.No,suggestingtheauthortosubmittoanotherjournal.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.problematicwithinadequateinformation

B.well-written

C.overlydelicate

D.notwellfocused

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.“Inneedofstatisticalanalysestosupportthestrongpositivecorrelation”

B.“Elaboratinguponthispart”

C.“Beingmorefocused”

D.“Stressingitspioneeringinnon-Westerncountries”

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.undergoanotherroundofpeerreviewing

B.bedirectlyaccepted

C.stillpossiblyreceiveadditionalrefereeing

D.notmentionedintheletter

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】36.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

36.ByintegratingLetterTwo,wecanfigureoutthatthewriterofLetterOneis______.36.結(jié)合第二封信，我們可以得出第一封信的作者是______。

A.Referee1A.審稿人1

B.Referee2B.審稿人2

C.EditorC.編輯

D.UnclearD.不清楚

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一封信中的discussion部分提到的“在引言和討論部分，相關(guān)的參考文獻(xiàn)似乎都被忽略了”，以及第二封信對(duì)referee2的描述“討論的重點(diǎn)不明確，也沒(méi)有包括一些重要的相關(guān)出版物（relevantpublications）”，我們可以推測(cè)出第一封信的作者是referee2，因此該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合原文，屬于曲解原文。

37.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

37.AccordingtoLetterOne,willthesubmittedpaperbeaccepted?37.根據(jù)第一封信，提交的論文會(huì)被接受嗎？

A.No.A.不會(huì)。

B.Yes,withsomeminorrevision.B.是的，稍微修改了一下。

C.Yes,butinneedofconsiderablerevision.C.是的，但需要大量修改。

D.No,suggestingtheauthortosubmittoanotherjournal.D.不會(huì)，建議作者向其他雜志投稿。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】LetterOne中第一段最后一句提到“以目前的形式，我建議拒絕這篇論文（rejected），但相信經(jīng)過(guò)大量修改后，它可能適合您的期刊”，可知，提交的論文會(huì)被拒絕，而且需要大量修改。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、C選項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)中“建議作者向其他雜志投稿”沒(méi)提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。

38.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

38.TworefereesbothagreethattheMethodsSectionofthepaperis______.38.兩位審稿人都同意論文的方法部分是______。

A.problematicwithinadequateinformationA.信息不足的問(wèn)題

B.well-writtenB.寫(xiě)的很好

C.overlydelicateC.過(guò)于精細(xì)

D.notwellfocusedD.不是很關(guān)注

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)LetterTwo中兩位referee對(duì)方法部分的描述，referee1認(rèn)為“方法部分沒(méi)有提供足夠的信息（TheMethodssectiondoesnotgivesufficientinformation）”，referee2認(rèn)為“方法部分有不足之處（ThereareinadequaciesintheMethodssection）”；綜合理解可知，兩位審稿人都認(rèn)為論文方法部分信息不足，A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

C、D選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

39.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

39.DifferentfromReferee1,Referee2alsoaddressedsomepointstobehighlightedintheConclusionSectionlike______.39.與審稿人1不同的是，審稿人2也在結(jié)論部分強(qiáng)調(diào)了一些要點(diǎn)，如______。

A.“Inneedofstatisticalanalysestosupportthestrongpositivecorrelation”A.“需要統(tǒng)計(jì)分析來(lái)支持強(qiáng)烈的正相關(guān)”

B.“Elaboratinguponthispart”B.“闡述此部分”

C.“Beingmorefocused”C.“更關(guān)注”

D.“Stressingitspioneeringinnon-Westerncountries”D.“強(qiáng)調(diào)其在非西方國(guó)家的開(kāi)拓性”

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位LetterTwo中對(duì)referee2的描述，根據(jù)最后一句“你論文中的工作實(shí)際上是第一個(gè)在歐洲和北美以外（outsideEuropeandNorthAmerica）的同類(lèi)研究，這一點(diǎn)應(yīng)該得到強(qiáng)調(diào)（shouldbehighlighted）”，可知，審稿人2認(rèn)為應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)論文中的研究實(shí)際上是除歐洲和北美之外的關(guān)于這方面的第一個(gè)研究，D項(xiàng)與原文表達(dá)相同。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)均不符合原文，屬于曲解原文。

40.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

40.Afterfinishinguptherequiredrevisions,thesubmittedpaperwill______.40.完成要求的修改后，提交的論文將______。

A.undergoanotherroundofpeerreviewingA.接受另一輪同行評(píng)審

B.bedirectlyacceptedB.直接接受

C.stillpossiblyreceiveadditionalrefereeingC.還可能受到額外的審稿

D.notmentionedintheletterD.信中沒(méi)有提到

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)LetterTwo最后一句“但是，可能需要額外的審稿（additionalrefereeingmaybenecessary）”，可知，按照要求修改論文后可能還有其他的審稿程序，C項(xiàng)與原文表達(dá)相同。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)中的“同行評(píng)審”沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)也屬于反向干擾，文中提到了這一點(diǎn)。

13.單選題

Inmountainousregions,muchofthesnowthatfallsiscompactedintoice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.brokendown

B.embedded

C.compiled

D.compressed

【答案】D

【解析】句意：在山區(qū)，大部分降雪被壓成冰。compacted意為壓實(shí)，壓緊。brokendown打破，折斷；embedded嵌入，植入；compiled編輯；compressed壓緊，壓縮。選項(xiàng)D與之意思相近。

14.單選題

Numerousstudiesalreadylinkthefirstmealofthedaytobetterclassroom（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.performance

B.function

C.behavior

D.display

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。performance