考研考博-英語-上海對外經(jīng)貿(mào)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海對外經(jīng)貿(mào)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

MayaLinwasanundergraduatestudentatYalewhenshewas______tocreatetheVietnamVeteransMemorialin1981becauseshewonthepublicdesigncompetitionforthememorial.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.commissioned

B.conditioned

C.streamlined

D.aggregated

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語從句。A選項(xiàng)commissioned“正式委托（譜寫或制作、創(chuàng)作、完成）”；B選項(xiàng)conditioned“訓(xùn)練，使習(xí)慣于，使適應(yīng)”；C選項(xiàng)streamlined“使增產(chǎn)節(jié)約”；D選項(xiàng)aggregated“總計(jì)，合計(jì)”。句意：1981年，瑪雅林在耶魯大學(xué)讀本科時(shí)被______設(shè)計(jì)越南退伍軍人紀(jì)念館，因?yàn)樗A得了紀(jì)念館的公共設(shè)計(jì)競賽?，斞帕众A了設(shè)計(jì)比賽，可知這里指的是和設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)事宜，A選項(xiàng)commissioned“正式委托（譜寫或制作、創(chuàng)作、完成）”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Acomprehensivemarketsystemshouldbeestablishedto（

）theflowoftalent,fundsandmaterials.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.suffice

B.necessitate

C.facilitate

D.fabricate

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)suffice“使?jié)M足”；B選項(xiàng)necessitate“使成為必需”；C選項(xiàng)facilitate“促進(jìn)，幫助”；D選項(xiàng)fabricate“偽造”。句意：應(yīng)該建立完善的市場體系促進(jìn)人才、資金和物資的流動(dòng)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

3.單選題

9.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Diarrhea.

B.Vomiting.

C.Nausea.

D.Acold.

【答案】C

【解析】M:I’msosickinmystomach!

W:That’stoobad.Haveyoubeentothetoilet?Anydiarrhea[?da???ri?]orvomiting?

M:I’vebeentothetoilettwice.Butnodiarrheaorvomiting.PerhapsIshoulddrinksomething.CanIhaveacupofhottea?

Q:Whatisthemansufferingfrom?

【解析】推斷題。男士說：I’msosickinmystomach（我只是有點(diǎn)反胃），故選C。

4.翻譯題

Themediahelpdemocracywhentheyprovidemorechoicestomorepeople,buttheydonofavorstodemocracywhentheyturnthemselvesfrombeacons（信號站）oflightintoheat-seekingmissiles.Forexample,thepresident’s1995StateoftheUnionaddresstookmorethananhour,whichapparentlywasaboutahalfhourmorethanthepatienceofmostnetworkcommentators（commentator:personwhocomments）couldtolerate.Intheirinstantanalysisafterthespeech,theyallcriticizeditslengthand“l(fā)ackoffocus’’.Yetjudgingbypollsandtalkshowsthenextday,mostAmericansappearedtoappreciatethecontentofthepresident’sspeech.Todaythemediainvestigatelessandpreachmore……

【答案】當(dāng)媒體為更多的人提供更多的選擇時(shí)，媒體有助于民主政治，而當(dāng)媒體由燈光信號站轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闊釋?dǎo)導(dǎo)彈時(shí)，媒體將不利于民主政治。比如，總統(tǒng)發(fā)表的1995年國情咨文報(bào)告花了一個(gè)多小時(shí)，這顯然超出了大多數(shù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)評論家（評論員：發(fā)表評論的人）所能承受的大約半小時(shí)的容忍度。演說結(jié)束后，網(wǎng)絡(luò)評論家即時(shí)對演說做出分析，批判演說的長度而且“缺乏重點(diǎn)”。然而，從第二天的民意調(diào)查結(jié)果和現(xiàn)場訪談來看，大多數(shù)美國人似乎很欣賞總統(tǒng)演講的內(nèi)容。當(dāng)今媒體調(diào)查少，宣傳多

5.單選題

Mr.Liisthepresent（

）ofthepresidentialchairofthecompany.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transaction

B.prescription

C.professor

D.incumbent

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析。句意:李先生現(xiàn)任公司總裁。

transaction交易；事務(wù)；辦理。prescription藥方；指示；慣例。professor教授；教師。incumbent在職者；現(xiàn)任者。

6.單選題

AndrewCarnegie,Americanindustrialistandphilanthropist,madeafortunebymanufacturingironandsteelprotectedbycustomtariff.In1873,ononeofhisfrequenttripstoEngland,hemetHenryBessemerandbecameconvincedthattheindustrialfuturelayinsteel.HebuilttheJ.EdgarThomsonsteelMillspearPittsburgh,andfromthatmomenton,theCarnegieEmpirewasoneofconstantexpansion.Lateron,theCarnegieSteelCo.becameanimmenseorganization.ItincludedalltheprocessofsteelproductionfromthegreatfurnacesandfinishingmillsofPittsburghtotheinroadsandlakesteamersthatmovetheoresandthefinishproducts.

Likehisgrandfather,AndrewCarnegiedidnotabandontheradicalidealismofhisforebearsforthebenefitoftheworkingclass.InspiteofhisespousalofHerbertSpencerphilosophyandthesocialDarwinismoftheperiod,CarnegieremaineddeeplycommittedtomanyoftheChartistsidealsofhisboyhood.Hebelievedinthesocialresponsibilityofthemanofwealthtosociety.Hemustsaveasastewardforthefortune;hehasearnedandusedthatfortunetoprovidegreatopportunityforallandtoincreaseman’sknowledgeofhimselfandofhisuniverse.Furthermore,Carnegiebeintheformoffreecharitybutrathermustbeasabuttresstothecommunity’sresponsibilityforitsownpeople.WhenCarnegiediedinLenox,Mass,onAugust11,1919,mostofhisfortunewasalreadygone.PeoplewonderthatifCarnegiehadknownthiswhenhewasalive,hewouldhavespreadmostofhiswealthtothepoorpeople.

1.Carnegiewasabletodevelophisvastindustrialfortunes（

）.

2.Carnegiefollowinghisancestor’sfootsteps（

）.

3.TheindustryCarnegiewasnotconcernedwithwas（

）.

4.Carnegie’stripstoEngland（

）.

5.Whichhappenedfirst?

6.AndrewCarnegie’sPhilanthropicideals（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.withtheactoffiveenterprisesystem

B.throughlargeloansfromtheAmericangovernment

C.becausetheAmericangovernmenthadspecialtariffstoprotecttheAmericansteelandironindustry

D.becausehehadrelativesintheEnglishandindustry

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.bydevelopingalargeindustrialcompany

B.incaringforandimprovingbenefitsfortheworkerandthepoor

C.byfurtheringSpencer’sphilosophy

D.bybeingafollowerofsocialDarwinism

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.themanufacturingofsteel

B.thetransportingofthefinishedproduct

C.themovementofrawmaterials

D.thelumberbusiness

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.werepurelyforpleasureandvisitingrelatives

B.introducedhimtotheCharitistidealswhichwouldinfluencehislife

C.helpedhimgainsteelcontractswithBritishindustrialists

D.ledhimtobelievethattheindustrialfuturewouldbewithsteel

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThefoundationoftheCarnegieSteelCo.

B.TheintroductionofChartistideals

C.ThefoundationoftheJ.EdgarThomsonSteelmills

D.AndrewCarnegie’stripstoGreatBritain

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.developedfromhisintroductiontosocialDarwinism

B.developedthroughhiseducationunderSpencer

C.developedformtheCharitistidealsofhisboyhood

D.resultedfromunionstrikesandunrestattheCarnegieSteelCompany

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:B

【解析】1.文章第一段第一句AndrewCarnegie,Americanindustrialistandphilanthropist,madeafortunebymanufacturingironandsteelprotectedbycustomtariff.提到安德魯?shù)牡谝煌敖鹗且驗(yàn)殇撹F產(chǎn)業(yè)受到政府的關(guān)稅保護(hù)，所以選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.文章第二段第一句Likehisgrandfather,AndrewCarnegiedidnotabandontheradicalidealismofhisforebearsforthebenefitoftheworkingclass提到安德魯沒有擯棄祖先留下激進(jìn)的理想主義信念，夢想讓工人階級能從中獲利。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.第一段最后一句ItincludedalltheprocessofsteelproductionfromthegreatfurnacesandfinishingmillsofPittsburghtotheinroadsandlakesteamersthatmovetheoresandthefinishproducts提到了卡內(nèi)基帝國所涉及的一些業(yè)務(wù)，可知并沒有涉及木材生意。所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.文章第一段ononeofhisfrequenttripstoEngland,hemetHenryBessemerandbecameconvincedthattheindustrialfuturelayinsteel提到這次旅行讓他相信未來的工業(yè)重心是鋼鐵業(yè)，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.文章第二段CarnegieremaineddeeplycommittedtomanyoftheChartistsidealsofhisboyhood提到致力于成為慈善家的想法是卡內(nèi)基從小男孩時(shí)代就有的，所以這個(gè)是發(fā)生地最早的事，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

6.文章第二段inspiteofhisespousalofHerbertSpencerphilosophyandthesocialDarwinismoftheperiod,CarnegieremaineddeeplycommittedtomanyoftheChartistsidealsofhisboyhood提到由于從小受斯賓塞哲學(xué)和達(dá)爾文主義的影響，卡內(nèi)基從小就有著仁慈的心腸。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

7.單選題

Ittookthisdisabledboyalongtimeto（）thefactthathewasnotqualifiedforadmissiontocollege.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.comeupwith

B.comedownwith

C.comeupto

D.cometotermswith

【答案】D

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)comeupwith“提出、想出”；B選項(xiàng)comedownwith“染上病、付錢”；C選項(xiàng)comeupto“達(dá)到、符合”；D選項(xiàng)cometotermswith“妥協(xié)、屈服”，句意為：這個(gè)殘疾的男孩過了很長時(shí)間才接受了他沒有資格上大學(xué)的事實(shí)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意，因此選D。

8.單選題

Thepaintontheclown’sface（）thatitscaredthechildrenhewastryingtoentertain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wassoexaggeration

B.wereanexaggeration

C.wassuchanexaggeration

D.wasexaggerating

【答案】C

【解析】根據(jù)后面的that可知，這里考查so（such）…that...的句型。so后面接形容詞或副詞，such后接名詞。exaggeration為名詞，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

9.單選題

Scientistsaroundtheworldagreethattheearth’sclimateischangingduetohumanactivitiesthatreleasegreenhousegasesintotheatmosphere.Ifleftunaddressed,thissituationwillcauseincreasesevereweather,flooding,disease,andhabitatdestruction,allofwhichwillhavedevastatingimpactsonsociety.

Inanefforttoreduceitsowncontributiontoclimatechange,theUNFoundationhasinitiatedanumberofeffortsintheofficeandwithstaff.

Stepsbeingtakentoreducethefoundation’semissionsincludethefollowing:

AlightbulbexchangeprogramallowsstafftotraderegularbulbsfromhomeforCompactFluorescentLights(CFLs).CFLsuse70percentlessenergy,aremuchlessexpensivetorun.andlastlongerthanregularbulbs.

TheUNFoundationencouragesitsstafftousepublictransitwherepossibleandprovidesthemwithfreepublictransportsvouchers.UNFdoesnotprovideorsubsidizeparkingforitsemployees.

TheUNFoundationhasmovedintoanewGoldstandardLEED-certifiedofficeinearly2007,whichwillfurtherreducetheFoundation'simpactontheenvironmentwhilemaximizingefficiency,savingsandstaffcomfort.Thenewofficedemonstrateshighstandardsinkeyareasofhumanandenvironmentalhealth;energyefficiency,watersavings,sustainablematerials,indoorenvironmentalqualityandsustainablesitedevelopment.

TheUNFoundationoffsetsitsgreenhousegasemissionsfromday-to-dayofficeenergyusebycontributingtoareforestationprojectthatabsorbsthesameamountofcarbondioxideaswasemitted.

Todothis,theFoundationusedthemethodologyoftheGHGProtocolandtoolsprovidedbytheWorldResourcesInstitutetocalculatethetotalamountofitshistoricalcarbondioxideemissionfromelectricityconsumption,heatingandcoolingandairtravelatitsWashingtonD.C.andNewYorkCityoffices.

WithprobonolegalservicesgenerouslyprovidedbyBaker&McKenzie,theUNFoundationwasthenabletopurchaseanequivalentamountofcarbonoffsetsfromareforestationprojectintheSierraGordaMountainsofMexico.

ThisLTNDPprojectsequesters(隔離)carbondioxidefromtheatmospherebyreforestinglandspreviouslyconvertedtoagriculturalandlivestockuses.Overandabovethesequestrationofgreenhousegases,thisprojectalsohassignificantsustainabledevelopmentbenefitsbyenhancingbiodiversityinthemostecosystem-diversenaturalprotectedareainMexicoandbyprovidinglocallandownerswithanincometoreplacefarmingorherding.TheBiosphereReservealsorecentlydistinguisheditselfintheareaofsustainabletourismbywinningthe2007TourismforTomorrowDestinationAward.

1.CFLsgaintheadvantageoverregularbulbsfor（）.

2.What'stheprimarycauseforUNFprovidingfreepublictransportvoucherstoitsstaff?

3.WecaninferfromthispassagethattheLEEDcertificationemphasizes（）.

4.What'sthemeaningof"probono"inParagraph9?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theyconsumeas70%energyasregularbulbs

B.theyaremucheasiertorunbyus

C.theirlongevityislongerthanregularbulbs

D.theirpriceischeaperthanregularbulbs

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Tostopitsstafffromdrivingprivatecarstowork.

B.Toencouragesitsstafftousepublictransit.

C.Torewarditsstaffwithgenerouswelfare

D.Toreducethereleaseofgreenhousegases.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.innerandouterestheticism

B.basicfacilitiesandservice

C.human'shealthandwellbeing

D.energyandenvironment

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Donewithoutcompensation

B.Beingfullofadvice

C.Especiallyprofessional

D.Beingalargenumber

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“節(jié)能燈與普通燈泡相比優(yōu)勢在哪里？”文章第四段提到“節(jié)能燈比普通燈泡節(jié)能70%，運(yùn)行成本低很多，使用壽命更長”(CFLsuse70percentlessenergy,aremuchlessexpensivetorun,andlastlongerthanregularbulbs)，因此選項(xiàng)C“它們的壽命比普通燈泡長”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“UNF給員工提供免費(fèi)公交券的主要目的是什么？”文章第三段提到采取了一些措施來減少溫室氣體的排放量，第四段提出采用節(jié)能燈，第五段提到UNF給員工提供免費(fèi)公交券，讓員工在條件允許的情況下使用，根本原因是為了減少氣體的排放量，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章可知LEED認(rèn)證強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么？”文章第六段第一句提到聯(lián)合國基金會2007年年初搬進(jìn)了一個(gè)黃金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的LEED認(rèn)證辦公室，這將進(jìn)一步減少基金會對環(huán)境的影響……(TheUNFoundationhasmovedintoanewGoldstandardLEED-certifiedofficeinearly2007,whichwillfurtherreducetheFoundation’simpactontheenvironmentwhilemaximizingefficiency,savingsandstaffcomfort),并且新辦事處在人類和環(huán)境衛(wèi)生的關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域都是符合高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，由此可知LEED認(rèn)證所關(guān)注的問題是能源和環(huán)境兩方面，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.詞義題。題目問的是“probono是什么意思？”該詞出現(xiàn)倒數(shù)第二段，WithprobonolegalservicesgenerouslyprovidedbyBaker&McKenzie,theUNFoundationwasthenabletopurchaseanequivalentamountofcarbonoffsetsfromareforestationprojectintheSierraGordaMountainsofMexico（聯(lián)合國基金會就能夠從墨西哥SierraGorda山脈中的重新造林項(xiàng)目中購買等量的二氧化碳排放抵消量），以及generously“慷慨地”可推測probonolegalservices是“無償?shù)姆煞?wù)”，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.單選題

EverysecondintheUnitedStatesalone,morethan250animalsareslaughteredforfood,addinguptomorethan8billionanimalseachyear.Reducingtheamountofmeatinone'sdietisnutritionallyenvironmentallyandethicallybeneficial.

Peoplewhoeatmeatusuallyhaveweakerimmunesystemscomparedtothoseofvegetarians.Meathasbeendirectlylinkedtodiabetes,obesity,arthritis,andmanyotherillnesses.Furthermore,meat-eatersareatahigherriskfordiseases,includingcancer,andtheyaremorelikelytodiefromthesediseases.Criticssaythatameatlessdietdoesnotprovideenoughnutrients,especiallyproteinandiron.Actually,accordingtoATeen'sGuidetoGoingVegetarian,byJudyKrizmanic,proteinisfoundinalmosteveryfood,andironappearsinmanyvegetables.Gettingenoughnutrientsinameat-reduceddietshouldnotbedifficult.A2008studyfoundthatsomeofthehighestpesticideresiduesappearinmeatandeggs.Dietsincludingmorefruitsandvegetableswillonlymakepeoplehealthier.

Someskepticsbelievethattherewillbeashortageoffoodifanimalsarenoteaten.Infact,theoppositeistrue.Morethan80%ofthecomand95%oftheoatsgrownintheU.S.arefedtolivestock.Theworld'scattlealoneconsumeenoughfoodtoequalthecaloricneedsof8.7billionpeople.OnehalfofthewaterusedintheUnitedStatesalsogoestolivestock;2.50gallonsofwaterproducesonly1lb.ofbeef.Ifpeopleeatlessmeatandmoreplants,theamountofavailablefoodwillincrease.

Manypeoplebecomevegetariansbecausetheyfeelthateatinganimalsisunethical.90%oftheseanimalsareraisedinconfinement.Chickensandotherbirdshaveonlyabouthalfasquarefootofspaceeach,andsincetheyareraisedsoclosetogether,alotbladeisusedtocutofftheirbeakstopreventthemfrompeckingeachothertodeath.Likewise,pigsthatarerepressedwillbiteeachother'stails,soboththeirteethandtailsareremovedassoonastheyareborn.

Eatinganimalsishazardousinnumerousways.Evenaslightreductioninmeatintakeisbetterthannothingatall.Consuminglessmeatisbeneficialtothehealthofanimals,thehealthofpeople,andtothehealthoftheworld.

1.Whydosomepeoplebecomevegetarians?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementistrueaccordingtothebookATeen’sGuidetoGoingVegetarian?

3.Whydoestheauthorsayreducingtheamountofmeatinone'sdietisenvironmentallybeneficial?

4.Whatistheattitudetheauthorhastowardeatingmeat?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyfeelthateatinganimalsisunethical.

B.Therearefewerlivestockavailableduetotheenvironmentalpollution.

C.Theconsumptionofmeatwillleadtofinancialproblem.

D.Beingavegetarianisbeneficialtotheprotectionofwater

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Someofthehighestpesticideresiduesappearinmeatandeggs.

B.Ameatlessdietdoesnotprovideenoughnutrients.

C.Proteinscanbefoundinalmosteveryfood.

D.Morethan80%ofthecorninU.S.arefedtolivestock.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplewhoeatmeatusuallyhaveweakerimmunesystemscomparedtothoseofvegetarians.

B.Alotoffoodandwaterareconsumedinordertoraiselivestock.

C.90%ofanimalsareraisedinconfinement.

D.Raisinganimalscausesmostofthedestructionofthenature.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Positive.

B.Negative.

C.Indifferent.

D.Noneoftheabove.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheAdvantageofEatingLessMeat.

B.WhyPeopleBecomeVegetarian?

C.EnvironmentalProtectionandMeatlessDiet.

D.SaveChickens,SaveBirds.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Manypeoplebecomevegetariansbecausetheyfeelthateatinganimalsisunethical.（許多人成為素食者是因?yàn)樗麄冇X得吃動(dòng)物是不道德的）可知A選項(xiàng)“他們覺得吃動(dòng)物是不道德的”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的accordingtoATeen'sGuidetoGoingVegetarian,byJudyKrizmanic,proteinisfoundinalmosteveryfood（根據(jù)JudyKrizmanic的《青少年素食指南》，幾乎每種食物都含有蛋白質(zhì)）可知C選項(xiàng)“蛋白質(zhì)幾乎可以在每種食物中找到”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Morethan80%ofthecomand95%oftheoatsgrownintheU.S.arefedtolivestock.Theworld'scattlealoneconsumeenoughfoodtoequalthecaloricneedsof8.7billionpeople.OnehalfofthewaterusedintheUnitedStatesalsogoestolivestock;（美國80%以上的玉米和95%的燕麥用于飼養(yǎng)牲畜。單是世界上的牛就消耗了足夠的食物，足以滿足87億人的熱量需求。美國一半的用水也用于牲畜）可知飼養(yǎng)牲畜需要消耗大量的食物與水，如果人們減少食肉，那么所需種植食物的土地資源和水資源會減少，將有利于環(huán)境保護(hù)，因此選B。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由文章最后一段中的Eatinganimalsishazardousinnumerousways.（吃動(dòng)物在很多方面都是有害的）可知作者對吃肉持反對態(tài)度，因此選B。

5.主旨大意題。文章第一段提出減少食肉對環(huán)境和道德都是有益的；第二段介紹了食肉的人通常比素食者的免疫系統(tǒng)弱；第三段介紹了飼養(yǎng)牲畜消耗了大量的食物與水，如果少食肉，那么可用的食物量就會增大；第三段介紹了許多人成為素食者是因?yàn)樗麄冇X得吃動(dòng)物是不道德的；最后一段總結(jié)概括消耗更少的肉有益于動(dòng)物的健康、人們的健康以及世界的健康。因此A選項(xiàng)“少食肉的好處”符合題意。1

11.單選題

Thecellphoneincludesamechanicaldevicethatcanmakeit（

）whenitwouldotherwiseringforanincomingcalloranalarm.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.vibrate

B.shake

C.alarm

D.sparkle

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。vibrate意為“震動(dòng)”；shake意為“搖動(dòng)”；alarm意為“驚恐，警報(bào)”；sparkle意為“閃耀，閃爍”。

句意：手機(jī)內(nèi)置了一個(gè)機(jī)械裝置，當(dāng)有來電鈴聲或鬧鈴鈴聲時(shí)，就會使它震動(dòng)。

12.單選題

（）yourinquires,weregrettoinformyouthatwecannothelpyouinthismatter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Inrelationto

B.Inrequestto

C.Inresponseto

D.Inanswerto

【答案】C

【解析】句意:對于你的詢問，我們遺憾地告訴你我們在這件事情上幫不了你。

考查短語辨析。inrelationto關(guān)于，涉及；inrequestto無此搭配；inresponseto響應(yīng)，回答，對有反應(yīng)（比較正式的表達(dá)方式）；inanswerto回答，應(yīng)……要求（不正式的口語表達(dá)方式）。因此C符合句意。

13.單選題

Theprofessorcanhardlyfindsufficientgrounds（）hisargumentinfavorofthenewtheory.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whichtobaseon

B.onwhichtobase

C.tobaseonwhich

D.whichtobebasedon

【答案】B

【解析】考查定語從句。根據(jù)句意：教授很難找到充分的理由來支撐自己支持新理論的論據(jù)。由此可知，要把hisargument建立在grounds的基礎(chǔ)上，即“basehisargumentsonthegrounds”，變成定語從句需要將介詞on提到關(guān)系代詞which的前面，即“onwhichtobasehisarguments”，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

14.單選題

Heisoneofthemostactive（）intheextracurricularactivitiesofthestudents’union.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inhabitants

B.descendants

C.participants

D.tenants

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)inhabitant“居民；居住者”；B選項(xiàng)descendant“后裔；子孫”；C選項(xiàng)participant“參與者”；D選項(xiàng)tenant“承租人；房客；佃戶”。句意：他是學(xué)生會課外活動(dòng)最積極的參與者之一。結(jié)合句意，判斷出選項(xiàng)C正確。

15.單選題

（

）tomorrow,hewouldgettherebyFriday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Wouldheleave

B.Washeleaving

C.Ifheleaves

D.Werehetoleave

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。由tomorrow可知，從句表示的是對將來事實(shí)的虛擬，從句謂語動(dòng)詞的形式有三種，即weretodo,shoulddo,動(dòng)詞的過去式（be動(dòng)詞用were）。并且可將if去掉，將謂語動(dòng)詞放于主語前。故D項(xiàng)正確。句意：如果他明天出發(fā)，他周五將到達(dá)那里。

16.寫作題

WriteontheANSWERSHEETaletterofabout150wordsbasedonthefollowingsituation:

SupposeyouareinterestedinbeingavisitingscholaratNewYorkUniversity,theUnitedStates.Writeanapplicationletter,statingyourpersonalqualities,accomplishmentsandotherreasonswhyyouareamongthosebestsuitedtolearnatthatuniversity.

【答案】略

17.單選題

The215manuscript,circulatedtopublisherslastOctober,（

）anoutburstofinterest.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.flared

B.glittered

C.sparked

D.flashed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)flare“閃光，閃耀”；B選項(xiàng)glitter“閃閃發(fā)光，閃爍”；C選項(xiàng)spark“發(fā)動(dòng)，激起”；D選項(xiàng)flash“閃光，閃現(xiàn)”。句意：去年十月傳到出版商那兒的215頁的手稿激發(fā)起他們濃厚的興趣。根據(jù)句意，C選項(xiàng)正確。

18.翻譯題

1.Ahealthysystemofhighereducationoffersmanyrewards:scientificdiscoveries,eventualandevenunforeseenapplications,thoughtfulpoliticalleadership,intelligentpublicdiscourse,culturalvitality,andaneducatedworkforce.Higherlearningservesseveralgoalsincoordination,goalsthataremutuallyreinforcing.Theaimsareatoncepersonalandsocial,privateandpublic,economic,ethical,andintellectual.Ofcourse,highereducationhasautilitarianfunction.Inthatregard,asRobertBellah（羅伯特·貝拉）states,itpossesses"itsownlegitimacy".Yet,itiscrucialtocombineandintegratethatfunctionwithotheraimsandends,withwhatBellahcalls"educationforthedevelopmentofcharacter,citizenship,andculture.''

2.Whileitistruethatlivingorganismsareprofoundlyaffectedbytheirenvironment,itisequallyimportanttorememberthatmanyorganismsarealsocapableofalteringtheirhabitantsignificantly,sometimeslimitingtheirowngrowth.Theinfluenceofthebiologicalcomponentofanecosystemisoftengreaterinfreshwatersthanthatinmarineorterrestrialsystems,becauseofthesmallsizeofmanyfreshwaterbodies.

【答案】1.健康的高等教育系統(tǒng)提供許多獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)：科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)（最終甚至不可預(yù)見的應(yīng)用）、深思熟慮的政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、智慧的公共演講、文化活力以及受過教育的勞動(dòng)力。高等院校有以下幾個(gè)協(xié)調(diào)目標(biāo),這幾個(gè)目標(biāo)是相輔相成的。其目的在于個(gè)人與社會，私人和公共，經(jīng)濟(jì)、道德和智力之間的協(xié)調(diào)。當(dāng)然，高等教育具有實(shí)用功能。在這方面，正如羅伯特·貝拉指出的那樣，它擁有"自己的合法性"。然而，關(guān)鍵是要結(jié)合和整合其他意圖和目的的功能，就像貝拉所呼吁的那樣"教育為品格、公民身份和文化的發(fā)展服務(wù)"。

2.盡管生物會深受其環(huán)境的影響是確鑿無疑的，但同樣重要的是，我們應(yīng)記住，許多生物也能極大地改變它們的棲息地，從而在某些情況下限制著它們自身的生長。某一生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的生物組成部分的影響在淡水環(huán)境中往往要比在海洋或陸地系統(tǒng)中大，因?yàn)榈性S多生物體的身體尺寸都很小。

19.翻譯題

Themostintensiveformsofrurallanduseforagriculturalpurposesarethoseconcernedwithharvestablecropsorwiththeproductionofanimalproducts.Unlikeprimitiveagriculture,whichinvolvedonlythetemporaryremovalofnaturalvegetationanddependedforashortperiodoftimenaturalsoilfertility,conventionalagriculturetodayuseslargeinputsofchemicals,energyandtechnicalskillstoproduceincreasedyieldsofcropsoranimals.Inthetechnologicallyadvancedcountriesfoodproductionisoftengreaterthanpopulationgrowth,anditispossibletoretireformerfarmlandsfromuseandtoproducecropsaccordingtodemandwithoutapproachingthemaximumyieldsobtainable.Theso-calledGreenRevolutionhasbeenbasedonthespreadsuchfarmingmethodstolessdevelopednationoftheworld.Ithasbeenmadepossiblebythebreedingofhigh-yieldingformsofgrainspecificallyadaptedtotheecologicalconditionsofthecountriesinvolved.Thedecisiontouseanareaoflandforhigh-yieldagricultureessentiallyrulesoutitsuseforattarpurposes.Theintensiveproductionoffarmcropsinanagriculturalregionmayalsohavesideeffects;ashasbeenpreviouslynoted,thesemayincludethepollutionofotherthepesticides,herbicides,orotheragriculturalchemicalsblownorwashedfromfarmlandsaffectvegetationandanimallifeelsewhere.Nevertheless,committinganareatointensiveagriculturalproductiondoesnotruleoutitsfuturerestorationforotheruses.Aslongasthesoilsarewellcaredfor,suchareascanbeconvenedquicklytootherpurposesifitisnotnecessarytokeeptheminfarmproduction.AbandonedfarmlandsinthesouthernUnitedStates,forexample,arenowhighlyproductiveforestareas,andformerfanninglandselsewherearebeingusedtosupportwildlifeandoutdoorrecreation.Ingeneralplanningforconservationofnaturalresources,intensiveuseandhighproductioninthoseareasbestsuitedforfarmingmustbeofcourse,thatthepollutingeffectsoftheseactivitiesonthegeneralenvironmentareavoided.Suchconcentrationcansparethedestructionofotherresourcesthroughtouseinadequatelandsformarginalfarmingactivities.

【答案】最密集的農(nóng)業(yè)用途的農(nóng)村土地使用形式與提高農(nóng)作物或者動(dòng)物產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量有關(guān)。原始農(nóng)業(yè)涉及的僅僅是自然植被的臨時(shí)遷移，還有短時(shí)間內(nèi)依靠自然土壤的肥力，與之不同的是，今天的傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)使用大量的化學(xué)品，能源還有技術(shù)技能，從而農(nóng)作物和動(dòng)物產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量得到很大的提高。技術(shù)先進(jìn)國家食物產(chǎn)量的增長往往比人口增長快，并有可能讓之前的農(nóng)田荒廢，根據(jù)需求生產(chǎn)作物，避免其索取接近最高產(chǎn)量。所謂的綠色革命一直立足于向世界欠發(fā)達(dá)國家傳播這種耕作方式。通過播種適應(yīng)于當(dāng)?shù)厣鷳B(tài)環(huán)境的高產(chǎn)作物可能實(shí)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)。決定使用某個(gè)地方來種植高產(chǎn)農(nóng)作物后，基本排除了將這個(gè)地方做其他用途。農(nóng)業(yè)地區(qū)的集約化農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)也有副作用；之前已經(jīng)提到過，這些可能包括其他地區(qū)的污染比如農(nóng)藥、除草劑或者從其他農(nóng)田風(fēng)刮過來或者沖過來的農(nóng)用化學(xué)品，這些都會影響到其他地方的植被和動(dòng)物。然而，將一個(gè)地區(qū)專項(xiàng)集約化農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)并不排除將來將其恢復(fù)用于其他用途。只要土壤被保護(hù)得好，這些地區(qū)能夠很快被轉(zhuǎn)換到其他目的，其他是沒有必要再讓它們用于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。例如，美國南部的棄耕地，現(xiàn)在是高生產(chǎn)力的森林地區(qū)，其他前耕作土地正在用來支持野生動(dòng)物和戶外休閑。對自然資源的保護(hù)，針對最適合耕種的區(qū)域的集約化利用和高產(chǎn)量的總體規(guī)劃當(dāng)然應(yīng)該避免這些活動(dòng)對環(huán)境的污染。這種集中通過利用邊際農(nóng)業(yè)活動(dòng)中使用不足的土地可以免除對其他資源的破壞。

20.單選題

We’reinthemiddleofanepicbattleforpowerincyberspace.Ononesidearethetraditional,organized,institutionalpowerssuchasgovernmentsandlargemultinationalcorporations.Ontheotherarethedistributed:grassrootsmovements,dissidentgroups,hackers,andcriminals.Initially，theInternetempoweredthelatter.Itgavethemaplacetocoordinateandcommunicateefficiently,andmadethemseeminvincible.Butnow,themoretraditionalinstitutionalpowersarewinning,andwinningbig.Howthesetwosidesfareinthelongterm,andthefateoftherestofuswhodon’tfallintoeithergroup,isanopenquestion—andonevitallyimportanttothefutureoftheInternet.

IntheInternet’searlydays,therewasalotoftalkaboutits“naturallaws”一howitwouldtransformtraditionalpowerblocks,empowerthemasses,andspreadfreedomthroughouttheworld.TheinternationalnatureoftheInternetcircumventednationallaws.Anonymitywaseasy.Censorshipwasimpossible.Policewerecluelessaboutcybercrime.Andbiggerchangesseemedinevitable.Digitalcashwouldunderminenationalsovereignty.Citizenjournalismwouldtoppletraditionalmedia,corporatePR,andpoliticalparties.Theeaseofdigitalcopyingwoulddestroythetraditionalmovieandmusicindustries.Webmarketingwouldalloweventhesmallestcompaniestocompeteagainstcorporategiants.Itreallywouldbeanewworldorder.

Thiswasautopianvision,butsomeofitdidcometopass.Internetmarketinghastransformedcommerce.TheentertainmentindustrieshavebeentransformedbythingslikeMySpaceandYouTube,andarenowmoreopentooutsiders.Massmediahaschangeddramatically,andsomeofthemostinfluentialpeopleinthemediahavecomefromthebloggingworld.Therearenewwaystoorganizepoliticallyandrunelections.FacebookandTwitterreallydidhelpdisruptgovernments.

ButthatisjustonesideoftheInternet’sdisruptivecharacter.TheInternethasemboldenedtraditionalpoweraswell.

Onthecorporateside,powerisbeingconsolidated,aresultoftwocurrenttrendsincomputing.First,theriseofcloudcomputingmeansthatwenolongerhavecontrolofourdata.Andsecond,weareincreasinglyaccessingourdatausingdevicesthatwehavemuchlesscontrolover：iPhones,iPads,Androidphones,Kindles,ChromeBooks.Unliketraditionaloperatingsystems,thesedevicesarecontrolledmuchmoretightlybythevendors,wholimitwhatsoftwarecanberun,whattheycando,howthey’reupdated.

1.IntheInternetbattle,thegrassrootsmovement（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor，inthefutureakeyInternetissuewillbe

（

）.

3.“Naturallaws”refersto

（

）.

4.LackofsurveillanceovertheInternetwouldlikely

（

）.

5.Onlinemediahas

（

）.

6.Wenowhavelesscontroloverthedataweusebecause（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.experiencedanepicfailure

B.graduallybecameinvincible

C.previouslybeatinstitutionalforces

D.distributedpowertodissidentgroups

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.whichsidehasthetechnologicalresources

B.whathappenstothosewhoremainneutral

C.whichsideisgoodatcommunications

D.whatfinancialresourcesareavailable

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thefastexpansionofInternet

B.thetraditionalpowerstructure

C.nationallawstoregulatetheInternet

D.lackofcontrolontheInternet

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.strengthennationalsecurity

B.devastatethetraditionalfilmindustry

C.providemoreinformationtothepolice

D.handicapthedevel