考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山西警察學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山西警察學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Unfortunately,aftercompletingthesecondvolume,Manchester'shealthdeclinedandtherestoftheprojectstalled.Sogreatwaspublicinterestinthelong-delayedfinalvolumethatitwasthesubjectofafrontpagestoryinTheNewYorkTimes.

Eventually,in2003,ManchesteraskedhisfriendPaulReidtocompletethetrilogy.Now,nearlyadecadelater,ReidhaspublishedTheLastLion,thefinalpieceofthismonumentalundertaking.ReidstartswhenChurchillwasappointedprimeministerinMay1940andfollowshimthroughhisdeathin1965.WhilemostofthisvolumeisappropriatelydevotedtoWorldWarII,italsoincludesthevastexpansionoftheBritishwelfarestatefollowingthewar,thestartoftheColdWarandtheenormousdangersitcarried,andthelossoftheBritishEmpire.

Reidhaswrittenathoroughandcompleteanalysisoftheseyears,anditisaworthyfinaletothefirsttwovolumes.Exhaustivelyresearchedandcarefullywritten,itdrawsonafullrangeofprimaryandsecondarymaterials.Thisbookwillbeessentialreadingforthosewhoenjoyedthefirsttwovolumesandthosewithadeepinterestinunderstandingthisseminalfigureandhisplaceinhistory.

ReiddoesawonderfuljobofcapturingChurchillinallhiscomplexity.HegivesChurchillgreatpraiseforhispersonalcourageandinspirationalleadershipduringthedarkdayswhenBritainstoodalone,butheisequallyclearaboutChurchill'spoorstrategicjudgments,suchastheeffortstodefendGreeceandCrete,theAlliedassaultonAnzio,andthedecisiontosendthebattleshipPrinceofWalesandWinstonChurchillwasoneofthecentralstatesmenofthe20thcenturyand,almost50yearsafterhisdeath,remainsasubjectofenduringfascination.Partofthecurrentinterestinthisvenerablefigurecanbeattributedtotwosuperbbiographieswritteninthe1980sbyhistorianWilliamManchester:TheLastLion:VisionsofGloryandTheLastLion:Alone.Thesetwobooksexaminedthefirsttwo-thirdsofChurchill'slife.

battlecruiserRepulsetotheSouthChinaSeawithoutadequateaircoverwheretheywerepromptlysunkbytheJapanese.

HehighlightsChurchill'snaiveteindealingwithSovietPremierStalinintheearlyyearsofthewar,butpraiseshisprescienceinanticipatingStalin'slandgrabinEasternEuropeattheendoftheconflict.Reidalsogiveswelcomeattentiontoaspectsofthewar—suchasChurchill'sfearthattheUnitedStatesmightdecidetoputitsprimaryemphasisondefeatingJapanregardlessofthe“Germanyfirst”understandinghesharedwithRooseveltthathavereceivedlittleattentioninotherbooks.

1.WhatcanbeknownaboutthetwobiographiesofChurchill?

2.WhydidthebiographyoncebecomeafrontpagestoryintheNewYorkTimes?

3.Whydoesthethirdvolumeprovetobeworthy?

4.WhatcanweknowaboutChurchillthroughthethirdvolume?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theywerewritteninaninterestingstyle.

B.TheywerewrittenpriortoChurchill'sdeath.

C.Theyaremainlywrittenfromahistoricalpointofview.

D.Theyhavehelpedintriguethereadersoveralongperiod.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplewerelookingforwardtothepublicationofthefinalvolume.

B.Readerswereangrywiththeauthorforthedelayofthefinalvolume.

C.Thepublicationofthefinalvolumewasthenaheatedlydiscussedissue.

D.Readerswantedtoknowwhowouldbethenewauthorofthefinalvolume.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itiswidelyreadandwelcomedbyreaders.

B.ItinvolvesenoughdetailsinChurchill'slife.

C.Itisbasedonthoroughandreliableresearch.

D.ItoffersauniqueunderstandingofChurchill.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Heisamanwithcomplexity.

B.HepulledBritainthroughWWII.

C.Hemademanystrategicmistakes.

D.Heiscourageousandinspirational

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.WhatcanbeknownaboutthetwobiographiesofChurchill?1.關(guān)于這兩本丘吉爾傳記，我們知道些什么？

A.Theywerewritteninaninterestingstyle.A.它們是用一種有趣的風(fēng)格寫(xiě)的。

B.TheywerewrittenpriortoChurchill’sdeath.B.這些都是丘吉爾死前寫(xiě)的。

C.Theyaremainlywrittenfromahistoricalpointofview.C.它們主要是從歷史的角度寫(xiě)的。

D.Theyhavehelpedintriguethereadersoveralongperiod.D.在很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間里，它們激起了讀者的興趣。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容：不幸的是，在完成第二卷后，曼徹斯特的健康狀況下降了，第三卷也停滯了。公眾對(duì)拖延已久的最后一卷非常感興趣，以至于它成了《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》頭版報(bào)道的主題。從中可知，在完成第二卷后，因?yàn)槁鼜厮固氐慕】禒顩r所以第三部遲遲沒(méi)有動(dòng)靜，公眾對(duì)這最后一卷很感興趣，以至于它成為了《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》頭版報(bào)道主題；綜合理解可知，這說(shuō)明前兩部傳記在很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間里都激起了讀者的興趣。D選項(xiàng)符合題干。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“它們是用一種有趣的風(fēng)格寫(xiě)的”和C選項(xiàng)“它們主要是從歷史的角度寫(xiě)的”在文中沒(méi)有提及，無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“這些都是丘吉爾死前寫(xiě)的”根據(jù)第一段可知，丘吉爾的兩部傳記寫(xiě)于20世紀(jì)80年代，而在第三段提到丘吉爾是1965年去世的，所以丘吉爾傳記是在他死后寫(xiě)的，該項(xiàng)反向干擾。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.WhydidthebiographyoncebecomeafrontpagestoryintheNewYorkTimes?2.為什么這本傳記曾經(jīng)成為《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》的頭版新聞？

A.Peoplewerelookingforwardtothepublicationofthefinalvolume.A.人們期待著最后一卷的出版。

B.Readerswereangrywiththeauthorforthedelayofthefinalvolume.B.讀者對(duì)作者推遲出版最后一卷感到憤怒。

C.Thepublicationofthefinalvolumewasthenaheatedlydiscussedissue.C.最后一卷的出版是當(dāng)時(shí)熱烈討論的問(wèn)題。

D.Readerswantedtoknowwhowouldbethenewauthorofthefinalvolume.D.讀者們想知道誰(shuí)將成為最后一卷的新作者。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第二段最后一句“公眾對(duì)拖延已久的最后一卷非常感興趣，以至于它成了《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》頭版報(bào)道的主題”，理解可知，這本傳記曾經(jīng)成為《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》的頭版新聞的原因是，人們對(duì)最后一卷興趣濃厚，故該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“讀者對(duì)作者推遲出版最后一卷感到憤怒”與原文相反，反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“最后一卷的出版是當(dāng)時(shí)熱烈討論的問(wèn)題”和D選項(xiàng)“讀者們想知道誰(shuí)將成為最后一卷的新作者”沒(méi)有提及，無(wú)中生有。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Whydoesthethirdvolumeprovetobeworthy?3.為什么第三卷是有價(jià)值的？

A.Itiswidelyreadandwelcomedbyreaders.A.它被讀者廣泛閱讀和歡迎。

B.ItinvolvesenoughdetailsinChurchill’slife.B.它包含了丘吉爾生活的足夠多的細(xì)節(jié)。

C.Itisbasedonthoroughandreliableresearch.C.它是建立在深入可靠的研究基礎(chǔ)上的。

D.ItoffersauniqueunderstandingofChurchill.D.它提供了對(duì)丘吉爾的獨(dú)特理解。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第四段前兩句“里德對(duì)這幾年寫(xiě)了一篇透徹而完整的分析，這是前兩卷的一個(gè)有價(jià)值的結(jié)尾。經(jīng)過(guò)詳盡的研究和仔細(xì)的編寫(xiě)，它借鑒了全面的一手和二手資料?！保斫饪芍?，因?yàn)榈谌硎橇⒆阌谌婵尚械恼{(diào)查研究之上，所以它是有價(jià)值的。C項(xiàng)符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“它被讀者廣泛閱讀和歡迎”和D選項(xiàng)“它提供了對(duì)丘吉爾的獨(dú)特理解”沒(méi)有提到，無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“它包含了丘吉爾生活的足夠多的細(xì)節(jié)”與原文不符，第三卷的大量篇幅都是用來(lái)描述第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以及戰(zhàn)后面臨的危險(xiǎn)，并沒(méi)有描述丘吉爾的生活，曲解原文。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.WhatcanweknowaboutChurchillthroughthethirdvolume?4.通過(guò)第三卷，我們能了解丘吉爾什么？

A.Heisamanwithcomplexity.A.他是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的人。

B.HepulledBritainthroughWWII.B.他帶領(lǐng)英國(guó)度過(guò)了第二次世界大戰(zhàn)。

C.Hemademanystrategicmistake.C.他犯了許多戰(zhàn)略錯(cuò)誤。

D.Heiscourageousandinspirational.D.他是勇敢的和鼓舞人心的。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句“里德出色地描述了丘吉爾的復(fù)雜性”，以及后面對(duì)丘吉爾復(fù)雜性的說(shuō)明，可推斷，通過(guò)第三卷我們可以了解到丘吉爾的復(fù)雜性。故該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“他帶領(lǐng)英國(guó)度過(guò)了第二次世界大戰(zhàn)”、C選項(xiàng)“他犯了許多戰(zhàn)略錯(cuò)誤”和D選項(xiàng)“他是勇敢的和鼓舞人心的”都是包括在A(yíng)選項(xiàng)內(nèi)的，以偏概全。

2.單選題

Thekitchenwassmalland（）sothatthedisabledwomancouldreacheverythingwithoutdifficulty.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.complex

B.complete

C.compact

D.composite

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。complex"復(fù)合的,復(fù)雜的";complete"完整的,徹底的";compact"緊湊的,簡(jiǎn)潔的";composite"混合的,綜合的"。句意：廚房小而緊湊，殘疾婦女可以毫不費(fèi)力地夠到任何東西。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

3.單選題

Theskierswouldrather（

）throughthemountainsthangobybus.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.totravelbytrain

B.traveledbytrain

C.travelbytrain

D.travelingbytrain

【答案】C

【解析】句意:這些滑雪者寧可坐火車(chē)穿越群山而不愿意坐公交。

考查固定搭配。wouldratherdosth.寧愿、寧可、最好…。

4.單選題

Letchildrenlearntojudgetheirownwork.Achildlearningtotalkdoesnotlearnbybeingcorrectedallthetimeifcorrectedtoomuch,hewillstoptalking.Henoticesathousandtimesadaythedifferencebetweenthelanguageheusesandthelanguagethosearoundhimuse.Bitbybit,hemakesthenecessarychangestomakehislanguagelikeotherpeople’s.Inthesameway,whenchildrenlearntodoalltheotherthingstheylearntodowithoutbeingtaughttowalk,run,climb,whistle,rideabicycle—comparethoseperformanceswiththoseofmoreskilledpeople,andslowlymaketheneededchanges.Butinschoolwenevergiveachildachancetofindouthisownmistakesforhimself,letalonecorrectthem.Wedoitallforhim.Weactasifwethoughtthathewouldnevernoticeamistakeunlessitwaspointedouttohimorcorrectitunlesshewasmadeto.Soonhebecomesdependentontheteacher.Lethimdoithimself.Lethimworkout,withthehelpofotherchildrenifhewantsit,whatthiswordsays,whatansweristothatproblem,whetherthisisagoodwayofsayingordoingthisornot.

Ifitisamatterofrightanswers,asitmaybeinmathematicsorscience,givehimtheanswerbook.Lethimcorrecthisownpapers.Whyshouldweteacherswastetimeonsuchroutinework?Ourjobshouldbetohelpthechildwhenhetellsusthathecan’tfindthewaytogettherightanswer.Let'sendthisnonsenseofgrades,exams,marks.Letusthrowthemallout,andletthechildrenlearnwhatalleducatedpersonsmustsomedaylearn,howtomeasuretheirownunderstanding,howtoknowwhattheyknowordonotknow.

Letthemgetonwiththisjobinthewaythatseemsmostsensibletothem,withourhelpasschoolteachersiftheyaskforit.Theideathatthereisabodyofknowledgetobelearntatschoolandusedfortherestofone’slifeisnonsenseinaworldascomplicatedandrapidlychangingasours.Anxiousparentsandteacherssay,"Butsupposetheyfailtolearnsomethingessentialsomethingtheywillneedtogetintheworld?Don'tworry!Ifitisessentialtheywillgooutintotheworldandlearnit.

1.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisthebestwayforchildrentolearnthings?

2.Thepassagesuggeststhatlearningtospeakandlearningtorideabicycleare（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorthinksteachersinschoolshould

（

）.

4.Theauthorbelievestheteachersroleinchildren’slearningshouldbe

（

）.

5.Thetitleofthispassagecouldprobablybe（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Byimitatingwhatotherpeopledo.

B.Bymakingmistakesandhavingthemcorrected.

C.Bylisteningtoexplanationsfromskilledpeople.

D.Byaskingagreatmanyquestions.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.notreallyimportantskills

B.moreimportantthanotherskills

C.basicallythesameaslearningotherskills

D.basicallydifferentfromlearningadultskills

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.allowchildrentolearnbyhimselforherself

B.pointoutchildren’smistakeswheneverthey'refound

C.correctchildren’smistakesassoonaspossible

D.givechildrenmorebookknowledge

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theidentifierandcorrectoroftheirerrors

B.theirhelperandguide

C.thepersontogradetheirperformanceandgivefeedbacks

D.thepersontopassonsomethingessentialtothem

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.LetTeachersStopWork

B.LetUsMakeChildrenLearn

C.LetChildrenCorrectTheirOwnPapers

D.LetChildrenLearnbyThemselves

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由文章第一段中Henoticesathousandtimesadaythedifferencebetweenthelanguageheusesandthelanguagethosearoundheinuse.Bitbybit,hemakesthenecessarychangestomakehislanguagelikeotherpeople’s.（他每天都注意到他所使用的語(yǔ)言和他周?chē)氖褂玫恼Z(yǔ)言之間的差異。一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地，他做了必要的改變，使他的語(yǔ)言像其他人的一樣）可知作者認(rèn)為孩子可以通過(guò)模仿他人學(xué)習(xí)東西，因此選A。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由文章第一段中Inthesameway（以同樣的方式）,whenchildrenlearntodoalltheotherthingstheylearntodowithoutbeingtaughttowalk,run,climb,whistle,rideabicycle可知選C。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中Lethimdoithimself.Lethimworkout,withthehelpofotherchildrenifhewantsit,whatthiswordsays,whatansweristothatproblem,whetherthisisagoodwayofsayingordoingthisornot.可知作者認(rèn)為教師應(yīng)該允許孩子自己學(xué)習(xí)，因此選A。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段中Ourjobshouldbetohelpthechildwhenhetellsusthathecan’tfindthewaytogettherightanswer.（當(dāng)孩子告訴我們他找不到正確答案的時(shí)候，我們的工作應(yīng)該是幫助他）可推測(cè)教師的角色應(yīng)該是學(xué)生的幫助者與指導(dǎo)者。

第5題:主旨大意題。文章主要講述了學(xué)生應(yīng)該自己學(xué)習(xí)，而不是被糾正與灌輸式的學(xué)習(xí)，教師起幫助與指導(dǎo)的作用，因此選D。

5.問(wèn)答題

Butthemostimportantlessonofthisoftenunhappymodernworldis(A)progresscomesfromplanning.(B)Ignorance(C)aboutone’scareerisnot(D)blissandreasonisbetterthanchanceandfate.

【答案】A；“progress”前添加“that”。

【解析】考查從句。句意：但是在這個(gè)經(jīng)常不快樂(lè)的現(xiàn)代世界中，最重要的教訓(xùn)就是：進(jìn)步來(lái)自計(jì)劃。對(duì)自己的職業(yè)一無(wú)所知并不是一種福氣，并且理性勝于機(jī)遇和命運(yùn)。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，第一句中句子的主語(yǔ)為“themostimportantlessonofthisoftenunhappymodernworld”，系動(dòng)詞為“is”，其后的從句“progresscomesfromplanning”為表語(yǔ)從句，需用引導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。所以在從句前添加引導(dǎo)詞“that”。

6.單選題

Theintegrationofstafffortraininghasledtoagoodexchangeofideas,greaterenthusiasm,andhigherstaff（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.moral

B.mortal

C.morale

D.mores

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)moral“道德；寓意”；B選項(xiàng)mortal“人類(lèi)，凡人”；C選項(xiàng)morale“士氣，斗志”；D選項(xiàng)mores“習(xí)慣；風(fēng)俗；道德觀(guān)念”。句意：?jiǎn)T工集中培訓(xùn)已帶來(lái)了更好的思想交流、更大的熱情和更高的員工士氣。由題干中的“staff員工”、“agoodexchangeofideas更好的思想交流”和“greaterenthusiasm更大的熱情”可知“士氣”符合語(yǔ)境，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.翻譯題

修剪樹(shù)木可能是為了確保樹(shù)木有一個(gè)所要求的形狀或大小。

傳統(tǒng)上，電視一直是一種大眾轉(zhuǎn)播傳媒。我們對(duì)電視最熟悉，因?yàn)樗砸环N相似的形式存在近50年了。

你可以相信，一個(gè)作家付出的努力越大，寫(xiě)作效果就會(huì)越好，得到的回報(bào)也就越大。

一個(gè)婦女當(dāng)她扮演起多重角色的時(shí)候，她會(huì)感到更加幸福。

很明顯，在一種體制下，如果每一項(xiàng)決定都只是根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)習(xí)慣來(lái)做，那么，社會(huì)就會(huì)很難進(jìn)步。

【答案】Thepurposeofpruningtreesistoensurethatthetreeshaveadesignedshapeorsize.

Traditionally,TVhadbeenakindofpopularbroadcastmedia.Wearemostfamiliarwithtelevision,foritisasimilarformofexistencefornearly50years.

Itisbelievedthatthemoreeffortawritermakesthebettereffecthewouldobtainandthegreaterresultshewillreceive.

Awomanwhoplaysmanyroleswouldfeelhappier.

Obviously,inasystem,ifeverydecisionmakingisbasedontraditionalhabits,thesocietywouldbeverydifficulttodevelop.

8.單選題

The“EchoHouse”willdemonstratehowwecanlivewithhighlyefficientinsulation,solarheating,energyefficient______andorganicgardening.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.applicators

B.applications

C.applicants

D.appliances

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)applicators“涂藥器；敷帖器；上涂裝置”；B選項(xiàng)applications“應(yīng)用；申請(qǐng)；應(yīng)用程序；敷用；（對(duì)事物、學(xué)習(xí)等）投入”；C選項(xiàng)applicants“申請(qǐng)人，申請(qǐng)者；請(qǐng)求者”；D選項(xiàng)appliances“器具；器械；裝置；應(yīng)用”。原句中有幾個(gè)并列成分：highlyefficientinsulation，solarheating，energyefficient____，和organicgardening，根據(jù)上下文，這些都是與生存環(huán)境有關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)，因此我們不難排除掉與此無(wú)關(guān)的選項(xiàng)A選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)。另外，原句中的幾個(gè)并列成分都是具體名詞。因此可以推斷B選項(xiàng)application“應(yīng)用；申請(qǐng)；應(yīng)用程序；敷用；（對(duì)事物、學(xué)習(xí)等）投入”與題意不符。句意：“回音屋”將向我們展示如何使用高效隔熱、太陽(yáng)能飲食、節(jié)能電器和有機(jī)園藝來(lái)生活。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Throughtheyears,ourviewofwhatleadershipisandwhocanexerciseithaschangedconsiderably.Leadershipcompetencieshaveremainedconstant,butourunderstandingofwhatitis,howitworks,andthewaysinwhichpeoplelearntoapplyithasshifted.Wedohavethebeginningofageneraltheoryofleadership,fromhistoryandsocialresearchandaboveallfromthethoughtsofreflectivepractitionerssuchasMoses,JuliusCaesar,andJamesMadison,andinourowntimefromsuchdisparatesourcesofwisdomasGandhi,WinstonChurchill,MaoTse-tung,andHenryKissinger,whohaveverylittleincommonexceptthattheyhavenotbeentherebuttriedwithsomefairnesstospeculateonpaperaboutit.

Buttalesandreflectiveobservationarenotenoughexcepttoconvinceusthatleadersarephysicallystrongandabnormallyhardworkers.Todaywearealittleclosertounderstandinghowandwhopeoplelead,butitwasn'teasygettingthere.Decadesofacademicanalysishavegivenusmorethan350definitionsofleadership.Literallythousandsofempiricalinvestigationsofleadershavebeenconductedinthelast75yearsalone,butnoclearunderstandingexistsastowhatdistinguishesleadersfromnon-leaders,andperhapsmoreimportant,whatdistinguisheseffectiveleadersfromineffectiveleadersandeffectiveorganizationsfromineffectiveorganizations.

Neverhavesomanylaboredsolongtosaysolittle.Multipleinterpretationsofleadershipexist,eachprovidingafragmentofinsightbuteachremaininganincompleteandwhollyinadequateexplanation.Mostofthesedefinitionsdon'tagreewitheachother,andmanyofthemwouldseemquiteremotetotheleaderswhoseskillsarebeingexamined.Definitionsreflectfashions,politicaltidesandacademictrends.Theydon'talwaysreflectrealityandsometimestheyjustrepresentnonsense.It'sasifwhatBraqueoncesaidaboutartisalsotrueofleadership:"Theonlythingthatmattersinartisthepartthatcannotbeexplained."

Manytheoriesofleadershiphavecomeandgone.Somelookedattheleader.Somelookedatthesituation.Nonehasstoodthetestoftime.Withsuchatrackrecord,itisunderstandablewhyleadershipresearchandtheoryhavebeensofrustratingastodeservethelabel"thelaBreaTarPits"oforganizationalinquiry.LocatedinLosAngeles,theseasphaltpitshousetheremainsofalongsequenceofprehistoricanimalsthatcametoinvestigatebutneverleftthearea.

1.Severalbignamesarementionedinthefirstparagraphmainlytoshowtheir（）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,people'sopinionsofleadershipareonthewholequite（）.

3.Thewriterthinksthat（）.

4."ThelaBreaTarPits"probablysignifiesthingsthat（）.

5.Thispassageismainlyconcernedwith（）?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.differentstylesofleadership

B.effectiveexerciseofleadership

C.contributionstothetheoryofleadership

D.wisdominapplyingthetheoryofleadership

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.divided

B.original

C.misleading

D.sophisticated

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.manypeoplehavelaboredtobeleaders

B.leadersarebeyondourunderstanding

C.theessenceofleadershiphasnotbeengrasped

D.thedefinitionsofleadershipshouldvary

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.canbetracedbacktotheprehistoricage

B.aretrapsforthosewhowanttoinquire

C.arelocatedinoneplaceforever

D.don'tdeservefullinvestigation

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theinaccuratedefinitionsofleadership

B.thefamousleadersandtheirtheories

C.thechangesinthetrendofleadership

D.theinconsistenttheoriesofleadership

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢(xún)問(wèn)：第一段中提到這幾位偉人的名字是為了表明什么？根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段，由第一段最后一句可知，我們對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的初識(shí)源于歷史和社會(huì)的研究，尤其是從反思性實(shí)踐者的思想而來(lái)，譬如摩西、凱撒大帝和詹姆斯?麥迪遜；在我們自己的時(shí)代就來(lái)源于甘地、溫斯頓?丘吉爾、毛澤東和亨利?基辛格等人的截然不同的思想。由此可知，第一段提及多位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的目的，是想表明他們對(duì)于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力理論的貢獻(xiàn)。因此本題正確答案選C。

2.觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干詢(xún)問(wèn)：作者認(rèn)為，人們對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的看法總體上是怎樣的。根據(jù)原文第三段Multipleinterpretationsofleadershipexist...以及Mostofthesedefinitionsdon'tagreewitheachother可知，人們對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力存在多種解釋并且大多數(shù)的定義都不一致。因此，作者認(rèn)為人們對(duì)于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的觀(guān)點(diǎn)是分化的，故本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

3.觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由原文第二段Decadesofacademicanalysishavegivenusmorethan350definitionsofleadership.Literallythousandsofempiricalinvestigationsofleadershavebeenconductedinthelast75yearsalone,butnoclearunderstandingexistsastowhatdistinguishesleadersfromnon-leaders,andperhapsmoreimportant,whatdistinguisheseffectiveleadersfromineffectiveleadersandeffectiveorganizationsfromineffectiveorganizations.可知，幾十年的學(xué)術(shù)分析為我們提供了350多種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的定義。僅在過(guò)去的75年里，人們就對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者進(jìn)行了成千上萬(wàn)的實(shí)證研究，但對(duì)于如何區(qū)分領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者和非領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，或許更重要的是如何區(qū)分有效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者和無(wú)效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，以及有效的組織和無(wú)效的組織，卻沒(méi)有明確的認(rèn)識(shí)。由此可知，C選項(xiàng)“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的本質(zhì)還沒(méi)有被掌握”符合題意，故本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

4.詞匯題。將thelaBreaTarPits定位到原文最后一段，由后文信息LocatedinLosAngeles,theseasphaltpitshousetheremainsofalongsequenceofprehistoricanimalsthatcametoinvestigatebutneverleftthearea.可知，這些瀝青坑位于洛杉磯，里面存放著一長(zhǎng)串史前動(dòng)物的遺骸，這些動(dòng)物前來(lái)調(diào)查，但從未離開(kāi)過(guò)這個(gè)地區(qū)。由此可知，這些瀝青坑是那些想要問(wèn)問(wèn)題的人的陷阱。故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

5.主旨大意題。文章第一段講述了多年來(lái)，我們對(duì)什么是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)以及誰(shuí)能行使領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職能的看法發(fā)生了很大變化；第二段雖然我們對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的認(rèn)識(shí)有了更進(jìn)一步的認(rèn)識(shí)，但是這樣的研究還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠；最后兩段講了關(guān)于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的解釋五花八門(mén)，但這些解釋都不充分且互相抵觸，許多理論都只是暫時(shí)的，經(jīng)不住時(shí)間的考驗(yàn)。由此可知，文章主要闡述的是對(duì)于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的理論不一致，故本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)。

10.翻譯題

Whethertheyaremaleorfemale,adolescentsfeellikedecidingoneverythingthemselvesinspiteofparents’instruction,especiallywhentheyfaceproblemslikesex,mentalstress,etc.,whichmakethemfeelashamedandembarrassed.Thustheyoftenautomaticallygetintotroublesduetotheirimperfectcomprehensionandjudgment.Someareaddictedtocigarettes,onlyseveralpacketsofwhichwillhurttheirlingsandmakethembreathlessquickly.Othercan’tquitdrinkingalcohol,whoseharmfuleffectsincludescausingyoungpregnantwomentoabortorgivebirthtoabnormalbabies.Theworstisdrugabuse,forthewithdrawalistoughoncetheirbodiesareaccustomedtothedrugs.Meanwhile,thosewhoshareneedlesboughtfromillegalchemistsareatgreatriskofbeinginfectedwithdesperateAIDS.Ifso,neitherinjectingnortakingpillscanguaranteetheirsurvival.

However,don’tbedisappointedatorhaveprejudiceagainstourchildrensoeasily.Afterall,beingawkwardisanappendixofyouth.Aslongaswestrengthencommunicationwiththeminsteadofonlybanningthisorbanningthat,wewillsurelyhelpthemavoidanythingunfit.

【答案】參考譯文：

不論男女，青少年們都喜歡不顧家長(zhǎng)的指導(dǎo)，自己對(duì)一切作決定，特別是當(dāng)他們面對(duì)如性、心理壓力等等一些使他們覺(jué)得羞愧和尷尬的問(wèn)題時(shí)更是如此。因此，由于他們理解力和判斷力的不足，他們常常會(huì)無(wú)意識(shí)地陷入困境中。有的對(duì)香煙上癮，只要幾包就會(huì)對(duì)他們的肺造成損害，使他們很容易就氣喘吁吁；有的沒(méi)法戒酒，喝酒帶來(lái)的不良后果包括造成年輕的懷孕女性流產(chǎn)或生下不正常的嬰兒；最糟糕的是濫用毒品，因?yàn)橐坏┧麄兊纳眢w對(duì)毒品習(xí)慣了，要想戒毒就相當(dāng)困難了。同時(shí)，那些共用從非法藥劑師處購(gòu)買(mǎi)的注射器的青少年還承擔(dān)著感染令人絕望的艾滋病的極大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。一旦感染上，不管是打針還是吃藥都沒(méi)法保證他們的生存了。

然而，請(qǐng)不要輕易就對(duì)我們的孩子失望或抱有偏見(jiàn)，畢竟，不成熟是年輕的必然附屬品。只要我們加強(qiáng)和他們的溝通，而不是僅僅禁止這樣，不準(zhǔn)那樣，我們一定能幫助他們避開(kāi)不健康的東西。

11.單選題

Thestudyofgeneticshasgivenrisetoaprofitablenewindustrycalledbiotechnology.Asthename（1）,itcombinesbiologyandmodemtechnologythroughsuch（2）asgeneticengineering.Someofthenewbiotechcompanies,astheyarecalled,（3）inagricultureandareworkingenthusiasticallytopatent（取得專(zhuān)利）seedsthatgiveahighyield（產(chǎn)量），that（4）disease,droughtandfrost,andthatreducetheneedfordangerouschemicals.（5）suchgoalscouldbeachieved,itwouldbemostbeneficial.Butsomehaveraised（6）aboutgeneticallyengineeredcrops.“Innature,geneticdiversity（多樣性）iscreatedwithincertainlimits,”saysthebookGeneticEngineering,FoodandOurEnvironment.“Arosecanbecrossed（雜交）withadifferentkindofrose,butarosewill（7）crosswithapotato...’’Geneticengineering,ontheotherhand,usuallyinvolvestakinggenesfromonespeciesandinsertingthemintoanotherinanattemptto（8）adesiredpropertyorcharacter.Thiscouldmean,（9）,selectingagenewhichleadstotheproductionofachemicalwithantifreezepropertiesfromanarcticfish,andjoiningitintoapotatoorstrawberrytomakeitfrost-resistant.Itisnowpossibleforplantstobeengineeredwithgenes（10）frombacteria,viruses,insects,animalsorevenhumans.（11）,then,biotechnologyallowshumanstobreakthegeneticwallsthat（12）species.

Likethegreenrevolution,（13）somecallthegenerevolution（14）totheproblemofgeneticuniformity（千篇一律）-somesayevenmoreso（15）geneticistscanemploytechniquessuch（16）cloningandorganculture,processesthatproduceperfectly（17）copies,orclones.Concernsaboutthebiodiversity,therefore,remain.Geneticallyalteredplants,however,raisenew（18）,suchastheeffectsthattheymayhaveonusandtheenvironment.“Weareflyingblindlyintoanew（19）ofagriculturalbiotechnologywithhighhopes,fewconstraints,andlittleideaofthepotential（20）,”saidsciencewriterJeremyRifkin.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.suggests

B.recalls

C.concerns

D.advises

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.concepts

B.views

C.techniques

D.courses?

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.participate

B.focus

C.specialize

D.involve

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.treat

B.avoid

C.oppose

D.resist

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.If

B.Unless

C.Since

D.As

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.demands

B.topics

C.concerns

D.lessons

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.sometimes

B.never

C.frequently

D.eventually

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.convey

B.transfer

C.select

D.collect

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.forexample

B.foronething

C.ononehand

D.inanycase

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.resulted

B.evolved

C.injected

D.taken

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.Incontrast

B.Inthat

C.Incase

D.Inessence

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.separate

B.form

C.create

D.vary

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.what

B.where

C.as

D.so

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.combines

B.contributes

C.commands

D.breaks

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.because

C.if

D.when

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.like

B.forexample

C.as

D.is

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.resembling

B.alike

C.similar

D.identical

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.issues

B.height

C.difficulties

D.goals

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.spot

B.era

C.deadline

D.scheme

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.navigations

B.mystery

C.outcomes

D.destinations

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:B

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:D

第11題:C

第12題:A

第13題:A

第14題:B

第15題:B

第16題:C

第17題:D

第18題:A

第19題:B

第20題:C

【解析】（1）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)文章第一句，可知thename指代第一句中的biotechnology，所以這個(gè)名字暗示了它是生物和現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的結(jié)合，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（2）查上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)上文，such指代前面提到的生物和現(xiàn)代技術(shù)，所以只有technique技術(shù)能概括前面的信息，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（3）動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。participatein“參加，分享”；focuson“集中于”；specializein“專(zhuān)門(mén)研究”；involvein“參與，涉及”。句意：一些新的生物科技公司，專(zhuān)門(mén)研究農(nóng)業(yè)方面的問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（4）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Treat“治療，對(duì)待”；avoid“避免”；oppose“反對(duì)，對(duì)抗”；resist“抵抗”。句意：能夠抵抗干旱、疾病和霜凍，并且減少對(duì)化學(xué)用品需求的種子。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（5）邏輯關(guān)系?？崭竦倪@句和下一句應(yīng)該是假設(shè)關(guān)系，if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，句意：如果這些目標(biāo)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)，那么將會(huì)是最大的好處。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（6）固定搭配。concernabout“對(duì)……擔(dān)心”，句意：一些人對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物越來(lái)越擔(dān)心。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（7）考查上下文語(yǔ)義。上文提到基因多樣性是在特定范圍內(nèi)創(chuàng)建的，“Arosecanbecrossed（雜交）withadifferentkindofrose”，玫瑰可以和其他不同種類(lèi)的玫瑰雜交，后面空格應(yīng)該是表示轉(zhuǎn)折，句意：但是玫瑰不能和土豆雜交。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（8）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。convey“運(yùn)達(dá)，傳輸”；transfer“轉(zhuǎn)移”；select“選擇”；collect“收集”。句意：從一種物種上獲取基因，然后將其植入到另一物種中，嘗試轉(zhuǎn)移一種希望得到的特性。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（9）考查上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)上下文，用北極魚(yú)防凍基因植入草莓土豆，使其也具有防凍特性的例子來(lái)說(shuō)明了基因轉(zhuǎn)移的過(guò)程。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（10）動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。resultedfrom“起因于”；evolvedfrom“演變而來(lái)”；injectedfrom“從……注射”；takenfrom“從……取出”。句意：現(xiàn)在用從病毒、細(xì)菌、昆蟲(chóng)、動(dòng)物乃至人體中提取的基因來(lái)改造植物是可能的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（11）詞組辨析。incontrast“與此相反”；inthat“因?yàn)椋捎凇?；incase“萬(wàn)一，假使”；inessence“本質(zhì)上”。句意：假使生物技術(shù)允許人類(lèi)打破基因墻。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（12）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。separate“分離，分開(kāi)”；form“構(gòu)成，形成”；create“創(chuàng)造，造成”；vary“改變，使多樣化”。句意：生物技術(shù)使人們打破分隔物種的基因壁壘。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（13）考查語(yǔ)法。空格應(yīng)該是主語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，句意：如同綠色革命一般，我們所說(shuō)的基因革命有助于解決基因千篇一律的問(wèn)題。有what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（14）固定搭配。contributeto“有助于”，句意：基因革命有助于解決基因千篇一律的問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（15）邏輯關(guān)系?？崭袂昂髽?gòu)成了因果關(guān)系。句意：因?yàn)檫z傳學(xué)者能采用技術(shù)，所以有助于解決基因千篇一律的問(wèn)題選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（16）固定搭配?？崭窈竺媸桥e了克隆和器官培養(yǎng)的例子，所以用suchas“比如”，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（17）形容詞詞義辨析。resembling“像”，不是形容詞，可排除；alike“相同的”；similar“相似的”；identical“同一的，完全相同的”。文中是指完全相同的基因復(fù)制和克隆。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（18）名詞詞義辨析。issues“問(wèn)題”；height“高度”；difficulties“困難”；goals“目標(biāo)”。句意：轉(zhuǎn)基因植物可能帶來(lái)新的問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（19）名詞詞義辨析。spot“地點(diǎn)”；era“時(shí)代，年代”；deadline“最后期限”；scheme“計(jì)劃”。句意：我們正盲目地飛向農(nóng)業(yè)生物科學(xué)技術(shù)的新時(shí)代。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（20）名詞詞義辨析。navigations“航?！保籱ystery“神秘”；outcomes“結(jié)果”；destinations“目的地”。句意：不知道會(huì)帶來(lái)什么樣的潛在結(jié)果。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

12.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Thehumanbrainishardwiredtomapoursurroundings.Thistraitiscalledspatialmemory—ourabilitytoremembercertainlocationsandwhereobjectsareinrelationtooneanother.NewfindingspublishedtodayinScientificReportssuggestthatonemajorfeatureofourspatialrecallisefficientlylocatinghigh-calorie,energy-richfood.Thestudy’sauthorsbelievehumanspatialmemoryensuredthatourhunter-gathererancestorscouldprioritizethelocationofreliablenutrition,givingthemanevolutionarylegup.

Inthestudy,researchersatWageningenUniversity&Researchobserved512participantsfollowafixedpaththrougharoomwhereeithereightfoodsamplesoreightfood-scentedcottonpadswereplacedindifferentlocations.Whentheyarrivedatasample,theparticipantswouldtastethefoodorsmellthecottonandratehowmuchtheylikedit.Fourofthefoodsampleswerehigh-calorie,includingbrowniesandpotatochips,andtheotherfour,includingcherrytomatoesandapples,werelowincalories—dietfoods,youmightcallthem.

Afterthetastetest,theparticipantswereaskedtoidentifythelocationofeachsampleonamapoftheroom.Theywerenearly30percentmoreaccurateatmappingthehigh-caloriesamplesversusthelow-calorieones,regardlessofhowmuchtheylikedthosefoodsorodors.Theywerealso243percentmoreaccuratewhenpresentedwithactualfoods,asopposedtothefoodscents.

“Ourmaintakeawaymessageisthathumanmindsseemtobedesignedforefficientlylocatinghigh-caloriefoodsinour