考研考博-英語(yǔ)-東營(yíng)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-東營(yíng)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

IfIkeepthisoathfaithfully,mayIenjoymylifeandpracticemyart,（

）byallmenandinalltimes;butifIswervefromitorviolateit,maythereversebemylot.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beingrespected

B.respecting

C.respectfully

D.respected

【答案】A

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。題干主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為enjoy，后面接動(dòng)詞ing形式?？崭窈笥衎y，可推測(cè)前面應(yīng)該是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。因此應(yīng)使用being+done的形式。A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Thenewmiracleofthemedicalworldisthestemcell,amarvelofhumannatureinthatitcanbecomeanyofnearly220celltypesthatconstitutethehumanbody.Itisoftencalledablankcellthatcanbeprogrammedtobecomeothercells.Researcherspredictthat,byusingstemcells,theycancreateorgansthatcanbetransplantedintopeoplewhodesperatelyneedthemtosavetheirlives.Themostcommonsourceofstemcellsisthehumanembryo,theinitialstageofhumanlifeafterafemaleeggisimpregnatedbyamalesperm.InthisveryfactliesanethicalconundrumthathasrockedboththemedicalandpoliticallandscapeoftheUnitedStatesandothercountries.Coupledwiththisisnewresearchincloning,whichhasseensomesuccessindevelopinganimalspecieswithouttheuseofnormalbirthingprocedures.Alloftheseareasofresearcharemakingquiteafewpeoplenervousaboutboththesourcesofstemcellsandwheretheresearchistakingmankind.

Moststemcell-containingembryoscomefromfourdifferentsources:fertilityclinicswhichoftenstoremorehumanembryosthanareneeded;fetusesfromunwantedpregnanciesthatareaborted;therapeuticcloning,whichiswhenahumaneggisstimulatedintoanembryo-likestate;andcustom-fertilizationinwhichahumaneggisdeliberatelyfertilizedwithspermtocreateanembryoinordertoharvestitsstemcells.Morallymanypeopleareoutragedbythesesources,claimingthathumanlifeisnotsomethingthatshouldbetamperedwithandcreatedjustforscientificandmedicalpurposes.Atthecoreofthisdebateistheissueofwhatreallyconstitutesahumanbeing,withonesideclaimingahumandoesnotexistuntilbornfromitsmotherwhiletheothersideclaimsthatonceeggandspermmeet,lifehasbegun.

TheUnitedStatesgovernmenthastakenanactiveroleinthedebateandisconsciouslylookingatthevotingboothwhilemakingdecisionsregardingstemcellresearch.Thegovernmentgavethego-aheadforfederalspendingonstemcellresearchbutlimitedactivitytospecimensthatalreadyexisted,meaningnonewembryoscouldbecreatedsolelyforstemcellresearch.Similarlawsregardingcloningresearchhavebeenproposed,includingtherapeuticcloning.Manyuniversitiesandresearchcentersworrythattheselawsmaycausetheirbestandbrightestscientiststoseekappointmentsoverseas,wherestemcellresearchisnotsocontroversial.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,astemcellisunlikeothercellsbecause（）.

2.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,allofthefollowingaresourcesofsteincellsEXCEPT（）.

3.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,themaindebateconcerningstemcellsourcesrevolvesaround（

）.

4.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationintheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph?

5.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,Americanuniversitiesandresearchinstitutesareworriedabout（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ithasatleast220differentparts

B.itcandevelopintoanyothercell

C.ithasbeenusedtocureillness

D.itisatthecenterofacontroversy

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.artificiallyimpregnatedwomen

B.humaneggsthatactliketheyarefertilized

C.embryosmadeforpeoplewhocannotconceive

D.theremainsofunwantedbabies1.（）.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.howtheyareextractedfromthesource

B.whatthestemcellareusedfor

C.themethodsusedtoproducethem

D.whensomeonebelieveslifebegins

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.TheUnitedStatesgovernmentisinvolvedinthedebateonstemcellsonlybecauseitisworriedaboutthevoters.

B.ThevotersaremakingtheUnitedStatesgovernmentworriedaboutitspositiononstemcellresearch.

C.TheissueofstemcellresearchisonethatUnitedStatesvotersareconcernedabout

D.TheUnitedStatesgovernment’sdecisionsonstemcellresearchreflectwhatitsvotingpublicwants.2.（）.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.notgettingenoughfundsforstemcellresearch

B.losingpeopleforbetteropportunitieselsewhere

C.havingthegovernmentshutdowntheiroperations

D.havingtofindnewsourcesofstemcells

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:Thenewmiracleofthemedicalworldisthestemcell,amarvelofhumannatureinthatitcanbecomeanyofnearly220celltypesthatconstitutethehumanbody(醫(yī)學(xué)界的新奇跡是干細(xì)胞。令人驚嘆的是，它可以成為構(gòu)成人體的近220種細(xì)胞中的任何一種),故選B“它能發(fā)展成任何其它的細(xì)胞”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干問(wèn):根據(jù)第二段,以下哪項(xiàng)不是干細(xì)胞的來(lái)源。A:人工懷孕的女性,B:類似于已受精狀的人類卵子,C:為不孕的人所做的胚胎,D:意外懷孕產(chǎn)出的嬰兒的遺體。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段:Moststemcell-containingembryoscomefromfour

differentsources:fertilityclinicswhichoftenstoremorehumanembryosthanareneeded;fetusesfromunwantedpregnanciesthatareaborted;therapeuticcloning,whichiswhenahumaneggisstimulatedintoanembryo-likestate;andcustom-fertilizationinwhichahumaneggisdeliberatelyfertilizedwithspermtocreateanembryoinordertoharvestitsstemcells(大多數(shù)包含干細(xì)胞的胚胎來(lái)自四個(gè)不同的來(lái)源：經(jīng)常儲(chǔ)存有多余人類胚胎的產(chǎn)科；因意外懷孕而被流產(chǎn)的胎兒；治療性克隆（即人類卵子被刺激成胚胎狀）和特定的受精（即人類卵子被故意地與精子受精來(lái)創(chuàng)造一個(gè)胚胎，以便獲取其干細(xì)胞）),因此只有A未被提及。故選A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Atthecoreofthisdebateistheissueofwhatreallyconstitutesahumanbeing,withonesideclaimingahumandoesnotexistuntilbornfromitsmotherwhiletheothersideclaimsthatonceeggandspermmeet,lifehasbegun(這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論的中心是什么真正地構(gòu)成了人類，一方的人宣稱直到從母親身體生出來(lái)之后，人才真正存在，然而另一方的人卻宣稱一旦卵子和精子結(jié)合生命就開始了)。故選D“人們認(rèn)為生命是從何吋開始”。

4.判斷推理題。最后一段劃線句句意為:美國(guó)政府己積極參與這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論，在做有關(guān)干細(xì)胞研究的決定吋正有意識(shí)地看著投票站。由此可知D項(xiàng)“美國(guó)政府有關(guān)干細(xì)胞研究的決定反映出其投票的公眾的需求”正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出:Manyuniversitiesandresearchcentersworrythattheselawsmaycausetheirbestandbrightestscientiststoseekappointmentsoverseas,wherestemcellresearchisnotsocontroversial(很多大學(xué)和研究中心擔(dān)心，這些法律可能導(dǎo)致它們優(yōu)秀和最杰出的科學(xué)家們前往干細(xì)胞研究沒(méi)有如此有爭(zhēng)議的海外尋求職位)。由此可知B“因海外更好的機(jī)會(huì)而流失人才”正確。

3.單選題

Tocallsomeonebird-brainedinEnglishmeansyouthinkthatpersonissillyorstu-pid.Butwillthisdescriptionsoondisappearfromuseinthelightofrecentresearch?ItseemstheEnglishmayhavebeenunfairinassociatingbird’sbrainswithstupidity.

Inanattempttofindouthowdifferentcreaturesseetheworld,psychologistsatBrownUniversityintheUSAhavebeencomparingthebehaviourofbirdsandhumans.OneexperimenthasinvolvedteachingpigeonstorecognizelettersoftheEnglishalphabet.Thebirdsstudyin“classrooms”，whichareboxesequippedwithacomputer.Afteraboutfourdaysofstudyingaparticularletter,thepigeonhastopickoutthatletterfromseveraldis-playedonthecomputerscreen.Threemalepigeonshavelearnttodistinguishalltwenty-sixlettersofthealphabetinthisway.

Acomputerrecordofthebirds’four-monthstudyperiodhasshownsurprisingsimilar-itiesbetweenthepigeons’andhumanperformance.Pigeonsandpeoplefindthesameletterseasy,orhard,totellapart.Forexample,92percentofthetimethepigeonscouldtelltheletterDfromtheletterZ.ButwhenfacedwithUandV(oftenconfusedbyEnglishchil-dren),thepigeonswererightonly34percentofthetime.

Theresultsoftheexperimentssofarhaveledpsychologiststoconcludethatpigeonsandhumansobservethingsinsimilarways.Thissuggeststhatthereissomethingfunda-mentalabouttherecognitionprocess.Ifscientistscouldonlydiscoverjustwhatthisrecog-nitionprocessis,itcouldbeveryusefulforcomputerdesigners.Thedisadvantageofapresentcomputeristhatitcanonlydowhatahumanbeinghasprogrammedittodoandtheprogrammermustgivethecomputerprecise,logicalinstructions.Maybeinthefuture,though,computerswillbeabletothinklikehumanbeings.

1.Thewritersuggeststhattheexpression“bird-brained”mightbeoutofusesoonbe-causeitis（）

2.sychologistshavebeenexperimentingwithpigeonstofindoutwhetherthebirds

3.UandVareconfusedby（）.

4.Therearesimilaritiesinobservingthingsbypigeonsandhumans（）.

5.Theresearchmayhelp（）?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.silly

B.impolite

C.unnecessary

D.inappropriate

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.arereallysillyorstupid

B.canlearntomakeideasknowntopeople

C.seetheworldashumanbeingsdo

D.learnmorequicklythanchildren

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.92percentofpigeons

B.manyEnglishchildren

C.mostpeoplelearningEnglish

D.4percentofEnglishchildren

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.becausepigeonsaretaughtbyhumans

B.becausepigeonshavebrainsmoredevelopedthanotherbirds

C.becausetheirbasicwaystoknowtheworldarethesame

D.becausepigeonsandhumanshavesimilarbrains

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.computerdesigners

B.computersalesmen

C.psychologists

D.teachers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“bird-brained”定位至第一段：Tocallsomeonebird-brainedinEnglishmeansyouthinkthatpersonissillyorstupid.Butwillthisdescriptionsoondisappearfromuseinthelightofrecentresearch?ItseemstheEnglishmayhavebeenunfairinassociatingbird’sBrainswithstupidity（在英語(yǔ)中，如果稱某人為“鳥腦”，意思就是這個(gè)人非常愚蠢或沒(méi)頭腦。不過(guò)最近的一項(xiàng)研究顯示，這個(gè)叫法可能很快會(huì)不再使用。看來(lái)英語(yǔ)將鳥的大腦與愚蠢聯(lián)系在一起是不公平的）。因此，正確答案為D。

2.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Psychologists,experimenting,pigeons”定位至第二段：Inanattempttofindouthowdifferentcreaturesseetheworld，美國(guó)布朗大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家將鳥類和人類的行為進(jìn)行了比較，為了了解不同的生物是怎么領(lǐng)會(huì)世界的。據(jù)此可知，心理學(xué)家用鴿子做實(shí)驗(yàn)是為了發(fā)現(xiàn)鳥類與人類在領(lǐng)會(huì)世界方面是否相同。

3.根據(jù)題干定位至第三段：ButwhenfacedwithUandV(oftenconfusedbyEnglishchildren),thepigeonswererightonly34percentofthetime（當(dāng)面對(duì)字母U和V（英語(yǔ)孩子常?；煜@兩個(gè)字母）時(shí)，鴿子的正確率只有34%）。據(jù)此可知B項(xiàng)正確。

4.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“observingthingsbypigeonsandhumans”定位至第四段：Theresultsoftheexperimentssofarhaveledpsychologiststoconcludethatpigeonsandhumansobservethingsinsimilarways.Thissuggeststhatthereissomethingfundamentalabouttherecognitionprocess.（目前為止，心理學(xué)家從這些實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果得到的結(jié)論是，鴿子和人類以相似的方式觀察事物。這表明，識(shí)別過(guò)程具有基本的因素。）據(jù)此可知，鴿子和人類在觀察事物方面相似是因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)識(shí)世界的基本方法相同，因此正確答案為C。

5.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“research”定位至第四段，第四段講的是resultsoftheexperiments（試驗(yàn)結(jié)果）：Ifscientistscouldonlydiscoverjustwhatthisrecognitionprocessis,itcouldbeveryusefulforcomputerdesigners.”可知，這將給計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)師帶來(lái)很大的益處，A項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Theirworkwill________,buttheyoughttotrytoimproveit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.getaway

B.getaround

C.getby

D.geton

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.getaway離開，逃跑B.getaround避開，說(shuō)服

C.getby過(guò)得去，勉強(qiáng)過(guò)活D.geton進(jìn)展，做得好

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】空格處和上文的“Theirwork（他們的工作）”構(gòu)成主謂邏輯，表示他們的工作如何。由but可知前后兩個(gè)分句之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系，由后半句句意“但他們應(yīng)該努力加以改進(jìn)（improveit）”可知，他們的工作情況不算糟糕，但是還有需要改進(jìn)的地方。getby指勉強(qiáng)過(guò)得去，因此C選項(xiàng)“過(guò)得去，勉強(qiáng)過(guò)活”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)getaway“離開，逃跑”指離開一個(gè)地方或?yàn)榱吮苊獗蛔ザ优?，不能和“work（工作）”進(jìn)行搭配；

B選項(xiàng)getaround“避開，說(shuō)服”指避開規(guī)章法律或通過(guò)取悅諂媚來(lái)說(shuō)服，不符合題干的語(yǔ)義邏輯；

D選項(xiàng)geton“進(jìn)展，做得好”指在特定情況下取得成功，與題干的語(yǔ)義相矛盾，應(yīng)該是“工作勉強(qiáng)過(guò)得去”而不是“工作做得好”。

【句意】雖然他們的工作還過(guò)得去，但他們應(yīng)該努力加以改進(jìn)。

5.單選題

Televisionsenableustoseethingshappenalmostattheexactmoment______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whichtheyarehappening

B.theyarehappening

C.whichtheyhappen

D.theyhavehappened

【答案】B

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。A選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)中which均指代不清；B選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)都為省略關(guān)系副詞when的定語(yǔ)從句。B選項(xiàng)為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示事情正在發(fā)生，D選項(xiàng)theyhavehappened完成時(shí)態(tài)用法錯(cuò)誤。因此，本題正確答案為B。

6.單選題

Geysershaveoftenbeencomparedtovolcanoes______theybothemithotliquidsformbelowtheEarth’ssurface.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dueto

B.became

C.inspiteof

D.regardlessof

【答案】A

【解析】考查句子邏輯。從句子的意思可以知道，前后成分是結(jié)果與原因的關(guān)系，所以我們需要選擇一個(gè)表示原因的連接詞，A項(xiàng)dueto“由于”，后面接表示原因的名詞性成分；B項(xiàng)become“變成”，不符合邏輯；C項(xiàng)inspiteof“盡管”表示讓步；D項(xiàng)regardlessof“不管”表示條件；這里題干其實(shí)省略了一個(gè)that。句意：間歇泉經(jīng)常被比作火山，因?yàn)樗鼈兌坚尫懦龅乇硐碌臒嵋后w。因此，該題正確答案為A。

7.單選題

Thesolutionworksonlyforcoupleswhoareself-employed,don’thavesmallchildrenandgetalong________tospendmostoftheirtimetogether.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sowell

B.toowell

C.wellas

D.wellenough

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：這個(gè)解決方案只對(duì)那些自由工作者，沒(méi)有小孩且在一起的時(shí)候大部分時(shí)間都相處得（）的夫妻來(lái)說(shuō)有用。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)這里詞意要填“很好”，所以不能選B選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)閠oo…to是“太……而不能”；C，D選項(xiàng)則會(huì)把因果倒置“因?yàn)橄嗵幍煤盟源蟛糠謺r(shí)間待在一起”。so…to“太……而”這個(gè)搭配與too…to的意思相對(duì)，答案選A。

8.單選題

By1970,accordingtoaWorldWildlifeFundreport,onlyabout4,500tigerssurvivedthroughouttheworld-halfoftheminIndia.Mr.Foresters,whofollowedandcountedtigerfootprints,estimatedthatinMay1972onlyabout1,800tigersexistedinIndia.ProjectTigerSupportedbyW.W.F.wasimmediatelylaunched.Ninetigerreserveswerecreated,witharmedguardsprotectingthem.

TheprojectprovidedopportunitiesforresearchersfromIndiaandabroadtostudytigersinthereservesandgatherpreviouslyunavailableinformationabouttheirhabits.Studiesshowthatamaletigermaycontrolahuntingterritoryofbetween10and20squarekilometers,dependingonitsage,sizeandstrength.Theterritoryofmaleincludesthesmallerterritoriesofthreeorfourtigresses.Atigermarkstheboundariesofitsterritoriesbysprayingurineandotherbodilyliquidsonbushes.Butittriestoavoidterritorialfights,beingguidedbythedistinctivebodysmellofothertigers.Tigersfighttodeathonlywhenatigressisdefendingheryoung,orwhenatigerisguardingatigressfromtheattentionsofothermales.

Thepopularimageofthetigeristhatofamercilessandunconquerablehunter.Butstudiesshowthatitcatchesonlyoneof20victimsittriestoattack.

FearshaverecentlydevelopedthatProjectTigerhasbeentoosuccessful.Ithasenabledthetigerpopulationtodouble(bymid-80’s),butIndia’shumanpopulationhasalsogrownoutofcontrol.Currentlyitis750millionandlikelytobe900millionbytheendofthecentury.Landproblemisbecomingseriousandmanyruralpeoplefeelbitteraboutthefactthatsomerichforestsarereservedfortigers.Agrowingnumberofattacksbytigersonmanhasaddedtothehostility.

21.TheultimateaimofProjectTigeristo______.

22.Studieshaveshownthat______.

23.Accordingtothepassage,atiger’sterritory______.

24.SomepeopleareafraidthatProjectTiger______.

25.Theauthorseems______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.studythegrowthrateoftigers

B.protecttigersfrombeingkilled

C.promotethebreedingofyoungtigers

D.analyzethebehavioralpatternsoftigers

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.atigressneverattacksuntilattacked

B.thetigressisnotasfierceasthetigers

C.atigerusuallyfightsanothertigertodefenditsownterritory

D.thetigerisnotanefficienthunterasiscommonlydescribed

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.remainsunchanged

B.isoftendefendedbytigresses

C.expandsasthetigergrowsup

D.isthecauseofmostfights

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.hasbeencarriedtoofar

B.hasnotreceivedenoughattention

C.hasfailedtoachieveitsgoal

D.isnotworththemoneyspentonit

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.tobeenthusiasticaboutProjectTiger

B.tohaveamatter-of-factattitudetowardsProjectTiger

C.tohaveahostileattitudetowardsProjectTiger

D.tobesatisfiedwithProjectTiger

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】21.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“老虎計(jì)劃的最終目標(biāo)是……”。定位文章第一段，該段講述了老虎數(shù)量銳減，最后提到ProjectTigerSupportedbyW.W.F.wasimmediatelylaunched.Ninetigerreserveswerecreated,witharmedguardsprotectingthem.（世界自然基金會(huì)資助的老虎項(xiàng)目立即啟動(dòng)。建立了9個(gè)老虎保護(hù)區(qū)，有武裝警衛(wèi)保護(hù)它們。），可推知老虎被捕殺是其數(shù)量劇減的根本原因，因此使老虎免于被殺是野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)基金會(huì)的最終目的。B項(xiàng)“保護(hù)老虎不被殺害”正確。A項(xiàng)“研究老虎的生長(zhǎng)速度”和C項(xiàng)“促進(jìn)幼虎的繁殖”沒(méi)提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。D項(xiàng)“分析老虎的行為模式”在第二段有提及，定位第一句TheprojectprovidedopportunitiesforresearchersfromIndiaandabroadtostudytigersinthereservesandgatherpreviouslyunavailableinformationabouttheirhabits.（該項(xiàng)目為來(lái)自印度和國(guó)外的研究人員提供了研究保護(hù)區(qū)老虎的機(jī)會(huì)，并收集了以前無(wú)法獲得的關(guān)于老虎習(xí)性的信息）可知，該項(xiàng)并不是這個(gè)老虎項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)，而是其有利之處，屬于張冠李戴。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

22.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是“研究表明……”。定位第三段第二句Butstudiesshowthatitcatchesonlyoneof20victimsittriestoattack.（但研究表明老虎捕捉獵物的成功率僅為1/20）可知，老虎捕捉獵物的成功率很低，所以D項(xiàng)“老虎并不是通常所說(shuō)的高效的獵手”正確。A項(xiàng)“母老虎在受到攻擊之前從不攻擊”和B項(xiàng)“母老虎不像其他老虎那樣兇猛”沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。定位第二段倒數(shù)第二句Butittriestoavoidterritorialfights,beingguidedbythedistinctivebodysmellofothertigers.（但它會(huì)根據(jù)其他老虎獨(dú)特的身體氣味，盡量避免爭(zhēng)奪地盤）可知，C項(xiàng)“一只老虎通常與另一只老虎搏斗以保衛(wèi)自己的領(lǐng)土”與原文相反，屬于反向干擾。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

23.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，老虎的領(lǐng)地……”。定位第二段第二句Studiesshowthatamaletigermaycontrolahuntingterritoryofbetween10and20squarekilometers,dependingonitsage,sizeandstrength.（研究表明，根據(jù)年齡、體型和力量，雄性老虎可以控制10到20平方公里的狩獵區(qū)域），以及第三句Theterritoryofmaleincludesthesmallerterritoriesofthreeorfourtigresses.（雄虎的領(lǐng)地包括三到四只雌虎的小領(lǐng)地）可知，一頭雄老虎依年齡、體型及力量可以控制10至20公里的狩獵領(lǐng)地，隨著老虎的長(zhǎng)大，其體型及力量都在增大，其占領(lǐng)的狩獵領(lǐng)地的面積自然也就增大，C項(xiàng)“隨著老虎的成長(zhǎng)而擴(kuò)大”正確。A項(xiàng)“保持不變”與原文相反，屬于反向干擾。B項(xiàng)“通常由母老虎保護(hù)”沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。定位第二段倒數(shù)第二句Butittriestoavoidterritorialfights,beingguidedbythedistinctivebodysmellofothertigers.（但它會(huì)根據(jù)其他老虎獨(dú)特的身體氣味，盡量避免爭(zhēng)奪地盤）可知，D項(xiàng)“是大多數(shù)打架的原因”也是反向干擾。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

24.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是“有些人害怕老虎計(jì)劃……”。定位最后一段第一句FearshaverecentlydevelopedthatProjectTigerhasbeentoosuccessful.（最近人們開始擔(dān)心“老虎計(jì)劃”太成功了），toosuccessful與A項(xiàng)中的carriedtoofar是同樣的意思，所以A項(xiàng)“做得太過(guò)火”正確。B項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有得到足夠的重視”和C項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)它的目標(biāo)”與原文相反，屬于反向干擾。D項(xiàng)“不值得花這么多錢”沒(méi)提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

25.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干意思是“作者看起來(lái)……”?？v觀全文，作者對(duì)于老虎保護(hù)項(xiàng)目沒(méi)有加入個(gè)人的主觀色彩，也沒(méi)有描述主觀情感的詞語(yǔ)，所以他持的是一種客觀的態(tài)度。B項(xiàng)“對(duì)老虎計(jì)劃采取實(shí)事求是的態(tài)度”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“對(duì)老虎計(jì)劃充滿熱情”、C項(xiàng)“對(duì)老虎計(jì)劃持?jǐn)硨?duì)態(tài)度”和D項(xiàng)“對(duì)老虎計(jì)劃感到滿意”都是曲解原文。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

9.單選題

Hisideasareinvariablycondemnedas（

）byhiscolleagues.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.imaginative

B.ingenious

C.impractical

D.denied

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。imaginative“富于想象力的，有創(chuàng)造力的”；ingenious“有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的，機(jī)靈的”；impractical“不切實(shí)際的”；denied“否定”。由“condemned譴責(zé)”可知此空應(yīng)填貶義詞，故C項(xiàng)符合題意。句意：他的想法總是被同事們指責(zé)為不切實(shí)際。

10.單選題

ThemysteriousspokesinSaturn's（土星）ringsmaybecreatedbymassivethunderstormsintheplanet’satmosphere.Ifthetheoryisright,thesefaintfeaturesarethesignatureofawesomeevents:lightningstrokesaretenthousandtimesmoreenergeticthanthoseonEarthreleasingbeamsofelectronsthatsurgeupfromSaturnssurfacetowhack（重?fù)簦﹊ntotheringsandblastoutjetsofelectricallychargeddust.

Theidea,proposedbyGeraintJonesoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforSolarSystemResearchinKatlenburg-Lindau,Germany,andhiscolleaguesinGeophysicalResearchLetters,remainsspeculative.Noonehaseverseenstorm-inducedelectronbeamsonSaturn.Buttheresearcherssaythatthetheorywouldexplainsomepuzzlingfeaturesofthespokes,andthatitfitswithwhatisknownabouttheeffectsofthunderstormsonEarth.

ThespokesofSaturn’sringswerefirstdiscoveredbytheVoyagerIandIIspacecraftwhentheypassedclosetothegasgiantplanetin1980and1981.Thespokesare“averycomplexphenomenon,andadifficultthingtountangle”,saysCarolynPorcooftheSpaceScienceInstituteinBoulder,Colorado,whowasthefirstpersontoworkonthesemysteriousfeaturesbackintheVoyagerdays.

Thespokesappearasbrightordarkstreaksabout100kmwideandupto20,000kmlongthatcrosstherings,makingthemlookasthoughtheyhavebeensmearedbyagiantfinger.Theyaretransient,buildingupoveraperiodofafewhoursandthendisappearingagainseveralhourslater.Andtheyaren’talwaysthereatall:between1998and2004,whenNASA’sCassinispacecraftreachedtheplanet,therewasnosignofany.SpokesreappearedinSeptember2005,whenCassinitooksnapshotsofthem.

Researchersagreethatthespokesaremadeofdustgrainsthathavebecomeelectricallychargedandarepushedupoutoftheringsinlongstreamersbyelectrostaticrepulsion（靜電排斥）.Buttheydon’tknowwhatcausesthecharging.

Onetheoryisthatthishappenswhenmeteoritesplowintotheringsandwhipupacloudofchargedplasma（等離子區(qū)），whichthenchargesuptherings’dustparticles.Butthis,saysJones,can’texplainwhythespokesbuildupgraduallyit’simplausible（難信的）thatseveralmeteoriteswouldstriketheringsinthesameplaceinclosesuccession.

AnalternativeexplanationisbasedonthewaythatthunderstormsonEarthcangenerateelectronbeamsintheupperatmosphere.Whileregularlightningboltstravelbetweencloudsandthegroundbelow,high-energyparticlesstreamingfromspacecalledcosmicrayscantriggerelectrondischargesabovetheclouds.TheseelectronsstreamoutwardsintospacealongthefieldlinesoftheEarth’magneticfield.Thiscanproduceflashesofgammaraysaswellasglowingatmosphericfeaturescalledsprites.

ThunderstormsarealsoknowntohappenwithinthethickatmosphereofSaturn,andJonesandcolleaguessaythatthesearelikelytohavethesameeffect—cosmicrayscomingintowardsSaturnshouldlikewiseformoutgoingelectronbeamsthatcouldhittherings,chargingupdustgrains.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsmaybetheauthor’sview?

2.ItwasCarolynPorcowhofirstworkedon（）.

3.Whydidn’tCassinigetthesignofspokeswhenitreachedSaturnbetween1998and2004?

4.Ifthefirsttheoryaboutchargingistrue,（）.

5.Itisbelievedthatthunderstorms（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thunderstormshavegreatdestructiveforce.

B.Saturn’sspokesmaybemadebylightning.

C.Saturnexplorationwillbecontinued.

D.Spokesareacommonphenomenoningalaxy.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.themysteriousphenomenaintheuniverse

B.thefeaturesofspacescience

C.voyagerspacecraft

D.thespokesofSaturn’srings

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Becausethespokesaretransient.

B.Becausethespokescanhardlybeseen.

C.BecauseCassiniwasnotcloseenoughtoSaturn.

D.Becausethespokesweretoodarktobeseenatthattime.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theremustbechargeddustparticlesaroundtheringsofSaturn

B.theremustbeacloudofchargedplasmacreatedbyseveralmeteorites

C.theremustbemeteoritesplowingintotheringsofSaturn

D.theremustbeseveralmeteoritesstrikingtheringsinthesameplaceinclosesuccession

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.cancreateflashesofgammarays

B.mayhappenwithinthethickatmosphereofSaturn

C.mayinterferewiththemagneticfieldofSaturn

D.canblastoutjetsofelectricallychargeddust

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。文章第一二段對(duì)土星外的那層光環(huán)進(jìn)行了一些猜測(cè)，但是這些也僅僅是猜測(cè)，并沒(méi)有任何證據(jù)能證實(shí)，因此選項(xiàng)C“對(duì)火星的探索還將繼續(xù)”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段倒數(shù)第一句話提到CarolynPorco是第一個(gè)在關(guān)于土星光環(huán)這個(gè)神秘特征上做工作的（thefirstpersontoworkonthesemysteriousfeaturesbackintheVoyagerdays）。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第四段第二句提到這些光環(huán)是短暫的，一會(huì)出現(xiàn)，一會(huì)又不見了（theyaretransient,buildingupoveraperiodofafewhoursandthendisappearingagainseveralhourslater），因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章倒數(shù)第三段提到這些理論不能解釋這些光環(huán)為什么逐漸出現(xiàn)（Butthis,saysJones,can’texplainwaythespokesbuildupgradually–it’simplausiblethatseveralmeteoriteswouldstriketheringsinthesameplaceinclosesuccession），因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到宇宙射線能夠引發(fā)電子在云層之上放電（high-energyparticlesstreamingfromspacecalledcosmicrayscantriggerelectrondischargesabovetheclouds），選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

11.單選題

Therearevariouswaysinwhichindividualeconomicunitsinteractwithoneanother.Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedasthemarketsystem,theadministeredsystem,andthetraditionalsystem.

Inamarketsystemindividualeconomicunitsarefreetointeractamongeachotherinthemarketplace.Itispossibletobuycommoditiesfromothereconomicunitsorsellcommoditiestothem.Inamarket,transactionsmaytakeplaceviabarterormoneyexchange.Inabartereconomy,reallygoodssuchasautomobiles,shoes,andpizzasaretradedagainsteachotherobviously,findingsomebodywhowantstotradeanoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmaynotalwaysbeaneasytask.Hence,theintroductiononmoneyasamediumofexchangeeasestransactionsconsiderably.Inthemodernmarketeconomy,goods,andservicesareboughtorsoldformoney.

Analternativetothemarketsystemisadministrativecontrolbysomeagencyoveralltransactions.Thisagencywillissueedictsorcommandsastohowmuchofeachgoodandserviceshouldbeproduced,exchanged,andconsumedbyeacheconomicunit.Centralplanningmaybeonewayofadministeringsuchaneconomy.Thecentralplan,drawnupbythegovernment,showedtheamountsofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsandallocateddifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.Thisisanexampleofcompleteplanningofproduction,consumption,andexchangeforwholeeconomy.

Inatraditionalsociety,productionandconsumptionpatternsaregovernedbytradition:everyperson’splacewithintheeconomicsystemisfixedbyparentage,religion,andcustom.Transactionstakeplaceonthebasisoftradition,too.Peoplebelongingtoacertaingrouporcastemayhaveanobligationtocareforotherpersons,providethemwithfoodandshelter,carefortheirhealth,andprovidefortheireducation.Clearly,inasystemwhereeverydecisionismadeonthebasisoftraditionalone,progressmaybedifficulttoachieve.Astagnantsocietymayresult.

1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,abartereconomycanleadto（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whohasthegreatestdegreeofcontrolinanadministeredsystem?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedbytheauthorasacertainfordeterminingaperson’splaceinatraditionalsociety?

5.Inparagraph2sentence3,“barter”means（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tooutlinecontrastingtypeofeconomicsystems.

B.Toexplainthescienceofeconomics.

C.Toargueforthesuperiorityofoneeconomicsystem.

D.Tocomparebarterandmoney-exchangemarkets.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.rapidspeedtransactions

B.misunderstanding

C.inflation

D.difficultiesfortraders

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Individualhouseholds

B.Smallbusinesses

C.Majorcorporations

D.Thegovernment

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Familybackground

B.Age

C.Religiousbelief

D.Custom

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.exchangegood,propertyforothergoods

B.amoreunit

C.akindoffood

D.trade

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedasthemarketsystem,theadministeredsystem,andthetraditionalsystem.（三種基本方式可以描述為市場(chǎng)體制、管理體制和傳統(tǒng)體制。）文章第一段就點(diǎn)明了三種不同類型的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系：市場(chǎng)體系、行政管理體系和傳統(tǒng)體系。接下來(lái)分別介紹了這三種體系，每一段的第一句都點(diǎn)明了具體要介紹的體系。而文章中作者并沒(méi)有解釋有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方面的知識(shí)，也沒(méi)有表示哪一種經(jīng)濟(jì)體系更優(yōu)越，因此A選項(xiàng)“概述不同類型的經(jīng)濟(jì)制度”正確。B選項(xiàng)“來(lái)解釋經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)”，是作者沒(méi)有解釋的；C選項(xiàng)“論證單一經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的優(yōu)越性”，作者在文中是沒(méi)有論述的；D選項(xiàng)“比較易貨市場(chǎng)和貨幣交換市場(chǎng)”，只是市場(chǎng)體系中的兩種形式，并不能概括整篇文章的意思。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段第四句話Inabartereconomy,reallygoodssuchasautomobiles...wantstotradeanoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmaynotalwaysbeaneasytask.（在易貨經(jīng)濟(jì)中，真正的商品，如汽車、鞋子和披薩顯然是相互交易的，找到想用舊車交換帆船的人可能并不總是一件容易的任務(wù)。）通過(guò)這句話可以看出，在易貨經(jīng)濟(jì)中，可見這種有形的物物交換對(duì)交換者而言是具有很大難度的，交易者想要做交易并沒(méi)有那么容易，因此D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)交易者的困難”正確。A選項(xiàng)“快速的交易速度”并不是它的特點(diǎn)；B選項(xiàng)“誤解，誤會(huì)”這一點(diǎn)原文并沒(méi)有提到；C選項(xiàng)“膨脹；通貨膨脹”不是易貨經(jīng)濟(jì)體現(xiàn)的。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第二段Thecentralplan,drawnupbythegovernment,showedtheamountsofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsandallocateddifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.（政府制定的中央計(jì)劃顯示了不同公司生產(chǎn)的每種商品的數(shù)量，并分配給不同的家庭用于消費(fèi)。）這一段講述了如何去制定市場(chǎng)的相關(guān)規(guī)定，而最高級(jí)的規(guī)定制定就來(lái)自于政府，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“個(gè)體戶”，他們只是經(jīng)濟(jì)的參與者；B選項(xiàng)“小企業(yè)”，沒(méi)有這個(gè)權(quán)利；C選項(xiàng)“大公司”，仍然沒(méi)有政府的等級(jí)高。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第四段第一句話everyperson’splacewithintheeconomicsystemisfixedbyparentage,religion,andcustom.（每個(gè)人在經(jīng)濟(jì)體制中的地位是由出身、宗教和習(xí)慣風(fēng)俗來(lái)決定的），可以得出只有B選項(xiàng)“年齡”是沒(méi)有提到的，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“家庭背景”；C選項(xiàng)“宗教信仰”；D選項(xiàng)“風(fēng)俗”都是提到了的。

5.語(yǔ)義推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段Inabartereconomy,reallygoodssuchasautomobiles,shoes,andpizzasar