考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川建筑職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川建筑職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Imustremember____Johnthatthegardenneedswatering.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reminded

B.reminding

C.toremind

D.toberemindedof

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.reminded提醒（過(guò)去分詞）B.reminding提醒（現(xiàn)在分詞）

C.toremind提醒（不定式）D.toberemindedof被提醒（不定式）

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

【解題思路】空格處前后語(yǔ)義為“我必須記得（remember）____約翰花園需要澆水”，選項(xiàng)的動(dòng)詞為“提醒”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)義，“提醒”的主語(yǔ)為“我”，應(yīng)該使用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；由花園需要澆水可知，這件事情還沒(méi)有發(fā)生。Remembertodosth表示記得要做某事；rememberdoingsth表示記得做了某事。原句表達(dá)的是記得要做某事，所以應(yīng)該使用Remembertodosth，C選項(xiàng)toremind“提醒（不定式）”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)reminded“提醒（過(guò)去分詞）”，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式不符合要求；

B選項(xiàng)reminding“提醒（現(xiàn)在分詞）”，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式不符合要求；

D選項(xiàng)toberemindedof“被提醒（不定式）”，語(yǔ)態(tài)不對(duì)。

【句意】我必須記得提醒約翰花園需要澆水。

2.單選題

Accordingtothenewschoolofscientiststechnologyisanoverlookedforceinexpandingthehorizonsofscientificknowledge.Sciencemovesforward,theysay,notsomuchthroughtheinsightsofgreatmenofgeniusasbecauseofmoreordinarythingslikeimprovedtechniquesandtools.Inshort,aleaderofthenewschoolcontends,thescientificrevolution,aswecallit,waslargelytheimprovementaninventionanduseofaseriesofinstrumentsthatexpandedthereachofscienceininnumerabledirections.

Overtheyears,toolsandtechnologythemselvesasasourceoffundamentalinnovationhavelargelybeenignoredbyhistoriansandphilosophersofscience.ThemodernschoolthathailstechnologyarguesthatsuchmastersasGalileo,Newton,Maxwell,Einstein,andinventorssuchasEdisonattachedgreatimportanceto,andderivedgreatbenefitfrom,craftinformationandtechnologicaldevicesofdifferentkindsthatwereusableinscientificexperiments.

Thecoreoftheargumentofatechnology-yes,genius-noadvocatewasananalysisofGalileo’sroleatthestartofthescientificrevolution.ThewisdomofthedaywasderivedfromPtolemy,anastronomerofthesecondcentury,whoseelaboratesystemoftenskyputEarthatthecenterofallheavenlymotions.Galileo’sgreatestglorywasthatin1609hewasthefirstpersontoturnthenewlyinventedtelescopeontheheavenstoprovethattheplanetsrevolvearoundthesunratherthanaroundtheearth.Buttherealheroofthestory,accordingtothenewschoolofscientists,wasthelongevolutionintheimprovementofmachineryformakingeyeglasses.

Federalpolicyisnecessarilyinvolvedinthetechnologyvsgeniusdispute.WhethertheGovernmentshouldincreasethefinancingofpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnologyorviceversaoftendependsontheissueofwhichisseenasthedrivingforce.

1.Whatleadstotheexpansionofscienceintermsofthenewschoolofscientists?

2.Whatisthenatureofscientificrevolutionaccordingtoaleaderofthenewschool?

3.Whydoesmodernschoolofscientistspayattentiontotheinventionandimprovementoftoolsandtechnology?

4.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthelastparagraph?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thecreativeideasofthegreatminds.

B.Thescientificknowledgeofthegeniuses.

C.Theimprovementofordinarytoolsandtechniques.

D.Theneglectedforceinscientificinnovations.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Ithelpstoinventaseriesofnewinstruments.

B.Itisactuallytheresultofthedevelopmentofaseriesofinstruments.

C.Itpushesthesciencetowardaparticulardirection.

D.Ithasimprovedthetechniquesininnumerabledirections.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheycanbeappliedinscientificexperiments.

B.Becausetheyaregreatlyadmiredbyscientistsandinventors.

C.Becausetheyareoverlookedbyhistoriansandphilosophers.

D.Becausetheycanbeservedasasourceofbasicinnovations.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thegovernment'sdecisiononitsfinanceallocationisdeterminedbyitsopinionontheprioritybetweenscienceandtechnology.

B.Thegovernmenthasdevelopedpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnology.

C.Thegovernmenthasattachedmoreimportancetotechnologythanpurescience.

D.Thegovernmentwillnolongerincreasethefinancialsupporttopurescience.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文的第一段，“Sciencemovesforward,theysay,notsomuchthroughtheinsightsofgreatmenofgeniusasbecauseofmoreordinarythingslikeimprovedtechniquesandtools.”他們說(shuō)，科學(xué)的發(fā)展與其說(shuō)源于天才偉人的真知灼見(jiàn)，不如說(shuō)源于改進(jìn)了的技術(shù)和工具等更為普通的東西。A選項(xiàng)“偉大思想的創(chuàng)造性思想”，B選項(xiàng)“天才的科學(xué)知識(shí)”，C選項(xiàng)“普通工具和技術(shù)的改進(jìn)”，D選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)創(chuàng)新中被忽視的力量”。因此，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段的最后一句，“Inshort,aleaderofthenewschoolcontends,thescientificrevolution,aswecallit,waslargelytheimprovementaninventionanduseofaseriesofinstrumentsthatexpandedthereachofscienceininnumerabledirections.”簡(jiǎn)而言之，新學(xué)派的一位領(lǐng)袖認(rèn)為，我們所謂的科學(xué)革命主要是指一系列儀器的改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用，這些發(fā)明和使用使科學(xué)發(fā)展的范圍無(wú)所不及。A選項(xiàng)“它有助于發(fā)明一系列新儀器”，B選項(xiàng)“它實(shí)際上是一系列儀器發(fā)展的結(jié)果”，C選項(xiàng)“它把科學(xué)推向一個(gè)特定的方向”，D選項(xiàng)“它在無(wú)數(shù)方面改進(jìn)了技術(shù)”。因此，B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文的第二段，“Overtheyears,toolsandtechnologythemselvesasasourceoffundamentalinnovationhavelargelybeenignoredbyhistoriansandphilosophersofscience.”多年來(lái)，工具和技術(shù)本身作為基礎(chǔ)性創(chuàng)新的源泉在很大程度上被科學(xué)史學(xué)家和科學(xué)哲學(xué)家們所忽視。A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄兛梢詰?yīng)用于科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)”，B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄兩钍芸茖W(xué)家和發(fā)明家的尊敬”，C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄儽粴v史學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家所忽視”,D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗鼈兛梢宰鳛榛緞?chuàng)新的源泉”。因此，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到文章的最后一段，“WhethertheGovernmentshouldincreasethefinancingofpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnologyorviceversaoftendependsontheissueofwhichisseenasthedrivingforce.”政府是應(yīng)該以犧牲技術(shù)為代價(jià)增加純科學(xué)的融資，還是反過(guò)來(lái)增加純科學(xué)的融資，往往取決于哪一方被視為驅(qū)動(dòng)力的問(wèn)題。A選項(xiàng)“政府對(duì)其資金配置的決定取決于其對(duì)科學(xué)與技術(shù)優(yōu)先地位的看法”，B選項(xiàng)“政府以犧牲技術(shù)為代價(jià)發(fā)展了純科學(xué)”，C選項(xiàng)“政府更重視技術(shù)而不是純科學(xué)”，D選項(xiàng)“政府將不再增加對(duì)純科學(xué)的資金支持”。因此，A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Anelectricareisaluminouscurrentofelectricitythatleapsfromoneelectrodetoanother.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ludicrous

B.magnetic

C.flickering

D.glowing

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。Luminous“發(fā)光的；發(fā)亮的”。A項(xiàng)“不合理的；不能當(dāng)真的”，B項(xiàng)“磁性的；富有吸引力的”，C項(xiàng)“閃爍的”，D項(xiàng)“熱烈贊揚(yáng)的；熱情洋溢的”，因此選C。句意：電流是從一個(gè)電極跳到另一個(gè)電極的發(fā)光電流。

4.單選題

Theinfluenceofclimateonbehaviorappearsall-pervasive.Indeed,whocanclaimthatweatherfactorshavenoinfluenceontheirdecision-making?Everyonecanpointtoinstanceswhereplansandactivitieshavebeenchangedbecauseofweatherconditions.People'smoodsalsochangewiththeweather:brightsunnydaysseemtoliftspirits,whiledarkrainyperiodsbringondepression.

Lawenforcementagenciesarebeginningtoshowinterestintheeffectofatmosphericconditionsonbehavior.Everyyear,theFBI'sUniformCrimeReportsprovidebreakdownsofthecrimeratesbymonthandseasonoftheyear.Bothmonthlyandseasonalvariationsareconsideredtoreflectthevaryinginfluenceoftemperature,precipitation,humidity,lengthofdaylight,andanumberofotherclimatologicalfactors.

Variousstudiesfindrelationshipsbetweenspecificclimatologicalconditionsandcrime.Risingtemperatureisgenerallyaccompaniedbyincreasesinaggressionandviolentcrime.Ontheotherhand,highhumidityappearstoreducetheincidenceofphysicalactivityandaggression.Rain,cloudcover,andotherformsofinclementweatherareassociatedwithlowerlevelsofpropertycrimesandincreaseddepression.

Ourstudyshowedthatlowhumidityhasthemostwidespreadinfluenceonalltypesofcrimestudied.Theanalysisalsoshowsthatashumidityincreasesthelevelofcrimedecreases.TemperaturealsohasagreateffectIncreasingtemperaturefailstoinfluencethenumberofnighttimeburglaries,butitalsoincreasestheothercrimecategories.Burglariesanddaytimeassaultsalsotendtoincreasealongwithcloudcover.Exceptforwindspeedandbarometricpressurewithregardtodaytimeassaults,theremainingweatherfactorshavevirtuallynoinfluenceonthelevelsofcrime.

Individualswhorespondwithcriminalbehaviortoweatherchangesorweatherextrememaybecontrollablebyadministeringdrugsthatoffsettheseinfluences.Electricalstimulationofpleasurecentersinthebrainmaysomedaybeafeasiblecountermeasuretoaggressivestimuliduetoincreasedtemperatureorotherweathervariables.

Changingormanipulatingtheweatherisonepossiblemeansofattackingaweather-crimeinteraction.Thisapproachmaynotbefeasibleduetothemanyrelationshipsbetweenweatherclimateandtherotationoftheearth.Minorchangesmaybepossiblesuchasregulationofrainfallorskycover.Ontheotherhand,temperaturecontrolmaybepossible.

Moreresearchisneededtoassessandclarifytherelationshipbetweencrimeandthevariousclimatologicalfactors.Oncethisisaccomplished,itwillbenecessarytodevisemoreaccuratemeansofforecastingtheweather,counteractingtheeffectsofweatheronhumanbehavior,andcontrollingtheenvironment,oridentifyingotherapproachestotheproblem.

1.Peoplearelikelytobeveryactiveandaggressive（

）.

2.Peopleareinlowspirits

（

）.

3.Allthefollowingstatementsaretrueexceptthat

（

）.

4.Thefollowingarealloptimum-conditionsexcept

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwaystohandlecrimeisnotmention（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whenitisrainyandcloudy

B.ashumidityincreases

C.whenthereislittlemoisture

D.astemperaturedecreases

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.duringthenight

B.onclearandfinedays

C.onhotandsunnydays

D.duringcoldandstormy-weather

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.nighttimestealingincreasesalongwithtemperature

B.nobodyisfreefromtheinfluenceofweatherfactors

C.crimeratesarerelatedtotemperature,moisture,etc.

D.peoplearethinkingaboutthepossiblewaystohandleindividualreactiontoclimatologicalchanges.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.littleskycover

B.highertemperature

C.higherhumidity

D.lowertemperature

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Surgicalcorrectio

B.Medicinetreatment

C.Weathercontrol

D.Morepolicework.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞activeandaggressive定位至第三段:Ontheotherhand,highhumidityappearstoreducetheincidenceofphysicalactivityandaggression(另一方面，濕度高會(huì)減少激烈的身體接觸和侵害事件的發(fā)生),因此C項(xiàng)“溫度低時(shí)”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞inlowspirits定位至第三段:Risingtemperatureisgenerallyaccompaniedbyincreasesinaggressionandviolentcrime(溫度上升時(shí)人的好斗情緒和暴力犯罪事件會(huì)增加),由此可知D項(xiàng)“在寒冷和暴風(fēng)雨時(shí)”人情緒低落”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:氣溫升高時(shí)夜間入室盜竊事件增多,第四段指出:Increasingtemperaturefailstoinfluencethenumberofnighttimeburglaries,butitalsoincreasestheothercrimecategories(氣溫升高不會(huì)影響夜間入室盜竊的頻率，但會(huì)增加其他類型的犯罪事件),因此A項(xiàng)不符合文章所述。B:人人都會(huì)受天氣因素的影響,第一段指出:Theinfluenceofclimateonbehaviorappearsall-pervasive(氣候?qū)π袨榈挠绊懯侨轿坏?,因此B項(xiàng)符合原文。C:犯罪率與氣溫、濕度等因素有關(guān),第四段指出:Ourstudyshowedthatlowhumidityhasthemostwidespreadinfluenceonalltypesofcrimestudied(研究表明低濕度對(duì)各類犯罪有最廣泛的影響),以及Increasingtemperaturefailstoinfluencethenumberofnighttimeburglaries,butitalsoincreasestheothercrimecategories(氣溫升高不會(huì)影響夜間入室盜竊的頻率，但會(huì)增加其他類型的犯罪事件),因此C項(xiàng)正確。D:人們?cè)诳紤]個(gè)人應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的有效方法,最后一段指出:Moreresearchisneededtoassessandclarifytherelationshipbetweencrimeandthevariousclimatologicalfactors(需要更多研究來(lái)評(píng)估和闡明犯罪與多種多樣氣候因素的關(guān)系)。因此本題答案選A。

4.判斷推理題。題干問(wèn)的是以下哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)不屬于能減少犯罪的情況。第四段指出:Increasingtemperaturefailstoinfluencethenumberofnighttimeburglaries,butitalsoincreasestheothercrimecategories(氣溫升高不會(huì)影響夜間入室盜竊的頻率,但會(huì)增加其他類型的犯罪事件),由此可知答案為B項(xiàng)“氣溫升高”。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干問(wèn)的是以下哪項(xiàng)不屬于文中提及的解決措施。由第五段“Electricalstimulationofpleasurecentersinthebrainmaysomedaybeafeasiblecountermeasuretoaggressivestimuliduetoincreasedtemperatureorotherweathervariables(總有一天，電刺激大腦快感中心會(huì)成為應(yīng)對(duì)因氣溫不斷升高或其他天氣變量而導(dǎo)致的激進(jìn)刺激的一種可行措施)”可知A項(xiàng)“外科轎治”正確。由第五段“Individualswhorespondwithcriminalbehaviortoweatherchangesorweatherextrememaybecontrollablebyadministeringdrugsthatoffsettheseinfluences(可能通過(guò)采用能抵消這些影響的藥物來(lái)治療有犯罪行為的人)”可知B項(xiàng)“藥物治療”正確。由第六段“Changingormanipulatingtheweatherisonepossiblemeansofattackingaweather-crimeinteraction(改善或控制天氣變化可能成為對(duì)抗受天氣影響的犯罪行為的一個(gè)方法)”可知C項(xiàng)“天氣控制”正確。因此本題選D。

5.寫(xiě)作題

Youaretowriteacompositionofnolessthan250wordsanddoyourcompositionneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.Yourcompositionshouldbebasedonthefollowingtopic:

OnKnowledgeandAbility

【答案】OnKnowledgeandAbility6.單選題

16-20

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Abloodtest.

B.Agastroscopy(胃鏡檢查法).

C.AchestX-rayexam.

D.AbariumX-rayexam.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Tolosesomeweight.

B.Totakeafewmoretests.

C.Tosleeponthreepillows.

D.Toeatsmaller，lightermeals.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Potatochips.

B.chicken.

C.Cereal.

D.fish.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Ulcer.

B.Cancer.

C.Depression.

D.Hernia.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Hewilltrythedietthedoctorrecommended.

B.Hewillaskforasickleaveandrelaxathome.

C.Hewilltakethemedicinethedoctorprescribed.

D.Hewilltakeafewmoreteststoruleoutcancer.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】W:Well,(16)yourbariummealdidnotshowanulcer.Butitdidshowthatyouhavesomethingwecallahiatushernia(食管裂孔疝).Doyouknowwhatthatis?

M:Ithinkmygrandmotherhadone.ButIhaven’tmuchofaclue,really.

W:NowI’mgoingtoexplainhowwecantrytogetridofyourstomachandheartburnproblems.Ithinkitwouldhelpifyouwereabletoloseabitofweight.You’llbelesslikelytogetthepainifyoucaneatsmaller,lightermealsregularly.Standinguprightaftereatingforawhilehelpssothatyourstomachislesslikelytocomeuptoyourgulletthenwhenyoulieflat.Lastly,I’mgoingtogiveyousometabletsthatwillstopyourstomachfromproducingacid.Perhapsyoucouldtellmewhatyoufeelaboutit?

M:Well,Iworrythatitmightbedifficulttoeatthemealsyousuggest,becauseI’malorrydriverandhavetobeontheroadmostoftheday.AndI’mnotsureifIwanttotakethosetables.

W:Yes,IunderstandyoumighthavesomeproblemswiththedietI’msuggesting,especiallyasroadsidecafesusuallysellmealswithgreasyfood.However,(18)perhapsyoucouldkeeptofishandchicken,andavoidchipsandfriedeggs.Yousayyou’renotkeenontakingtablets,whynot?

M:Afriendofminehadthem,andthengotworse.And6weekslatertheyfoundhehadstomachcancer.

W:Isee...soyouwereworriedabouthavingcancer?

M:Well,Iwasabit.IsupposeifmyX-rayonlyshowedahernia,Imustbeclear.(17)Butarethereothertestyoucandotoabsolutelysure?

W:Yes,thereare.(17)ButIdon’tthinkit’snecessarytodothematpresent.We’llwanttoseehowyougetonoverthenextfewweekswithachangeofdiet.WhataboutthetabletsIsuggested?Idon’tthinkit’spossiblethattheycausedyourfriend’scancer.

M:(20)IthinkI’drathertrychangingmydietfirstofall.Then,takingthemedicineyouprescribedformelasttime.

W:Let’strythatforthenext4weeks.Then,I’llseeyouagain.

16.Whatmedicalprocedurehasthemanundergone?

【解析】對(duì)話開(kāi)頭就提到他做了bariummeal“鋇餐檢查”，檢查未顯示他有潰瘍。

17.WhichofthefollowingisNOTamongthedoctor’ssuggestionstotheman?

【解析】解析對(duì)話中，男士問(wèn)醫(yī)生是否還需要做其他檢查以確診，醫(yī)生說(shuō)不用。故選B。

18.Accordingtothedoctor’sadvice,whichofthefollowingfoodsshouldthemanavoid?

【解析】醫(yī)生建議男士要注意飲食，可以繼續(xù)食用雞肉和魚(yú)肉，但不要吃薯?xiàng)l和煎蛋。故選A。

19.Whatisthedoctor’sdiagnosisoftheman?

【解析】對(duì)話開(kāi)頭醫(yī)生就說(shuō)通過(guò)鋇餐檢查,未顯示潰瘍,但確實(shí)是hiatushernia“食管裂孔疝”。

20.Whatwillthemandoforthenext4weeks?

【解析】對(duì)話最后，男土說(shuō)他愿意首先嘗試調(diào)整飲食,然后服用上次醫(yī)生給開(kāi)的藥。注意這里男士提到的是服用上次醫(yī)生給開(kāi)的藥，所以C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故選A。

7.單選題

AccordingtotheGhanaNationalNarcoticControlBoard（NACOB.,almostfourthousandGhanaianare（）illicitdrugswhileseveralothersarereportedtobeengagedinconstantdrugtraffickingannually.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exposedto

B.attachedto

C.addictedto

D.opposedto

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)exposedto表示“接觸，暴露于”；B選項(xiàng)attachedto表示“附屬于，愛(ài)慕”；C選項(xiàng)addictedto表示“上癮，沉迷于”；D選項(xiàng)opposedto表示“反對(duì)”。分析句意可知，根據(jù)加納國(guó)家麻醉品管制局（NACOB.的報(bào)告，幾乎有4000加納人沉迷于毒品，而每年有數(shù)千人不斷從事販毒。因此本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

8.單選題

IsittruethattheAmericanintellectualisrejectedandconsideredofnoaccountinhissociety?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.senseless

B.unimportant

C.indifferent

D.uninteresting

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)senseless“愚蠢的；無(wú)知覺(jué)的；無(wú)意識(shí)的”；B選項(xiàng)unimportant“不重要的；瑣碎的”；C選項(xiàng)indifferent“不關(guān)心的，冷淡的”；D選項(xiàng)uninteresting“無(wú)趣味的；乏味的”。句意：美國(guó)知識(shí)分子在他的社會(huì)中被排斥，被認(rèn)為是……，這是真的嗎？根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息theAmericanintellectualisrejected“美國(guó)知識(shí)分子被排斥”，也即是說(shuō)美國(guó)知識(shí)分子在他們的社會(huì)中很難享有一席之地，因?yàn)樗麄儾皇苤匾?。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Ifsomething（

）,itgraduallydevelopsandchangesoveraperiodoftimeintosomethingdifferentandusuallymoreadvanced.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.revolves

B.evolves

C.resolves

D.involves

【答案】B

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。revolve“旋轉(zhuǎn)”；evolve“逐步發(fā)展，逐步演變”；resolve“決定，決心”；involve“牽涉”。句意：如果某些事物進(jìn)化，逐漸發(fā)展經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間變?yōu)槠渌氖挛铮ǔ８呒?jí)些。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.單選題

Thereisno（）evidencethatthediplomaticrelationswillberestoredtonormalbetweenthesetwocountries.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tangible

B.touchable

C.noticeable

D.inevitable

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。tangible“切實(shí)的”；touchable“可觸摸的”；noticeable“顯著的”；inevitable“不可避免的”。句意：沒(méi)有確鑿的證據(jù)證明這兩個(gè)國(guó)家之間的關(guān)系將恢復(fù)正常。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

11.單選題

Itissaidthatthemathteacherseems（

）towardsbrightstudents.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.preferable

B.partial

C.beneficial

D.liable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)preferable“更好的，更可取的”；B選項(xiàng)partial“部分的，不完全的，偏袒”；C選項(xiàng)beneficial“有利的，有益的”；D選項(xiàng)liable“負(fù)有償付責(zé)任，可能受……的影響”。由brightstudents（聰明的學(xué)生）可知B選項(xiàng)符合邏輯搭配。句意：據(jù)說(shuō)這個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)老師似乎偏袒聰明的學(xué)生。

12.單選題

（）sentfromFloridaforallthechildreninCabinSix.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Acrateoforangeswere

B.Acrateoforangewere

C.Acrateoforangewas

D.Acrateoforangeswas

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。acrateof“一箱；一筐”。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的變化要看有多少crate，多于一箱的，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；被修飾的名詞的變化還要看這個(gè)名詞是可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)，如果是不可數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果可數(shù)且為單/復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)的用單/復(fù)數(shù)。題中orange“橘子”為可數(shù)名詞。句意：從佛羅里達(dá)寄來(lái)了一箱橘子給6號(hào)船艙的所有孩子。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

TheBuddhistreligiondevelopedfromtheteachingsofShakyamuniBuddha,wholivedfromabout563to483BCEinthepresent-dayregionsofNepalandcentralIndia.Athisbirth,itisbelieved,seersforetoldthattheinfantprince,namedSiddharthaGautama,wouldbecomeeitherachakravartin—a“world-conqueringruler”—oraBuddha—a"fullyenlightenedbeing”.Hopingforarulerlikehimself,Siddhartha’sfathertriedtosurroundhissonwithpleasureandshieldhimfrompain.Yettheprincewaseventuallyexposedtothesufferingofoldage,sickness,anddeath—theinevitablefateofallmortalbeings.Deeplytroubledbythehumancondition,Siddharthaatagetwenty-nineleftthepalace,hisfamily,andhisinheritancetoliveasanasceticinthewilderness.Aftersixyearsofmeditation,heattainedcompleteenlightenmentnearBodhGaya,India.

Followinghisenlightenment,theBuddha(EnlightenmentOne)gavehisfirstteachingintheDeerParkatSamath.HereheexpoundedtheFourNobleTruths,whicharethefoundationofBuddhism:(1)lifeissuffering;(2)thissufferinghasacause,whichisignorance;(3)thisignorancecanbeovercomeandextinguished;(4)thewaytoovercomethisignoranceisbyfollowingtheeightfoldpathofrightview,rightresolve,rightspeech,rightaction,rightlivelihood,righteffort,rightmindfulness,andrightconcentration.AftertheBuddha’sdeathattheageofeighty,hismanydisciplesdevelopedhisteachingsandestablishedtheworld’soldestmonasticinstitutions.

ABuddhaisnotagodbutratheronewhoseestheultimatenatureoftheworldandisthereforenolongersubjecttosamsara,thecycleofbirth,deathandrebirththatotherwiseholdsusinitsgrip,whetherwearebornintotheworldofthegods,humans,animals,torturedspirits,orhellbeings.

TheearlyformofBuddhismknownasTheravadaorHinayana,stressesself-cultivationforthepurposeofattainingnirvana,whichistheextinctionofsamsaraforoneself.TheravadaBuddhismhascontinuedinsouthIndia,SriLanka,andSoutheastAsia.Within500yearsoftheBuddha’sdeath,anotherformofBuddhism,knownasMahayana,becamepopularmainlyinnorthernIndia;iteventuallyflourishedinChina(asChanandVajrayana),andinKorea,Japan(asZen).CompassionforallbeingsisthefoundationofMahayanaBuddhism,whosegoalisnotnirvanaforoneselfbutBuddhahood(Enlightenment)foreverybeingthroughouttheuniverse.MahayanaBuddhismrecognizesBuddhasotherthanShakyamunifromthepast,present,andfuture.OnesuchisMaitreya,thenextBuddhatoappearonEarth.AnotheristheAmitabhaBuddha,theBuddhaofInfiniteLightandInfiniteLife(thatis,incorporatingallspaceandtime),whodwellsinparadiseknownastheWesternPureLand.AmitabhaBuddhabecameparticularlypopularinEastAsia.MahayanaBuddhismalsodevelopedthecategoryofbodhisattvas(thosewhoseessenceiswisdom),saintlybeingswhoareonthebrinkofachievingBuddhahoodbuthavevowedtohelpothersachieveBuddhahoodbeforecrossingoverthemselves.

Inart,bodhisattvasandBuddhasaremostclearlydistinguishedbytheirclothingandadornments:bodhisattvasweartheprincelygarbofIndia,whileBuddhaswearmonks’robes.InHinduism,adeitymaydwellinitsimage,butinBuddhismportrayalsofBuddhasandbodhisattvasarerecognizedaspurelysymbolic,andnospiritisbelievedtoresidewithin.

1.WhichtypeofBuddhismdevelopedthecategoryofbodhisattva,andhowarebodhisattvasdistinguishedfromBuddhasinartisticrepresentations?

2.WhichkindofBuddhismemphasizespersonaldevelopmentforthepurposeofachievingnirvana,andwhatisnirvana?

3.WhydidSiddhartha’sfathershelterhimwhenhewasyoung?

4.WhattypeofBuddhismflourishedhalfamillenniumaftertheBuddha’sdeath,andmainlydevelopedfurthertotheeast;whatwasitsmaingoal?

5.WhatarethefourNobleTruthsandwheredidtheBuddhafirstexpoundthisdoctrine?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.MahayanaBuddhism,andtheyaredressedlikeIndianprinces.

B.VajrayanaBuddhism,andtheyaredistinguishedbytheyellowhatsandsaffronrobestheywear.

C.ChanBuddhism,andtheycanbeidentifiedinartbytherobesthatcovertheirbodies.

D.TheravadaBuddhism,andtheyareidentifiedbytheprincelygarbofIndiathattheywear.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.TheravadaBuddhism;theBuddhistequivalentoftheChristianheaven.

B.TheravadaBuddhism;thepersonalextinctionofthecycleofbirth,deathandrebirth.

C.HinayanaBuddhism;theextinctionofsamsara.

D.BothBandC.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Hewasafraidthathisson,whowouldonedaysucceedhimasking,mightgetsickanddieifhewereexposedtothedangersofeverydaylife.

B.Hewasworriedthathissonmightbecomegreatandchallengehisreign,andthatiswhyhetriedtodistracthimwithpleasure.

C.Helovedhissonverydeeplyanddidnotwantanypainorsicknesstoaffecthim;hewantedhimtoliveonlyintheperfect“world”thathecreatedforhim.

D.OraclesforetoldthatthebabySiddhartha,whenhegrewup,wouldeitherbeaworldconquerororafullyenlightenedbeing,buthisfatheronlywantedhimtobeanordinarykinglikehimself.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.MahayanaBuddhism,anditsmaingoalwasBuddhahoodforeverybeingthroughouttheuniverse.

B.ShakyamuniBuddism,anditsmaingoalwastoendsamsaraforeverybodhisattva.

C.ZenBuddhism,anditsmaingoalwastobringthePureLandintothepresentworld.

D.VajrayanaBuddhism,anditsmaingoalwastosharetheBuddha’smessagethroughcreatingpurelysymbolicimagesoftheBuddhathroughpaintingsandsculptures.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Lifeissuffering;ignorantpeoplecausesuffering;ignorancecanbeovercome;onecanovercomeignorancebyfollowingtheeightfoldpath;hegavehisfirstteachingatBodhGayainIndia.

B.Lifeissuffering;sufferinghasacause,whichisignorance;ignorancecanbeovercomebycarefulstudy;hegavehisfirstteachingtothedeerthatgatheredaroundhimatBodhGayainIndia.

C.Lifeissuffering;thissufferinghasacause,whichisignorance;thisignorancecanbeovercomeandextinguished;thewaytoovercomethisignoranceisbyfollowingtheeightfoldpath;hegavehisfirstteachinginDeerParkatSamath.

D.Lifeissuffering;ignoranceisthecauseofsuffering;ignorancecanbeovercomebyfollowingtheeightfoldpath;hegavehisfirstteachingintheDeerParkatSamath.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題有兩個(gè)問(wèn)題。第一個(gè)是“哪一種佛教擴(kuò)大了菩薩的范疇”，第四段最后一句說(shuō)到“MahayanaBuddhismalsodevelopedthecategoryofbodhisattvas…”，由此可知，是大乘佛教“MahayanaBuddhism”擴(kuò)大了菩薩的范疇；第二個(gè)問(wèn)題，howarebodhisattvasdistinguishedfromBuddhasinartisticrepresentations“菩薩與佛在藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)上有何不同”，最后一段第一句正說(shuō)到了兩者在藝術(shù)方面的區(qū)別“Inart,bodhisattvasandBuddhasaremostclearlydistinguishedbytheirclothingandadornments:bodhisattvasweartheprincelygarbofIndia,whileBuddhaswearmonks’robes”，在藝術(shù)上，菩薩和佛最明顯的區(qū)別是他們的服飾：菩薩穿的是印度的公主服，而佛穿的是僧袍。對(duì)比選項(xiàng)可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題同樣有兩個(gè)問(wèn)題。第一個(gè)問(wèn)題“哪種佛教強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人發(fā)展以達(dá)到涅槃的目的”，第四段第一句說(shuō)到“TheearlyformofBuddhism…stressesself-cultivationforthepurposeofattainingnirvana,whichistheextinctionofsamsaraforoneself”，佛教的早期形式（小乘佛教）強(qiáng)調(diào)自我修養(yǎng)，以達(dá)到涅槃的目的，即不再輪回，因此是小乘佛教強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人發(fā)展達(dá)到涅槃；第二個(gè)問(wèn)題“什么是涅槃”，因?yàn)槟鶚勈欠鸾虖?qiáng)調(diào)的個(gè)人發(fā)展目的，因此涅槃與佛有關(guān)，第三段中說(shuō)到“ABuddhaisnotagodbutratheronewhoseestheultimatenatureoftheworldandisthereforenolongersubjecttosamsara,thecycleofbirth,deathandrebirth…”，佛陀不是神，而是一個(gè)看到世界終極本質(zhì)的人，因此不再受制于輪回，也就是生、死和重生的循環(huán)，由此可知，涅槃也就是不再受制于生、死和重生的循環(huán)。對(duì)比選項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第3題:3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干中受到父親庇護(hù)的Siddhartha出現(xiàn)在文章第一段“Athisbirth,itisbelieved,seersforetoldthattheinfantprince,namedSiddharthaGautama,wouldbecomeeitherachakravartin—a‘world-conqueringruler'—oraBuddha—a‘fullyenlightenedbeing’.Hopingforarulerlikehimself,Siddhartha’sfathertriedtosurroundhissonwithpleasureandshieldhimfrompain”，釋迦牟尼在出生時(shí)，被預(yù)言他或?qū)⑹钦鞣澜绲慕y(tǒng)治者，或?qū)⑹且粋€(gè)完全開(kāi)悟的人。他的父親希望他成為像自己一樣的統(tǒng)治者，想讓他免受痛苦而努力保護(hù)他。對(duì)比選項(xiàng)可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題又是兩個(gè)問(wèn)題。第一個(gè)問(wèn)題“什么樣的佛教在佛陀死后500年才興盛起來(lái)，而且主要在東方發(fā)展得更遠(yuǎn)”，第四段第三句說(shuō)到“Within500yearsoftheBuddha’sdeath,anotherformofBuddhism,knownasMahayana,becamepopularmainlyinnorthernIndia;iteventuallyflourishedinChina(asChanandVajrayana),andinKorea,Japan(asZen)”，佛陀去世后500年內(nèi)，另一種佛教形式大乘佛教主要在印度北部流行起來(lái)；它最終在中國(guó)（作為禪宗和藏傳佛教）和韓國(guó)、日本（作為禪宗）興盛起來(lái)。第二個(gè)問(wèn)題“它的主要目的是什么”，第四段第四句說(shuō)到“whosegoalisnotnirvanaforoneselfbutBuddhahood(Enlightenment)foreverybeingthroughouttheuniverse”，其目標(biāo)不是為涅槃，而是為宇宙中的每一個(gè)眾生成佛（開(kāi)悟）。對(duì)比選項(xiàng)可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段中說(shuō)到“theBuddha(EnlightenmentOne)gavehisfirstteachingintheDeerParkatSamath”，佛陀在薩馬斯的鹿園里進(jìn)行了他的第一次教導(dǎo)，闡述了四圣諦的內(nèi)容：(1)lifeissuffering;(2)thissufferinghasacause,whichisignorance;(3)thisignorancecanbeovercomeandextinguished;(4)thewaytoovercomethisignoranceisbyfollowingtheeightfoldpath…對(duì)比選項(xiàng)可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Attemptstopersuadehertostayaftershefeltinsultedwere（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.innoway

B.onthecontrary

C.ataloss

D.ofnoavail

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在她覺(jué)得受到侮辱后，企圖勸她留下來(lái)是徒勞的。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。innoway決不；onthecontrary正相反；ataloss虧本地；困惑不解；ofnoavail無(wú)效;不起作用；徒勞的。根據(jù)前半句句意“在她覺(jué)得受到侮辱后”可知，D符合句意。

15.單選題

Parentsoftenfacedthe______betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.paradox

B.junction

C.dilemma

D.premise

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)paradox“悖論，反論；似是而非的論點(diǎn)；自相矛盾的人或事”；B選項(xiàng)junction“連接，接合；交叉點(diǎn)；接合點(diǎn)”；C選項(xiàng)dilemma“困境；進(jìn)退兩難；兩刀論法”；D選項(xiàng)premise“前提，假定；（常復(fù)數(shù)）商店、餐館、公司等使用的房屋及土地；（常復(fù)數(shù)）上訴各項(xiàng)”。句意：父母?jìng)兘?jīng)常面對(duì)這樣的兩難處境，是選擇做他們認(rèn)為的對(duì)孩子發(fā)展好的事情呢，還是選擇對(duì)其放任自流。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Theenergycrisis,whichisbeingfeltaroundtheworld,hasdramati