考研考博-英語-平頂山職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-平頂山職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

BillClintonprojectedan（

）personalityinthe1992campaign,butthatwasnothisonlyadvantageoverBushandanindependentcandidate,RossPerot.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.informal

B.exaggerative

C.affluent

D.effervescent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。informal“非正式的”；exaggerative“夸張的”；affluent“富裕的；流暢的”；effervescent“活躍的”。句意：比爾?克林頓（美國前總統(tǒng)）在1992年的競選中表現(xiàn)出活躍的個性，但這不是他相對于布什和獨(dú)立候選人羅斯?佩羅的唯一優(yōu)勢。只有D項(xiàng)可以形容personality。

2.單選題

Activistparentssayschoolkidsaren't_______enoughtounderstandthatafruit-flavoredsoftdrinkdoesn'thavethenutritionalbenefitsofrealfruit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adulterated

B.mingled

C.sophisticated

D.refined

【答案】C

【解析】adulterated摻入次級品的;mingle（使）混合;sophisticated富有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的，老練的;refine精煉，改善。句意：一些激進(jìn)的父母說，學(xué)校里的孩子還不夠成熟，不能理解水果味的軟飲料并不含有水果中所含的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

3.單選題

Socialchangeismorelikelytooccurinheterogeneoussocietiesthaninhomogenousones,simplybecausetherearemorediversepointsofviewavailableintheformer.Therearemoreconflictsofinterest,andmoregroupsandorganizationofdifferentpersuasions.Inaddition,thereisusuallyagreaterworldlyinterestandtoleranceinheterogeneoussocieties.Allthesefactorstendtopromotesocialchangebyopeningmoreareasoflifetodecisionratherthansubjectingthemtoauthority.Inaquitehomogenoussociety,therearefeweroccasionsforpeopletoperceivetheneedortheopportunityforchange,becauseeverythingseemstobethesameand,ifnotsatisfactory,atleastcustomaryandundisputed.

Withinasociety,socialchangeisalsolikelytooccurmorefrequentlyandmorereadily(1)inthematerialaspectsoftheculturethaninthenon-material,forexample,intechnologyratherthaninvalues;(2)inwhathasbeenlearnedlaterinliferatherthanwhatwaslearnedearly;(3)inthelessbasic,lessemotional,orlesssacredaspectsofsocietythanintheiropposites,likereligionorasystemofprestige;(4)inthesimpleelementsratherthaninthecomplexones.(5)Informratherthaninsubstance;and(6)inelementscongenialtothecultureratherthaninstrangeelements.

Furthermore,socialchangeiseasierifitisgradual.Forexample,itcomesmorereadilyinhumanrelationsonacontinuousscaleratherthanonewithsharpdichotomies.ThisisonereasonwhychangehasnotcomemorequicklytoBlackAmericansascomparedtootherAmericanminorities,becauseofthesharpdifferenceinappearancebetweenthemandtheirwhitecounterparts.

1.Accordingtothepassage,themaindifferencebetweenahomogenoussocietyandaheterogeneousoneliesin（

）.

2.Theauthorwouldmostprobablyagreethatchangesaremorelikelytobesuccessfulin（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thenumberofopportunitiesoffered

B.thenatureofconflictsofinterest

C.theawarenessoftheneedforchange

D.theroleofsocialorganizations

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.productionmethods

B.ideologicalconcept

C.religiousbeliefs

D.socialbehavior

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段的第一句話后半句“…，simplybecausetherearemorediversepointsofviewavailableintheformer”可以看出在由不同種族組成的社會中會存在更多的不同的觀點(diǎn)，因此要求改變的意識就更強(qiáng)。或者此題也可從反面看出，從第一段的第五句話中“Inaquitehomogeneoussociety,therearefeweroccasionsforpeopletoperceivetheneedortheopportunityforchange,...”看出由同種族構(gòu)成的社會中，沒什么情況會讓人們覺察到需要改變，因此從反面可推出由不同種族組成的社會肯定是因?yàn)橛X得要改變的意識更強(qiáng)，所以才會變化的快。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容尤其是第（5）點(diǎn)Informratherthaninsubstance可推知作者講述了一個社會中六種容易改變的方面，其中第一個方面就是文化中物質(zhì)的方面比非物質(zhì)的方面要變化的快些，比如說是科技比價(jià)值觀變化的快。A選項(xiàng)中的productionmethods“生產(chǎn)商品的方法”屬于科技，所以A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

HiscriticisminjuredJenny’s（）.Sosheisfeelingsadnow.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.divinity

B.indignity

C.ego

D.mind

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。divinity“神圣，神性”；indignity“侮辱，輕蔑”；ego“自尊心，自我意識”；mind“精神，理智，決心”。句意：他的批評傷害了Jenny的自尊心。所以她現(xiàn)在非常傷心。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.單選題

Thehumangenesequencewillallowresearcherstomakerapidprogressinunderstandingtherelationshipbetweengenesandbehavior.Thefindingthatwehavefarfewergenesthanexpectedsuggeststhatenvironmentalinfluencesplayagreaterroleinourdevelopmentthanwaspreviouslythought.

Understandinghowarelativelysmallnumberofgenestranslateintotheincrediblecomplexityofahumanbeingwillbeoneofthechallengesofthefuture."Wenowhavethelistofpartsofthehumanbody,"saidMr.JohnSulston,whospearheadedUKeffortstocrackthehumancode."Nowwehavetofindoutwhatthepartsare,wehavetofindouthowallthepartsinteractandwehavetoprobablydosomeverysophisticatedthingstounderstandhowthecontrolofthoseinteractionsgoesforwardtoactuallybuildourbodies."

Researchersarepredictingthedatawillunlocksomeofthesecretsofhowgenesinfluencebehavior.Buttheywarnagainstheadline-makingclaimsthatgivengenescanbethecaseofcrime,homosexualityorevensportingbrilliance.DrCraigVenter,theleaderofprivateefforttodecodethehumangenome,saidgeneticdeterminism,theideathatapersoniscontrolledbyhisgeneswasafallacy."Therearetwofallaciestobeavoided,"DrVenter'steamwritesinthejournalScience."Determinism,theideathatallcharacteristicsofapersonare'hard-wired'bythegenome;andreductionism,thatnowthehumansequenceiscompletelyknown,itisjustamatteroftimebeforeourunderstandingofgenefunctionsandinteractionswillprovideacompletecausaldescriptionofhumanvariability.

Oneimplicationofthework,saidDrVenter,wastocalmfearsabouthumancloning.“Tryingtocloneapersontogainimmoralitywouldbepointlessventure”，hesaid.Dr,Ventersaid,"Thiswholedebateaboutthecloningismuchadoaboutnothingbecausewhileyoumaybeableto,aswithtwins,havesomeonewholookssimilartoyou,thechancesofthemhavingthesamepersonalityandthesameoutcomeinlifeisclosetozero.That'swhyyoucannothaveXeroxcopiesofpeople;youcannothaveclonesofpeoplethatwillbethesame."

Oneareawherethestudyofgenesisexpectedtohaveanimpactisinidentifyingmentaldisorderswithgeneticroots,perhapsreducingthestigmaofconditionssuchasdepressionorschizophrenia.Researchersarealsoclosinginonstretchesofgeneticcodethatmaymakeanindividualmorevulnerabletodevelopingdrugoralcoholaddiction.

1.Followingthefindingthatwehavefewergenes,furtherresearchmaybeconductedinto（）.

2.The"listofpartsofhumanbody"(inthesecondparagraph)actuallyrefersto（）.

3.Thebeliefofreductionismmightbethat（）.

4.Thereasonwhywedon'thavetoworryabouthumancloningisthat（）.

5.Asalikelyresultofgeneresearchdescribedinthepassage,（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.howthehumangeneticsequencesinfluencetherelationshipbetweengenesandbehavior

B.whyenvironmentalinfluenceplaysagreaterroleinourgrowth

C.whyinheritanceplaysalesserroleinshapingourdestiny

D.howthegenesarecombinedtocreateincrediblecomplexityofhumanbeing

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thehumanlimbs

B.thehumanorgans

C.thehumanlimbsandorgans

D.thetotalnumberofgenes

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.humandiversitycanbeunderstoodbylookingatgenefunctionsandinteractions

B.ittakesalongtimeforustounderstandgenefunctionsandinteractions

C.itisfalsebeliefthatapersoniscontrolledcompletelybyhisgenes

D.byrearranginghumangeneticsequencenewbeingscanbecreatedatwill

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thetechniqueisdoomedfromtheverybeginning

B.nopersonwhowillliveforevercanbecreated

C.noindividualhumanexperiencecanbeduplicated

D.nopersonofidenticalappearancecanbecopied

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.drugprohibitionlawswillbeabolishedsomeday

B.thecaseofmentaldisorderwillbereduced

C.humanpersonalitycanbesimulatedoraltered

D.idealhumanbeingscanbecreatedbyrearrangingthegenes

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干問的是:在“我們有少量的基因”這一發(fā)現(xiàn)之后，進(jìn)一步的研究會進(jìn)入什么方面？第二段首句指出:Understandinghowarelativelysmallnumberofgenestranslatedintotheincrediblecomplexityofahumanbeingwillbeoneofthechallengesofthefuture(弄清楚如此少量的基因是如何轉(zhuǎn)變成人類的不可思議的復(fù)雜性，這個問題將成為將來的一個挑戰(zhàn))。因此選D項(xiàng)“基因是如何結(jié)合來創(chuàng)造人類不可思議的復(fù)雜性的”。

2.語義題。"listofpartsofhumanbody(身體的零件目錄)"后面句子對其做出了解釋:"Nowwehavetofindoutwhatthepartsare,wehavetofindouthowallthepartsinteractandwehavetoprobablydosomeverysophisticatedthingstounderstandhowthecontrolofthoseinteractionsgoesforwardtoactuallybuildourbodies."(現(xiàn)在我們必須找出這些部件是什么，是如何相互作用的，我們可能必須做一些非常復(fù)雜的事情來理解如何控制這些相互作用，從而真正地建立我們的身體)。由此推測,“零件目錄”指人類身體中的基因列表。故選D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞reductionism定位至第二段:reductionism,that…，itisjustamatteroftimebeforeourunderstandingofgenefunctionsandinteractionswillprovideacompletecausaldescriptionofhumanvariability(簡化論是指:現(xiàn)在人類基因排序完全被了解。我們弄清楚基因的功能，以及基因的相互作用提供人類多變性的完整因果描述，這都只是時(shí)間問題),因此A項(xiàng)“通過觀察基因功能和基因的互相影響，可以理解人類的多樣性”符合原文所述。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞cloning定位至第四段:Thiswholedebateaboutthecloningismuchadoaboutnothingbecausewhileyoumaybeableto,…，thechancesofthemhavingthesamepersonalityandthesameoutcomeinlifeisclosetozero(關(guān)于克隆的整個爭論都是小題大做，因?yàn)殡m然你可能如同雙胞胎一樣，會有一個看起來很像的人，但是，在生活中，擁有相同的性格和相同的結(jié)果的幾率幾乎是零),故選C“個體的實(shí)際經(jīng)歷是不能復(fù)制的”。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干問的是:文章所描述的基因研究的一個可能性結(jié)果是什么？第五段指出:Oneareawherethestudyofgenesisexpectedtohaveanimpactisinidentifyingmentaldisorderswithgeneticroots,perhapsreducingthestigmaofconditionssuchasdepressionorschizophrenia(人們希望基因研究領(lǐng)域能對確認(rèn)精祌疾病的遺傳根源有所影響，以此來減少抑郁和精祌分裂這些疾病的狀況),故選B“精祌疾病的案例會減少”。

6.單選題

Thelittlegirlcouldnot（）hercuriositytoseewhatwasinthebox.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.abstain

B.refrain

C.restrain

D.prevent

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)abstain“棄權(quán)；避免”；B選項(xiàng)refrain“節(jié)制；避免；制止”；C選項(xiàng)restrain“抑制；約束；制止”；D選項(xiàng)prevent“預(yù)防；阻止”。句意：小女孩……不住她的好奇心，想看看盒子里有什么。與“好奇心”搭配時(shí)選用C選項(xiàng)“抑制”更合適。

7.單選題

Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum,anorganizationledbyKofiAnnan,theformerUnitedNationssecretarygeneral.

Thereports,tobereleasedFriday,analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomictrends.Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutritionandheat-relatedhealthproblems.

Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.

Alongwiththedeaths,thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople,primarilyinpoorcountriesarebeingseriouslyaffectedbyclimatechange.Itprojectedthatthenumberwoulddoubleby2030.

RogerPielkeJr.,apoliticalscientistattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,whostudiesdisastertrends,saidtheForum’sreportwas“amethodologicalembarrassment”becausetherewasnowaytodistinguishdeathsoreconomiclossesrelatedtohuman-drivenglobalwarmingamidthemuchlargerlossesresultingfromthegrowthinpopulationsandeconomicdevelopmentinvulnerableregions.Dr.Pielkesaidtheclimatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmostattention.”Butthereport,hesaid,“willharmhecauseforactiononbothclimatechangeanddisastersbecauseitissodeeplyflawed.”

However,SorenAndreasen,asocialscientistatDalbergGlobalDevelopmentPartnerswhosupervisedthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.

Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.Morethan90%ofthehumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangeareoccurringinpoorcountries,accordingtothereport.

1.WhatisthefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianForum?

2.WhatdowelearnabouttheForum’sreportfromthepassage?

3.WhatdoesDr.PielkesayabouttheForum’sreport?

4.WhatisSorenAdreasen’sviewofthereport?

5.WhatdoesKofiAnnansayshouldbethefocusoftheCopenhagenconference?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ratesofdeathfromillnesseshaverisenduetoglobalwarming.

B.Globaltemperaturesaffecttherateofeconomicdevelopment.

C.Malnutritionhascausedserioushealthproblemsinpoorcountries.

D.Economictrendshavetodowithpopulationandnaturaldisasters.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itcausedabigstirindevelopingcountries.

B.Itwaswarmlyreceivedbyenvironmentalists

C.Itarousedalotofinterestinthescientificcircles.

D.Itwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskexperts.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itsstatisticslookembarrassing.

B.Itdeservesourclosetsattention.

C.Itisinvalidintermsofmethodology

D.Itsconclusionispurposelyexaggerated

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itsconclusionsarebasedoncarefullycollecteddata.

B.Itisvulnerabletocriticismifthestatisticsarecloselyexamined

C.ItwillgiverisetoheateddiscussionsattheCopenhagenconference.

D.Itsroughestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldleaders.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Howhumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangecanbereduced

B.Howrichcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimatehazards

C.Howemissionsofheattrappinggasescanbereducedonaglobalsale.

D.Howrichandpoorregionscanshareresponsibilityincurbingglobalwarming

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句，“Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum…”，可知全球人道主義論壇的一份報(bào)告顯示，全球變暖每年導(dǎo)致30多萬人死亡，造成大約1250億美元的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失?？膳袛喑鋈蛉说乐髁x論壇發(fā)現(xiàn)全球變暖導(dǎo)致疾病死亡率上升。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一二段主要提到了人道主義論壇報(bào)告的具體內(nèi)容，第三段提到了相關(guān)態(tài)度和評價(jià)。根據(jù)文章第三段，“…thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.”，可知這份報(bào)告招致了一些氣候和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)專家的批評，他們對報(bào)告的方法和結(jié)論提出了質(zhì)疑?？膳袛喑鲞@份報(bào)告受到了一些氣候和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)專家的質(zhì)疑。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第五段，“RogerPielkeJr….saidtheForum’sreportwas‘a(chǎn)methodologicalembarrassment…’”，可知皮爾克=表示，該論壇的報(bào)告存在“方法論的尷尬”?？膳袛喑鯠r.Pielke在方法論上是無效的。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第六段，“…sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.”，可知SorenAdreasen認(rèn)為這份報(bào)告的數(shù)據(jù)只是粗略估計(jì)，是針對世界各國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，他們將在于12月在哥本哈根舉行會議，就一項(xiàng)新的國際氣候條約進(jìn)行談判。可判斷出Adreasen認(rèn)為報(bào)告的粗略估計(jì)是為了引起世界領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的注意。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.”，可知Annan強(qiáng)調(diào)，談判需要把重點(diǎn)放在增加從富有地區(qū)流向貧困地區(qū)的資金問題上，以幫助他們降低面對氣候?yàn)?zāi)害的脆弱性，同時(shí)減少溫室氣體的排放?？膳袛喑鯧ofiAnnan認(rèn)為哥本哈根會議的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該放在富國如何才能更好地幫助貧困地區(qū)減少氣候?yàn)?zāi)害的問題上。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.單選題

Seventeenth-centuryhousesincolonialNorthAmericaweresimplestructuresthatwereprimarilyfunctionalcarryingovertraditionaldesignsthatwentbacktotheMiddleAges.Duringthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcentury,however,housesbegantoshowanewelegance.Aswealthincrease,moreandmorecolonistsbuiltfinehouse.

Sincearchitecturewasnotyetaspecializedprofessioninthecolonies,thedesignofbuildingswaslefteithertoamateurdesignersortocarpenterswhoundertooktointerpretarchitecturalmanualsimportedfromEngland.Inventoriesofcoloniallibrariesshowanastonishingnumberofthesehandbooksforbuilders,andthehouseserectedduringtheeighteenthcenturyshowtheirinfluence.Nevertheless,mostdomesticarchitectureofthefirstthree-quartersoftheeighteenthcenturydisplaysawidedivergenceoftasteandfreedomofapplicationoftheruleslaiddowninthesebooks.

Increasingwealthandgrowingsophisticationthroughoutthecoloniesresultedinhousesofimproveddesign,whetherthematerialwaswood,stone,orbrick.NewEnglandstillfavoredwood,thoughbrickhousesbecamecommoninBostonandothertowns,wherethedangeroffiregaveanimpetustotheuseofmoredurablematerial.AfewhousesinNewEnglandwerebuiltofstone,butonlyinPennsylvaniaandadjacentareaswasstonewidelyusedindwellings.AnincreaseduseofbrickinhousedandoutbuildingsisnoticeableinVirginiaandMaryland,butwoodremainedthatmostpopularmaterialeveninhousesbuiltbywealthylandowners.IntheCarolinas,evenincloselypackedCharleston,woodenhousesweremuchmorecommonthanbrickhouse.

Eighteenth-centuryhousesshowedgreatinteriorimprovementsovertheirpredecessors.Windowsweremadelargerandshuttersremoved.Large,clearpanesreplacedthesmallleadedglassoftheseventeenthcentury.Doorwayswerelargerandmoredecorative.Fireplacesbecamedecorativefeaturesofrooms.Wallsweremadofplasterorwood,sometimeselaboratelypaneled.Whitepaintbegantotaketheplaceofblues,yellows,greens,andleadcolors,whichhadbeenpopularforwallsintheearlieryears.Afterabout1730,advertisementsforwallpaperstylesinscenicpatternsbegantoappearincolonialnewspapers.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whatwasoneofthemainreasonsforthechangeinarchitecturalstyleineighteenth-centuryNorthAmerica?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whowasresponsiblefordesigninghousesineighteenth-centuryNorthAmerica?

4.Thepassageimpliesthattherulesoutlinedinarchitecturalmanualswere（

）.

5.Whatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheuseofwallpaperbefore1730?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theimproveddesignofeighteenth-centurycolonialhouses.

B.Acomparisonofeighteenth-centuryhousesandmodernhouses.

C.Thedecorationsusedineighteenth-centuryhouses.

D.Theroleofcarpentersinbuildingeighteenth-centuryhouses.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Morearchitectsarrivedinthecolonies.

B.Thecolonistsdevelopedaninterestinclassicalarchitecture.

C.Bricksweremorereadilyavailable.

D.Thecolonistshadmoremoneytospendonhousing.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Professionalarchitects

B.Customers

C.Interiordecorators

D.Carpenters

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.generallyignored

B.legallybinding

C.notstrictlyadheredto

D.onlyfollowedbyolderbuilders

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Wallpapersamplesappearedinthearchitecturalmanuals.

B.Wallpaperwasthesamecolorasthewallpaintsused.

C.Patternedwallpaperwasnotwidelyused.

D.Wallpaperwasnotusedinstonehouse.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。定位到文章第一段中第二句“Duringthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcentury,however,housesbegantoshowanewelegance.”這句轉(zhuǎn)折性的話語，提出了本文主要討論的問題是“18世紀(jì)殖民地房屋設(shè)計(jì)的改進(jìn)”。故正確答案選A。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段提到了北美房屋建筑在18世紀(jì)發(fā)生變化，根據(jù)第一段最后一句提到“Aswealthincrease,moreandmorecoloniesbuiltfinehouses隨著財(cái)富的增加，越來越多的殖民者建造比較精美的房屋”，由此可知，因?yàn)橹趁裾叩呢?cái)富增加，他們可以花更多的錢在建筑房屋上面，所以建筑風(fēng)格發(fā)生了一定的變化。故正確答案選D。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第二段第一句“Sincearchitecturewasnotyetaspecializedprofessioninthecolonies,thedesignofbuildingswaslefteithertoamateurdesignersortocarpenterswhoundertooktointerpretarchitecturalmanualsimportedfromEngland.由于建筑在殖民地還不是一項(xiàng)專門的職業(yè)，房屋設(shè)計(jì)或者由業(yè)余設(shè)計(jì)師來做，或者由那些承擔(dān)從英國進(jìn)口的建筑手冊的翻譯任務(wù)的木匠來做?！庇纱丝芍?，18世紀(jì)的房屋設(shè)計(jì)主要由木匠來負(fù)責(zé)。選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第二段最后一句話“Nevertheless,mostdomesticarchitectureofthefirstthree-quartersoftheeighteenthcenturydisplaysawidedivergenceoftasteandfreedomofapplicationoftheruleslaiddowninthesebooks.然而18世紀(jì)的70年代前大多數(shù)家庭建筑都展現(xiàn)了品味上廣泛的不同，以及這些書中的規(guī)則在運(yùn)用上的自由。”這里的“thesebooks”指的就是本段第一句中的“architecturalmanuals建筑手冊”，由此可知，這些建筑手冊上的記載的規(guī)則并沒有被嚴(yán)格遵守，而是自由地運(yùn)用。故正確答案選C。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第四段最后一句“Afterabout1730,advertisementsforwallpaperstylesinscenicpatternsbegantoappearincolonialnewspapers.大概在1730年后，殖民地報(bào)紙上開始出現(xiàn)風(fēng)景畫形式的壁紙風(fēng)格廣告”，由此推斷，在此之前，風(fēng)景畫式的壁紙還沒有廣泛使用。故正確答案選C。

9.單選題

TheHomesteadActof1862（）toacquirelandatasmallcost.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.madepossible

B.madeitpossible

C.madethepossibility

D.possiblymade

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定句式。Sb./sth.makeitpossibletodosth.是固定句式，表示某人/某事使……成為可能，即it為形式賓語，todo為真正賓語。因此B項(xiàng)正確。句意：1862年的《宅地法》使以小成本獲得土地成為可能。

10.單選題

TheQueen’svisittoChinawaslargely（

）.Butitendedanunhappychapterintherelationship.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.synthetic

B.representative

C.international

D.symbolic

【答案】D

【解析】句意:女王訪問中國在很大程度上是象征性的，但它卻導(dǎo)致雙方的關(guān)系出現(xiàn)了不愉快的篇章。

考查形容詞辨析。Synthetic合成的,人造的,綜合的;representative代表的,典型的;international國際的,世界性的;symbolic象征的。But表轉(zhuǎn)折,可知前后句子應(yīng)該為對比或相反,因此D符合句意。

11.單選題

WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarIIandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe"greatgame"ofespionage—spyingasa"profession".ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan'svocationaswell.

Thelatestrevolutionisn'tsimplyamatterofgentlemenreadingothergentlemen'se-mail.Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.Inthepastthreeorfouryears,theWorldWideWebhasgivenbirthtoawholeindustryofpoint-and-clickspying.Thespookscallit"open-sourceintelligence",andastheNetgrows,itisbecomingincreasinglyinfluential.In1995theCIAheldacontesttoseewhocouldcompilethemostdataaboutBurundi.Thewinner,byalargemargin,wasatinyVirginiacompanycalledOpenSourceSolutions,whoseclearadvantagewasits.merelyoftheelectronicworld.

AmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsplashinthisnewworldisStraitford,Inc.,aprivateintelligence-analysisfirmbasedinAustin,Texas.Straitfordmakesmoneybysellingtheresultsofspying（covering-nationsfromChiletoRussiA.tocorporationslikeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational.M.

StraitfordpresidentGeorgeFriedmansaysheseestheonlineworldasakindofmutuallyreinforcingtoolforbothinformationcollectionanddistribution,aspymaster'sdream.LastweekhisfirmwasbusyvacuumingupdatabitsfromthefarcornersoftheworldandpredictingacrisisinUkraine."Assoonasthatreportruns,we'llsuddenlyget500newInternetsign-upsfromUkraine,"saysFriedman,aformerpoliticalscienceprofessor."Andwe'llhearbackfromsomeofthem."Open-sourcespyingdoeshaveitsrisks,ofcourse,sinceitcanbedifficulttotellgoodinformationfrombad.That'swhereStraitfordearnsitskeep.Friedmanreliesonaleanstaffof20inAustin.Severalofhisstaffmembershavemilitary-intelligencebackgrounds.Heseesthefirm'soutsiderstatusasthekeytoitssuccess.Straitford'sbriefsdon'tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthing,wherebyagencieschancetheymightbewrong.Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.

1.TheemergenceoftheNethas（）.

2.ThetextmentionsDonovan'sstoryto（）.

3.Themostprobablemeaningof"makingthebiggestsplash"（Line1,Paragraph3）is（）.

4.Paragraph4suggeststhat（）.

5.Straitfordismostproudofits（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.receivedsupportfromfanslikeDonovan

B.remoldedtheintelligenceservices

C.restoredmanycommonpastimes

D.revivedspyingasaprofession

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.honorhisuniqueservicestotheCIA

B.showhowhefoughtfortheUS

C.giveanepisodeoftheinformationwar

D.introducethetopicofonlinespying

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.causingthebiggesttrouble

B.exertingthegreatesteffort

C.achievingthegreatestsuccess

D.enjoyingthewidestpopularity

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Straitfordisabletoprovidefairlyreliableinformation

B.Straitfordguaranteesthetruthfulnessofitsinformation

C.Straitford'sbusinessischaracterizedbyunpredictability

D.Straitford'spredictionaboutUkrainehasprovedtrue

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.officialstatus

B.efficientstaff

C.nonconformistimage

D.militarybackground

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由原文第一段最后一句“ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan'svocationaswell.”可知，網(wǎng)絡(luò)已經(jīng)改變了購書和寄信等日常消遣方式，也正在重塑多諾萬的職業(yè)。而有上文可知，多諾萬早前從事的是情報(bào)工作，所以網(wǎng)絡(luò)的出現(xiàn)重塑了情報(bào)工作。因此，本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷題。文章的開始通過介紹多諾萬的故事引入了話題“網(wǎng)絡(luò)的出現(xiàn)重塑了情報(bào)工作”。之后又介紹了網(wǎng)絡(luò)對于信息搜集和分享的影響，由此可以判斷作者提到多諾萬的故事就是為了引入話題。故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)“引入網(wǎng)上間諜的話題”。

3.詞匯題。通過上下文語境以及句意可知，這家公司在情報(bào)分析領(lǐng)域名聲大噪，取得了巨大成功。因此C選項(xiàng)含義與“makingthebiggestsplash”含義最為接近，都表示取得了很大成功，因此本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。由原文第四段可知，網(wǎng)絡(luò)是一種信息收集和發(fā)布相互強(qiáng)化的工具。公司可以從世界的角落收集數(shù)據(jù)，而在發(fā)布相關(guān)報(bào)告后，又會有人予以回復(fù)，反饋?zhàn)钚虑闆r，所以由此可知，網(wǎng)絡(luò)的存在使得Straiford公司能夠提供可靠有可信度的信息。因此本文正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由原文最后一句“Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.”可知，斯特雷福德為自己的獨(dú)立聲音感到自豪。說明斯特雷福德公司敢于發(fā)聲，不落俗套，從不墨守成規(guī)。因此本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

12.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Overthelast25years,Britishsocietyhaschangedagreatdeal—oratleastmanypartsofithave.Insomeways,however,verylittlehaschanged,particularlywhereattitudesareconcerned.Ideasaboutsocialclass—whetherapersonis“working-class”or“middle-class”—areoneareainwhichchangeshavebeenextremelyslow.

Inthepast,theworking-classtendedtobepaidlessthanmiddle-classpeople,suchasteachersanddoctors.Asaresultofthisandalsoofthefactthatworkers’jobsweregenerallymuchlesssecure,distinctdifferencesinlife-stylesandattitudescameintoexistence.ThetypicalworkingmanwouldcollecthiswagesonFridayeveningandthen,itwaswidelybelieved,havinggivenhiswifeher“housekeeping”,wouldgooutandsquandertherestonbeerandbetting.

Thestereotypeofwhatamiddle-classmandidwithhismoneywasperhapsnearerthetruth.Hewas—andstillis—inclinedtotakealonger-termview.Notonlydidheregardbuyingahousebutalsotheseprovidedhimandhisfamilywithsecurity.Onlyinveryfewcasesdidworkershavetheopportunity(ortheeducationandtraining)tomakesuchlong-termplans.

Nowadays,agreatdealhaschanged.Inalargenumberofcasesfactoryworkersearnasmuch,ifnotmore,thantheirmiddle-classsupervisors.Socialsecurityandlawstoimprovecentury,havemadeitlessnecessarythanbeforetoworryabouttomorrow.Working-classpeopleseemslowlytobelosingthefeelingofinferioritytheyhadinthepast.Infacttherehasbeenagrowingtendencyinthepastfewyearsforthemiddle-classestofeelslightlyashamedoftheirposition.

Thechangesinbothlife-stylesandattitudesareprobablymosteasilyseenamongstyoungerpeople.Theygenerallytendtoshareverysimilartastesinmusicandclothes,theyspendtheirmoneyinhavingagoodtime,andsaveforholidaysorlonger-termplanswhennecessary.Thereseemstobemuchlessdifferencethaninpreviousgenerations.Nevertheless,westillhaveawidegapbetweenthewell-paid(wha