考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東商業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東商業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Opponentsofaffirmativeactionsaythebattleovertheuseofraceincollegeadmissionsishardlyover,despitetheSupremeCourt’srulingMondayupholdingthegoalofadiversestudentbody.Highereducationleadersoverwhelminglyhailedthedecision,sayingitreaffirmedpoliciesusedbymostselectivecollegesanduniversities.Butsomecriticsraisedthepossibilityofmorelawsuits,andpromisedtocontinuepressuringtheDepartmentofEducation’sOfficeofCivilRightstoinvestigatequestionablepolicies.“We’retalkingaboutadmissionsprograms,scholarships,anyprogram...onlyforminoritiesorinwhichthestandardsusedtojudgeadmissionsaresubstantiallydifferent.”saysLindaChavez,founderandpresidentoftheCenterforEqualOpportunity,aconservativenon-profitgroup.

Otherssaythey’lltaketheircasetovoters.“Wehavetoseriouslycontestallthisattheballotbox”saysUniversityofCaliforniaregentWardConnerly,whohelpedwinvoterapprovalofCalifornia’sProposition209,whichprohibitsconsideringraceorgenderinpubliceducation,hiringandcontracting.Becauseofthatlaw,Monday’srulinghadnopracticalimpactinthestate.“Itmaybetimeforusto...letthe(Michigan)votersdecideiftheywanttouseraceasafactorinadmissions,”ConnerlysaidMonday.

Meanwhile,USEducationSecretaryRodPaige,consistentwithPresidentBush’sstanceopposingaffirmativeaction,saidtheDepartmentofEducationwill“continueexaminingandhighlightingeffectiverace-neutralapproachestoensurebroadaccesstoanddiversitywithinourpublicinstitutions”.EvenSupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO-Connor,inoneoftheopinions,recommendedthatstateslookforlessonsinrace-neutralprogramsbeingtriedinCaliforniaandelsewhere.Whiletherulingsaidadmissionsofficialsmayconsiderraceintheselectionprocess,collegesanduniversitiesarenotobligatedtodoso.“Ultimatelyinthedebate,diversityisachoice,notalegalmandate,”saysArthurColeman,aformerDepartmentofEducationofficialwhonowhelpscollegesanduniversitiesEnsureconstitutionalpolicies.

Thepublic,too,remainsconflicted,largelyalongraciallines.AccordingtoaJanuarypollbythenon-profitresearchorganizationPublicAgenda,79%ofAmericanssaiditisimportantforcollegestohavearaciallydiversestudentbody,whilejust54%saidaffirmativeactionprogramsshouldcontinue.InaGalluppollconducteddaysbeforetheruling,49%ofadultssaidtheyfavoraffirmativeactionand43%didnot,withblacksandHispanicsfarmorelikelytofavorthepracticethanwhites.AndsomeeducatorsdoubtthatwithMonday’sruling,thoseopposingaffirmativeactionwillchangetheirminds.

Fornow,admissionsofficialsanduniversitylawyersareporingovertherulingtodeterminehowor—whethertoadjustpolicies.Whilemosttendtobeclosedmouthedaboutadmissionspolicies,manytheydon’texpectsignificantchanges.

1.Whichofthefollowingintheopinionoftheopponentsofaffirmativeaction?

2.ConneryinsistedthattheCourt'srulingshould（

）.

3.WhatistheattitudeoftheDepartmentofEducationtowardsaffirmativeaction?

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutaffirmativeactionaccordingtothetext?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thebattleovertheuseofraceincollegeadmissionsisnotover.

B.TheSupremeCourt’srulingshouldbeadaptedtocollegesituations.

C.Itisnecessarytoformulatetherightpoliciesforcollegeadmissions.

D.Race-neutralprogramsshouldnotbesetupincollegeanduniversities.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.winapprovalfromCaliforniavotersbeforeitisputineffect

B.becontestedbytheMichiganvoterswithanopinionpoll

C.beappliedinsomestatesbeforeitisextendedtootherstates

D.producetheintendedpracticalaffectbeforeitiswidelyaccepted

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Neutrality.

B.Objection.

C.Approval.

D.Indifference.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Avastmajorityofpeoplesupportit.

B.Theminoritiesclaimittobeadiscriminatorypolicy.

C.Theminoritystudentsaremorelikelytowelcomeit.

D.TheCourt'sdecisionwillcertainlychangepeople'sattitudetoit.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Opponentsofaffirmativeactionsaythebattleovertheuseofraceincollegeadmissionsishardlyover（反對(duì)反歧視的人說(shuō)，在大學(xué)招生中使用種族的斗爭(zhēng)幾乎沒(méi)有結(jié)束）可知A選項(xiàng)“在大學(xué)招生中使用種族的斗爭(zhēng)還沒(méi)有結(jié)束”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Wehavetoseriouslycontestallthisattheballotbox（我們必須在投票箱里認(rèn)真地競(jìng)爭(zhēng)這一切）可知Connerly認(rèn)為法院的裁決應(yīng)由民意調(diào)查投票決定，因此選B。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的USEducationSecretaryRodPaige,consistentwithPresidentBush’sstanceopposingaffirmativeaction（美國(guó)教育部長(zhǎng)RodPaige與布什總統(tǒng)的立場(chǎng)一致，反對(duì)反歧視運(yùn)動(dòng)）可知美國(guó)教育部對(duì)反歧視行動(dòng)持反對(duì)態(tài)度，因此選B。

4.推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的InaGalluppollconducteddaysbeforetheruling,49%ofadultssaidtheyfavoraffirmativeactionand43%didnot,withblacksandHispanicsfarmorelikelytofavorthepracticethanwhites.（在判決前幾天進(jìn)行的民意調(diào)查中，49%的成年人表示他們支持反歧視行動(dòng)，43%的人表示反對(duì)，而黑人和西班牙裔比白人贊成的人數(shù)要多得多）可推測(cè)少數(shù)民族更支持這項(xiàng)行動(dòng)，因此選C。

2.翻譯題

ProfessorKumarBhatt,founderandheadofWarwickManufacturingGroup(WMG),andRobMeakin,apersonneldirectoratMarconi,havedevelopedapartnershiptotrainengineersandmanagerstobecomee-literate.TheNewKnowledgePartnershipwillincludeateamof40MarconimanagersinwhatProfessorBhattcallselectronicengineeringmanagementorE2.Awiderangeofengineeringandnon-engineeringcompanieshasexpressedinterestintheseexcitingprograms.

ProfessorBhattbelievesthate-commerceischangingthebusinessenvironmenttoahugeextent.Manychiefexecutivesdonotunderstandthepowerofthenewtechnologiesand,insomecases,areactuallyresistingchange.Hesaysthat“Aslongasenoughindustryleadersrealizeitspotentialbenefits,e-businesswillmakepossibleasecondproductivityrevolutioninBritain.Thiscouldtaketheeconomyclosetoeliminatingthestillsubstantialcompetitivenessgapwithitsmainrivals.OverthelastfiveyearsintheUStherehasbeena30%improvementinmanufacturingsectorproductivitybecauseofinformationtechnology.InBritainwecanachievemorethanthatandsuccessfule-businesswillbeworthbillionstotheUKeconomy.”AlreadyBritainmakesmoreuseofcomputer-aideddesignandmanufacture(CAD/CAM)andmanagementinformationtechnologysystemsthanotherEuropeancountries,andhasagovernmentthatactivelypromotese-business.But,observesProfessorBhatt,Britainhasneverusedtechnologyasagrowthdriver.“Thethingaboutelectronicengineeringmanagementisthatyoucankeepyourlegacysystems;youjustneedtolinkthosesystemswithaninformationengine.Atthetouchofabuttonitwillallowprojectmanagerstoseethestatusofaproject,identifyproblemspreciselyandmakevirtuallyimmediatedecisionsbasedoninformationthatwillbemuchmorecompletethaninthepast.”TheE2programistheresultofanalliancebytheWarwickManufacturingGroupwithAmerica’sleadinge-commercestudycenter,CarnegieMellon.ThelatterwillberesponsiblefortrainingmanyoftheMarconimanagersinAmerica,wherethegrouphashalfitsbusiness.InBritain,ProfessorBhatthaslinkedupwithSunMicrosystems,OracleandParametricTechnology,tosetupamulti-millionpoundE2designandmanufacturingcenterattheuniversitywhichwillbeusedfortrainingandresearch.

ProfessorBhattbelievesthate-commerceischangingbusinesstosuchanextentthatWMGislikelytoberenamedWarwickElectronicManufacturingGroup.But,hewarns:“Themovetoglobalizebecauseofe-commerceisracingahead.AlthoughthenetallowsBritishindustrytoovertaketheirEuropeanpeers,italsooffersAsiancountriestoleapfrog(互相超越)theWest.ForthefirsttimeitisnottheprivilegeoftheWesternworldbecausethistechnologyisuniversal.

【答案】華威制造集團(tuán)（WarwickManufacturingGroup，WMG）創(chuàng)始人兼負(fù)責(zé)人庫(kù)馬爾?巴特（KumarBhatt）教授與馬可尼公司（Marconi）人事主管羅布?米金（RobMeakin）建立了合作關(guān)系，培養(yǎng)工程師和管理人員掌握電子技術(shù)。新知識(shí)伙伴關(guān)系將包括一個(gè)由40名馬可尼經(jīng)理組成的團(tuán)隊(duì)，巴特教授稱(chēng)之為電子工程管理或E2。許多工程和非工程公司都對(duì)這些令人興奮的項(xiàng)目表示了興趣。

巴特教授認(rèn)為，電子商務(wù)在很大程度上改變了商業(yè)環(huán)境。許多首席執(zhí)行官不了解新技術(shù)的力量，在某些情況下，他們實(shí)際上是在抵制變革。他說(shuō)：“只要有足夠多的行業(yè)領(lǐng)袖認(rèn)識(shí)到電子商務(wù)的潛在好處，電子商務(wù)將使英國(guó)有可能發(fā)生第二次生產(chǎn)力革命?！边@可能會(huì)使日本經(jīng)濟(jì)接近于消除與主要競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手之間仍然巨大的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力差距。在過(guò)去的五年中，由于信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展，美國(guó)制造業(yè)的生產(chǎn)率提高了30%。在英國(guó)，我們可以實(shí)現(xiàn)更多，成功的電子商務(wù)將對(duì)英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生數(shù)十億美元的價(jià)值。”英國(guó)已經(jīng)比其他歐洲國(guó)家更多地使用計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)和制造（CAD/CAM）和管理信息技術(shù)系統(tǒng)，而且英國(guó)政府積極推動(dòng)電子商務(wù)。但據(jù)巴特教授觀察，英國(guó)從未將科技作為增長(zhǎng)動(dòng)力。“關(guān)于電子工程管理，你可以保留你的遺留系統(tǒng)；你只需要用一個(gè)信息引擎把這些系統(tǒng)連接起來(lái)。只要按下一個(gè)按鈕，項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理就可以看到項(xiàng)目的狀態(tài)，精確地識(shí)別問(wèn)題，并根據(jù)比過(guò)去更完整的信息做出幾乎立即的決定?！盓2項(xiàng)目是華威制造集團(tuán)（WarwickManufacturingGroup）與美國(guó)領(lǐng)先的電子商務(wù)研究中心卡內(nèi)基梅隆大學(xué)（CarnegieMellon）結(jié)盟的結(jié)果。后者將負(fù)責(zé)培訓(xùn)馬可尼在美國(guó)的許多經(jīng)理，該集團(tuán)在美國(guó)有一半的業(yè)務(wù)。在英國(guó)，巴特教授與太陽(yáng)微系統(tǒng)公司、甲骨文公司和參數(shù)技術(shù)公司合作，在大學(xué)建立了一個(gè)價(jià)值數(shù)百萬(wàn)英鎊的E2設(shè)計(jì)和制造中心，用于培訓(xùn)和研究。

巴特教授認(rèn)為，電子商務(wù)正在改變商業(yè)，以至于WMG很可能更名為華威電子制造集團(tuán)。但他警告稱(chēng)：“電子商務(wù)帶來(lái)的全球化步伐正在加快。雖然網(wǎng)絡(luò)允許英國(guó)工業(yè)取代它們的歐洲同行,它還提供了亞洲國(guó)家超越。這是第一次不是西方世界的特權(quán)，因?yàn)檫@項(xiàng)技術(shù)是普遍的。

3.單選題

Mybrother’splansarevery（）;hewantstomasterEnglish,FrenchandSpanishbeforeheissixteen.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.arbitrary

B.aggressive

C.ambitious

D.abundant

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。arbitrary“任意的，武斷的，專(zhuān)制的”；aggressive“侵略性的，有進(jìn)取心的”；ambitious“雄心勃勃的，有雄心的”；abundant“豐富的，充裕的”。句意：我哥哥的計(jì)劃很有野心，他想在16歲前掌握英語(yǔ)，法語(yǔ)和西班牙語(yǔ)。C項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Glassthathasbeentemperedmaybeupto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fivetimesashardasordinaryglass

B.ashardasordinaryglassfivetimes

C.hardasordinaryglassasfivetimes

D.asfivetimeshardordinaryglass

【答案】A

【解析】語(yǔ)法題?？疾楸稊?shù)表達(dá)：倍數(shù)+as+形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)+as+其它。句意：鋼化玻璃的硬度可能是普通玻璃的五倍。因此A項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Inthefaceofunexpecteddifficulties,hedemonstratedatalentforquick,_____action.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.determining

B.defensive

C.demanding

D.decisive

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。determining（使）下決心,（使）做出決定的；defensive自衛(wèi)的；demanding苛求的，吃力的；decisive決定性的，果斷的,堅(jiān)定的。句意：面對(duì)意想不到的困難，他表現(xiàn)出了隨機(jī)應(yīng)變、迅速?zèng)Q斷的能力。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

6.單選題

Thenewscommentatorsaysthattheargumentthespeakerhaspresenteddoesnot（）water.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.have

B.contain

C.include

D.hold

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。holdwater意為“站得住腳，合情合理，說(shuō)得通”。這里指演講者提出的論點(diǎn)說(shuō)不通。選項(xiàng)D正確。

7.翻譯題

世界都在關(guān)注北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)后中國(guó)政治經(jīng)濟(jì)走向。我們可以明確地說(shuō)，中國(guó)將繼續(xù)堅(jiān)定不移地走和平發(fā)展道路，繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持改革開(kāi)放不動(dòng)搖，繼續(xù)貫徹獨(dú)立自主的和平外交政策。這符合中國(guó)人民的根本利益，也符合世界人民的根本利益，順應(yīng)世界潮流。這次北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)是在中國(guó)這樣一個(gè)最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家舉行的。國(guó)際社會(huì)對(duì)中國(guó)政府和人民為此做出的努力給予了高度評(píng)價(jià)。奧運(yùn)會(huì)的成功舉辦，使中國(guó)人民受到了極大的鼓舞，增強(qiáng)了實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化的信心和力量。

(參考詞匯：remaincommitted;fundamentalinterests;inspire;confidence)

【答案】

NowthewholeworldwantstoknowinwhatdirectionChinaisheading,bothpoliticallyandeconomically,aftertheBeijingOlympicGames.LetmetellyouinunequivocaltermsthatChinawillremaincommittedtothepathofpeacefuldevelopment,unswervinglypursuereformandopening-up,andcontinuetoadheretoanindependentforeignpolicyofpeace.ThisisinthefundamentalinterestsoftheChinesepeopleandthepeopleofallothercountries.Itisalsoinkeepingwiththetrendoftheworld.ThejustconcludedOlympicGameswasheldinChina,thelargestdevelopingcountryintheworld.TheinternationalcommunityhashighlycommendedtheeffortsmadebytheChineseGovernmentandpeoplefortheGames.ThesuccessoftheOlympicGameshasgreatlyencouragedtheChinesepeopleandboostedtheirconfidenceandstrengthinrealizingmodernization.

8.單選題

Histhoughtswere（）fromthispainfultopicbythesuddenarrivalofaneighbor.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attracted

B.retracted

C.distracted

D.protracted

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)attract“吸引，引起”；B選項(xiàng)retract“縮回，縮進(jìn)，取消”；C選項(xiàng)distract“（使）分心，轉(zhuǎn)移注意力”，distract…from“使從……分心”；D選項(xiàng)protract“延長(zhǎng)；繪制”A、B、D選項(xiàng)一般不和介詞from連用。句意：突然來(lái)了一個(gè)鄰居，使他從這個(gè)痛苦的話(huà)題上分心了。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

9.單選題

Donationsareneededto（）ourchild-careprograms.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.implement

B.validate

C.strengthen

D.approve

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。implement實(shí)施，實(shí)現(xiàn)；validate證實(shí)，確認(rèn)；strengthen加強(qiáng)，鞏固；approve批準(zhǔn)，贊成。句意：實(shí)施我們的托兒所項(xiàng)目需要捐款。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

10.單選題

Whichissafer—stayingathome,travelingtoworkonpublictransport,orworkingattheoffice?Surprisingly,eachofthesecarriesthesamerisk,whichisverylow.However,whataboutflyingcomparedtoworkinginthechemicalindustry?Unfortunately,theformeris65timesriskierthanthelatter!Infacttheaccidentrateofworkersinthechemicalindustryislessthanthatofalmostanyofhumanactivity,andalmostassafeasstayingathome.

Thetroublewiththechemicalindustryisthatwhenthingsgowrongtheyoftencausedeathtothoselivingnearby.Itisthisthatmakeschemicalaccidentssonewsworthy.Fortunately,theyareextremelyrare.ThemostfamousoneshappenedatTexasCity(1947),Flixborough(1974),Seveso(1976),Pemex(1984)andBhopal(1984).

Someofthesearealwaysinthemindsofthepeopleeventhoughthelossoflifewassmall.NoonediedatSeveso,andonly28workersatFlixborough.TheworstaccidentofallwasBhopal,whereupto3,000werekilled.TheTexasCityexplosionoffertilizerkilled552.

ThePemexfireatastorageplantfornaturalgasinthesuburbsofMexicoCitytook542lives,justamonthbeforetheunfortunateeventatBhopal.

Someexpertshavediscussedtheseaccidentsandusedeachaccidenttoillustrateaparticulardanger.ThustheTexasCitywascausedbytonsofammoniumnitrate（硝酸銨），whichissafeunlessstoredinagreatquantity.TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement,whichtookriskstokeepproductiongoingduringessentialrepairs.TheSevesoaccidentshowswhathappensifthelocalauthoritieslackknowledgeofthedangerontheirdoorstep.Whenthepoisonousgasdriftedoverthetown,localleaderswereincapableoftakingeffectiveaction.ThePemexfirewasmadeworsebyanoverloadedsiteinanovercrowdedsuburb.Thefiresetoffachainreactionofexplodingstoragetanks.Yet,byamiracle,thetwolargesttanksdidnotexplode.Hadthesecaughtfire,then3.000strongrescueteamandfirefighterswouldallhavedied.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

2.Chemicalaccidentsareusuallyimportantenoughtobereportedasnewsbecause（）.

3.Accordingtopassage,thechemicalaccidentthatcausedbythefaultofmanagementhappenedat（）.

4.Fromthepassageweknowthatammoniumnitrateisakindof（）.

5.Fromthediscussionamongsomeexpertswemayconcludethat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Workingattheofficeissaferthanstayingathome.

B.Travellingtoworkonpublictransportissaferthanworkingattheoffice.

C.Stayingathomeissaferthanworkinginthechemicalindustry.

D.Workinginthechemicalindustryissaferthantravelingbyair.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyareveryrare

B.theyoftencauselossoflife

C.theyalwaysoccurinbigcities

D.theyarousetheinterestofallthereaders

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Texascity

B.Flixborough

C.Seveso

D.MexicoCity

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.naturalgas,whichcaneasilycatchfire

B.fertilizer,whichcan'tbestoredinagreatquantity

C.poisonoussubstance,whichcan'tbeusedinovercrowdedareas

D.fuel,whichisstoredinlargetanks

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.toavoidanyaccidentsweshouldnotrepairthefacilitiesinchemicalindustry

B.thelocalauthoritiesshouldnotbeconcernedwiththeproductionofthechemicalindustry

C.alltheseaccidentscouldhavebeenavoidedorcontrollediteffectivemeasurehadbeentaken

D.naturalgasstoredinverylargetanksisalwayssafe

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。題干意為:以下哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)正確?A:在辦公室工作比待家里安全。B:乘公共交通工具上班比在辦公室上班更安全。C:呆在家里比在化工行業(yè)工作更安全。D:在化工行業(yè)工作比乘飛機(jī)旅行更安全。第一段指出:Whichissafer—stayingathome,travelingtoworkonpublictransport,orworkingattheoffice?Surprisingly,eachofthesecarriesthesamerisk,whichisverylow(呆在家里，乘坐公共交通上班以及在辦公室上班，哪個(gè)更安全？驚奇地是，哪種都會(huì)攜帶一些比較低的危險(xiǎn)因素)。而后又指出:However,whataboutflyingcomparedtoworkinginthechemicalindustry?Unfortunately,theformeris65timesriskierthanthelatter!(然而，與在化工廠(chǎng)工作相比，飛行又是什么情況呢？遺憾地是，飛行的危險(xiǎn)程度是在化工廠(chǎng)工作的65倍)。因此A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。D項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)“Infacttheaccidentrateofworkersinthechemicalindustryislessthanthatofalmostanyofhumanactivity,andalmostassafeasstayingathome(事實(shí)上，化工廠(chǎng)的工人事故率少于幾乎任何人類(lèi)的活動(dòng)，幾乎和呆在家里一樣安全)”可排除C項(xiàng)。因此本題選D。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意為:化學(xué)事故通常作為重點(diǎn)新聞報(bào)道，是因?yàn)槭裁丛?？定位至第二段開(kāi)頭:Thetroublewiththechemicalindustryisthatwhenthingsgowrongtheyoftencausedeathtothoselivingnearby.Itisthisthatmakeschemicalaccidentssonewsworthy(化工廠(chǎng)的問(wèn)題是，當(dāng)事情變?cè)愀鈺r(shí)，他們通常會(huì)導(dǎo)致鄰近居民的死亡。正是這個(gè)結(jié)果使得化學(xué)事故很有新聞價(jià)值)。因此,B項(xiàng)“他們通常會(huì)造成死亡”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意為:根據(jù)文章，因管理錯(cuò)誤導(dǎo)致的化學(xué)事故發(fā)生在哪？最后一段指出:ThustheTexasCitywascausedbytonsofammoniumnitrate,whichissafeunlessstoredinagreatquantity(TexasCity的爆炸是因?yàn)橄跛徜@的過(guò)量?jī)?chǔ)存)。TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement,whichtookriskstokeepproductiongoingduringessentialrepairs(Flixborough的起火是因?yàn)楣芾硎д`…)。TheSevesoaccidentshowswhathappensifthelocalauthoritieslackknowledgeofthedangerontheirdoorstep(Seveso的事故是因?yàn)榈胤疆?dāng)局缺少處理危險(xiǎn)事故)。ThePemexfirewasmadeworsebyanoverloadedsiteinanovercrowdedsuburb.Pemex(（墨西哥）的事故是因?yàn)槌d引起的)。因此，因?yàn)楣芾硎д`造成的事故是Flixborough。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意為:我們從文章了解硝酸銨是一種什么物質(zhì)？最后一段指出:ThustheTexasCitywascausedbytonsofammoniumnitrate,whichissafeunlessstoredinagreatquantity.因此，德克薩斯城的事故是由大噸量的硝酸銨造成的，硝酸銨是安全的，除非過(guò)量的儲(chǔ)存在一起。即硝酸銨是一種不能過(guò)量?jī)?chǔ)存的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，故B項(xiàng)“不能大量?jī)?chǔ)存在一起的化肥”正確。

5.判斷推理題。題干意為:從一些專(zhuān)家的討論中，我們可以總結(jié)出什么？A:為了避免事故,我們不應(yīng)該對(duì)化工廠(chǎng)的設(shè)備進(jìn)行維護(hù)。B:官方不應(yīng)該關(guān)心化工廠(chǎng)的生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)。C:所有這些事故都可以通過(guò)有效的措施加以避免或控制的。D:自然氣體儲(chǔ)存在大油箱總是安全的。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。文章只談及地方當(dāng)局因?yàn)槿鄙傥ｋU(xiǎn)處理策略而導(dǎo)致事故,因此可排除B項(xiàng)。D項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。最后一段指出:Someexpertshavediscussedtheseaccidentsandusedeachaccidenttoillustrateaparticulardanger(—些專(zhuān)家已經(jīng)討論了這些事故，并且利用每個(gè)事故說(shuō)明一種危險(xiǎn)),下文分別解釋了每個(gè)事故的發(fā)生原因，過(guò)量?jī)?chǔ)存、管理失誤、超載等，并且暗示在一定情況下，這些事故是可以避免的，比如硝酸銨不過(guò)量?jī)?chǔ)存就會(huì)很安全。因此C項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Anydriverstoppedbythepoliceforsomeminortraffic（

）canbeaskedtotakeatestforalcoholicdrinking.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.violation

B.accident

C.congestion

D.problem

【答案】A

【解析】violation違反，妨礙，侵害；accident意外，事故；congestion擁擠，擁塞。句意：任何因輕微交通違章被警察攔下的司機(jī)都可以被要求做酒精測(cè)試。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

12.單選題

Havingpublishedmorethanadozenpapersinsomefirst-ratejournals,sheisheldinhigh（）byhercolleagues.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.esteem

B.evaluation

C.estate

D.ego

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。esteem尊重,尊敬;evaluation評(píng)價(jià);estate財(cái)產(chǎn);ego自負(fù)。句意：她在一些一流的刊物上發(fā)表了十多篇論文,深受同事們的尊敬。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

13.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintogoodEnglish.

（1）孔子被中國(guó)各階層的民眾所銘記的原因有很多，其中一個(gè)最主要的因素就是孔子所倡導(dǎo)的教育方法—通過(guò)提問(wèn)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生思考。他還堅(jiān)持教育中最重要的是人格的塑造。從后人敘述的關(guān)于孔子的故事可知，他所倡導(dǎo)的是因材施教。

（2）多年來(lái)，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨和中國(guó)政府從基本國(guó)情出發(fā)，把人民的生存權(quán)、發(fā)展權(quán)放在首位，致力于減貧脫貧，努力保障和改善民生，發(fā)展各項(xiàng)社會(huì)事業(yè)，使發(fā)展成果更多更公平地惠及全體人民，保障人民平等參與、平等發(fā)展的權(quán)利。

（3）最近的爭(zhēng)論是關(guān)于修改歐盟的憲章問(wèn)題。歐盟明年要增加十個(gè)成員國(guó)，需要有新的憲章來(lái)自我約束。因此各國(guó)政府正在構(gòu)思修訂有關(guān)外交事務(wù)、稅收、政治避難和司法政策等問(wèn)題的法規(guī)，并賦予歐洲議會(huì)更多的權(quán)利。

【答案】（1）TherearemanyreasonswhyConfuciuscanberememberedbyChinesepeoplefromallwalksoflife,oneofthemostimportantfactorsisthemethodofeducationadvocatedbyhim—toguidestudentstoponderbyaskingquestions.Moreover,heinsistedthattheshapingofpersonalitywasthemostimportantthingineducationalactivity.ThestoriesaboutConfuciustoldbylatergenerationsshownthatheproposedteachstudentsinaccordanceoftheiraptitude.

（2）Overtheyears,basedontheprevailingnationalconditions,theCommunistPartyofChina(CPC)andtheChinesegovernmenthaveremainedcommittedtoadevelopmentconceptthatputspeople’srighttosubsistenceandtodevelopmentfirst.Committedtoreducingandeliminatingpoverty,Chinahasendeavoredtoguaranteeandimprovepeople’swell-being,anddevelopedafullrangeofsocialundertakings,soastoensurethattheresultsofdevelopmentbenefitallthepeopleinafairerway,andthatallenjoytherightstoequalparticipationandequaldevelopment.

（3）TherecentdebatewasaboutmodifyingEUCharter.NextyearEUwillhavetenmemberstatesaddedtoitandneedanewChartertorestrainitself.Thus,eachmemberstateofEUisnowthinkingabouthowtorevisethelawsandregulationsconcerningforeignaffairs,taxation,politicalasylum,judicialpoliciesandsonon,andgiveEuropeanParliamentmorerights.

14.單選題

TheChineseRedCross（

）ageneroussumtothereliefofthephysicallydisabled.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.assigned

B.contributed

C.furnished

D.administered

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。assign“分配，分派”；contribute“捐助，捐獻(xiàn)”；furnish“提供、供應(yīng)”；administer“管理”。句意：中國(guó)紅十字會(huì)捐出了一大筆錢(qián)來(lái)減輕殘疾人的痛苦。B項(xiàng)符合題意，答案B

15.單選題

Satellitecommunicationsaresoup-to-datethatevenwhen（）inthemiddleofthePacific,businessmencancontacttheirofficesasiftheywerenextdoor.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.gliding

B.cruising

C.piloting

D.patrolling

【答案】B

【解析】gliding滑翔;cruising乘船巡游,巡航,航行;piloting領(lǐng)航,駕駛;patrolling巡查。句意：衛(wèi)星通信是如此的發(fā)達(dá)以致于即使是商人在大西洋中間航行也可以聯(lián)系到他們公司的人,就好像他正在公司的隔壁一樣。因此，本題選B。

16.單選題

Speakersatgraduationceremoniesarealwaysamongthemost（

）membersofthe

community.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.discouraged

B.dissatisfied

C.distinguished

D.disappointed

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。discouraged“氣餒的”；dissatisfied“不滿(mǎn)的”；distinguished“尊敬的”；disappointed“失望的”。句意：畢業(yè)典禮上的發(fā)言人都是團(tuán)體中最受尊敬的成員。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

17.單選題

Anumberofdevelopmentscombinedtodestroythemonetarysystem,leadingtoacrisisinwhichthecollapseofonecountry'seconomyandcurrency-inamodernversionofthecommercialdominotheory-leadstofiscal（）thatspreadsuncomfortablyaroundtheworld,wreakinghavoconglobalcapitalism.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contamination

B.contagion

C.inflammation

D.inflation

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。contamination“污染”；contagion“傳染”；inflammation“發(fā)炎”；inflation“膨脹”。句意：根據(jù)現(xiàn)代版本的多米諾骨牌效應(yīng)，一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)和財(cái)政的變化將會(huì)影響全球，并對(duì)全球資本主義造成嚴(yán)重破壞。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

18.單選題

Inthedecadesbetween1910and1930,overtenpercentoftheBlackpopulationoftheUnitedStateslefttheSouth,wherethemajorityoftheBlackpopulationhadbeenlocated,andmigratedtonorthernstates,withthelargestnumbermoving,itisclaimed,between1916and1918.Ithasbeenfrequentlyassumed,butnotproved,thatmostofthemigrantsinwhathascometobecalledtheGreatMigrationcamefromruralareasandweremotivatedbytwoconcurrentfactors:thecollapseofcottonindustryfollowingboll-weevilinfestation,whichbeganin1898,andincreaseddemandintheNorthforlaborfollowingthecessationofEuropeanimmigrationcausedbytheoutbreakofthefirstWorldWarin1914.Thisassumptionhasledtotheconclusionthatthemigrant’ssubsequentlackofeconomicmobilityintheNorthistiedtoruralbackground,abackgroundthatimpliesunfamiliaritywithurbanlivingandalackofindustrialskills.

ButthequestionofwhoactuallylefttheSouthhasneverbeeninvestigatedindetail.AlthoughnumerousinvestigationsdocumentaflightfromruralsouthernareastosoutherncitiespriortotheGreatMigration,noonehasconsideredwhetherthesamemigrantsthenmovedontonortherncities.In1910over600,000Blackworkers,ortenpercentoftheBlackworkforcereportedthemselvestobeengagedin“manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits”,thefederalcensuscategoryroughlyincludingtheentireindustrialsector.TheGreatMigrationcouldeasilyhavebeenmadeupentirelyofthisgroupandtheirfamilies.Itisperhapssurprisingtoarguethatanemployedpopulationcouldbetemptedtomove,butanexplanationliesinthelaborconditionsthenprevalentintheSouth.

Aboutthirty-fivepercentoftheurbanBlackpopulationintheSouthwasengagedinskilledtrades.Somewerefromtheoldartisanclassofslavery—blacksmiths,masons,carpenters一whichhadamonopolyofcertaintrades?buttheyweregraduallybeingpushedoutbycompetition,mechanization,andobsolescence.Theremainingsixty-fivepercent,morerecentlyurbanized,workedinnewlydevelopedindustries—tobacco,lumber,coalandironmanufacture,andrailroads.WagesintheSouth,however,werelow,andBlackworkerswereaware,throughlaborrecruitersandtheBlackpress,thattheycouldearnmoreevenasunskilledworkersintheNorththantheycouldasartisansintheSouth.Aftertheboll-weevilinfestation,urbanBlackworkersfacedcompetitionfromthecontinuinginfluxofbothBlackandWhiteruralworkers,whoweredriventoundercutthewagesformerlypaidforindustrialjobs.Thus,amovenorthwouldbeseenasadvantageoustoagroupthatwasalreadyurbanizedandsteadilyemployed,andtheeasyconclusiontyingtheirsubsequenteconomicproblemsintheNorthtotheirruralbackgroundscomesintoquestion.

1.TheauthorindicatestheGreatMigrationexplicitlybyusingashersourceofinformation（

）.

2.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofwagesinsoutherncitiesin1910?

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheunderlinedphrase“theeasyconclusion”isbasedontheassumptionthat（

）.

4.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

5.Thematerialinthepassagewouldbemostrelevanttoalongdiscussionofwhichofthefollowingtopics?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.immigrationServicereportsin1930

B.theFirstWorldWarin1918

C.thefederalcensusin1910

D.southernnewspapersin1898

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theywerebeingpushedlowerasaresultofincreasedcompetition.

B.Theybegantorisesothatsouthernindustrycouldattractruralworkers.

C.Theyhadincreasedforskilledworkersbutdecreasedforunskilledworkers.

D.Theyhadincreasedinlargesoutherncitiesbutdecreasedinsmallsouthernones.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.peoplewhomigratefromruralareastolargecitiesusuallydosoforeconomicreasons

B.mostpeoplewholeaveruralareastoworkincitiesreturntoruralareasassoonasitisfinanciallypossibleforthemtodoso

C.peoplewithruralbackgroundsarelesslikelytosucceedeconomicallyincitiesthanthosewithurbanbackgrounds

D.mostpeoplewhowereonceskilledworkersarenotwillingtoworkasunskilledworkers

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.introducearecentlydiscoveredsourceofinformation

B.supportanalternativetoanacceptedmethodology

C.presentevidencethatresolvesacontradiction

D.challengeawidelyacceptedexplanation

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheEffectofMigrationontheRegionalEconomiesoftheUnitedStatesFollowingtheFirstWorldWar.

B.TheReasonsfortheSubsequentEconomicDifficultiesofThoseWhoParticipatedintheGreatMigration.

C.TheTransitionfortheSubsequentEconomicDifficultiesofThoseWhoParticipatedintheGreatMigration.

D.TheTransitionoftheAgriculturalSouthFollowingtheBoll-weevilInfestation

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第二段的三四句，1910年，60多萬(wàn)黑人工人,即黑人勞動(dòng)力的10%，聲稱(chēng)自己從事“制造業(yè)和機(jī)械制造業(yè)”，這一聯(lián)邦人口普查類(lèi)別基本上包括了整個(gè)工業(yè)部門(mén)。大遷移很可能完全由這個(gè)群體和他們的家庭組成。由此可知，作者以1910年聯(lián)邦人口普查為資料來(lái)源，明確指出了大遷移。選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“Aftertheboll-weevilinfestation,...formerlypaidforindustrialjobs.”在棉鈴蟲(chóng)泛濫之后，由于農(nóng)村的黑人工人和白人工人不斷涌入，城里的黑人工人面臨著競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，他們被迫降低了工資。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第三段最后一句，向北遷移將被認(rèn)為對(duì)一個(gè)已經(jīng)城市化并穩(wěn)定就業(yè)的群體有利，而將他們隨后在北方遇到的經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題與他們的農(nóng)村背景聯(lián)系起來(lái)的簡(jiǎn)單結(jié)論將受到質(zhì)疑。再根據(jù)第一段最后一句，這一假設(shè)導(dǎo)致的結(jié)論是，北方移民隨后缺乏經(jīng)濟(jì)流動(dòng)性與其農(nóng)村背景有關(guān)，農(nóng)村背景意味著不熟悉城市生活和缺乏工業(yè)技能。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

4.結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知，作者在第一段提出一個(gè)假設(shè)“大多數(shù)移民來(lái)自于農(nóng)村”以及一個(gè)結(jié)論“北方移民隨后缺乏經(jīng)濟(jì)流動(dòng)性與其農(nóng)村背景有關(guān)”；但在第二段，作者指出就業(yè)人口可能也會(huì)受到遷移的誘惑，原因在于當(dāng)時(shí)盛行于南方的惡劣的勞動(dòng)環(huán)境，這是在質(zhì)疑第一段提出的假設(shè)。第三段也對(duì)第一段提出的結(jié)論進(jìn)行了質(zhì)疑，所以本文的目的是挑戰(zhàn)一種被人們廣泛接受的解釋。選項(xiàng)D正確。

5.根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知，原文之所以提出大多數(shù)移民來(lái)自于農(nóng)村的假設(shè)是因?yàn)槿藗兿虮狈揭泼裰蠼?jīng)濟(jì)變得困難，所以本文其實(shí)是在探討人們向北方移民之后經(jīng)濟(jì)困難的原因，選項(xiàng)B與原文相關(guān)。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

19.單選題

Tom（

）betterthantoaskDickforhelp.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.shallknow

B.shouldn'tknow

C.haskno