考研考博-英語-大連裝備制造職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-大連裝備制造職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thebadanddampweatherinthehotareawouldenabletheplantstoget（）quickly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deduced

B.denounced

C.detached

D.decomposed

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。deduce“推論；推斷”;denounce“譴責(zé)；告發(fā)”；detach“分離，派遣”；decompose“分解，腐爛”。根據(jù)badanddampweather“惡劣潮濕天氣”可知plant（植物）容易腐爛，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.單選題

Theconsolidationofthecrumblingwallsandtowershasbeencarriedoutin（）withaprogramagreedwithbytheDepartmentoftheEnvironment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.case

B.accordance

C.place

D.charge

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。inaccordancewith為固定搭配，表示“依照，與...一致”。

3.單選題

Parentsoftenfacedthe______betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.paradox

B.junction

C.dilemma

D.premise

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)paradox“悖論，反論；似是而非的論點(diǎn)；自相矛盾的人或事”；B選項(xiàng)junction“連接，接合；交叉點(diǎn)；接合點(diǎn)”；C選項(xiàng)dilemma“困境；進(jìn)退兩難；兩刀論法”；D選項(xiàng)premise“前提，假定；（常復(fù)數(shù)）商店、餐館、公司等使用的房屋及土地；（常復(fù)數(shù)）上訴各項(xiàng)”。句意：父母們經(jīng)常面對這樣的兩難處境，是選擇做他們認(rèn)為的對孩子發(fā)展好的事情呢，還是選擇對其放任自流。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Lightingcanbeusednotonlytocreateanatmosphere,butalsoto（

）featuresofthehouse,suchasornamentsorpictures.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.highlight

B.underline

C.activate

D.upgrade

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。highlight“突出，強(qiáng)調(diào)”；underline“強(qiáng)調(diào)，在…下面劃線”；activate“刺激，使活動”；upgrade“使升級，提升”。句意：燈光的使用不僅能營造一種氛圍，還能突顯出房屋的風(fēng)格，如裝飾或圖畫。A項(xiàng)符合句意，答案A

5.單選題

We’retalkingaboutmoneyhere,andthethingsyoubuywithit—andaboutwhatattitudeweshouldtaketospending.

Acrossmostofhistoryandinmostcultures,therehasbeenageneralagreementthatweshouldworkhard,saveforthefutureandspendnomorethanwecanafford.It’snicetohaveacomfortableliferightnow,butitisbesttothinkofthefuture.Yeteconomistshavelongknownthatthingsdon’tworkoutthatway.Theypointtoanideacalledthe“paradoxofthrift”.Imagineyouaretheownerofabigbusinessmakingconsumergoods.Youwantyourownstafftoworkhardandsavetheirmoney.Thatway,youdon’thavetopaythemasmuch.Butyouwanteverybodyelsetospendallthemoneytheycan.Thatwayyoumakebiggerprofits.

It’saproblemonaglobalscale.ManypeopleintheUKandtheUnitedStatesareworriedaboutlevelsofpersonaldebt.Yetifpeoplesuddenlystoppedbuyingthingsandstartedpayingbackwhattheyowetocreditcardcompanies,alltheeconomiesoftheWesternworldwouldcollapse.Thebankswouldbehappy,buteverybodyelsewouldbeintrouble.

Traditionally,economistshavebelievedthatspendingmoneyisaboutmakingrationalchoices.Peoplebuythingstomaketheirlifebetterinsomeway.Butinrecentyears,theyhavenoticedthatpeopleoftendonotactuallybehaveinthatway.Weallknowpeoplewhotakepleasureinbuyinguselessthings.Andtherearemanypeoplearoundwhowon’tbuythingsthattheyneed.

Inarecentseriesofexperiments,scientistsatStanfordUniversityintheUSconfirmedsomethingthatmanypeoplehavelongsuspected.Peoplespendmoneybecausetheactofbuyinggivesthempleasure.Andtheyrefusetospendwhenitcausesthempain.Thescientistsdiscoveredthatdifferentareasofthebrainthatanticipatepleasureandpainbecomemoreactivewhenwearemakingadecisiontobuythings.Peoplewhospendalothavetheirpleasurecentersstimulated.Peoplewholiketosavefindbuyingthingspainful.

Ifyouthinkyoureallywantthatproductbecauseit’sbeautifuloruseful,youarewrong,saythescientists.Thedesiretobuysomethingisaproductofthereactionbetweenchemicalsreleasedbydifferentpartsofthebrainwhentheeyesseeaproduct.

1.Acrossmostofhistoryandinmostcultures,peopleareadvisedto（）.

2.Accordingtothecontext“paradox”(inParagraph2)probablymeans“（）”.

3.ItisimpliedthatmanypeopleintheUKandtheUnitedStates（）.

4.Accordingtotheresentstudiesmadebyeconomists,people（）.

5.IthasbeenprovedbythescientistsatStanfordUniversitythatsomepeopleliketosavemoneybecause（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enjoytheirpresentlifeasmuchaspossiblet

B.spendeverypennytheyhaveearnedt

C.saveeverypennyforthefuturet

D.savesomemoneyforlateruset

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.contradictiont

B.hypothesist

C.declarationt

D.assertiont

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.havetoworkhardtomakeendsmeett

B.spendmorethantheycanaffordt

C.havetroubleinpayingbacktheirdebtst

D.don’tpaybacktheirdebtsontimet

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.takepleasureinbuyinguselessthingst

B.won’tbuythingsthattheyneedt

C.spendtheirmoneyirrationallyt

D.makerationalchoiceswhilespendingtheirmoneyt

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theylikekeepingtheirmoneyinthebankt

B.theywillfeelsafeiftheysaveenoughmoneyforthefuturet

C.theydon’twanttospendtheirmoneyonuselessthingst

D.spendingmoneygivesthempain

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“在大多數(shù)歷史和文化中，人們都被建議去做……”。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句Acrossmostofhistoryandinmostcultures,therehasbeenageneralagreementthatweshouldworkhard,saveforthefutureandspendnomorethanwecanafford.（縱觀歷史，在大多數(shù)文化中，人們普遍認(rèn)為，我們應(yīng)該努力工作，為未來儲蓄，支出不能超過我們的負(fù)擔(dān)能力）可知，在大多數(shù)歷史和文化中，人們都被建議努力工作，為未來儲蓄，因此D項(xiàng)“存一些錢以后用”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“盡可能享受他們現(xiàn)在的生活”，原文提到“努力工作”，所以A項(xiàng)內(nèi)容不正確；B項(xiàng)“花他們賺的每一分錢”，內(nèi)容與原文相反；C項(xiàng)“為將來節(jié)省每一分錢”，原文提到“支出不能超過我們的負(fù)擔(dān)能力”，所以在正常的支出范圍內(nèi)可以進(jìn)行必要的消費(fèi)，C項(xiàng)內(nèi)容太絕對。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:語義推測題。題干意思是“根據(jù)語境，第二段的‘paradox’的意思可能是……”。根據(jù)文章定位到第二段第四句Theypointtoanideacalledthe“paradoxofthrift”（他們提出了一個名為“paradoxofthrift”的觀點(diǎn)），上文提到傳統(tǒng)的觀念是努力工作并為未來儲蓄，但經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家并不這樣認(rèn)為；后文接著舉例闡述了paradoxofthrift這一概念，Imagineyouaretheownerofabigbusinessmakingconsumergoods.Youwantyourownstafftoworkhardandsavetheirmoney.Thatway,youdon’thavetopaythemasmuch.Butyouwanteverybodyelsetospendallthemoneytheycan.Thatwayyoumakebiggerprofits.（設(shè)想你是一家生產(chǎn)消費(fèi)品的大公司的老板，你希望自己的員工努力工作并省錢，這樣的話你就不用付他們那么多錢了；但你想讓其他人盡可能多花錢，這樣你就能獲得更大的利潤），由這個例子可知，傳統(tǒng)觀念提倡存錢，但經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)上來說老板會更希望人們盡可能多的花錢，所以前后不一致，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞thrift（節(jié)儉）和上下文語境可知，paradox表示“悖論”，故A項(xiàng)“矛盾”更符合。B項(xiàng)“假設(shè)”，文章是通過假設(shè)來解釋這個“節(jié)儉悖論”，所以B項(xiàng)錯誤；C項(xiàng)“公告”和D項(xiàng)“斷言，聲明”都不符合paradox的詞義。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“它暗示著許多人在英國和美國……”。第三段前兩句指出ManypeopleintheUKandtheUnitedStatesareworriedaboutlevelsofpersonaldebt.Yetifpeoplesuddenlystoppedbuyingthingsandstartedpayingbackwhattheyowetocreditcardcompanies,alltheeconomiesoftheWesternworldwouldcollapse.（英國和美國的許多人都對個人債務(wù)水平感到擔(dān)憂；然而，如果人們突然停止購物，開始償還他們欠信用卡公司的錢，西方世界的所有經(jīng)濟(jì)都會崩潰），由此可以推斷，英美國家的人們普遍有使用信用卡提前消費(fèi)的習(xí)慣，所以他們實(shí)際的支出是超出了他們能夠負(fù)擔(dān)的范圍，故B項(xiàng)“花費(fèi)超出他們的負(fù)擔(dān)能力”正確。A項(xiàng)“必須努力工作才能收支平衡”，內(nèi)容不符合題干；C項(xiàng)“償還債務(wù)有困難”內(nèi)容比較片面；D項(xiàng)“不按時償還債務(wù)”文中沒提到。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家最近的研究，人們……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第四段Traditionally,economistshavebelievedthatspendingmoneyisaboutmakingrationalchoices.Peoplebuythingstomaketheirlifebetterinsomeway.Butinrecentyears,theyhavenoticedthatpeopleoftendonotactuallybehaveinthatway.（傳統(tǒng)上，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為花錢是理性的選擇；人們買東西在某種程度上是為了讓他們的生活更好；但近年來，他們注意到人們通常不會那樣做），可知經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為花錢是理性的選擇，但人們在某種程度上并沒有理性消費(fèi)，所以可以推斷人們花錢是不理智的，故C項(xiàng)“不理智地花錢”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“以買無用的東西為樂”和B項(xiàng)“不會買自己需要的東西”都只是不理智花錢的一部分，比較片面；D項(xiàng)“在花錢的時候做出理性的選擇”，內(nèi)容與原文相反。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“斯坦福大學(xué)的科學(xué)家已經(jīng)證明，有些人喜歡存錢是因?yàn)椤?。根?jù)題干定位到文章第五段Peoplespendmoneybecausetheactofbuyinggivesthempleasure.Andtheyrefusetospendwhenitcausesthempain.Thescientistsdiscoveredthatdifferentareasofthebrainthatanticipatepleasureandpainbecomemoreactivewhenwearemakingadecisiontobuythings.（人們花錢是因?yàn)橘徺I行為能給他們帶來快樂；他們拒絕消費(fèi)，因?yàn)檫@會給他們帶來痛苦；科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)我們做出購買決定時，大腦中預(yù)測快樂和痛苦的不同區(qū)域會變得更加活躍），由此我們可以推測，有些人不喜歡購物而喜歡存錢是因?yàn)橘I東西會讓他們覺得很痛苦，故D項(xiàng)“花錢給他們帶來痛苦”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“他們喜歡把錢存在銀行里”和B項(xiàng)“如果他們?yōu)槲磥泶孀銐虻腻X，他們就會感到安全”文中都沒有提到；C項(xiàng)“他們不想把錢花在沒用的東西上”，內(nèi)容不符合原文。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyformthebasisonwhichhebuildshistheoryoflove.

B.Theywerecarriedoutoveraperiodofsomethirtyyears.

C.TheyweredonebyhisformercolleagueatYale.

D.Theyarefocusedmoreonattractionthanlove.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Therelationshipcannotlastlongifnopassionisinvolved.

B.Itisnotloveifyoudon’twishtomaintaintherelationship.

C.Romanceisjustimpossiblewithoutmutualunderstanding.

D.Intimacyisessentialbutnotabsolutelyindispensabletolove.18.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Whetheritistruelovewithoutcommitment.

B.Whichofthemisconsideredmostimportant.

C.Howtherelationshipistobedefinedifanyoneismissing.

D.Whentheabsenceofanyonedoesn’taffecttherelationship.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

【解析】RecordingOne

Okay.Solet’sgetstarted.AndtostartthingsoffIthinkwhatweneedtodoisconsideradefinition.I’mgoingtodefinewhatloveisbutthen[16]mostoftheexperimentsI’mgoingtotalkaboutarereallyfocusedmoreonattractionthanlove.AndI’mgoingtopickadefinitionfromaformercolleague,RobertSternberg,whoisnowthedeanatTuftsUniversitybutwashereonourfacultyatYalefornearlythirtyyears.Andhehasatheoryoflovethatarguesthatit’smadeupofthreecomponents:intimacy,passion,andcommitment,orwhatissometimescalleddecisioncommitment.Andthesearerelativelystraightforward.Hearguedthatyoudon’thaveloveifyoudon’thaveallthreeoftheseelements.Intimacyisthefeelingofcloseness,ofconnectednesswithsomeone,ofbonding.Operationally,youcouldthinkofintimacyasyousharesecrets,youshareinformationwiththispersonthatyoudon’tsharewithanybodyelse.Okay.That’sreallywhatintimacyis,thebondthatcomesfromsharinginformationthatisn’tsharedwithotherpeople.Thesecondelementispassion.Passionisthedrivethatleadstoromance.Youcanthinkofitasphysicalattraction.AndSternbergarguesthatthisisarequiredcomponentofaloverelationship.ThethirdelementofloveinSternberg’stheoryiswhathecallsdecisioncommitment,thedecisionthatoneisinaloverelationship,thewillingnesstolabelitassuch,andacommitmenttomaintainthatrelationshipatleastforsomeperiodoftime.[17]Sternbergwouldargueit’snotloveifyoudon’tcallitloveandifyoudon’thavesomedesiretomaintaintherelationship.Soifyouhaveallthreeofthese,intimacy,passionandcommitment,inSternberg’stheoryyouhavelove.[18]Nowwhat’sinterestingaboutthetheoryiswhatdoyouhaveifyouonlyhaveoneoutofthreeortwooutofthree?Whatdoyouhaveandhowisitdifferentifyouhaveadifferenttwooutofthree?What’sinterestingaboutthiskindoftheorizingisitgivesrisetomanydifferentcombinationsthatcanbequiteinterestingwhenyoubreakthemdownandstarttolookatthemcarefully.SowhatI’vedoneisI’vetakenSternberg’sthreeelementsoflove,intimacy,passionandcommitment,andI’velistedoutthedifferentkindsofrelationshipsyouwouldhaveifyouhadzero,one,twoorthreeoutofthethreeelements.

16.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutmostoftheexperimentsmentionedinhistalk?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于演講中提到的大多數(shù)實(shí)驗(yàn)，說話者說了什么?錄音開頭提到說話者要給愛下定義，接下來指出將要談?wù)摰拇蠖鄶?shù)實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)際上更多地聚焦于吸引力而不是愛。D選項(xiàng)“更多地聚焦于吸引力而不是愛”是錄音原文的復(fù)現(xiàn)，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“它們形成了他建立愛的理論的基礎(chǔ)”在錄音中并沒有提及；B選項(xiàng)“它們實(shí)施了大約三十年了”，利用錄音中的thirtyyears設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，錄音中說的是說話人的同事在耶魯工作了近30年，并不是說實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)施了大約30年；C選項(xiàng)“是他在耶魯大學(xué)的前同事做的”錄音中確實(shí)提到了說話人以前的同事，但并沒有信息表明這些實(shí)驗(yàn)是他在耶魯?shù)那巴伦龅模虼薈選項(xiàng)排除。

17.WhatdoesRobertSternbergargueaboutlove?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問RobertSternberg對愛有什么看法？錄音提到在Sternberg的理論中，愛的第三個要素就是他所說的決定承諾。他主張，如果你不把它稱之為愛，如果你沒有想要維持這段關(guān)系的想法，那就不是愛。B選項(xiàng)中的wishto是對錄音原文中havesomedesireto的同義替換，因此B選項(xiàng)“如果你不想維持這段關(guān)系，那就不是愛”正確。A選項(xiàng)“如果沒有激情，這段關(guān)系就不會長久”這一信息在錄音中并沒有提及；C選項(xiàng)“沒有相互理解，不可能有浪漫”中并沒有提及mutualunderstanding（相互理解）；D選項(xiàng)“對于愛來講，親密是基本的，但并非絕對必要”，根據(jù)Sternberg的理論，愛的三要素就包括intimacy，因此D選項(xiàng)不正確。

18.WhatquestiondoesthespeakerthinkisinterestingaboutSternberg’sthreeelementsoflove?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于Sternberg的愛情三要素，說話者認(rèn)為哪個問題很有趣？錄音最后提到，根據(jù)Sternberg的理論，如果你擁有了親密、激情和承諾這三個要素，你就擁有了愛。但現(xiàn)在關(guān)于這個理論有趣的問題是，如果你只擁有三個中的一個或兩個的話，那你擁有的是什么呢？也就是說，如果其中任何一個要素缺失，那么該如何定義這段關(guān)系？C選項(xiàng)與原文表述相符，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“沒有承諾是否是真正的愛”，這一問題，Sternberg已經(jīng)給出明確的答案：沒有承諾就不是真正的愛，因此A選項(xiàng)可排除；B選項(xiàng)“哪一個被認(rèn)為是最重要的”并不是說話者認(rèn)為很有趣的問題；D選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)缺少了任何一個要素，都不會影響這段關(guān)系”與錄音表述不符，因此可排除。

7.翻譯題

Oneofthedilemmasofthisdecadehasbeenwhethertoapproachmodemeducationintermsofthegeneralistorthespecialist.Someuniversitiesrequireallstudentstotakeacommoncoreofcoursesfromabroadrangeofdisciplines,appealingtothegeneralistapproachtoeducation.Yet,choosingthecorecoursesinlightoftoday’sexplosionininformationanddiversemulticulturalstudentpopulationshasnotbeenaneasytask.Howdoesoneselectwhatitisthateveryoneshouldknow?Otheruniversitiescontinuetotailortheircoursestothemoreimmediateprofessionalneedsoftheirstudents,appealingtothespecialistapproachtoeducation.Butwithoutacorecurriculum,studentsoftenlackthesharedknowledgenecessarytoparticipateeffectivelyinanintegratedsociety.

【答案】這十年我們所面臨的矛盾之一，究竟應(yīng)該從通才還是專才的角度來看待現(xiàn)代教育。有些大學(xué)要求所有的學(xué)生都要選修一門涵蓋廣泛學(xué)科的共同核心課程，這對通才教育很有吸引力。但是，考慮到今天的信息爆炸和學(xué)生來自不同的文化背景，選擇共同課程不是一件容易的事。如何確定哪些是每個人都應(yīng)該知道的東西？另一些大學(xué)強(qiáng)調(diào)專才教育，根據(jù)學(xué)生更直接的專業(yè)需要來調(diào)整他們的課程。但是沒有一個共同課程，學(xué)生常常缺乏有效參與一個綜合的社會所需要的共同知識。

【解析】這十年我們所面臨的矛盾之一，究竟應(yīng)該從通才還是專才的角度來看待現(xiàn)代教育。有些大學(xué)要求所有的學(xué)生都要選修一門涵蓋廣泛學(xué)科的共同核心課程，這對通才教育很有吸引力。但是，考慮到今天的信息爆炸和學(xué)生來自不同的文化背景，選擇共同課程不是一件容易的事。如何確定哪些是每個人都應(yīng)該知道的東西？另一些大學(xué)強(qiáng)調(diào)專才教育，根據(jù)學(xué)生更直接的專業(yè)需要來調(diào)整他們的課程。但是沒有一個共同課程，學(xué)生常常缺乏有效參與一個綜合的社會所需要的共同知識。

8.單選題

Ⅸ.(LitigationProcedure)

Arelatedconsequenceofthetrial’sdisappearancewouldbetheincreasingbureaucratizationofAmericansociety.Corporatebureaucraciesrationallyorganizedtoachieveprofitmaximizationwouldbelessqualified.Wewouldhavetorelymorecompletelyonouroftenpoliticallybeleagueredadministrativeagenciestocontrolthelatter.Andevenwithinthelegalsystemitself,formalisticmodesofadjudication,whichparallelbureaucraticdecision-making,wouldbelessqualified.Bureaucraticmodesofsocialorderingseek“toexcludequestionsofvalueorpreferenceasobviouslyirrelevanttotheadministrativetask,anditwouldviewrelianceonnonreplicable,nonreviewablejudgmentorintuitionasasingularlyunattractivemethodfordecision”.InsofarasabureaucraticapparatusgrindsforwardmechanicallyandinexorablywemayendupwithwhatHannahArendthasfamouslycalledanirresponsible“rulebynobody”.

Itisunlikely,however,inmanycasesthatgeneralrulesreallydodecideparticularcases.Insteadofamechanicalsystemdecidingcasesdeductively,whatwewillprobablyhaveinmanycasesarejudgesdecidingcasesintheintersticesofcomplexruleswhichdonotthemselvesdecidethecase.Unlikethedevicesofthetrial,whichcanreally“getinside”thedecision-makerandwhosemoralsourcesactuallycantrumpthesubjectivityofalonedecision-maker,complexpatternsofjurisdictional,procedural,evidentiary,andsubstantiverulescaninvitemanipulationbyaCartesianjudgeviewingthoserulesfromadistance.Afterall,asJudgePosner,putit,“Thereisalmostnolegaloutcomethatareallyskillfullegalanalystcannotcoveroverwithlegalvarnish(漆)”atleast“whenthelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused”.Thegrimpicturethatthusemergesfromthetrial’sdisappearanceisabureaucratizedworldwheretherunofcasesaregroundoutbyanirresponsiblemechanismandtheremainingcases“whenthelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused”bytheuntutoredsubjectivityorpoliticalcommitmentsofthejudge.Thereisanothereffectofthedecliningimportanceofpublicprocessesofadjudication.

Wearecontinuingtoloseamajorsourceofpublicinformationonimportantquestionsofgeneralconcern.“Aslongascourtscontinuetobeplacesthatprovidepublicdatainvolumeandkindoutstrippingthatproducedaboutadjudicationinadministrativeagencies,andaslongasprivateprovidersdonotregularlydisseminateinformationaboutorprovideaccesstotheirprocesses,”then“withthedecliningtrialratecomesadiminutionofpublicknowledgeofdisputes,ofthebehaviorofjudges，andoftheforginginpublicofnormativeresponsestodiscord.”

83.Theunderlinedsentencemeansthatbureaucraticmodesofsocialordering___.

84.ThestatementclosestinmeaningtoJudgePosner’sstatementis___.

85.Whencourtscontinuetobeplacesthatprovidepublicdata,thedecliningtrialratedoesNOTcomewith___.

86.Accordingtotheauthor,whatwillNOThappeniftrialdisappearsintheUnitedStates?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.donotlookintovalueorpreferencebutratherrelyonjudgmentorintuitionwhenmakingdecision

B.havenothingtodowithvalueorpreference

C.areakindofadministrativetask

D.relyonjudgmentorintuition

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Areallyskillfullegalanalystcanalwayscoveroverhimself

B.Askillfuljudgecanalwaysfindalegalreasonforhisjudgment

C.Thelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused

D.Legalvarnishcancoveroverlegaloutcome

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.decreaseofpublicknowledgeofdisputes

B.diminutionofpublicinformationregardingjudges’behavior

C.growthofforginginpublicofnormativeresponsestodiscord

D.lesseningofpublicawarenessofforginginpublicofnormativeresponsestodiscord

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Formalisticmodesofadjudicationwouldbelessqualified.

B.Corporatebureaucracieswouldbecomelessqualified.

C.Peoplewouldhavetorelymorecompletelyonadministrativeagencies.

D.Bureaucraticdecision-makingwouldbequalified.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】83.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到劃線句子Bureaucraticmodesofsocialorderingseek“toexcludequestionsofvalueorpreferenceasobviouslyirrelevanttotheadministrativetask,anditwouldviewrelianceonnonreplicable,nonreviewablejudgmentorintuitionasasingularlyunattractivemethodfordecision”.（社會秩序的官僚模式尋求“排除與行政任務(wù)明顯無關(guān)的價值或偏好問題，并將依賴不可復(fù)制、不可審查的判斷或直覺視為一種非常沒有吸引力的決策方法”）可知官僚模式將直覺視為決策方法，選A選項(xiàng)“不考慮價值或偏好，而是依靠判斷或直覺做決定”；B選項(xiàng)“與價值或偏好無關(guān)”，C選項(xiàng)“是一種行政任務(wù)”以及D選項(xiàng)“依靠判斷或直覺”和原文不符。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

84.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“JudgePosner”定位到原文第二段Afterall,asJudgePosner,putit,“Thereisalmostnolegaloutcomethatareallyskillfullegalanalystcannotcoveroverwithlegalvarnish(漆)”atleast“whenthelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused”.（畢竟，正如波斯納法官所說，“幾乎沒有法律的結(jié)果是一個非常熟練的法律分析師不能用法律粉飾掩蓋的”，至少“當(dāng)法律是不確定的和情緒激動的時候”）可知選C選項(xiàng)“法律是不確定的和情緒激動的”；A選項(xiàng)“一個真正有技巧的法律分析師總能掩飾自己”，B選項(xiàng)“一個有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的法官總能為他的判決找到合法的理由”以及D選項(xiàng)“法律粉飾可以掩蓋法律結(jié)果”不符合原文。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

85.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“thedecliningtrialrate”定位到原文最后一段“withthedecliningtrialratecomesadiminutionofpublicknowledgeofdisputes,ofthebehaviorofjudges，andoftheforginginpublicofnormativeresponsestodiscord.”（“隨著審判率的下降，公眾對糾紛、法官行為和公眾對不和諧的規(guī)范反應(yīng)的了解也會減少?！保┛芍狢選項(xiàng)“在公眾場合形成對不和諧的規(guī)范反應(yīng)”原文未涉及；A選項(xiàng)“減少公眾對糾紛的認(rèn)識”，B選項(xiàng)“減少關(guān)于法官行為的公共信息”以及D選項(xiàng)“公眾意識的削弱，在公眾中偽造對不和諧的規(guī)范反應(yīng)”原文有提及。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

86.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字定位到原文第二段Thegrimpicturethatthusemergesfromthetrial’sdisappearanceisabureaucratizedworldwheretherunofcasesaregroundoutbyanirresponsiblemechanismandtheremainingcases“whenthelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused”bytheuntutoredsubjectivityorpoliticalcommitmentsofthejudge.（因此，從審判的消失中出現(xiàn)的嚴(yán)峻景象是一個官僚化的世界，在這個世界上，案件的運(yùn)行是由一個不負(fù)責(zé)任的機(jī)制進(jìn)行的，而剩下的案件則是“在法律不確定的情況下，由法官未經(jīng)訓(xùn)練的主觀性或政治承諾引起的情緒”所影響）可知D選項(xiàng)“官僚決策將是合格的”不會發(fā)生；A選項(xiàng)“形式主義的裁決模式不合格”，B選項(xiàng)“公司官僚機(jī)構(gòu)將變得不那么合格”以及C選項(xiàng)“人們將不得不更完全地依賴行政機(jī)構(gòu)”都會發(fā)生。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Thesealcandivetoadepthofabout1600feetandremain（）foraslongasanhourandtenminutes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.breathless

B.fearless

C.submerged

D.unconscious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。breathless屏息；fearless無畏的，大膽的；submerge沉浸，淹沒；unconscious無意識的。由前半句可知海豹可以在1600英尺的海里潛水，由dive及remain可推知海豹能保持屏息…。故A項(xiàng)符合題意。句意：海豹可以潛入1600英尺深的海里，并且能保持屏息一小時十分鐘。

10.單選題

AsnineteenthcenturyAmericanculturalaspirationsexpanded,womensteppedintoanewroleasinterpretersofart,bothbywritingworksonarthistoryandbyteachingart.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ambitions

B.imagination

C.patronage

D.opportunities

【答案】A

【解析】句意：隨著19世紀(jì)美國文化抱負(fù)的擴(kuò)大，女性通過撰寫藝術(shù)史作品和教授藝術(shù)，開始扮演藝術(shù)印象派的新角色。aspirations意為“愿望，志向，抱負(fù)”。ambitions抱負(fù)，雄心，野心；imagination想象（力），空想；patronage贊助，光顧；opportunities機(jī)會。選項(xiàng)A與之意思相近。

11.單選題

Peoplewholiketowearredclothesaremorelikelytobetalkativeand（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.vivacious

B.perilous

C.introverted

D.lucrative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)vivacious“可愛的，活潑的”；B選項(xiàng)perilous“冒險(xiǎn)的，危險(xiǎn)的”；C選項(xiàng)introverted“內(nèi)向的，不喜歡交往的”；D選項(xiàng)lucrative“獲利多的，賺錢的”。由and可知空格處與talkative（健談的）表示的意思相同，因此選A。句意：喜歡穿紅衣服的人更有可能健談、活潑。

12.單選題

Somethingssimplycannotbealteredand（）peopleacceptthis,notwastingenergyontryingtodotheimpossible.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rough

B.plastic

C.harsh

D.resilient

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)rough“粗糙的”，B項(xiàng)plastic“塑料的”，C項(xiàng)harsh“嚴(yán)厲的、刺耳的”，D項(xiàng)resilient“可迅速恢復(fù)的、堅(jiān)韌的”；句意：有些東西根本無法改變，有韌性的人能接受這一點(diǎn)，不會浪費(fèi)精力來做不可能的事。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Writingisaslowprocess,requiring（

）thought,time,andeffort.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.significant

B.enormous

C.considerable

D.numerous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。significant“有重大意義的，顯著的”;enormous“巨大的,龐大的”；considerable“相當(dāng)多（或大、重要等）的”；numerous“眾多的，許多的”一般用來修飾可數(shù)名詞。句意：寫作是一個緩慢的過程，需要大量的思考、時間和努力。根據(jù)題干中的“thought,time,andeffort”可知C項(xiàng)符合題意。因此答案選C。

14.單選題

IarrivedattheairportsolatethatI（）missedtheplane.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.only

B.quite

C.narrowly

D.seldom

【答案】C

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)only表示“僅僅，只有”，B選項(xiàng)quite表示“相當(dāng)；非常；很”，C選項(xiàng)narrowly表示“狹窄地；勉強(qiáng)地，以毫厘之差，仔細(xì)地”，D選項(xiàng)seldom表示“很少，不常”。由句意可知，我到飛機(jī)場非常晚，差點(diǎn)兒誤機(jī)。因此，只有C項(xiàng)最符合原句語境，故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

15.單選題

Californiahasmorelightthanitknow________todowithbuteverythingelseisexpensive.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.how

B.what

C.which

D.where

【答案】B

【解析】考查從句引導(dǎo)詞。句意：加利福尼亞只有陽光多得不知怎么處理，而其余所有東西都很貴。分析句子成分than作連詞連接兩個句子，第二個句子it指代加州，know作謂語，后面接的是賓語。

16.單選題

Recentlyanumberofcaseshavebeenreportedofyoungchildren（）aviolentactpreviouslyseenontelevision.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.duplicating

B.accelerating

C.stimulating

D.modifying

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。duplicate復(fù)制；accelerate加速，促進(jìn)；stimulate刺激，鼓舞；modify修改，修飾。從前后語義可推測兒童與從電視上看到的暴力行為之間的關(guān)系，應(yīng)該是兒童模仿電視上的暴力行為。故A項(xiàng)正確。句意：最近有一些兒童模仿電視上的暴力行為的報(bào)道。

17.單選題

InEnglishlearning,a（）circleoccurswhenastudentmakesmoreerrorsafterbeingscolded.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.vigorous

B.vicious

C.voluntary

D.vertical

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)vigorous“精力充沛的，有力的”；B選項(xiàng)vicious“惡劣的，嚴(yán)重的”；C選項(xiàng)voluntary“志愿的；自發(fā)的”；D選項(xiàng)vertical“垂直的；直上的”。句意：在英語學(xué)習(xí)中，如果學(xué)生挨罵后犯錯更多，就會形成（）循環(huán)。根據(jù)語境，vicious“惡劣的，嚴(yán)重的”搭配circle“循環(huán)”比較合理，翻譯成惡性循環(huán)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

18.翻譯題

Theatomicnumber(原子序數(shù))isequaltothenumberofelectronsperatomor,whatisequivalent,thenumberofprotons(質(zhì)子)pernucleus.

【答案】原子序數(shù)等于每個原子的電子數(shù)或者相當(dāng)于每個原子核的質(zhì)子數(shù)。

19.單選題

8.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Acustomsofficer.

B.Theman'smother.

C.Aschoolheadmaster.

D.Animmigrationofficer.

【答案】D

【解析】W:Weunderstandthatyouarenotattendingschool.

M:I’vebeenattending,but,I’vebeensickrecently.

W:You’veattendedonlythreedayssincelastJuly.

M:Threedays?No.It’sbeenmorethanthat.

W:Wearegoingtohavetotakeawayyourvisa.

Q:Whatisthewoman?

【解析】推斷題。女士說：Wearegoingtohavetotakeawayyourvisa(我們得收回你的簽證)，說明女士是一名移民官。

20.單選題

She’salwaysbeenkindtome—Ican’tjustturn（

）onhernowthatsheneedsmyhelp.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.myback

B.myhead

C.myeye

D.shoulder

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。turnmybackonsomeone意為對某人不理睬。

21.單選題

Non-violentdirectactionrubs（）ofpopularopinioninordertogetitselfnoticedamidaseaofself-interest,apathyandday-to-daydistractions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.againstthegrain

B.againstthesalt

C.withagrain

D.withasalt

【答案】A

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)題意，非暴力的直接行動違背公眾的意見，為了讓自己在自我利益、漠不關(guān)心和日常的干擾中引人注目。所以這里是指與公眾的意見相違背。選項(xiàng)C和D可排除。搭配“againstthegrain”的意思為“格格不入，違反意愿”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

22.單選題

Whatoursocietysuffersfrommosttodayistheabsenceofconsensusaboutwhatitandlifeinitoughttobe;suchconsensuscannotbegainedfromsociety'spresentstage,orfromfantasiesaboutwhatitoughttobe.Forthatthepresentistoocloseandtoodiversified,andthefuturetoouncertain,tomakebelievableclaimsaboutit.Aconsensusinthepresenthencecanbeachievedonlythroughasharedunderstandingofthepast,asHomer'sepicsinformedthosewholivedcenturieslaterwhatitmeanttobeGreek,andbywhatimagesandidealstheyweretolivetheirlivesandorganizetheirsocieties.

Mostsocietiesderiveconsensusfromalonghistory,alanguagealltheirown,acommonreligion,commonancestry.Themythsbywhichtheylivearebasedonallofthese.ButtheUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrants,comingfromagreatvarietyofnations.Lately,ithasbeenemphasizedthatanasocial,narcissisticpersonalityhasbecomecharacteristicofAmericans,andthatitisthistypeofpersonalitythatmakesforthelackofwell-being,becauseitpreventsusfromachievingconsensusthatwouldcounteractatendencytowithdrawintoprivateworlds.Inthisstudyofnarcissism,ChristopherLashsaysthatmodernman,"torturedbyself-consciousnessturnstonewtherapiesnottofreehimselfofhispersonalworriesbuttofindmeaningandpurposeinlife,tofindsomethingtolivefor".Thereiswidespreaddistressbecausenationalmoralehasdeclinedandwehavelostanearliersenseofnationalvisionandpurpose.

Contrarytorigidreligionsorpoliticalbeliefs,asarefoundintotalitariansocieties,ourcultureisoneofthegreatindividualdifferences,atleastinprincipleandintheorybutthisleadstodisunity,evenchaos.Americansbelieveinthevalueofdiversitybutjustbecauseoursisasocietybasedonindividualdiversity,itneedsconsensusaboutsomedominatingideasmorethansocietiesbasedonuniform,originoftheircitizens.Hence,ifwearetohaveconsensus,itmustbebasedonamyth—avisionaboutacommonexperience,aconquestthatmadeusAmericans,asthemythabouttheconquestofTroyformedtheGreeks,onlyacommonmythcanofferrelieffromthefearthatlifeiswithoutmeaningorpurpose.Mythspermitustoexamineourplaceintheworldbycomparingittoasharedidea.Mythsaresharedfantasiesthatform,thetiethatbindstheindividualtoothermembersofhisgroup.Suchmythshelptowardofffeelingsofisolations,guilt,anxiety,andpurposelessness—inshort,theycombatisolationandthebreakdownofsocialstandardsandvalues.

1.Intheeyesoftheauthor,thegreatesttroublewiththeUSsocietymayliein（

）.

2.TheasocialpersonalityofAmericansmaystemfrom（

）.

3.Homer'sepicsismentionedinParagraph1inorderto（

）.

4.Theword"consensus"isclosestinmeaningto（

）.

5.Theword"our"inSentence1,Paragraph3refersto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thenon-existenceofconsensusontheformsofthesocietyshouldtake

B.thelackofdivergenceoverthecommonorganizationsofsociallife.

C.thenon-acceptanceofasocietybasedonindividualdiversity

D.thepervasivedistresscausedbynationalmoraledecline.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theabsenceofacommonreligion

B.themultiracialconstituentsoftheUSsociety

C.thewantofsharedmythstheypossessinlife

D.thecounterbalanceton