考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣東水利電力職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣東水利電力職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Althoughrecentyearshaveseensubstantialreductionsinnoxiouspollutantsfromindividualmotorvehicles,thenumberofsuchvehicleshasbeensteadilyincreasingconsequently,morethan100citiesintheUnitedStatesstillhavelevelsofcarbonmonoxide,particulatematter,andozone(generatedbyphotochemicalreactionswithhydrocarbonsfromvehicleexhaust)thatexceedlegallyestablishedlimits.Thereisagrowingrealizationthattheonlyeffectivewaytoachievefurtherreductionsinvehicleemissions—shortofamassiveshiftawayfromtheprivateautomobile—istoreplaceconventionaldieselfuelandgasolinewithcleanerburningfuelssuchascompressednaturalgas,liquefiedpetroleumgasisethanol,ormethanol.

Allofthesealternativesarecarbon-basedfuelswhosemoleculesaresmallerandsimplerthanthoseofgasoline.Thesemoleculesbummorecleanlythangasoline,inpartbecausetheyhavefewer,ifany,carbon-carbonbonds,andthehydrocarbonstheydoemitarelesslikelytogenerateozone.Thecombustionoflargermolecules,whichhavemultiplecarbon-carbonbonds,involvesamorecomplexseriesofreactions.Thesereactionsincreasetheprobabilityofincompletecombustionandaremorelikelytoreleaseuncombustedandphotochemicallyactivehydrocarboncompoundsintotheatmosphere.Ontheotherhand,alternativefuelsdohavedrawbacks.Compressednaturalgaswouldrequirethatvehicleshaveasetofheavyfueltanks—aseriousliabilityintermsofperformanceandfuelefficiency—andliquefiedpetroleumgasfacesfundamentallimitsonsupply.

Ethanolandmethanol,ontheotherhand,haveimportantadvantagesoverothercarbon-basedalternativefuels:theyhaveahigherenergycontentpervolumeandwouldrequireminimalchangesintheexistingnetworkfordistributingmotorfuel.Ethanoliscommonlyusedasagasolinesupplement,butitiscurrentlyabouttwiceasexpensiveasmethanol,thelowcostofwhichisoneofitsattractivefeatures.Methanol’smostattractivefeature,however,isthatitcanreducebyabout90percentthevehicleemissionsthatfromozone,themostseriousurbanpollutant.

Likeanyalternativefuel,methanolhasitscritics.Yetmuchofthecriticismisbasedontheuseof“gasolineclone”vehiclesthatdonotincorporateeventhesimplestdesignimprovementsthataremadepossiblewiththeuseofmethanol.Itistrue,forexample,thatagivenvolumeofmethanolprovidesonlyaboutone-halfoftheenergythatgasolineanddieselfueldo;otherthingsbeingequal,thefueltankwouldhavetobesomewhatlargerandheavier.However,sincemethanol-fueledvehiclescouldbedesignedtobemuchmoreefficientthan“gasolineclone”vehiclesfueledwithmethanol,theywouldneedcomparativelyless-fuel.Vehicles—incorporatingonlythesimplestoftheengineimprovementsthatmethanolmakesfeasiblewouldstillcontributetoanimmediatelesseningofurbanairpollution.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,incompletecombustionismorelikelytooccurwithgasolinethanwithanalternativefuelbecause________.

3.Theauthordescribeswhichofthefollowingasthemostappealingfeatureofmethanol?

4.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorofthepassagemostlikelyregardsthecriticismofmethanolinthelastparagraphas________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reconcilingcontradictorypointsofviewaboutthenatureofaproblem

B.identifyingthestrengthsofpossiblesolutionstoaproblem

C.discussingaproblemandarguinginfavorofonesolutiontoit

D.outliningaplanofactiontosolveaproblemanddiscussingtheobstaclesblockingthatplan

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.combustionofgasolineinvolvesanintricateseriesofreactions

B.thecombustionofgasolinereleasesphotochemicallyactivehydrocarbons

C.gasolinemoleculeshaveasimplemolecularstructure

D.gasolineiscomposedofsmallmolecules

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itissubstantiallylessexpensivethanethanol.

B.ithasahigherenergycontentthanotheralternativefuels.

C.Itsusewouldmakedesignimprovementsinindividualvehiclesfeasible.

D.Itsusewouldsubstantiallyreduceozonelevels.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.flawedbecauseoftheassumptionsonwhichitisbased

B.inapplicablebecauseofaninconsistencyinthecritics’arguments

C.misguidedbecauseofitsexclusivelytechnologicalfocus

D.inaccuratebecauseitignoresconsumers’concerns

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith________.本文作者主要關(guān)注的是________。

A.reconcilingcontradictorypointsofviewaboutthenatureofaproblemA.調(diào)和關(guān)于問(wèn)題本質(zhì)的矛盾觀點(diǎn)

B.identifyingthestrengthsofpossiblesolutionstoaproblemB.確定問(wèn)題解決方案的優(yōu)點(diǎn)

C.discussingaproblemandarguinginfavorofonesolutiontoitC.討論某個(gè)問(wèn)題并提出解決方案

D.outliningaplanofactiontosolveaproblemanddiscussingtheobstaclesblockingthatplanD.列出解決問(wèn)題的行動(dòng)計(jì)劃，并討論阻礙該計(jì)劃的障礙

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】第一段提出人們?nèi)找嬲J(rèn)識(shí)到減輕汽車(chē)對(duì)環(huán)境的污染（reductionsinvehicleemissions），唯一有效的方法是把傳統(tǒng)燃料換成清潔燃料（replaceconventionaldieselfuelandgasolinewithcleanerburningfuels）；第二段總體對(duì)比了傳統(tǒng)燃料和清潔燃料的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)；第三段講了甲醇和乙醇的優(yōu)勢(shì)（Ethanolandmethanol...haveimportantadvantages）；第四段通過(guò)反駁甲醛批評(píng)者，來(lái)說(shuō)明甲醛的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。綜上所述，作者提出了使用清潔能源來(lái)解決車(chē)輛對(duì)環(huán)境的污染問(wèn)題，并且通過(guò)各個(gè)角度闡述其優(yōu)點(diǎn)，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“調(diào)和關(guān)于問(wèn)題本質(zhì)的矛盾觀點(diǎn)”：文中沒(méi)有提到問(wèn)題本質(zhì)的矛盾觀點(diǎn)，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“討論某個(gè)問(wèn)題并提出解決方案”：這是第一段的內(nèi)容，后文是在講述解決方案的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，不足以概括全文，屬于以偏概全；

D選項(xiàng)“列出解決問(wèn)題的行動(dòng)計(jì)劃，并討論阻礙該計(jì)劃的障礙”：文中沒(méi)有列出一步一步的行動(dòng)計(jì)劃，以及該計(jì)劃的阻礙，屬于無(wú)中生有。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,incompletecombustionismorelikelytooccurwithgasolinethanwithanalternativefuelbecause________.根據(jù)文章，與替代燃料相比，汽油更容易不完全燃燒，原因是________。

A.combustionofgasolineinvolvesanintricateseriesofreactionsA.油的燃燒涉及一系列復(fù)雜的反應(yīng)

B.thecombustionofgasolinereleasesphotochemicallyactivehydrocarbonsB.油燃燒釋放出光化學(xué)活性碳?xì)浠衔?/p>

C.gasolinemoleculeshaveasimplemolecularstructureC.油分子的分子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單

D.gasolineiscomposedofsmallmoleculesD.油由小分子組成

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞incompletecombustion定位到第二段第三、四句，該處講到“有多個(gè)碳碳雙鍵的大分子燃燒涉及更復(fù)雜的一系列反應(yīng)（complexseriesofreactions）。這些反應(yīng)增加了不完全燃燒的可能性（Thesereactionsincreasetheprobabilityofincompletecombustion）?！?，可知汽油不容易完全燃燒的原因是涉及一系列復(fù)雜的反應(yīng)，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“油燃燒釋放出光化學(xué)活性碳?xì)浠衔铩保簩?duì)應(yīng)第二段第四句“這些反應(yīng)增加了不完全燃燒的可能性，并且更有可能（andaremorelikely）將未燃燒的和光化學(xué)活性碳?xì)浠衔镝尫诺酱髿庵小！?，本選項(xiàng)說(shuō)的是汽油不完全燃燒導(dǎo)致的后果，而不是原因，屬于本末倒置；

C選項(xiàng)“油分子的分子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單”：對(duì)應(yīng)第二段第一句“所有這些替代品都是碳基燃料（carbon-basedfuels），它們的分子比汽油的更小、更簡(jiǎn)單（simplerthanthoseofgasoline）?！?，可知分子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單的是汽油替代燃料，而不是汽油，屬于張冠李戴；

D選項(xiàng)“油由小分子組成”：對(duì)應(yīng)第二段第一句“所有這些替代品都是碳基燃料（carbon-basedfuels），它們的分子比汽油的更小、更簡(jiǎn)單（smallerandsimplerthanthoseofgasoline）?！保芍肿有〉氖瞧吞娲剂?，而不是汽油，屬于張冠李戴。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theauthordescribeswhichofthefollowingasthemostappealingfeatureofmethanol?作者描述以下哪項(xiàng)是甲醇最吸引人的特性？

A.Itissubstantiallylessexpensivethanethanol.A.比乙醇便宜得多。

B.ithasahigherenergycontentthanotheralternativefuels.B.比其他替代燃料能量含量更高。

C.Itsusewouldmakedesignimprovementsinindividualvehiclesfeasible.C.其使用將使改進(jìn)個(gè)別車(chē)輛設(shè)計(jì)成為可能。

D.Itsusewouldsubstantiallyreduceozonelevels.D.其使用將大大降低臭氧水平。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞mostappealingfeature定位到第三段最后一句，該處講到“甲醇最吸引人的特點(diǎn)（Methanol’smostattractivefeature）是，它可以減少約90%的車(chē)輛臭氧排放（reducebyabout90percentthevehicleemissionsthatfromozone）。”，可知甲醇最吸引人的是可以降低臭氧排放，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“比乙醇便宜得多”：對(duì)應(yīng)第三段第二句“甲醇的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠（lowcost）是其吸引人的特點(diǎn)之一（oneofitsattractivefeatures）”，可知便宜是吸引人的特點(diǎn)之一，而不是最吸引人的特點(diǎn)，屬于本末倒置；

B選項(xiàng)“比其他替代燃料能量含量更高”：對(duì)應(yīng)第三段第一句“乙醇和甲醇相對(duì)于其他碳基替代燃料有重要的優(yōu)勢(shì)（importantadvantages），它們的單位體積能量含量更高（higherenergycontentpervolume）?！保芰亢扛呤羌状嫉膬?yōu)點(diǎn)，但不是最突出的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，屬于本末倒置；

C選項(xiàng)“其使用將使改進(jìn)個(gè)別車(chē)輛設(shè)計(jì)成為可能”：對(duì)應(yīng)第三段第一句“乙醇和甲醇相對(duì)于其他碳基替代燃料有重要的優(yōu)勢(shì)（importantadvantages），它們對(duì)現(xiàn)有的汽車(chē)燃料分配網(wǎng)絡(luò)改變很小（minimalchanges）?！?，文中指的是使用甲醇對(duì)現(xiàn)有車(chē)輛設(shè)計(jì)的影響很小，不是針對(duì)個(gè)別車(chē)輛，也不是需要更多改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)，屬于偷換概念。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorofthepassagemostlikelyregardsthecriticismofmethanolinthelastparagraphas________.可以推斷，文章的作者最有可能認(rèn)為最后一段對(duì)甲醇的批評(píng)________。

A.flawedbecauseoftheassumptionsonwhichitisbasedA.有缺陷，因其假設(shè)前提

B.inapplicablebecauseofaninconsistencyinthecritics’argumentsB.不可采納，因?yàn)榕u(píng)者論點(diǎn)不一

C.misguidedbecauseofitsexclusivelytechnologicalfocusC.有誤導(dǎo)性，因?yàn)橹魂P(guān)注技術(shù)

D.inaccuratebecauseitignoresconsumers’concernsD.不準(zhǔn)確，因?yàn)闆](méi)有考慮到消費(fèi)者的擔(dān)憂

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中出處提示詞定位到最后一段，第二句講到“然而，許多對(duì)甲醇的批評(píng)是基于‘汽油克隆’汽車(chē)，這種汽車(chē)即便是在最簡(jiǎn)單的設(shè)計(jì)上的改進(jìn)，也無(wú)法與甲醇的使用相結(jié)合。”，可知作者認(rèn)為批評(píng)者觀點(diǎn)的立足點(diǎn)站不住腳，立足點(diǎn)也就是“汽油克隆”汽車(chē)的這個(gè)假設(shè)，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“不可采納，因?yàn)榕u(píng)者論點(diǎn)不一”：文中只提到一種觀點(diǎn)，屬于曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)“有誤導(dǎo)性，因?yàn)橹魂P(guān)注技術(shù)”：作者沒(méi)有認(rèn)為批評(píng)者只關(guān)注技術(shù)，并且觀點(diǎn)有誤導(dǎo)性，屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“不準(zhǔn)確，因?yàn)闆](méi)有考慮到消費(fèi)者的擔(dān)憂”：這里沒(méi)有提到消費(fèi)者，屬于無(wú)中生有。

2.問(wèn)答題

DemographicindicatorsshowthatAmericansinthepostwarperiodweremoreeagerthanevertoestablish

families.Theyquicklybroughtdowntheageatmarriageforbothmenandwomen

A

andbroughtthebirthratetoatwentiethcenturyheightaftermorethanahundredyearsofsteady

B

C

decline,producingthe"babyboom."

D

【答案】試題答案：B;high

【解析】考查形容詞。此處表示他們把男女的婚齡降了下來(lái)，使出生率達(dá)到了20世紀(jì)的高峰。height是名詞，一般表示“高度”；high是形容詞，一般表示“很高的”，修飾名詞。

3.單選題

Onlynative-borncitizensare（）fortheU.S.Presidency.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.eligible

B.elegant

C.legitimate

D.liable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)eligible“有資格的”；B選項(xiàng)elegant“優(yōu)雅的”；C選項(xiàng)legitimate“合法的；合理的”；D選項(xiàng)liable“有責(zé)任的”。句意：只有本國(guó)出生的公民才……成為美國(guó)總統(tǒng)。成為美國(guó)總統(tǒng)的前提條件是Onlynative-borncitizens“只有本國(guó)出生的公民”，意味著非美國(guó)出生的公民是沒(méi)資格任職。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Thenewsthatthecompanyisbeingtakenoverbyforeigninvestorshasseverely（）thestockmarkets.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.vibrated

B.swung

C.trembled

D.jolted

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。vibrate“使震動(dòng)，使搖擺”，指急速地連續(xù)震動(dòng)，也指鐘擺等來(lái)回?cái)[動(dòng)；swing“使搖擺，使旋轉(zhuǎn)”；tremble“發(fā)抖，顫動(dòng)”；jolt“使震驚，使顛簸”。句意：公司被國(guó)外投資者接管的消息深深震驚了股市。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.單選題

Slaughteranddestructionareterriblerealitiesofwar.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.slab

B.massivekilling

C.slight

D.dimension

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)slab“厚板，平板；混凝土路面；厚片”；B選項(xiàng)massivekilling“大規(guī)模的殺戮”；C選項(xiàng)slight“怠慢；輕蔑”；D選項(xiàng)dimension“方面；[數(shù)]維；尺寸；次元；容積”。句意：屠殺和破壞是可怕的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)現(xiàn)實(shí)。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞slaughter“屠宰；大屠殺；（非正式）徹底擊敗”，得知B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.翻譯題

A:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.

1.Bothresearchandpracticalexperiencehaveshownthatare（）（均衡的飲食對(duì)健康是必不可少的）。

2.Hedesignedthefirstsuspensionbridge,which（）（把美觀和功能完美地結(jié)合起來(lái)）。

3.我們必須培養(yǎng)分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題的能力。

4.認(rèn)識(shí)落后，才能改變落后。學(xué)習(xí)先進(jìn)，才有可能趕超先進(jìn)。

5.一個(gè)不怕困難、百折不撓、堅(jiān)持到底的科學(xué)工作者一定會(huì)在科研工作中取得光輝的成就。

【答案】1.Bothresearchandpracticalexperiencehaveshownthatarebalanceddietsareessentialtogoodhealth.

2.Hedesignedthefirstsuspensionbridge,whichcombinesbeautywithfunctionperfectly.

3.Wemustdeveloptheabilitytoanalyzeandsolveproblems.

4.Onlybyunderstandingbackwardnesscanwechangebackwardness.Learningadvancedmakesitpossibletocatchupwithandsurpasstheadvanced.

5.Ascientificworkerwhoisnotafraidofdifficulties,perseveringinspiteofsetbacksandperseveringtotheendwillsurelyachievebrilliantachievementsinhisscientificresearchwork.

7.單選題

Idon’tthinkJohnsonwillsucceedinhisnewjob,forheisnot（）todothattypeofwork.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.compatible

B.convenient

C.consistent

D.competent

【答案】C

【解析】形近詞辨析。compatible兼容的；convenient方便的；consistent始終如一的，堅(jiān)持的；competent勝任的；有能力的。句意：我認(rèn)為約翰遜不能勝任他的新工作，因?yàn)樗麤](méi)有一直堅(jiān)持做那種類型的工作。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

試題答案C

8.單選題

Thenutritionofacommon-wealth（）theplenty,anddistributionofmaterialsconducingtolife.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.consistsof

B.consistsin

C.isconsistentwith

D.iscomposedof

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。consistsof“由......組成”；consistsin“存在于......”；isconsistentwith“與......一致”；iscomposedof“由......組成”。句意：共同財(cái)富的好處在于有益于生活的物質(zhì)的豐富性和物質(zhì)分配。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

9.單選題

RadiostationsareproliferatingovertheInternet,somoreandmoreAmericanscanlistentohometownstations—eveniftheyliveinNomeorInMiami.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.roaming

B.transmitting

C.increasing

D.broadcasting

【答案】C

【解析】句意：無(wú)線電臺(tái)在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上激增，因此越來(lái)越多的美國(guó)人可以收聽(tīng)家鄉(xiāng)電臺(tái)的節(jié)目——即使他們住在諾姆或邁阿密。proliferating意為“激增，大量生存產(chǎn)”。roaming漫步，閑逛；transmitting傳送，傳遞；increasing增加，增大；broadcasting廣播。選項(xiàng)C與之意思相近。

10.單選題

Thetestofanydemocraticsocietyliesnotinhowwellitcancontrolexpressionbutinwhetheritgivesfreedomofthoughtandexpressionthewidestpossible（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.altitude

B.latitude

C.longitude

D.multitude

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)altitude“高地；高度；海拔”；B選項(xiàng)latitude“緯度；行動(dòng)自由”；C選項(xiàng)longitude“經(jīng)度；經(jīng)線”；D選項(xiàng)multitude“群眾；多數(shù)”。句意：對(duì)任何一個(gè)民主社會(huì)的考驗(yàn)不在于它能夠多有效地控制各種意見(jiàn)的表達(dá)，而在于這個(gè)社會(huì)是否給予思考和表達(dá)的盡可能廣泛的自由。由題干中“freedomofthoughtandexpression思想和表達(dá)自由”的提示可知“行動(dòng)自由”符合語(yǔ)境，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Ironically,intheUnitedStates,acountryofimmigrants,prejudiceanddiscriminationcontinuetobeseriousproblems.TheyareapartofAmericanhistory;however,thisprejudicialtreatmentofdifferentgroupsisnowheremoreunjustthanwithblackAmericans.

Blackshaddistinctdisadvantages.Forthemostpart,theycametothe‘‘landofopportunity”asslavesandtheywerenotfreetokeeptheirheritageandculturaltraditions.UnlikemostEuropeanimmigrants,blacksdidnothavetheprotectionofasupportgroup;sometimesslaveownersseparatedmembersofthesamefamily.

Theycouldnotmixeasilywiththeestablishedsocietyeitherbecauseoftheirskincolor.ItwasdifficultforthemtoadapttotheAmericanculture.Evenaftertheybecamefreepeople,theystillexperienceddiscriminationinemployment,housing,education,andeveninpublicfacilities,suchasrestroom.

Untilthetwentiethcentury,themajorityoftheblackpopulationlivedinthesouthernpartoftheUnitedStates.ThentherewasapopulationshifttothelargecitiesintheNorth.PrejudiceagainstblacksisoftenassociatedwiththeSouth.Slaverywasmorecommonthereanddiscriminationwasusuallyeasiertosee.

Inthe1950sand1960s,blacksfoughttogainfairtreatment,andtheynowhavelegalprotectioninhousing,education,andemployment.Becausetheirneighborhoodsaresegregated(隔離),manyblacksfeelthateducationalopportunitiesarenotadequatefortheirchildren.Busingchildrenfromoneneighborhoodtoanotherisonesolutiontoinequalityineducation.Naturally,allparentswantthebestpossibleeducationfortheirchildren.

Thesituationofblacksisbettertodaythanitwasinthe1950s,butracialtensionpersists.Timewillbetherealsolutiontotheproblemofrace.

17.PrejudiceanddiscriminationintheUnitedStates____.

18.OneofthereasonswhyblackAmericanscouldnoteasilymixinAmericansocietyis____.

19.Theauthorspecificallymentionsthat____.

20.Theattitudeoftheauthoris____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.werecompletelyeradicated

B.aremainlycausedbytheslavery

C.havebeenexistinginthesociety

D.don’texcludenewimmigrants

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.duetotheirskincolor

B.thatmostAmericansareimmigrants

C.thattheywerefreetokeeptheirheritage

D.thattheyspeaktheirlanguagedifferentlyfromAmericans

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.blackAmericansaremostunfairlytreatedintheU.S.

B.discriminationintheSouthwasnotmoreobviousthanintheNorth

C.thesituationofblacksisalmostthesametodayasitwasinthe1950s

D.afterblacksbecamefreepeopletheydidn’texperiencediscriminationinemploymentandpublicfacilities

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.favorable

B.sarcastic

C.indifferent

D.praising

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】17.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

PrejudiceanddiscriminationintheUnitedStates____.美國(guó)的偏見(jiàn)和歧視____。

A.werecompletelyeradicatedA.被完全根除了

B.aremainlycausedbytheslaveryB.主要是由奴隸制造成的

C.havebeenexistinginthesocietyC.一直存在于社會(huì)中

D.don’texcludenewimmigrantsD.不排除新移民

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Prejudiceanddiscrimination和theUnitedStates定位到原文第一段第一句，該句提到“諷刺的是，在美國(guó)這個(gè)移民國(guó)家，偏見(jiàn)和歧視仍然是嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題（continuetobeseriousproblems）?！庇纱丝芍诿绹?guó)，偏見(jiàn)和歧視一直存在，C選項(xiàng)“一直存在于社會(huì)中”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“被完全根除了”，原文提到“一直存在”，并沒(méi)有被根除，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“主要是由奴隸制造成的”，可定位到原文第三段第三句，該句提到“即使在他們成為自由人（becamefreepeople）之后，他們?nèi)匀辉诰蜆I(yè)、住房、教育，甚至在公共設(shè)施，如廁所中遭受歧視（stillexperienceddiscrimination）。”由此可知，黑人奴隸在恢復(fù)自由之后仍然受到歧視，所以，奴隸制并不是造成美國(guó)偏見(jiàn)和歧視的主要原因，該選項(xiàng)不符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“不排除新移民”，原文沒(méi)有提到新移民的問(wèn)題，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

18.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

OneofthereasonswhyblackAmericanscouldnoteasilymixinAmericansocietyis____.美國(guó)黑人難以融入美國(guó)社會(huì)的原因之一是____。

A.duetotheirskincolorA.因?yàn)樗麄兊哪w色

B.thatmostAmericansareimmigrantsB.大多數(shù)美國(guó)人是移民

C.thattheywerefreetokeeptheirheritageC.他們可以自由地保留他們的遺產(chǎn)

D.thattheyspeaktheirlanguagedifferentlyfromAmericansD.他們說(shuō)他們的語(yǔ)言和美國(guó)人不同

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞blackAmericanscouldnoteasilymixinAmericansociety定位到原文第三段第一句，該句提到“膚色（becauseoftheirskincolor）也是他們不能輕易融入（couldnotmixeasilywith）美國(guó)社會(huì)的原因”，由此可知，A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄兊哪w色”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)美國(guó)人是移民”，原文第一段第一句提到“諷刺的是（Ironically），在美國(guó)這個(gè)移民國(guó)家，偏見(jiàn)和歧視仍然是嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。”由此可知，按照常理，美國(guó)作為一個(gè)移民國(guó)家，應(yīng)該不存在偏見(jiàn)和歧視，所以，當(dāng)這些問(wèn)題存在的時(shí)候，才會(huì)覺(jué)得諷刺。那么，大多數(shù)美國(guó)人是移民，美國(guó)黑人本應(yīng)該更容易融入美國(guó)社會(huì)，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“他們可以自由地保留他們的遺產(chǎn)”，可定位到原文第二段，本段第一、二句提到“黑人有明顯的劣勢(shì)（distinctdisadvantages）。在大多數(shù)情況下，他們無(wú)法自由地保留自己的遺產(chǎn)和文化傳統(tǒng)（notfreetokeeptheirheritageandculturaltraditions）。”由此可知，該選項(xiàng)表述不符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“他們說(shuō)的語(yǔ)言和美國(guó)人不同”，原文并沒(méi)有提到語(yǔ)言問(wèn)題，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

19.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theauthorspecificallymentionsthat____.作者特別提到____。

A.blackAmericansaremostunfairlytreatedintheU.S.A.美國(guó)黑人在美國(guó)遭受的待遇最不公平

B.discriminationintheSouthwasnotmoreobviousthanintheNorthB.在南方的歧視并不比在北方更明顯

C.thesituationofblacksisalmostthesametodayasitwasinthe1950sC.今天黑人的處境幾乎和20世紀(jì)50年代一樣

D.afterblacksbecamefreepeopletheydidn’texperiencediscriminationinemploymentandpublicfacilitiesD.黑人成為自由人后，他們?cè)诰蜆I(yè)和公共設(shè)施方面沒(méi)有受到歧視

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】原文第一段最后一句提到“然而，這種對(duì)不同群體的偏見(jiàn)對(duì)待，最不公平的莫過(guò)于美國(guó)黑人（nowheremoreunjustthanwithblackAmericans）”，由此可知，作者特別提到“美國(guó)黑人遭受的偏見(jiàn)和歧視最嚴(yán)重”，后文的段落都是圍繞這一點(diǎn)展開(kāi)的，因此A選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)黑人在美國(guó)遭受的待遇最不公平”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“在南方的歧視并不比在北方更明顯”，可定位到原文第四段最后兩句，這兩句提到“人們常常把對(duì)黑人的偏見(jiàn)與南方聯(lián)系在一起（oftenassociatedwiththeSouth）。奴隸制度在那里更普遍，歧視也更容易看到（discriminationwasusuallyeasiertosee）?！庇纱丝芍诿绹?guó)南方存在更明顯的歧視，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“今天黑人的處境幾乎和20世紀(jì)50年代一樣”，可定位到原文最后一段第一句，該句提到“今天黑人的處境比20世紀(jì)50年代要好（better）?！庇纱丝芍撨x項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“黑人成為自由人后，他們?cè)诰蜆I(yè)和公共設(shè)施方面沒(méi)有受到歧視”，可定位到原文第三段第三句，該句提到“即使在他們成為自由人（becamefreepeople）之后，他們?nèi)匀辉诰蜆I(yè)（employment）、住房、教育，甚至在公共設(shè)施（publicfacilities），如廁所中遭受歧視（stillexperienceddiscrimination）?！庇纱丝芍谌顺蔀樽杂扇撕?，他們?cè)诰蜆I(yè)和公共設(shè)施方面仍然受到歧視，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于反向干擾。

20.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theattitudeoftheauthoris____.作者的態(tài)度是____。

A.favorableA.支持

B.sarcasticB.諷刺

C.indifferentC.冷漠

D.praisingD.贊賞

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題

【解題思路】本題詢問(wèn)的是作者的態(tài)度。原文開(kāi)篇就提到“諷刺的是（Ironically），在美國(guó)這個(gè)移民國(guó)家，偏見(jiàn)和歧視仍然是嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題?！弊詈笠欢翁岬健敖裉旌谌说奶幘潮?0世紀(jì)50年代要好，但種族關(guān)系仍然緊張。時(shí)間將是種族問(wèn)題的真正解決方案?！庇纱丝芍髡哒J(rèn)為，美國(guó)社會(huì)種族歧視問(wèn)題是不應(yīng)該存在的。綜上所述，B選項(xiàng)“諷刺”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“支持”，與作者的態(tài)度相反，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“冷漠”，作者專門(mén)寫(xiě)了文章來(lái)說(shuō)這件事，不會(huì)是漠不關(guān)心的態(tài)度，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“贊賞”，與作者的態(tài)度相反，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

12.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.

Thestrategicnatureofthethreatnowposedbyhumancivilizationtotheglobalenvironmentandthestrategicnatureofthethreattohumancivilizationnowposedbychangesintheglobalenvironmentpresentuswithasimilarsetofchallengesandfalsehopes.Somearguethatanewultimatetechnology,whethernuclearpowerorgeneticengineering,willsolvetheproblem.Othersholdthatonlyadrasticreductionofourrelianceontechnologycanimprovetheconditionsoflife——asimplisticnotionatbestButtherealsolutionwillbefoundinreinventingandfinallyhealingtherelationshipbetweencivilizationandtheearth.Thiscanonlybeaccomplishedbyundertakingacarefulreassessmentofallthefactorsthatledtotherelativelyrecentdramaticchangeintherelationship.Thetransformationofthewaywerelatetotheearthwillofcourseinvolvenewtechnologies,butthekeychangeswillinvolvenewwaysofthinkingabouttherelationshipitself.

【答案】當(dāng)前，人類文明對(duì)全球環(huán)境造成的威脅的戰(zhàn)略實(shí)質(zhì)和全球環(huán)境的變化對(duì)人類文明造成的威脅的戰(zhàn)略實(shí)質(zhì)向我們提出了一系列相似的挑戰(zhàn)，同時(shí)也使我們產(chǎn)生了一些自欺欺人的期望。有人認(rèn)為有了某種嶄新的終極技術(shù),無(wú)論是核能還是基因工程,就可以解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。還有人則認(rèn)為只有大力減少我們對(duì)技術(shù)的依賴才能改善人類的生存環(huán)境——這種看法充其量是一種簡(jiǎn)化的看法。然而，真正的解決辦法將在徹底改變和最終修復(fù)文明與地球間的關(guān)系中被找到。要完成這一點(diǎn)，只有通過(guò)重新仔細(xì)估量導(dǎo)致這種關(guān)系在較近時(shí)期內(nèi)發(fā)生的劇烈變化的所有各種因素才行。改變我們與地球的關(guān)系的途徑當(dāng)然會(huì)涉及到新技術(shù)的發(fā)明和應(yīng)用，但是關(guān)鍵的改變將與思考這種關(guān)系本身的新方式有關(guān)。

13.單選題

Whatmightdrivingonanautomatedhighwaybelike?Theanswerdependsonwhatkindofsystemisultimatelyadopted.Twodistincttypesareonthedrawingboard.Thefirstisaspecial-purposelanesystem,inwhichcertainlanesarereservedforautomatedvehicles.Thesecondisamixedtrafficsystem;fullyautomatedvehicleswouldsharetheroadwithpartiallyautomatedormanuallydrivencars.Aspecial-purposelanesystemwouldrequiremoreextensivephysicalmodificationstoexistinghighways,butitpromisesthegreatestgainsinfreewaycapacity.

Undereitherscheme,thedriverwouldspecifythedesireddestination,furnishingthisinformationtoacomputerinthecaratthebeginningofthetriporperhapsjustbeforereachingtheautomatedhighway.Ifamixedtrafficsystemwasinplace,automateddrivingcouldbeginwheneverthedriverwasonsuitablyequippedroads.Ifspecial-purposelaneswereavailable,thecarcouldenterthemandjoinexistingtrafficintwodifferentways.Onemethodwoulduseaspecialonramp（入口引道）.Asthedriverapproachedthepointofentryforthehighway,devicesinstalledontheroadsidewouldelectronicallycheckthevehicletodetermineitsdestinationandtoascertainthatithadtheproperautomationequipmentingoodworkingorder.Assumingitpassedsuchtests,thedriverwouldthenbeguidedthroughagateandtowardanautomatedlane.Inthiscase,thetransitionfrommanualtoautomatedcontrolwouldbesharedbyautomatedandregularvehicles.Thedriverwouldsteerontothehighwayandmoveinnormalfashiontoa“transition”lane.Thevehiclewouldthenshiftundercomputercontrolontoalanereservedforautomatedtraffic.Thelimitationoftheselanestoautomatedtrafficwould,presumably,bewellrespectedbecausealltrespasserscouldbeswiftlyidentifiedbyauthorities.

Eitherapproachtojoining,alaneofautomatedtrafficwouldharmonizethemovementofnewlyenteringvehicleswiththosealreadytraveling.Automaticcontrolhereshouldallowforsmoothmerging,withouttheusualuncertaintiesandpotentialforaccidents.Andonceavehiclehadsettledintoautomatedtravel,thedriverwouldbefreetoreleasethewheel,openthemorningpaperorjustrelax.

1.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthattwosystemsautomatedhighways（

）.

2.Aspecial-purposelanesystemisprobablyadvantageousinthat（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutdrivingonanautomatedhighway?

4.Weknowfromthepassagethatacarcanenteraspecial-purposelane（

）.

5.Whendrivinginanautomatedlane,thedriver（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.arebeingplanned

B.arebeingmodified

C.arenowinwideuse

D.areunderconstruction

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itwouldrequireonlyminorchangestoexistinghighways

B.itwouldachievethegreatesthighwaytrafficefficiency

C.ithasalaneforbothautomatedandpartiallyautomatedvehicles

D.itoffersmorelanesforautomatedvehicles

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Vehiclestravelingonitareassigneddifferentlanesaccordingtotheirdestinations.

B.Acarcanjoinexistingtrafficanytimeinamixedlanesystem.

C.Thedrivershouldinformhiscarcomputerofhisdestinationbeforedrivingontoit.

D.Thedrivershouldsharetheautomatedlanewiththoseofregularvehicles.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.bysmoothlymergingwithcarsontheconventionallane

B.bywayofarampwithelectroniccontroldevices

C.throughaspeciallyguardedgate

D.afteralltrespassersareidentifiedandremoved

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.shouldharmonizewithnewlyenteringcars

B.doesn’thavetorelyonhiscomputersystem

C.shouldwatchoutforpotentialaccidents

D.doesn’thavetoholdontothesteeringwheel

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段“Twodistincttypesareonthedrawingboard兩種不同的類型正處于設(shè)計(jì)階段。”可知A項(xiàng)“正在被計(jì)劃中”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段“Aspecial-purposelanesystemwouldrequiremoreextensivephysicalmodificationstoexistinghighways,butitpromisesthegreatestgainsinfreewaycapacity.一個(gè)特殊用途的車(chē)道系統(tǒng)需要對(duì)現(xiàn)有的高速公路進(jìn)行更廣泛的物理改造，但它有望最大限度地提高高速公路的通行能力。”可知特殊用途的車(chē)道系統(tǒng)能給高速公路系統(tǒng)帶來(lái)便利。故B項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第二段“Undereitherscheme,thedriverwouldspecifythedesireddestination,furnishingthisinformationtoacomputerinthecaratthebeginningofthetriporperhapsjustbeforereachingtheautomatedhighway.在這兩種方案中，司機(jī)將指定想要到達(dá)的目的地，并在旅程開(kāi)始時(shí)或在到達(dá)自動(dòng)高速公路之前將這些信息提供給車(chē)內(nèi)的計(jì)算機(jī)?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)“司機(jī)開(kāi)車(chē)前應(yīng)將目的地告知汽車(chē)電腦”正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第二段“Ifspecial-purposelaneswereavailable,thecarcouldenterthemandjoinexistingtrafficintwodifferentways.Onemethodwoulduseaspecialonramp（入口引道）.Asthedriverapproachedthepointofentryforthehighway,devicesinstalledontheroadsidewouldelectronicallycheckthevehicletodetermineitsdestinationandtoascertainthatithadtheproperautomationequipmentingoodworkingorder.如果有專用車(chē)道，汽車(chē)可以通過(guò)兩種不同的方式進(jìn)入這些車(chē)道并加入現(xiàn)有的車(chē)流。一種方法使用一個(gè)特殊的斜坡彎道(入口引道)。當(dāng)司機(jī)接近高速公路的入口點(diǎn)時(shí)，安裝在路邊的電子設(shè)備將檢查車(chē)輛，以確定其目的地，并確定其適當(dāng)?shù)淖詣?dòng)化設(shè)備處于良好的工作狀態(tài)?！笨芍狟項(xiàng)“通過(guò)帶有電子控制裝置的斜坡”正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Andonceavehiclehadsettledintoautomatedtravel,thedriverwouldbefreetoreleasethewheel,openthemorningpaperorjustrelax.一旦車(chē)輛進(jìn)入自動(dòng)駕駛狀態(tài)，駕駛員就可以自由地松開(kāi)方向盤(pán)，打開(kāi)晨報(bào)或者只是放松一下。”故D項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Recently,JapaneseimportsofmanufacturedgoodsfromChinahavesurgedandthereputationofChineseproductshasimprovedsubstantially,givingrisetoconcernthatChinawillsoonreplaceJapanasthe"factoryoftheworld".AnobjectiveevaluationofChina'sindustrialstrength,however,suggeststhatthereisstillalongwaytogobeforeitwillbecomeatrulyadvancedindustrialcountryonparwithJapan.

Firstofall,thehighproportionoflabor-intensiveproductsinChina'sexportsmeansthatitstradestructureistypicalofanewlyindustrializingeconomy(NIE).

Thisisdifferentfromthatofdevelopedcountries,wherethemajorexportitems,suchasmachinery,aretechnology-intensive.AlthoughChinaisincreasingitsshareoftheglobalmarketformanufacturedgoods,includingsomeinformation-technology(IT)productsthatareclassifiedashigh-tech,Chineseexportsarestillhighlyconcentratedinlower-endproducts.Intheeaseoftelevisions,forinstance,Japanspecializesinhigh-definitionandotherhigher-endmodels,whileChinaproducesstandardmodelswhoseunitvaluesaremuchlower.

ReflectingChinasemphasisonprocessingtrade,goods"madeinChina"containlargenumbersofoverseascomponents,someofwhicharemadeinJapan.AccordingtoofficialChinesestatistics,increasingexportsbyUSS1millionrequiresimportingintermediategoodsandcomponentsworth$500,000,whichdonotformpartofChina'sgrossdomesticproduct(GDP).Moreover,theproportionofthisimportedcontentishigherforhigh-techthanforlow-techproducts.Acomputerlabeled"madeinChina"islikelytocontainalargeportionofimportedcontentsi