考研考博-英語-惠州衛(wèi)生職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-惠州衛(wèi)生職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Allstudents（）aloudlaughwhenProfessorHenryFordtoldthemthejoke.?

問題1選項

A.letoff

B.letdown

C.letout

D.letup

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項letoff“寬恕，準(zhǔn)許”；B選項letdown“使失望”；C選項letout“發(fā)出，泄露”；D選項letup“停止，放松”。根據(jù)句意“當(dāng)HenryFord教授講這個笑話時，所有學(xué)生都大笑起來?！边@里是指發(fā)出笑聲，所以選項C符合句意。

2.單選題

Thesoilispartoftheearth,（）theatmosphere.

問題1選項

A.asitis

B.thesameis

C.sois

D.andsois

【答案】D

【解析】asitis

實際上,

事實上,

既然如此；same常用搭配是thesameas；選項C缺少連詞，所以本題選項D。句意：土地是地球的一部分,

大氣也是。

3.單選題

______mapthatdatedbacktoabout3,000B.C.

問題1選項

A.Theoldestknown

B.Itwastheoldestknown

C.Knownastheoldest

D.Knowntobetheoldest

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處缺少主語。It做主語，was是謂語動詞，theoldestknownmap是表語，datedbacktoabout3000B.C.做map的后置定語。句意：這是已知最古老的地圖，大約可以追溯到公元前3000年。因此只有B項正確。

4.單選題

Itwouldbeenormouslyconvenienttohaveasingle,generallyacceptedindexoftheeconomicandsocialwelfareofthepeopleoftheUnitedStates.Aglanceatitwouldtellushowmuchbetterorworseoffwehadbecomeeachyear,andwewouldjudgethedesirabilityofanyproposedactionbyaskingwhetheritwouldraiseorlowerthisindex.Somerecentdiscussionimpliesthatsuchanindexcouldbeconstructed.ArticlesinthepopularpressevencriticizetheGrossNationalProductionbecauseitisnotsuchacompleteindexofwelfare,ignoring,ontheonehand,thatitwasneverintendedtobe,andsuggesting,ontheotherhand,thatwithappropriatechangesitcouldbeconvertedintoone.

Theoutputavailabletosatisfyourwantsandneedsisoneimportantdeterminantofwelfare.Whateverwant,need,orsocialproblemengagesourattention,weordinarilycanmoreeasilyfindresourcestodealwithitwhenoutputislargeandgrowingthanwhenitisnot.GNPmeasuresoutputfairlywell,buttoevaluatewelfarewewouldneedadditionalmeasureswhichwouldbefarmoredifficulttoconstruct.Wewouldneedanindexofrealcostsincurredinproduction,becausewearebetteroffifwegetthesameoutputatlesscost.Useofjustman-hoursforwelfareevaluationwouldunreasonablyimplythattoincreasetotalhoursbyraisingthehoursofeightwomenfrom60to65aweekimposesnomoreburdenthanraisingthehoursofeightmenfrom40to45aweek,oreventhanhiringoneinvoluntarilyunemployedpersonfor40hoursaweek.Ameasureofrealcostsoflaborwouldalsohavetoconsiderworkingconditions.Mostofusspendalmosthalfourwakinghoursonthejobandourwelfareisvitallyaffectedbythecircumstancesinwhichwespendthosehours.

Tomeasurewelfarewewouldneedameasureofchangesintheneedouroutputmustsatisfy.Oneaspect,populationchange,isnowhandledbyconvertingoutputtoapercapitabasisontheassumptionthat,otherthingsequal,twiceasmanypeopleneedtwiceasmanygoodsandservicestobeequallywelloff.Butanindexofneedswouldalsoaccountfordifferencesintherequirementsforlivingasthepopulationbecomesmoreurbanizedandsuburbanized;forthechangesinnationaldefenserequirements;andforchangesintheeffectofweatheronourneeds.Theindexwouldhavetotellusthecostofmeetingourneedsinabaseyearcomparedwiththecostofmeetingthemequallywellunderthecircumstancesprevailingineveryotheryear.

Measuresofneedsshadeintomeasureofthehumanandphysicalenvironmentinwhichwelive.Weallareenormouslyaffectedbythepeoplearoundus.Canwegowherewelikewithoutfearofattack?Wearealsoaffectedbythephysicalenvironment—purityofwaterandair,accessibilityofparklandandotherconditions.Tomeasurethisrequiresaccuratedata,butsuchdataaregenerallydeficient.Moreover,weightingisrequired:tocombinerobberiesandmurdersinacrimeindex;tocombinepollutionofthePotomacandpollutionofLakeErieintoawaterpollutionindex;andthentocombinecrimeandwaterpollutionintosomegeneralindex.Butthereisnobasisforweightingthesebeyondindividualpreference.

Therearefurtherproblems.Tomeasurewelfarewewouldneedanindexofthegoodnessofthedistributionofincome.Thereissurelyconsensusthatgiventhesametotalincomeandoutput,adistributionwithfewerfamiliesinpovertywouldbethebetter,butwhatistheidealdistribution?Evenifwecouldconstructindexesofoutput,realcosts,needs,stateoftheenvironment,wecouldnotcomputeawelfareindexbecausewehavenosystemofweightstocombinethem.

1.Theauthor’sprimaryconcernisto______.

2.Theauthorimpliesthatman-hoursisnotanappropriatemeasureofrealcostbecauseit______.

3.Themostimportantreasonwhyasingleindexofwelfarecannotbedesignedisthat______.

4.AnadequatemeasureofneedmusttakeintoaccountallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.

5.Theauthorregardstheideaofageneralindexofwelfareas______.

問題1選項

A.refuteargumentsforaposition

B.makeaproposalanddefendit

C.showdefectsinaproposal

D.reviewliteraturerelevanttoaproblem

問題2選項

A.ignorestheconditionsunderwhichtheoutputisgenerated

B.failstotakeintoconsiderationtheenvironmentalcostsofproduction

C.isnotaneffectivemethodforreducingunemployment

D.wasneverintendedtobeageneralmeasureofwelfare

問題3選項

A.thecostassociatedwithproducingtheindexwouldbeprohibitive

B.considerableempiricalresearchwouldhavetobedoneregardingoutputandneeds

C.anyweightingofvariousmeasuresintoageneralindexwouldbeinherentlysubjective

D.accuratestatisticsoncrimeandpollutionarenotyetavailable

問題4選項

A.changeeffectsonpeopleoftheweather

B.differencesinneedsofurbanandsuburbanpopulations

C.changingrequirementsforgovernmentalprogramssuchasdefense

D.accessibilityofparklandandotherpremises

問題5選項

A.anunrealisticdream

B.animportantcontribution

C.afuturenecessity

D.adesirablechange

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一句即本文的主旨句“Itwouldbeenormouslyconvenienttohaveasingle,generallyacceptedindexoftheeconomicandsocialwelfareofthepeopleoftheUnitedStates.（如果有一個單一的、普遍接受的指標(biāo)，用以衡量美國人的經(jīng)濟和社會福利，那將是極其方便的。）”，作者在文章中主要分析的是該論點的不可行性，所以A選項“反駁某一立場的論點”符合題意。B選項“提出建議并為之辯護”；C選項“顯示提案中的缺陷”；D選項“回顧與問題相關(guān)的文獻”。因此A選項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Wewouldneedanindexofrealcostsincurredinproduction,becausewearebetteroffifwegetthesameoutputatlesscost.Useofjustman-hoursforwelfareevaluationwouldunreasonablyimplythattoincreasetotalhoursbyraisingthehoursofeightwomenfrom60to65aweekimposesnomoreburdenthanraisingthehoursofeightmenfrom40to45aweek,oreventhanhiringoneinvoluntarilyunemployedpersonfor40hoursaweek.Ameasureofrealcostsoflaborwouldalsohavetoconsiderworkingconditions.（我們需要一個指數(shù)，用于測量生產(chǎn)涉及的實際成本，因為如果我們用較低成本獲取同樣的產(chǎn)值，這說明我們更富有。用工時來衡量福利狀況是不合理的，這意味著：將8名婦女每周的總工時從60小時提高到65小時，與將8個男人每周的工時從40小時提高到45小時，或甚至雇用一個非自愿失業(yè)的人每周工作40小時，增加的負擔(dān)是一樣的。要計算實際的勞動力成本，還要考慮工作條件。）”由此可知作者認(rèn)為工時不是衡量實際成本的適當(dāng)方法，因為工作條件也應(yīng)該被考慮到，所以A選項“忽略了輸出生成的條件”符合題意。B選項“沒有考慮生產(chǎn)的環(huán)境成本”；C選項“不是減少失業(yè)的有效方法”；D選項“從來不是用來衡量福利的一般標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”。因此A選項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段“Measuresofneedsshadeintomeasureofthehumanandphysicalenvironmentinwhichwelive...Butthereisnobasisforweightingthesebeyondindividualpreference.（測量‘需求’最終會轉(zhuǎn)化為測量我們生活的人類環(huán)境和自然環(huán)境……但是，這些測算結(jié)果除個人的偏好以外沒有其他基礎(chǔ)。）”由此可知，我們可以分別測量各種指標(biāo)，并最終將這些測算結(jié)果合成一個綜合指標(biāo)，但是，作者在本段最后一句指出，這些測算結(jié)果除個人的偏好以外沒有其他基礎(chǔ)，所以C選項“任何將各種衡量方法納入一個綜合指數(shù)的權(quán)重本身都是主觀的”符合題意。A選項“與生產(chǎn)指數(shù)相關(guān)的成本將是令人望而卻步的”；B選項“必須對產(chǎn)出和需求進行大量的實證研究”；D選項“關(guān)于犯罪和污染的準(zhǔn)確統(tǒng)計數(shù)字尚未可用”。因此C選項正確。

24.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Butanindexofneedswouldalsoaccountfordifferencesintherequirementsforlivingasthepopulationbecomesmoreurbanizedandsuburbanized;forthechangesinnationaldefenserequirements;andforchangesintheeffectofweatheronourneeds.（但測量‘需求’要考慮下列因素：隨著人口的城市化和市郊化，人們對生活的不同要求；國防需要的變化；天氣變化對我們的需求的影響。）”，由此可知A選項“天氣變化對人們的影響”；B選項“城市和郊區(qū)人口需求的差異”；C選項“政府項目（如國防）需求的變化”都正確，第四段提到“Wearealsoaffectedbythephysicalenvironment—purityofwaterandair,accessibilityofparklandandotherconditions.Tomeasurethisrequiresaccuratedata,butsuchdataaregenerallydeficient.（我們還受到物理環(huán)境的影響，水和空氣的純度，公園土地的可達性等條件。要衡量這一點需要準(zhǔn)確的數(shù)據(jù)，但這些數(shù)據(jù)通常是不足的。）”，所以D選項“公園用地和其他場所的可達性”不正確，因此該題應(yīng)選D選項。

5.作者意圖題。最后一段指出“Evenifwecouldconstructindexesofoutput,realcosts,needs,stateoftheenvironment,wecouldnotcomputeawelfareindexbecausewehavenosystemofweightstocombinethem.（即使我們能設(shè)計出測量產(chǎn)量、實際成本、需求、環(huán)境狀況的各種指數(shù)，我們也計算不出福利指數(shù)，因為我們?nèi)狈Π阉鼈兙C合在一起的權(quán)重體系。）”，由此可知作者認(rèn)為福利總指數(shù)的概念并不能被實現(xiàn)，因此A選項“不切實際的夢”符合題意。B選項“是一項重要貢獻”；C選項“未來的必需品”；D選項“理想的變化”。因此A選項正確。

5.單選題

TheAmericansdifferfromtheChineseintheirabilityto________conversationswithstrangers.

問題1選項

A.holdback

B.enterinto

C.pickup

D.turndown

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項“隱瞞，退縮，抑制，阻止”；B選項“進入”；C選項“撿起，獲得，收拾”；D選項“調(diào)小，拒絕”。句意：美國人和中國人在與（）陌生人交談的能力上有所不同。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞：conversationswithstrangers，搭配最準(zhǔn)確的是enterinto所以答案選B。

6.單選題

Thecat’shappyexpressionboretestimonythatithadeatenthecream.

問題1選項

A.doubt

B.proof

C.experience

D.revelation

【答案】B

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項doubt“懷疑，質(zhì)疑”；B選項proof“證明，驗證”；C選項experience“經(jīng)驗，經(jīng)歷，體驗”；D選項revelation“啟示，揭示”。句意：那只貓快樂的表情證明它吃了奶油。Testimony“證據(jù)，證詞”，由此可知B選項與該詞意思最相近，因此B選項正確。

7.單選題

Mr.Smithhadanunusual（）:hewasfirstanofficeclerk,thenasailor,andendedupasaschoolteacher.

問題1選項

A.profession

B.occupation

C.position

D.career

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項profession“職業(yè)；專業(yè)”，一般是指需要經(jīng)過專業(yè)培訓(xùn)的職業(yè)，尤指需要較高的受教育水平的職業(yè)；B選項occupation“職業(yè)；占有”，泛指任何一種工作，多用于表格填寫或正式書面語中；C選項position“位置；職位”，多指所處的方位；D選項career“生涯；職業(yè)”，指從事的職業(yè)或希望畢生從事的事業(yè)。句意：史密斯先生有一個不同尋常的職業(yè)生涯：他最初是一名辦公室職員，然后是一名水手，最后成為一所學(xué)校的老師。他的職業(yè)從職員到水手，最后到老師，是一段任職經(jīng)歷，而不單單指一份職業(yè)，故選D。

8.單選題

Thenewcolleague（）tohaveworkedinseveralbigcorporationsbeforehejoinedourcompany.

問題1選項

A.confirms

B.declares

C.confesses

D.claims

【答案】D

【解析】近義詞辨析。confirm確認(rèn)，證實;declare宣布，聲明;選項A和B都是后接名詞短語或that從句;confess承認(rèn)，坦白，confess(to)doingsth.承認(rèn)做過某事;claim聲稱，斷言，后可接名詞短語、that從句,也可接不定式短語,不定式中的動作發(fā)生在claim之前,則用不定式完成式。所以選項D正確。

9.單選題

3.

問題1選項

A.Itisfast.

B.Itisslow.

C.Itworkswell.

D.Itisnotworking.

【答案】B

【解析】W:Canthatclockberight,10:30?

M:Thatclockisalwaysoff.It’s11:05.

Q:Whatistrueabouttheclock?

【解析】細節(jié)題。從對話兩個時間點可知，這個鐘慢了。

10.單選題

Peoplewillbelookingintoseehowgoodwearenowandwhetheroursuccesshasjustbeena（）inthepan.

問題1選項

A.flare

B.glitter

C.spark

D.flash

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項flare“閃耀”；B選項glitter“燦爛”；C選項spark“火花”；D選項flash“閃光”。句意：人們會來看看我們現(xiàn)在有多好，我們的成功是否只是曇花一現(xiàn)。flashinthepan，固定搭配，“曇花一現(xiàn)”。因此D選項正確。

11.單選題

TheChinese,whobegansystematicastronomicalandweatherobservationsshortlyaftertheancientEgyptians,wereassiduousrecord-keepers,andbecauseofthis,canclaimhumanity’slongestcontinuous（

）ofnaturalevents.

問題1選項

A.defiance

B.documentation

C.maintenance

D.domination

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析。A選項“挑釁，蔑視”；B選項“文件編制，文檔”；C選項“維持，保養(yǎng)”；D選項“支配，統(tǒng)治”；根據(jù)句意‘繼古埃及人之后旋即展開了有系統(tǒng)的天文與氣候觀察的中國人可謂是勤勉不輟的文獻記錄者，并且基于這一原因，中國人可聲稱擁有人類歷史上對自然事件最悠久連續(xù)的文獻記載。’確定B選項正確。

12.單選題

Theshiftfromsilenttosoundfilmattheendofthe1920smarks,sofar,themostimportanttransformationinmotionpicturehistory.Despiteallthehighlyvisibletechnologicaldevelopmentsintheatricalandhomedeliveryofthemovingimagethathaveoccurredoverthedecadessincethen,nosingleinnovationhascomeclosetobeingregardedasasimilarkindofwatershed.Innearlyeverylanguage,howeverthewordsarephrased,themostbasicdivisionincinemahistoryliesbetweenfilmsthataremuteandfilmsthatspeak.

Yetthismostfundamentalstandardofhistoricalperiodizationconcealsahostofparadoxes.Nearlyeverymovietheater,howevermodest,hadapianoororgantoprovidemusicalaccompanimenttosilentpictures.Inmanyinstances,spectatorsintheerabeforerecordedsoundexperiencedelaborateauralpresentationsalongsidemovies’visualimages,fromtheJapanesebenshi(narrators)craftingmultivoiceddialoguenarrativestooriginalmusicalcompositionsperformedbysymphony-sizeorchestrasinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.InBerlin,forthepremiereperformanceoutsidetheSovietUnionofTheBattleshipPotemkin,filmdirectorSergeiEisensteinworkedwithAustriancomposerEdmundMeisel(1874-1930)onamusicalscorematchingsoundtoimage;theBerlinscreeningswithlivemusichelpedtobringthefilmitswideinternationalfame.

Beyondthat,thetriumphofrecordedsoundhasovershadowedtherichdiversityoftechnologicalandaestheticexperimentswiththevisualimagethatweregoingforwardsimultaneouslyinthe1920s.Newcolorprocesses,largerordifferentlyshapedscreensizes,multiple-screenprojections,eventelevision,wereamongthedevelopmentsinventedortriedoutduringtheperiod,sometimeswithstartlingsuccess.Thehighcostsofconvertingtosoundandtheearlylimitationsofsoundtechnologywereamongthefactorsthatsuppressedinnovationsorretardedadvancementintheseotherareas.Theintroductionofnewscreenformatswasputoffforaquartercentury,andcolor,thoughutilizedoverthenexttwodecadesforspecialproductions,alsodidnotbecomeanormuntilthe1950s.

Thoughitmaybedifficulttoimaginefromalaterperspective,astrainofcriticalopinioninthe1920spredictedthatsoundfilmwouldbeatechnicalnoveltythatwouldsoonfadefromsight,justashadmanypreviousattempts,datingwellbackbeforetheFirstWorldWar,tolinkimageswithrecordedsound.Thesecriticsweremakingacommonassumption—thatthetechnologicalinadequaciesofearlierefforts(poorsynchronization,weaksoundamplification,fragilesoundrecordings)wouldinvariablyoccuragain.Tobesure,theirevaluationofthetechnicalflawsin1920ssoundexperimentswasnotsofaroffthemark,yettheyneglectedtotakeintoaccountimportantnewforcesinthemotionpicturefieldthat,inasense,wouldnottakenoforananswer.

Theseforcesweretherapidlyexpandingelectronicsandtelecommunicationscompaniesthatweredevelopingandlinkingtelephoneandwirelesstechnologiesinthe1920s.IntheUnitedStates,theyincludedsuchfirmsasAmericanTelephoneandTelegraph,GeneralElectric,andWestinghouse.Theywereinterestedinallformsofsoundtechnologyandallpotentialrevenuesforcommercialexploitation.TheircompetitionandcollaborationwerecreatingthebroadcastingindustryintheUnitedStates,beginningwiththeintroductionofcommercialradioprogrammingintheearly1920s.Withfinancialassetsconsiderablygreaterthanthoseinthemotionpictureindustry,andperhapsawidervisionoftherelationshipsamongentertainmentandcommunicationsmedia,theyrevitalizedresearchintorecordingsoundformotionpictures.

In1929theUnitedStatesmotionpictureindustryreleasedmorethan300soundfilms—aroughfigure,sinceanumberweresilentfilmswithmusictracks,orfilmspreparedindualversions,totakeaccountofthemanycinemasnotyetwiredforsound.Attheproductionlevel,intheUnitedStatestheconversionwasvirtuallycompleteby1930.InEuropeittookalittlelonger,mainlybecausethereweremoresmallproducersforwhomthecostsofsoundwereprohibitive,andinotherpartsoftheworldproblemswithrightsoraccesstoequipmentdelayedtheshifttosoundproductionforafewmoreyears(thoughcinemasinmajorcitiesmayhavebeenwiredinordertoplayforeignsoundfilms).Thetriumphofsoundcinemawasswift,complete,andenormouslypopular.

46.Accordingtoparagraph1,whichofthefollowingisthemostsignificantdevelopmentinthehistoryoffilm?

47.Whydoestheauthormention“Japanesebenshi”and“originalmusicalcompositions”?

48.Theunderlinedword“overshadowed”inparagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.

49.WhichofthefollowingaccountsforthedelayintheconversiontosoundfilmsinEurope?

問題1選項

A.Thetechnologicalinnovationofsoundfilmduringthe1920’s.

B.Theinventionofamethodfordeliveringmoviestopeople’shome.

C.Thedevelopmentofatechnologyfortranslatingfilmsintootherlanguages.

D.Thetechnologicalimprovementsallowingclearerimagesinfilms.

問題2選項

A.Tosuggestthataudiencespreferredotherformsofentertainmenttofilmbeforethetransitiontosoundinthe1920’s.

B.Toprovideexamplesofsomeofthefirstsoundsthatwererecordedforfilm.

C.Toindicatesomewaysinwhichsoundaccompaniedfilmbeforetheinnovationofsoundinthelate1920’s.

D.Toshowhowtheuseofsoundinfilmschangedduringdifferenthistoricalperiods.

問題3選項

A.distractedfrom

B.explained

C.conducted

D.coordinatedwith

問題4選項

A.Europeanproducersoftenlackedknowledgeaboutthenecessaryequipmentforthetransitiontosoundfilms.

B.SmallerEuropeanproducerswereoftenunabletoaffordtoaddsoundtotheirfilms.

C.Itwasoftendifficulttowireoldercinemasinthemajorcitiestoplaysoundfilms.

D.SmallerEuropeanproducersbelievedthatsilentfilmswithmusicaccompanimentwereaestheticallysuperiortosoundfilms.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】46.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“根據(jù)第一段，下面哪個是電影史上最重要的發(fā)展？”。根據(jù)第一段第一句Theshiftfromsilenttosoundfilmattheendofthe1920smarks,sofar,themostimportanttransformationinmotionpicturehistory.（20世紀(jì)20年代末，無聲電影向有聲電影的轉(zhuǎn)變標(biāo)志著電影史上迄今為止最重要的轉(zhuǎn)變。）可知，電影史上最重要的發(fā)展是從無聲電影到有聲電影的轉(zhuǎn)變，A項“20世紀(jì)20年代有聲電影的技術(shù)革新”正確。由第二句話Despiteallthehighlyvisibletechnologicaldevelopmentsintheatricalandhomedeliveryofthemovingimagethathaveoccurredoverthedecadessincethen,nosingleinnovationhascomeclosetobeingregardedasasimilarkindofwatershed.（盡管從那以后的幾十年里，在戲劇和家庭中移動影像的傳輸方面出現(xiàn)了所有高度可見的技術(shù)發(fā)展，但沒有任何一項創(chuàng)新能夠被視為類似的分水嶺。）可知，B項“一種把電影送到人們家里的方法的發(fā)明”、C項“將電影翻譯成其他語言的技術(shù)的發(fā)展”和D項“技術(shù)的改進使電影中的圖像更加清晰”都不是。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

47.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“為什么作者提及‘日本配音師’和‘原創(chuàng)音樂作品’？”。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第二段第三句Inmanyinstances,spectatorsintheerabeforerecordedsoundexperiencedelaborateauralpresentationsalongsidemovies’visualimages,fromtheJapanesebenshi(narrators)craftingmultivoiceddialoguenarrativestooriginalmusicalcompositionsperformedbysymphony-sizeorchestrasinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.（在許多情況下，在有聲電影出現(xiàn)之前的時代，觀眾在體驗電影視覺圖像的同時，也體驗了精心制作的聽覺呈現(xiàn)，從日本配音師，即敘述者，制作的多聲音對話敘事到歐美交響樂團演奏的原創(chuàng)音樂作品。），從中我們可以推斷，在有聲電影出現(xiàn)之前，觀眾在觀看無聲電影時，也能夠體驗到精心制作的聽覺呈現(xiàn)，包括對話敘事和原創(chuàng)音樂，這是說明聲音陪伴電影的方式，C項“指出在20世紀(jì)20年代后期聲音發(fā)明之前，聲音陪伴電影的一些方式”符合題意，由此也可知A項“暗示在20世紀(jì)20年代向有聲電影過渡之前，觀眾更喜歡其他形式的娛樂”錯誤。B項“提供一些為電影錄制的最初聲音的例子”，提供例子的目的本身就是為了說明有聲電影之前，聲音陪伴電影的一些方式，該項不正確；D項“展示電影中聲音的使用在不同的歷史時期是如何變化的”，第二段并沒有論述歷史時期的變化，D項錯誤。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

48.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語義推測題。題干意思是“第三段中下劃線的單詞overshadowed的意思與……最接近”。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段第一句Beyondthat,thetriumphofrecordedsoundhasovershadowedtherichdiversityoftechnologicalandaestheticexperimentswiththevisualimagethatweregoingforwardsimultaneouslyinthe1920s.（除此之外，錄制聲音的勝利已經(jīng)……20世紀(jì)20年代同時發(fā)展的視覺圖像技術(shù)和美學(xué)實驗的豐富多樣性），第一段提到20世紀(jì)20年代發(fā)生了電影史上最大的轉(zhuǎn)變，即從無聲電影向有聲電影轉(zhuǎn)變，那么可以推測，這里的overshadowed指的是：錄制聲音的勝利已經(jīng)蓋過/超過了20世紀(jì)20年代同時發(fā)展的一些技術(shù)，那么四個選項中意思與之相近的是A項“轉(zhuǎn)移，使從……分心”。B項“解釋”、C項“引導(dǎo)，指揮”和D項“使協(xié)調(diào)，配合”都不符合。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

49.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“下列哪項解釋了歐洲電影向有聲電影轉(zhuǎn)變的延遲？”。根據(jù)最后一段中的InEuropeittookalittlelonger,mainlybecausethereweremoresmallproducersforwhomthecostsofsoundwereprohibitive（在歐洲花的時間要長一些，主要是因為有更多的小制作者，對他們來說聲音成本高得令人望而卻步）可知，歐洲電影向有聲電影轉(zhuǎn)變的推遲是因為聲音成本太高，小的制片人負擔(dān)不起，B項“較小的歐洲制片人往往無力為他們的電影添加聲音”正確。A項“歐洲制片人往往缺乏向有聲電影過渡所需設(shè)備的知識”和D項“較小的歐洲制片人認(rèn)為有音樂伴奏的無聲電影在美學(xué)上優(yōu)于有聲電影”沒有提到；由andinotherpartsoftheworldproblemswithrightsoraccesstoequipmentdelayedtheshifttosoundproductionforafewmoreyears(thoughcinemasinmajorcitiesmayhavebeenwiredinordertoplayforeignsoundfilms)（在世界的其他地方，由于權(quán)利和設(shè)備的問題，聲音制作的轉(zhuǎn)變又推遲了幾年，盡管大城市的電影院可能已經(jīng)安裝了設(shè)備以播放外國有聲電影。）可知，C項“給大城市里的老電影院安裝電線播放有聲電影常常是困難的”并不符合原文。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

13.單選題

Playsareanimportantformofentertainmentinmostcountries.TwokindsofdramauniquetoJapanareNohandKabuki.Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.Originally,menperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinNohandKabukiplays.Butthesimilaritiesendthere.

Kabukicostumesarefancy,bright,andheavy.Realgoldisusedonthem.Ontheotherhand,Nohcostumesarequitesimple.Kabukistagesarehuge.Thestagesetsareelaborate.Nohstagesareonly18feet(5.4meters)square.Theonlysceneryusedisbackgroundwallwithatreepaintedonit.AscenechangeswhentheNohactorschangetheirplaces.Theaudiencemustusealotofimaginations.

Nohplaysstartedinthefourteenthcenturytoentertaintheupperclass.Theformoftheplayhasnotchangedmuchsincethattime.AllpartsofaNohplaymustfollowacertainsetofrules.ToapersonunfamiliarwithNohdrama,aNohactormaylookasifheissleepwalking.Theactionoftheplayisslow.Everymovementiscontrolled.Certainactionsstandforcertainthings.Forexample,afewstepsforwardmeantheendofajourney.AnimportantpartofaNohplayisthechorusthatchantsmuchofthestory.

Kabukiplaysweredevelopedintheseventeenthcenturyforthecommonpeople.Theatrewasthemainamusementofthemerchantsofthattime.Kabukiplaysgiveaclearpictureofthosemerchants'tastesandideas.Thecolorfulcostumesreflecttheirgaymoods.Theheroesareoftenwarriorswhoperformdaringfeats.Theplayerswearthickmakeup.Theyexaggeratetheirmovementsandfacialexpressionstocommunicatefeeling.

MusicisveryimportanttoKabukiplays,Kabukiactorssing,dance,andspeaktheirlineswhilethemusicisplayedinthebackground.Themusicmaysoundstrangeatfirst,butitmakestheactiononthestagemoreexciting.Musiciansplayinstrumentssuchasflutes,drums,andgongs.Theyalsousethesamisen,athree-stringedinstrumentshapedsomewhatlikeabanjo.Anotherinstrumenthastwosmallblocksofwoodthatarebangedonthefloor.

1.WhatdoNohandKabukishareincommon?

2.WhichstatementistrueabouttheKabukiplays?

3.OneofthedifferencesbetweenNohandKabukiplaysisthat（

）.

4.Kabukiplayscaninformusabout

（

）.

5.WhatmusicalinstrumentsareusedinKabukiplays?

問題1選項

A.Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.

B.Womenperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinthebeginning.

C.Bothmen'sandwomen'spartswereplayedbymalesintheearlierperiod.

D.BothAandC.

問題2選項

A.Costumesarefunny,lightandrough.

B.Stagesare18feetsquare.

C.Abackgroundwithatreepaintedonitistheonlyscenery.

D.Theperformersmustusealltheirimaginations.

問題3選項

A.Nohisslower

B.Nohissimpler

C.Nohismorecolorful

D.Nohismoreexciting

問題4選項

A.likesanddislikesofthe17thcenturycommonpeople

B.thetastesofthe17thcenturyJapanesemerchants

C.thelifestyleoftherulingclass

D.thecourageousdeedsofthesoldiers

問題5選項

A.Flutes,gongsandtwoblocksofwood.

B.Drumsandsamisens.

C.Gongs,drumsandwoodenhammers.

D.AandB.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段的三四句“Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.Originally,menperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinNohandKabukiplays.”兩種戲劇都使用音樂。最初，男性在能劇和歌舞伎劇中同時扮演男性和女性角色。選項A和C均正確，所以本題選D。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Kabukicostumesarefancy,bright,andheavy.”可知選項A錯誤；選項B和C都是描述能劇的，所以只有選項D正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后三段的內(nèi)容可知，選項C和D是描述歌舞伎劇，首先排除；選項B在文中沒有提及；選項A符合原文，所以正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的第三句“Kabukiplaysgiveaclearpictureofthosemerchants'tastesandideas.”歌舞伎劇清楚地展現(xiàn)了這些商人的品味和思想。選項B符合原文。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后幾句“Musiciansplayinstrumentssuchasflutes,drums,andgongs.Theyalsousethesamisen,athree-stringedinstrumentshapedsomewhatlikeabanjo.Anotherinstrumenthastwosmallblocksofwoodthatarebangedonthefloor.”可知選項A和B都有提及，所以選項D正確。

14.單選題

1.Theprogrammeaimstomakethecountry（

）infoodandtocutenergyimports.

問題1選項

A.self-confident

B.self-sufficient

C.self-satisfied

D.self-restrained

【答案】B

【解析】題干中cutenergyimports“減少能源進口”可推斷出前文是在糧食上自給自足，選項B符合題意。self-sufficient“自給自足的”；self-confident“自信的”；self-satisfied“自滿的”；self-restrained“自我克制的”。

15.單選題

Hamlet______hisfather’sdeathonhisuncle.

問題1選項

A.reserved

B.reverted

C.revenged

D.revealed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項reverse“顛倒、撤銷、反轉(zhuǎn)”；B項revert“回復(fù)、重提”；C項revenge“報復(fù)、復(fù)仇”；D項reveal“顯示、透露、揭露”；句意：哈姆雷特向叔叔報了殺父之仇。revengeon“向……報復(fù)”；因此該題C項正確。

16.翻譯題

Thiswillbeparticularlytruesinceenergypinchwillmakeitdifficulttocontinueagricultureinthehigh-energyAmericanfashionthatmakesitpossibletocombinefewfarmerswithhighyields.

【答案】

這種情況將是確定無疑的，能源匱乏將使高能量消耗這種美國生產(chǎn)方式將很難在農(nóng)業(yè)繼續(xù)下去，而這種耕種方式使少量農(nóng)民聯(lián)合起來獲得高產(chǎn)量成為可能。

17.單選題

Firstbornchildreninafamilyseemtohaveastrongerdesiretosucceed（）.

問題1選項

A.thandolater-bornchildren

B.butlater-born-childrendo

C.aschildrenbornlater

D.iflater-bornchildrendo

【答案】A

【解析】考查句型結(jié)構(gòu)辨析。dolater-born從句等于later-bornchildrenseemtohaveastrongdesiretosucceed。簡化使句子簡潔流暢，因為從句主語長，故do在前。句意：一個家庭中第一個孩子似乎有更強烈的成功愿望……。結(jié)合句意可知，A選項符合題意。因此答案為A選項。

18.單選題

1.（

）

Theroleofgovernmentsinenvironmentalmanagementisdifficultbutinescapable.Sometimes,thestatetriestomanagetheresourcesitowns,anddoessobadly.Often,however,governmentsactinanevenmoreharmfulway.Theyactuallysubsidizetheexploitationandconsumptionofnaturalresources.Awholerangeofpolicies,fromfarmpricesupporttoprotectionforcoal-mining,doenvironmentaldamageand(often)makenoeconomicsense.Scrappingthemoffersatwo-foldbonus:acleanerenvironmentandamoreefficienteconomy.Growthandenvironmentalismcanactuallygohandinhand,ifpoliticianshavethecouragetocontrolthevestedinterestthatsubsidiescreate.

2.（

）

Noactivityaffectsmoreoftheearth’ssurfacethanfarming.Itshapesathirdoftheplanet’slandarea,notcountingAntarctica,andtheproportionisrising.Worldfoodoutputperheadhasrisenby4percentbetweenthe1970sand1980smainlyasaresultofincreasesinyieldsfromlandalreadyincultivation,butalsobecausemorelandhasbeenbroughtundertheplough.Higheryieldshavebeenachievedbyincreasedirrigation,bettercropbreeding,andadoublingintheuseofpesticidesandchemicalfertilizersinthe1970sand1980s.

3.（

）

Alltheseactivitiesmayhavedamagingenvironmentimpacts.Forexample,landclearingforagricultureisthelargestsinglecauseofdeforestation;chemicalfertilizersandpesticidesmaycontaminatewatersupplies;moreintensivefarmingandtheabandonmentoffallowperiodstendtoexacerbatesoilerosion;andthespreadofmonocultureanduseofhigh-yieldingvarietiesofcropshavebeenaccompaniedbythedisappearanceofoldvarietiesoffoodplantswhichmighthaveprovidedsomeinsuranceagainstpestsofdiseasesinfuture.Soilerosionthreatenstheproductivityofl