考研考博-英語-四川財(cái)經(jīng)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川財(cái)經(jīng)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Don'ttrustthespeakeranymore,sincetheremarkshemadeinhislecturesarenever（

）withthefacts.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.symmetrical

B.comparative

C.compatible

D.harmonious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)symmetrical“勻稱的；對(duì)稱的”；B選項(xiàng)comparative“比較的；相當(dāng)?shù)摹保籆選項(xiàng)compatible“兼容的；能共處的；可并立的”；D選項(xiàng)harmonious“和諧的；協(xié)調(diào)的；悅耳的”。句意：不要再相信演講者了，因?yàn)樗谘葜v中所做的評(píng)論與事實(shí)不……。compatiblewith表示“與……一致”，符合本句語境，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Inmanyplaces,illnesswasseeneitherasaninvasionofthebodybysomepoisonoritwas（

）totheworkofanangrygod,malignantmagic,orwitchcraft.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contributed

B.attributed

C.tribute

D.distributed

【答案】B

【解析】contributeto有助于,促成；tributeto向...致敬；distributeto分發(fā)給。attributedto歸因于,被認(rèn)為是...所為。句意:在許多地方,疾病要么被認(rèn)為是某種毒素侵入身體,要么被認(rèn)為是憤怒的上帝、邪惡的魔法或巫術(shù)造成的。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

3.單選題

Humble（）itmaybe,thereisnoplacemorelikehome.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.although

B.as

C.how

D.that

【答案】B

【解析】考查讓步狀語從句。句子用了倒裝，把形容詞提前到句首，只有as或者though有這個(gè)用法，although沒有。as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前（形容詞，副詞，分詞，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前）例如：Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.由as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，強(qiáng)調(diào)表語humble。句意：盡管這里是簡陋的，但是沒有一個(gè)地方比它更像家。所以本題選擇B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Althoughtheinsistenceonbalancingspendingagainsttaxrevenueshascontributedtotheeconomy’sstagnation,unfortunately,thegovernmentdoesnotseemlikelyto_______thisrigidpolicy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.persistin

B.initiate

C.repudiate

D.continue

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)persistin“堅(jiān)持，固執(zhí)于”；B選項(xiàng)initiate“創(chuàng)始；發(fā)起”；C選項(xiàng)repudiate“拒絕；（正式）否認(rèn)；斷絕關(guān)系”；D選項(xiàng)continue“繼續(xù)；連續(xù)”。句意：盡管堅(jiān)持收支平衡導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)停滯，不幸的是，政府似乎不太可能_______這個(gè)僵化的政策。根據(jù)語境，這里指堅(jiān)持收支平衡這個(gè)僵化的政策讓經(jīng)濟(jì)停滯，但政府大有可能繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持這個(gè)政策，所以repudiate“（正式）否認(rèn)”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Wecanbeginourdiscussionof“populationasaglobalissue”withwhatmostpersonmeanwhentheydiscuss“thepopulationproblem”:toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.Thefactsarenotindispute.Itwasquiterighttoemployasimilarmatterthatlinkeddemographic(人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué))growthto“along,thinpowerfusethatburnssteadilyfromtimetotimeuntilitfinallyreachesthelimit,andexplodes”.

Tounderstandthecurrentsituation,whichischaracterizedbyrapidincreasesinpopulation,itisnecessarytounderstandthehistoryofpopulationtrends.Rapidgrowthisacomparativelyrecentphenomenon.Lookingbackatthe8,000yearsofdemographichistory.Wefindthatpopulationhavebeenreallystableorgrowingveryslightlyformostofhumanhistory.Formostofourancestors,lifewashard,oftennasty,andveryshort.Formostofhumanhistory,itwasseldomthecasethatoneintenpersonswouldlivepastforty,whereinfancyandchildhoodwereespeciallyriskyperiods.Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates.Thus,thepopulationproblemthroughoutmostofhistorywashowtopreventextinctionofthehumanrace.

Thispatternisimportanttoknow.Notonlydoesitputthecurrentproblemsofdemographicgrowthintoahistoricalperspective,butitsuggeststhatthecauseofrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyearsisnotasuddenenthusiasmformorechildren,butanimprovementintheconditionsthattraditionallyhavecausedhighrateofdeath.

Demographichistorycanbedividedintotwomajorperiods:atimeoflong,slowgrowthwhichextendedfromabout8000B.C.tillapproximately1650A.D.Andaperiodofrapidgrowthsince1650.Inthefirstperiodofsome9,600years,thepopulationincreasedformsome8millionto500millionin1650.Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2020therewillbe8billionpeoplethroughouttheworld.Onewaytoappreciatethisdramaticdifferenceinsuchabstractnumbersistoreducethetimeframetosomethingthatismoremanageable.Between8000B.C.and1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld’spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours.Theincreaseisabout80,000,000personsannually.

1.Accordingtothepassage,“populationasaglobalissue”（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromtheexampleofapowerfusethat（）.

3.Whatleadstoastablegrowthofpopulationformostofhumanhistory?

4.Thereasonforarapidgrowthofpopulationliesinthefactthat（）.

5.Howmanypeopleareborneverysixhoursatpresent,accordingtotheauthor?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.isquiteunlikethepopulationproblemandthusdoesn’tneedourconcern

B.focusesontrackingdownthereasonofrapidpopulationgrowth

C.dealswiththesameproblemarousedbythepopulationproblem

D.willmanagethepopulationgrowthproblemfromglobalperspectives

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.toomuchpopulationwillonedayleadtothedoomofhumanbeings

B.thetrendofpopulationgrowthwillkeepunsteadyuntilthedestructionofEarth

C.demographicgrowthwillfollowacertainpatternofupsanddowns

D.itislikelyinthenearfuturethatpopulationwillreducegradually

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Speciescompetition

B.Lowfertility

C.Tribalfights

D.Highrateofdeath

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.peoplearepermittedtohavemorechildren

B.peoplecanlivebetterthanbefore

C.newbornbabiesdielessthanbefore

D.wehavefoundthesecretoflongevity

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Eightymillion.

B.Eightthousand

C.Fiftythousand

D.Fivemillion

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。原文首段第一句提及“Wecanbeginourdiscussionof‘populationasaglobalissue’withwhatmostpersonmeanwhentheydiscuss‘thepopulationproblem’…當(dāng)大多數(shù)人在討論‘人口問題’的時(shí)候，我們也可以開始‘人口作為一個(gè)全球問題’的討論。”由此可知，這兩個(gè)問題是一樣的，都是由人口問題引發(fā)的，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“powerfuse”定位到第一段最后一句“Itwasquiterighttoemployasimilarmatterthatlinkeddemographicgrowthto‘a(chǎn)long,thinpowerfusethatburnssteadilyfromtimetotimeuntilitfinallyreachesthelimit,andexplodes’.它很正確地使用了一個(gè)類似的問題，即把人口增長與‘一根又長又細(xì)的電源保險(xiǎn)絲，它不時(shí)地穩(wěn)定燃燒，直到最終達(dá)到極限并爆炸’聯(lián)系起來?！庇纱丝芍髡呤窍胪ㄟ^電源保險(xiǎn)絲的例子告訴我們，人口過多總有一天會(huì)導(dǎo)致人類的滅亡，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)第三句“Formostofhumanhistory,itwasseldomthecasethatoneintenpersonswouldlivepastforty,whereinfancyandchildhoodwereespeciallyriskyperiods.在人類歷史的大部分時(shí)間里，很少會(huì)有十分之一的人活過四十歲，而在這個(gè)時(shí)期，嬰兒期和兒童期是特別危險(xiǎn)的。”也就是說，導(dǎo)致人口穩(wěn)定增長的原因是高死亡率，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容：它不僅從歷史的角度看待目前的人口增長問題，它表明了近年來人口快速增長的原因不是人們突然想要生更多的孩子，而是因?yàn)楦纳屏藗鹘y(tǒng)上造成高死亡率的狀況。由此可知，人口快速增長的真正原因在于死亡率的改善，所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干問的是“目前每六小時(shí)有多少人出生?”根據(jù)最后一段的最后三句“Between8000B.C.and1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld’spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours.Theincreaseisabout80,000,000personsannually.公元前8000年—1650年間，世界人口平均每年只增加5萬人。目前，這個(gè)數(shù)字每六小時(shí)增加一次。每年大約增加8000萬人。”由此可知，現(xiàn)在每六個(gè)小時(shí)有5萬人出生，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

6.單選題

11.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Seafood.

B.Dairyproducts.

C.Vegetablesandfruit.

D.Heavyfood.

【答案】D

【解析】W:Howlongdoesthepainlastwhenyougetit?

M:Itcomesandgoes!SometimesIhardlyfeelanything,othertimesitcanlastuptohalfanhourormore.

W:Isthereatypeoffoodthatseemstocausestrongerpainthanothertypes?

M:Um,heavyfoodslikesteakorlasagnausuallybringsiton,I’vebeentryingtoavoidthose.

Q:Whattypeoffoodseemstocausestrongerpaintotheman?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。男士說heavyfood通常會(huì)造成這種疼痛。

7.單選題

Thereisastrong（）thatthematterwillsoonbesettled.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.livelihood

B.likelihood

C.singlehood

D.manhood

【答案】B

【解析】句意:那個(gè)事情很有可能將會(huì)很快被解決。

考查名詞辨析。livelihood生計(jì),生活;likelihood可能性,可能;singlehood單身,未婚;manhood成年,男子,男子氣概。故B符合句意。

8.單選題

Livinginpoverty,shesoldfor1000dollarsthe（

）ofherfather’sfirstwork,whichmadehimfamous.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.manuscript

B.document

C.file

D.duplicate

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)manuscript“手稿，原稿”；B選項(xiàng)document“文件”；C選項(xiàng)file“文件，檔案”；D選項(xiàng)duplicate“副本，復(fù)制品”。句意：由于生活貧困，她以1000美元的價(jià)格賣掉了她父親第一部作品并且使之成名的手稿。選項(xiàng)A更符合語境。

9.單選題

TheEnglishnovelistWilliamThackerayconsideredthecultofthecriminalsodangerousthathecriticizedDickens’OliverTwistformakingthecharactersinthethieves’kitchenso（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.threatening

B.riveting

C.conniving

D.fearsome

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。threatening“危險(xiǎn)的；脅迫的；兇兆的”；riveting“非常迷人的；吸引人的”；conniving“縱容的；默許的”；fearsome“可怕的；害怕的”。句意：英國小說家威廉?薩克雷認(rèn)為對(duì)罪犯的狂熱崇拜是相當(dāng)危險(xiǎn)的，所以他批評(píng)狄更斯的《霧都孤兒》讓小偷廚房中的人物是如此吸引人。由consideredthecultofthecriminalsodangerous可知B項(xiàng)符合語境。正是由于作品中塑造的人物具有吸引力才讓人崇拜。

10.單選題

Asaresultofthestrike,theGovernmentisurgingpeopletobe（）withelectricity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.economic

B.economical

C.economy

D.economics

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)economic“經(jīng)濟(jì)上的”；B選項(xiàng)economical“經(jīng)濟(jì)的，節(jié)儉的”；C選項(xiàng)economy“經(jīng)濟(jì)，節(jié)約”；D選項(xiàng)economics“經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)”。根據(jù)句意“由于罷工，政府正在敦促人們節(jié)約用電?！眀eeconomicalwith意為“節(jié)約使用某物”。選項(xiàng)B正確。

11.單選題

Asmodernsciencemovesfaster,twoforcesare______onprofessor:oneisthetimeneededtokeeponwiththeprofession;theotheristhetimeneededtoteach.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exerted

B.expired

C.exiled

D.exempted

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)exerted“外露的”；B選項(xiàng)expired“過期的；失效的”；C選項(xiàng)exiled“被流放的；流亡的”；D選項(xiàng)exempted“被免除的”。句意：隨著現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的快速發(fā)展，有兩種力量______教授身上：一是繼續(xù)從事這一職業(yè)所需的時(shí)間；另一個(gè)是教學(xué)所需的時(shí)間。根據(jù)語境，這里指教授受兩個(gè)方面的因素的影響，這兩個(gè)方面同時(shí)顯現(xiàn)出來，A選項(xiàng)exerted“外露的”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

ThescientistsattheUniversityofBerninSwitzerlandhaveusedaweakenedvirusthatisnot______andhasprovedsafeandeffective.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.infectious

B.harmful

C.dangerous

D.invading

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)infectious“傳染性的，感染的”；B選項(xiàng)harmful“有害的，導(dǎo)致?lián)p害的”；C選項(xiàng)dangerous“危險(xiǎn)的”；D選項(xiàng)invading為動(dòng)詞invade（侵入，侵略）的現(xiàn)在分詞。根據(jù)virus與hasprovedsafeandeffective可知A選項(xiàng)符合語義。句意：瑞士伯爾尼大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們使用了一種弱病毒，這種病毒不具傳染性，而且已被證明是安全有效的。

13.單選題

The（）cycleoflifeanddeathisasubjectofinteresttoscientistsandphilosophersalike.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incompatible

B.exceeding

C.instantaneous

D.eternal

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。incompatible不相容的，矛盾的；exceeding超越;instantaneous瞬間的，即刻的；eternal永恒的，不朽的。句意：（）生死輪回是一個(gè)科學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家都感興趣的課題。D選項(xiàng)eternal符合句意。

14.單選題

Iwasverypleased（）theroomyouprovided（）me.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A./,to

B./,for

C.with,to

D.with,for

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。bepleasedwith“對(duì)……感到滿意”；providesth.forsb.“向某人提供某物”。句意：我對(duì)你為我提供的房間非常滿意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

FortheGreeks,beautywasavirtue:akindofexcellence.Personsthenwereassumedtobewhatwenowhavetocall—lamely,enviously—wholepersons.IfitdidoccurtotheGreekstodistinguishbetweenaperson’s“inside”and“outside,”theystillexpectedthatinnerbeautywouldbematchedbybeautyoftheoilierkind.Thewell-bornyoungAthenianswhogatheredaroundSocratesfounditquiteparadoxicalthattheirherowassointelligent,sobrave,sohonorable,soseductive—andsougly.OneofSocrates’mainpedagogicalactswastobeugly—andteachthoseinnocent,nodoubtsplendid-lookingdisciplesofhishowfullofparadoxeslifereallywas.

TheymayhaveresistedSocrates’lesson.Wedonot.Severalthousandyearslater,wearemorewaryoftheenchantmentsofbeauty,wenotonlysplitoff-withthegreatestfacility-the“inside”(character,intellect)fromthe“outside’’(looks);butweareactuallysurprisedwhensomeonewhoisbeautifulisalsointelligent,talented,good.

ItwasprincipallytheinfluenceofChristianitythatdeprivedbeautyofthecentralplaceithadinclassicalidealshumanexcellence.Bylimitingexcellence(virtusinLatin)tomoralvirtueonly,Christianitysetbeautyadrift—asanalienated,arbitrary,superficialenchantment.Andbeautyhascontinuedtoloseprestige.Forclosetotwocenturiesithasbecomeaconventiontoattributebeautytoonlyoneofthetwosexes:thesexwhich,howeverfair,isalwayssecond.Associatingbeautywithwomenhasputbeautyevenfurtheronthedefensive,morally.

Anumberwomen,wesayinEnglish,butahandsomeman.“Handsome”isthemasculineequivalentof—andrefusalof—acomplimentwhichhasaccumulatedcertaindemeaningovertones,bybeingreservedforwomenonly.Thatonecanallaman“beautiful”inFrenchandinItaliansuggeststhatCatholiccountries—unlikethosecountriesshapedbytheProtestantversionofChristianity—stillremainsomevestigesofthepaganadmirationforbeauty.Butthedifference,ifoneexists,isofdegreeonly.IneverymoderncountrythatisChristianorpost-Christian,womenarethebeautifulsex-tothedetrimentofthenotionofbeautyaswellasofwomen.

1.Theauthormeansby“wholepersons”inPara1（

）.

2.WhydoestheauthorspeculatethatSocrates’disciplesmayhaveresistedhislessons?

3.Theauthordoesnotthinkofitasa(n)

（

）

tocallwomenthebeautifulsex.

4.Howdopeoplereacttodaywhentheymeetsomewomanwhoenjoysbothbeautyandintelligence?

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTlineaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.personsofbeauty

B.personsofvirtue

C.personsofexcellence

D.noneoftheabove

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.BecauseSocrateswasugly.

B.BecauseSocratestaughtthemtobecritical.

C.Becausetheyhadadifferentexpectation.

D.Becausetheywereinnocent.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.compliment

B.insult

C.abuse

D.humiliation

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyfeelthisissurprisingtothem.

B.Theyfeeljealousofthewoman.

C.Theyfeelthisispitifulforthewoman.

D.Theyfeelthisisquitenatural

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Christianitydrawsadistinctionbetweenbeautyandexcellence.

B.PeoplehaslosttheiradmirationforbeautythroughoutChristiansociety.

C.“Handsome”istheequivalentof“beautiful”inmeaning.

D.Womenarethoughttobeinferior.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目問的是“在第一段中，作者提及的wholepersons指代……”。文章第一段第二三句提到“那時(shí)候的人被認(rèn)為是我們現(xiàn)在所說的跛腳的、愛嫉妒的—完整的人。如果希臘人真能區(qū)分一個(gè)人的‘內(nèi)在美’和‘外在美’……”（Personsthenwereassumedtobewhatwenowhavetocall—lamely,enviously—wholepersons.IfitdidoccurtotheGreekstodistinguishbetweenaperson’s“inside”and“outside”…），由此可以看出，“完整的人”指代既有內(nèi)在美又有外在美的人，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“作者猜測(cè)為什么蘇格拉底的弟子們拒絕其教學(xué)”。文章第一段提到“聚集在蘇格拉底周圍的那些出身良好的雅典青年發(fā)現(xiàn)了這樣一種矛盾的情景：他們?nèi)绱寺敾邸⒂赂?、受人尊重、有魅力，但容貌卻如此丑陋”（Thewell-bornyoungAthenianswhogatheredaroundSocratesfounditquiteparadoxicalthattheirherowassointelligent,sobrave,sohonorable,soseductive—andsougly）。蘇格拉底弟子們預(yù)想的真正的“完人”應(yīng)該是內(nèi)外皆美的，與蘇格拉底教學(xué)的“主要行為之一就是丑陋”矛盾，由此可以看出他的弟子與其期望不同，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“作者不認(rèn)為稱呼女性美麗的性別是一種……”。文章第四段提到“美麗由于只用于女性，已經(jīng)帶上了某種蔑視的含義”（acomplimentwhichhasaccumulatedcertaindemeaningovertones,bybeingreservedforwomenonly），所以選項(xiàng)A“恭維”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“今天的人們遇上一個(gè)美貌與智慧并存的女性時(shí)的反應(yīng)是……”。文章第二段提到“但是我們?yōu)橐粋€(gè)美麗、智慧、有天分并且善良的人感到吃驚”（butweareactuallysurprisedwhensomeonewhoisbeautifulisalsointelligent,talented,good），選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章所述，下列說法不正確的是……”。文章最后一段提到“一個(gè)人在法國和意大利語中都可以被稱為‘美麗的’，這表明天主教國家不想那些被新教版本的基督教所塑造的國家仍然保持著異教徒對(duì)美麗的崇拜的痕跡”（Thatonecanallaman“beautiful”inFrenchandinItaliansuggeststhatCatholiccountries—unlikethosecountriesshapedbytheProtestantversionofChristianity—stillremainsomevestigesofthepaganadmirationforbeauty），選項(xiàng)B“整個(gè)基督教社會(huì)已經(jīng)不再崇拜美麗”與原文不符，所以符合題意。

16.單選題

Thesewerestubbornmennoteasily（

）tochangetheirmind.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tilted

B.converted

C.persuaded

D.suppressed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)title“加標(biāo)題與；賦予頭銜；把……稱為”；B選項(xiàng)convert“轉(zhuǎn)變；皈依；改變信仰”；C選項(xiàng)persuade“說服；勸說”；D選項(xiàng)suppress“抑制；鎮(zhèn)壓；廢止”。句意：這些頑固的人，別人很難……他們改變主意。綜合句意和選項(xiàng)可知，此處應(yīng)表示頑固的人很難被“說服”改變主意。C選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Thegoodnewsmadeheadlinesnationwide:Deathsfromseveralkindsofcancerhavedeclinedsignificantlyinrecentyears.Butthenewshastobebittersweetformanycancerpatientsandtheirfamilies.Everyyear,morethan500,000peopleintheUnitedStatesstilldieofcancer.Infact,morethanhalfofallpatientsdiagnosedwithcancerwilldieoftheirdiseasewithinafewyears.Andwhileitstruesurvivalislongertodaythaninthepast,thequalityoflifeforthesepatientsisoftengreatlydiminished.Cancer—andmanyofthetreatmentsusedtofightit—causespain,nausea,fatigue,andanxietythatroutinelygoundertreatedoruntreated.

Inthenation’ssingle-mindedfocusoncuringcancer,wehaveinadvertentlydevaluedthecriticalneedforpalliativecare,whichfocusesonalleviatingphysicalandpsychologicalsymptomsoverthecourseofthedisease.Nothingwouldhaveagreaterimpactonthedailylivesofcancerpatientsandtheirfamiliesthangoodsymptomcontrolandsupportivetherapy.YettheNationalCancerInstitute(NCI),thefederalgovernment’sleaderincancerresearchandtraining,spentlessthanonepercentofits1999budgetonanyaspectofresearchortraininginpalliativecare.

Thenationneedstogetseriousaboutreducingneedlesssuffering.NCIshouldcommittoandfundresearchaimedatimprovingsymptomcontrolandpalliativecare.NCIalsocoulddesignate“centersofexcellence”amongthecancercentersitrecognizes.Togetthatdesignation,centerswoulddeliverinnovative,top-qualitypalliativecaretoallsegmentsofthepopulationsthecentersserve;trainprofessionalsinmedicine,nursing,psychology,socialwork,andotherdisciplinestoprovidepalliativecare;andconductresearch.

Insurancecoverageforpalliativeandhospicecarealsocontributestotheproblembyforcingpeopletochoosebetweentreatmentorhospicecare.This“either/or”approachdoesnotreadilyallowthesetwotypesofessentialcaretobeintegrated.TheMedicarehospicebenefitisdesignedspecificallyforpeopleinthefinalstagesofillnessandallowsenrollmentonlyifpatientsareexpectedtosurvivesixmonthsorless.Thebenefitexcludespatientsfromseekingbothpalliativecareandpotentiallylife-extendingtreatment.

Thatmakeshospiceenrollmentanobviousdeterrentformanypatients.Andhospices,whichmayhavethemostskilledpractitionersandthemostexperienceinadministeringpalliativecare,cannotoffertheirservicestopeoplewhocouldreallybenefitbutstillarepursuingactivetreatment.

Itisinnatelyhumantocomfortandprovidecaretothosesufferingfromcancer,particularlythoseclosetodeath.Yetwhatseemsself-evidentatanindividual,personallevelhasnotguidedpolicyatthelevelofinstitutionsinthiscountry.Deathisinevitable,butseveresufferingisnot.Toofferhopeforalonglifeofthehighestpossiblequalityandtodeliverthebestqualitycancercarefromdiagnosestodeath,ourpublicinstitutionsneedtomovetowardpoliciesthatvalueandpromotepalliativecare.

16.Palliativecareisconcernedwithimprovingpatients’________.

17.Accordingtotheauthor,researchonpalliativecare________.

18.Themainproblemofinsurancecoverageforhospicecareandactivetreatmentisthat________.

19.Hospicesoffercancerpatients________.

20.Thistextismainlyabout________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.survivalrates

B.qualityoflife

C.lifespans

D.optionsforhealthinsuranceproviders

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ismoreimportantthanresearchforcancercures

B.hasbeenoverlookedbyresearchers

C.isvirtuallynon-existent

D.isregardedbyresearchersasafrivoloustopic

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.itdoesnotallowpatientstoseekboth

B.itonlycoverspatientswhoselifeexpectancyislessthansixmonths

C.itdeprivespatientsoftherighttochoosebetweentwoproventreatmentmethods

D.hospicecareisonlycoveredwhenitmayextendapatient’slifeexpectancy

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.analternativetopalliativecare

B.comfortintheirearlystagesofillness

C.skilledandexperiencedpalliativecare

D.analternativetoactivetreatment

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.improvingcancerresearchintheU.S

B.reforminginsurancecoverageforcancerpatients

C.understandingdifferentoptionsforcancertreatmentandcare

D.reducingthesufferingofcancerpatients

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】16.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句palliativecare,whichfocusesonalleviatingphysicalandpsychologicalsymptomsoverthecourseofthedisease.（姑息治療的重點(diǎn)是在疾病過程中減輕身體和心理癥狀。）和第二句Nothingwouldhaveagreaterimpactonthedailylivesofcancerpatientsandtheirfamiliesthangoodsymptomcontrolandsupportivetherapy.（沒有什么比平穩(wěn)控制癥狀和支持性治療對(duì)癌癥患者及其家人的日常生活影響更大的了。），可知姑息治療對(duì)日常生活影響最大，所以B選項(xiàng)“生活質(zhì)量”正確。A選項(xiàng)“存活率”，C選項(xiàng)“壽命”和D選項(xiàng)“健康保險(xiǎn)公司的選擇”不是姑息治療的重點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

17.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Inthenation’ssingle-mindedfocusoncuringcancer,wehaveinadvertentlydevaluedthecriticalneedforpalliativecare（在我國一心一意致力于治愈癌癥的同時(shí)，我們無意中低估了對(duì)姑息治療的迫切需要）和第三段第一句Thenationneedstogetseriousaboutreducingneedlesssuffering.（國家需要認(rèn)真對(duì)待減少不必要的痛苦。），可知在作者看來，姑息治療應(yīng)該更加被重視，所以B選項(xiàng)“被研究者忽視了”正確，沒有說姑息治療比治療癌癥本身更重要，故A選項(xiàng)“比癌癥治療的研究更重要”錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“幾乎不存在”：根據(jù)第二段最后一句YettheNationalCancerInstitute(NCI)…spentlessthanonepercentofits1999budgetonanyaspectofresearchortraininginpalliativecare.（然而，作為聯(lián)邦政府在癌癥研究和培訓(xùn)方面的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu)，國家癌癥研究所在姑息治療的任何方面的研究或培訓(xùn)上的支出不到其1999年預(yù)算的1%。），可知有這方面的研究，只是很少，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“研究者認(rèn)為這個(gè)主題很無聊”：文章沒有提及，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

18.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段第一句Insurancecoverageforpalliativeandhospicecarealsocontributestotheproblembyforcingpeopletochoosebetweentreatmentorhospicecare.（姑息治療和臨終關(guān)懷的保險(xiǎn)范圍也導(dǎo)致了這個(gè)問題，因?yàn)樗仁谷藗冊(cè)谥委熀团R終關(guān)懷之間做出選擇。），可知醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)讓人只能在姑息治療和臨終關(guān)懷選擇其一，所以A選項(xiàng)“不允許病人同時(shí)尋求兩者”正確，但還是可以選擇，故C選項(xiàng)“剝奪了患者在兩種已被證實(shí)的治療方法之間選擇的權(quán)利”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“只覆蓋預(yù)期壽命少于6個(gè)月的患者”和D選項(xiàng)“只有當(dāng)臨終關(guān)懷可以延長病人的預(yù)期壽命時(shí)，它才包括在內(nèi)”：根據(jù)第四段第三、四句TheMedicarehospicebenefitisdesignedspecificallyforpeopleinthefinalstagesofillnessandallowsenrollmentonlyifpatientsareexpectedtosurvivesixmonthsorless.Thebenefitexcludespatientsfromseekingbothpalliativecareandpotentiallylife-extendingtreatment.（醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)臨終關(guān)懷福利是專門為處于疾病最后階段的人設(shè)計(jì)的，只有在患者預(yù)計(jì)存活時(shí)間為6個(gè)月或更短的情況下才允許登記。這種好處使患者既不尋求姑息治療，也不尋求可能延長生命的治療。），這里說的是臨終關(guān)懷的使用情況，即患者預(yù)計(jì)存活時(shí)間為6個(gè)月或更短的時(shí)候采用臨終關(guān)懷，這時(shí)不以延長壽命為目的，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

19.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段第二句Andhospices,whichmayhavethemostskilledpractitionersandthemostexperienceinadministeringpalliativecare（臨終關(guān)懷院或許有對(duì)臨終關(guān)懷最有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的醫(yī)生和姑息治療經(jīng)驗(yàn)），可知臨終關(guān)懷院提供給患者C選項(xiàng)“熟練和經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的姑息治療”，所以C選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“疾病早期階段的舒適”：根據(jù)第四段第三句TheMedicarehospicebenefitisdesignedspecificallyforpeopleinthefinalstagesofillness（醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)臨終關(guān)懷福利是專門為處于疾病最后階段的人設(shè)計(jì)的），可知臨終關(guān)懷不針對(duì)疾病早期，故錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“姑息治療的替代方案”，和D選項(xiàng)“積極治療的替代方案”：文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

20.主旨大意題。文章第一段引入治療癌癥的副作用沒有得到充分治療，第二、三段呼吁國家對(duì)此采取措施，第四、五段提到臨終關(guān)懷對(duì)減輕患者痛苦的保險(xiǎn)情況，最后一段總結(jié)全文強(qiáng)調(diào)推動(dòng)姑息治療，全文都在圍繞減輕患者痛苦的醫(yī)療方法，所以D選項(xiàng)“減少癌癥患者的痛苦”正確。A選項(xiàng)“改善美國的癌癥研究”，B選項(xiàng)“改革癌癥患者的保險(xiǎn)范圍”和C選項(xiàng)“了解癌癥治療和護(hù)理的不同選擇”是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Hedecidedtotake______golftoprovidehimselfwithsomerelaxation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.over

C.up

D.with

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.on在……之上B.over關(guān)于，在……上方

C.up向上D.with和……在一起

【考查點(diǎn)】介詞辨析。

【解題思路】按照句意“他決定______高爾夫球來放松一下”可知，空格處表示“打”，分析句子可知，空格處是填入一個(gè)介詞與take搭配，而takeup表示“開始從事”，在這里可以表示“開始打高爾夫”，所以該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)takeon表示“承擔(dān)，呈現(xiàn)”；

B項(xiàng)takeover表示“接管，接收”；

D項(xiàng)takewith表示“將……戴上”；

都不符合句子邏輯。

【句意】他決定開始打高爾夫球來放松一下。

19.單選題

ThechangeingloballyaveragedtemperaturethathaveoccurredatthattheEarth’ssurfaceoverthepastcenturyaresimilarinsizeandtimingtothose（1）bymodelstakeintoaccountthecombinedinfluencesofhumanfactorsandsolarvariability.

To（2）thequestionofattributionrequiresthe（3）ofmorepowerfulandcomplexmethods,beyondtheuseofglobalaveragesalone.Newstudieshavefocusedon（4）mapsorpatternsoftemperaturechangein（5）andinmodels.Patternanalysisistheclimatologicallyequivalentofthemorecomprehensivetestsinthemedicalanalogymentioned（6）,andmakesitpossibletoachievemoredefinitive（7）ofobservedclimatechangedtoaparticularcauseorcauses.

TheexpectedinfluenceofhumanactivitiesisthoughttobemuchmorecomplexthanuniformwarmingovertheentiresurfaceoftheEarthandoverthewhole（8）cycle.Patternsofchangeoverspaceandtimethereforeprovideamorepowerful（9）technique.Thebasicidea（10）pattern-basedapproachesisthatdifferent（11）causesofclimatechangehavedifferentcharacteristicpatternsofclimateresponseorfingerprints.Attributionstudiesseekto（12）afingerprintmatchbetweenthepatternsofclimatechange（13）bymodelsandthoseactuallyobserved.

Themostrecentassessmentofthesciencesuggeststhathumanactivitieshaveledtoadiscernible（14）onglobalclimateandthattheseactivitieswillhaveandincreasinginfluenceonfutureclimate.Theburningofcoal,oilandnaturalgas,aswellasvariousagriculturalandindustrialpractices,are（15）thecompositionoftheatmosphereandcontributingtoclimatechange.Thesehumanactivitieshaveledtoincreasedatmospheric（16）ofanumberofgreenhousegases,includingcarbondioxide,methaneandsoonintheloweratmosphere.

Humanactivities,suchastheburningoffossil,havealsoincreasedthe（17）ofsmallparticlesintheatmosphere.Theseparticlescanchangethe（18）ofenergythatisabsorbedandreflectedbytheatmosphere.Theyarealsobelievedtomodifythe（19）ofairandclouds,changingtheamountofenergythattheyabsorbandreflect.Intensivestudiesoftheclimateeffectsoftheseparticlesbeganonlyrecentlyandtheoverall（20）isuncertain.Itislikelythattheneteffectofthesesmallparticlesistocooltheclimateandtopartiallyoffsetthewarmingofincreasingconcentrationsofgreenhousegases.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incensed

B.personify

C.interact

D.predicted

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.array

B.ascertain

C.probe

D.perturb

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.application

B.integration

C.avenge

D.intervene

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.conforming

B.comparing

C.biding

D.budgeting

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.junctions

B.junctures

C.obligations

D.observations

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.optionally

B.ornamentally

C.previously

D.predicatively

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.attribution

B.autonomy

C.indication

D.induction

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.immune

B.seasonal

C.formidable

D.perceptible

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.analysis

B.disposal

C.antigen

D.disincentive

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.avenging

B.underestimating

C.ascending

D.underlying

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.potential

B.respectable

C.secretive

D.sturdy

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.weary

B.obtain

C.wink

D.retard

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.oriented

B.kenned

C.predicted

D.lapsed

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.modification

B.nomination

C.penetration

D.influence

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.paving

B.altering

C.retreating

D.saluting

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.stabilities

B.popularities

C.concentrations

D.hierarchies

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.abundance

B.hemisphere

C.fixture

D.distress

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.burial

B.argumentation

C.legislation

D.amount

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.disposals

B.properties

C.certainties

D.blends

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.calculation

B.assignment

C.budget

D.effect

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:D

第11題:A

第12題:B

第13題:C

第14題:D

第15題:B

第16題:C

第17題:A

第18題:D

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】1.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)incensed“激怒”；B選項(xiàng)personify“擬人化”；C選項(xiàng)interact“互相影響”；D選項(xiàng)predicted“預(yù)測(cè)”。句意：地球表面發(fā)生的全球平均溫度的變化在大小和時(shí)間上與模型預(yù)測(cè)的相似。本句表示模型預(yù)測(cè)了地球表面溫度的變化。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)array“排列”；B選項(xiàng)ascertain“確定”；C選項(xiàng)probe“調(diào)查”；D選項(xiàng)perturb“擾亂”。此處的意思是調(diào)查問題的原因。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.考查上下文語義。A選項(xiàng)application“應(yīng)用”；B選項(xiàng)integration“集成”；C選項(xiàng)avenge“報(bào)仇”；D選項(xiàng)intervene“干涉”。此處的意思是運(yùn)用更強(qiáng)大更復(fù)雜的方法來調(diào)查原因。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)conforming“符合”；B選項(xiàng)comparing“比較”；C選項(xiàng)biding“忍耐”；D選項(xiàng)budgeting“編制預(yù)算”。句意：新的研究集中于比較溫度變化圖和溫度變化模式。本句表示將變化圖和變化模式兩者進(jìn)行比較。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)junctions“接合點(diǎn)”；B選項(xiàng)junctures“接縫”；C選項(xiàng)obligations“義務(wù)”；D選項(xiàng)observations“觀察”。句意：觀察到的和模型中的溫度變化模式。本句表示觀察到的溫度變化和模型中的溫度變化兩方面。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)optionally“隨意地”；B選項(xiàng)ornamentally“裝飾地”；C選項(xiàng)previously“以前”；D選項(xiàng)predicatively“肯定地”。此處是指之前提到過的。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.考