考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山西林業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山西林業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

IntheUnitedStateofAmericahouseshavechangedassocialcustomschanged.Atfirst,AmericanhousesfollowedthepatternsbroughtfromEuropebytheearlyimmigrants,but,sincetimberwasthemosteasilyobtainedmaterial,boardedwallsandshingleroofslargelyreplacedbricksandtiles.Lately,differentregionshaveevolvedtheirownmethodsofhousebuildingtosuitlocalconditions;forinstance,alowramblinghousewithwidelyspreadingeaves,istypicalofthePacificcoast.Inaddition,theplanofthehousehasbeguntochangeastheAmericanwayoflifehasdivergedmoreandmorefromtheEuropean.Housesarelessformal,androomsmergeoneintotheother,providingmorespaceforgeneralfamilylifeandfewerroomsforspecialpurposes.

【答案】在美國(guó)，房屋隨著社會(huì)習(xí)俗的改變而改變。起初，美國(guó)的房屋仿效早期移民從歐洲帶來(lái)的模式。但由于木材是最容易獲得的材料，木板墻和木瓦屋頂大量取代了磚塊和瓦。最近，不同的地區(qū)發(fā)展出了適合當(dāng)?shù)貤l件的房屋建造方法；例如，布局凌亂的低矮房子有著散開的屋檐，是典型的太平洋海岸建筑。此外，隨著美國(guó)人的生活方式越來(lái)越不同于歐洲人，住宅的規(guī)劃也開始改變。住宅不那么正式，房間相互融合，為一般家庭生活提供了更多的空間，特殊用途的空間也變少了。

2.單選題

Sinceitwaslastsubstantiallyreformed30yearsago,theU.S.PostalServicehasusuallyturnedaprofit:itsgovernment-mandatedmonopolyisonereason.Butsizeisanother.WhenU.S.postageratesareincreasedbyasinglepenny,another$1billonpoursintotheUSPS.Thismonopolyhasplentyofaddedbonuses.Lettercarriersreceivefederalbenefitsanddon’thavetopayparkingtickets.Theservicepaysnosalesorpropertytaxes,nolicensefeesforitsmailtrucks.Thepostalservicealsoplanstoincreasethecostofmailingmagazines15%,amovethathasraisedtheangerofmagazinepublishers.

Thereisnoshortageofcritics.Newspaperheadlinebemoanthe“PostalDisservice”andcryforprivatization.Oklahomalegislatorshavepassedaresolutionchallengingtheservice'stax-exemptstatus.FederalstudieschargetheUSPSwitheverythingfrommismanagementtomisappropriation.Accordingtothefederallimes,thepostoffice’sInternationalBusinessUnitwasgivenfundingandastaffof200tocreateanextensivegloballogisticsnetworkthatwassupposedtogenerate$10billioninrevenueby2005.Theprograms,knownasGlobalPriorityMailandGlobalPackageLink,flopped.YetanotherauditfoundthattheUSPSlossesmorethan$1billonayearbynotcollectinginternationaldutiesonpackages.Perhapsworstofall,CNFTransportation,whichownsEmeiyWorldwide,issuingthepostofficefornotpayingitsbillsonanoverseas-deliveryjointventure.

Newalliances-liketheonewithFedEx-maybetheUSPS’sbestchanceforsurvivalinadigitalworld,wheresuccessislessaboutdeliveringenvelopesthanaboutoptimizingnetworksandmanaginginformation.

Ultimately,however,therealbeneficiaryofaUSPS-FedExalliancewillbetheMemphis-basedpowerhouse.Besidesgainingaccesstothat“l(fā)astmile”tosomeone'smailbox,FedExcouldleveragethearrangementbyplantingdrop-offboxesinpost-officelobbies.Evenifgovernmentregulatorslimitthecombinationonantitrustgrounds,FedExissteamingaheadwithotherjointventures,includingadealwiththeFrenchpostalagencyLaPoste.FredSmithhasalreadyprovedFedEx'sglobalstrength.Mostanalystsseehisdomesticstrategyasacleverwaytopositionhis29-year-oldcompanyforwhatmanybelievewillbetheUSPS’inevitabledissolution.

Unlessitundergoesradicalreformsoon,theU.S.PostalService'sdaysareprobablynumbered.Evenitsprimarymarket,firstclassmail,isexpectedtoshrink27%overthenextdecade,representingthelossofanadditional$17billioninrevenues.AndsomeanalystswarnthatdealswithprivatecarrierswillsimplyundercutUSPSassets,leavingitwithlittlemorethanitsmostrural-andleastprofitable-routestoserve.

PostmasterGeneralHendersonresistseventhesuggestionthatPostalServicecoulddisappearandhasvowedtoshakeuphismassiveorganization.YetintestimonytoCongresslastmonth,heseemedresignedtoafatethatisuncertainatbest.Ashearguedforsupportofthepostalreformbillthathaslanguishedincommitteeformanyyears,theUSPSveteranfellbackonasentimentalplea.Hecitedstatisticsshowingthat66%ofallAmericanbelievethemailisourmostprivateandsecurefromofcommunication.“Thesefindingsareatestimonytotheenduringstrengthanduniquepowerofthemail,”saidHenderson.“Peoplelookforwardtothemail,andwhenitarrives,theygiveittheirundividedattention.”

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementisthecorrectreasonwhyUSPSiscriticized?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

3.TherealchanceforthesurvivaloftheUSPSinthepresentdigitalworldis（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,therealbeneficiaryofaUSPS-FedExallianceis（）.

5.Whatisthecorrectmeaningtotheworld“l(fā)anguish”inthelastparagraphofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thegovernment-mandatedmonopolyoftheUSPS.

B.Thetax-exemptstatusoftheUSPS.

C.ThemisuseoffundsoftheUSPSwhichcausesgreatlossesforthegovernment

D.Allofabove.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Newprograms,likeGlobalPriorityandGlobalPackageLinkmakeprofitsforUSPSaswell.

B.Thegovernment-mandatedmonopolygivesUSPSmanyopportunitiestoearnmoney.

C.TheavoidingofpayingtaxesisanotherwaythatUSPSusestoincreaseitsprofit.

D.ThebigsizeisonereasonthatUSPSmakesprofitsinthelast30years.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.newalliance

B.thedealwithforeignpostalagencyLaPoste

C.thesupportofthepostal-reformbill

D.radicalreform

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.USPS

B.Memphis

C.FedEx

D.otherjointventures

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.plea

B.support

C.decay

D.suggest

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“下列哪些陳述是USPS受到指責(zé)的正確原因？”文章第二段提到報(bào)紙頭條嘆息USPS在郵政上幫倒忙并呼吁私有化（Newspaperheadlinebemoanthe“PostalDisservice”andcryforprivatization），由此可知選項(xiàng)A是其中之一，排除；第二段提到俄克拉荷馬州的立法者通過(guò)了一項(xiàng)決議，決定改變郵政服務(wù)的免稅狀態(tài)（Oklahomalegislatorshavepassedaresolutionchallengingtheservice’stax-exemptstatus），由此可知選項(xiàng)B是受指責(zé)的原因之一；第二段倒數(shù)第二句話提到USPS投資的全球化優(yōu)先郵件和全球包裹鏈公司的失敗可知選項(xiàng)C是受指責(zé)的原因之一。綜上，選項(xiàng)D“全部都是”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“根據(jù)文章，下列哪個(gè)陳述是不正確的？”文章第一段前兩句提到自從30年前最后一次實(shí)質(zhì)性的改革以來(lái)，美國(guó)郵政服務(wù)通常都是盈利的：其中一個(gè)原因是政府強(qiáng)制的壟斷；另一個(gè)原因是規(guī)模（Sinceitwaslastsubstantiallyreformed30yearsago,theU.S.PostalServicehasusuallyturnedaprofit:itsgovernment-mandatedmonopolyisonereason.Butsizeisanother.），因此選項(xiàng)B與D表述是正確的，排除；文章第一段提到“這種壟斷有很多額外的好處。郵遞員可以銷售聯(lián)邦不利，而且不需要支付停車費(fèi)。這項(xiàng)服務(wù)不需要支付銷售或者資產(chǎn)稅，也不需要為其有車支付許可證費(fèi)用”（Thismonopolyhasplentyofaddedbonuses.Lettercarriersreceivefederalbenefitsanddon’thavetopayparkingtickets.Theservicepaysnosalesorpropertytaxes,nolicensefeesforitsmailtrucks.），由此可知選項(xiàng)C“避稅是USPS增加利潤(rùn)的另一種方式”表述正確。綜上，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“USPS在當(dāng)今數(shù)字世界中生存的真正機(jī)會(huì)是……”。文章第五段第一句話提到“除非進(jìn)行徹底的改革，否則美國(guó)郵政服務(wù)的日子可能快到頭了”（Unlessitundergoesradicalreformsoon,theU.S.PostalService'sdaysareprobablynumbered），由此可知選項(xiàng)D“徹底的改變”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“在作者看來(lái)，USPS與FedEx的聯(lián)合真正受惠者是……”。文章第四段第二句話提到“除了真正實(shí)現(xiàn)至某人郵箱‘最后一英里’，聯(lián)邦快遞公司可以通過(guò)在郵局大廳設(shè)立了投遞箱來(lái)合理安排”，由此可知真正受惠的是FedEx公司，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.詞義題。題目問(wèn)的是“文章最后一段languish這個(gè)單詞的意思是什么？”該詞出現(xiàn)在句子Ashearguedforsupportofthepostalreformbillthathaslanguishedincommitteeformanyyears,theUSPSveteranfellbackonasentimentalplea，根據(jù)句子中support與plea可以排除選項(xiàng)B與C；suggest前要有執(zhí)行主語(yǔ)，顯然將其代入句子中缺少執(zhí)行主語(yǔ)，因此只有選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.單選題

Themanagingdirectortookthe（

）fortheaccident,althoughitwasnotreallyhisfault.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.guilt

B.charge

C.blame

D.accusation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。guilt意為“有罪，犯罪行為”；charge意為“收費(fèi)，指控”；blame意為“(壞事或錯(cuò)事的)責(zé)任，責(zé)備”，taketheblamefor意為“承擔(dān)……的責(zé)任”；accusation意為“指責(zé)，譴責(zé)”。

句意：總經(jīng)理承擔(dān)了事故的責(zé)任，盡管并不真的是他的錯(cuò)。

4.單選題

Asystemofstrictdisciplinehasa(n)（

）effectonconduct.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.automatic

B.deliberate

C.customary

D.beneficial

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。automatic“自動(dòng)的，必然的”；deliberate“故意的”；customary“通常的，習(xí)慣的”；beneficial“有益的，有利的”。句意：嚴(yán)格的紀(jì)律制度對(duì)行為的影響是有益的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.單選題

It（）methatthemanwasnottellingthetruth.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.effects

B.pokes

C.hits

D.stirs

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。effect“造成，產(chǎn)生，招致”；poke“戳，刺”；hit“打，打擊，擊中”；stir“攪拌，攪動(dòng)”。句意：那讓我覺得那個(gè)男人沒(méi)有說(shuō)實(shí)話。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

Smokingissoharmfultopersonalhealththatitkillspeopleeachyear（）thanautomobileaccidents.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sevenmoretimes

B.overseventimes

C.seventimesmore

D.seventimes

【答案】C

【解析】考查倍數(shù)的表達(dá)。由句意可知，吸煙對(duì)個(gè)人健康的危害如此之大，每年導(dǎo)致的死亡人數(shù)是汽車事故的7倍。而倍數(shù)的常用表達(dá)形式為：A+倍數(shù)+形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)+than+B，由此可知，本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

7.單選題

Youmayhaveseenthiswhenyoutriedtoopenanewbankorcreditcardaccountandyouwerepresentedwithsomemultiplechoicequestionsaskingyoutoverifywhereyougotyour（

）orcarloan.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.complication

B.revenue

C.mortgage

D.chasm

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)complication“并發(fā)癥；混亂；復(fù)雜化”；B選項(xiàng)revenue“稅收收入；收益”；C選項(xiàng)mortgage“抵押；按揭”；D選項(xiàng)chasm“峽谷；分歧”。句意：當(dāng)你嘗試開立一個(gè)新的銀行或信用卡賬戶時(shí)，你可能已經(jīng)看到了這一點(diǎn)。你會(huì)被問(wèn)到一些選擇題，要求核實(shí)你的汽車貸款或……是從哪里來(lái)的。C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.翻譯題

從某種意義上講，現(xiàn)代生活方式使人們彼此疏遠(yuǎn)，人與人之間僅存在一種有限責(zé)任。事實(shí)上，只要我們彼此履行了各自的有限責(zé)任，至于他人干什么，想什么，我們根本不在乎。人們不會(huì)再為朋友兩肋插刀，一生一世的朋友也不復(fù)存在，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)代社會(huì)的朋友關(guān)系是建立在共同利益的基礎(chǔ)上，當(dāng)利害關(guān)系改變時(shí)，朋友關(guān)系也定會(huì)改變，在一個(gè)正在經(jīng)受著歷史巨變的社會(huì)中，人的利害關(guān)系如果不瞬息萬(wàn)變，那才是怪事呢。

【答案】參考譯文：

Inasense,themodernwayoflifealienatespeoplefromeachother,andthereisonlyalimitedliabilitybetweenpeople.Infact,aslongaswefulfillourlimitedresponsibilitiesrespectively,wewillnotkeepinmindwhatsomeoneelsehasdoneorthought.Thewillingnesstodedicatelivestofriendsandthefriendshipthroughthelifetimearenolongerinexistence,becausethefriendshipsinmodernsocietyaresetuponthebasicofcommonbenefits.Withthetransformationofinterests,friendshipwillbeboundtochange.Inasocietywhichisundergoinganenormoushistoricalchange,itisnotsurprisingtofindtheever-changingbenefitbasedrelationshipbetweenpeople.

9.單選題

Suddenlythedailyfearanduncertainty（）intofull-scaleterror,andtheshipechoedwithscreams.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.evaporated

B.escalated

C.evacuated

D.exaggerated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。evaporate“蒸發(fā)，使脫水”；escalate“升級(jí)”；evacuate”疏散，撤出”；exaggerate“夸張，夸大”。句意：突然，平時(shí)的恐懼和不確定性升級(jí)為徹底的恐懼，船上回響著尖叫聲。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.翻譯題

僅僅傳授專業(yè)知識(shí)是不夠的。通過(guò)專業(yè)教育可以使人成為一種有用的機(jī)器，卻不能成為一個(gè)全面發(fā)展的人。讓學(xué)生對(duì)價(jià)值理念有所理解并產(chǎn)生熱情，是不可或缺的。否則，他——連同他的專業(yè)知識(shí)——就更像一條受過(guò)良好訓(xùn)練的狗，而非一個(gè)和諧發(fā)展的人。他必須通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)了解人們的動(dòng)機(jī)、幻想和苦難，以便正確處理同他人和社會(huì)的關(guān)系。

【答案】【參考譯文】Onlytoimpartprofessionalknowledgeisnotenough.Professionaleducationcanmakehumanbeingbecomeakindofusefulmachine,butcan’tmakehimapersonofcomprehensivedevelopment.Itisabsolutelynecessaryforlettingstudentshavesomeunderstandingoftheconceptofvalueandgenerateenthusiasm.Otherwise,he,togetherwithhisspecializedknowledge,willmoreresembleawell-traineddogratherthanapersonofharmoniousdevelopment.Hemustlearntounderstandpeople’smotivation,fantasyandmiserysoastocorrectlyhandlingtherelationshipwithotherpeopleandthesociety.

11.單選題

Itisironicthatthe______insightsofthegreatthinkersarevoicedsooftenthattheyhavebecomemere______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.original...cliches

B.banal...beliefs

C.dubious...habits

D.philosophical...questions

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞和名詞詞義辨析。original“原始的，最初的”；banal“陳腐的，平庸的”；dubious“可疑的，曖昧的”；philosophical“哲學(xué)的，冷靜的”。cliches“陳詞濫調(diào)”；belief“信仰”；habit“習(xí)慣”；question“問(wèn)題”。句意：諷刺的是，這些偉大思想家最初的真知灼見經(jīng)常被提及，以至于他們只不過(guò)變成了一些陳詞濫調(diào)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

12.單選題

Whilewatchingtelevision____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thetelephonerang

B.weheardthetelephonering

C.weheardthetelephonerang

D.thetelephonewasrung

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.thetelephonerang電話響了B.weheardthetelephonering我們聽見電話響了

C.weheardthetelephonerang我們聽見電話響了D.thetelephonewasrung電話被響

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

【解題思路】由前文現(xiàn)在分詞形式的非謂語(yǔ)watchingtelevision可知，該句主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是主動(dòng)看電視的，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是人——we“我們”；hear后面接賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為do/doing，hearsbdo“聽見某人做某事的全過(guò)程”，hearsbdoing“聽見某人做某事”，該語(yǔ)境中，聽見電話響，電話響是非常短的一個(gè)過(guò)程，原句表達(dá)的應(yīng)該是聽見電話響了，而不是聽見電話正在響，更何況，選項(xiàng)中也沒(méi)有現(xiàn)在分詞形式。因此，B選項(xiàng)weheardthetelephonering“我們聽見電話響了”形式正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)thetelephonerang，主語(yǔ)不對(duì)；

C選項(xiàng)weheardthetelephonerang，rang的形式不對(duì)；

D選項(xiàng)thetelephonewasrung；主語(yǔ)不對(duì)。

【句意】我們?cè)诳措娨晻r(shí)聽到電話鈴響了。

13.單選題

Atourhouse,nobodygetsmoremailthanJake:catalogs,coupons,andofferstosubscribetomagazines.Heisalsourgedtodonatetoworthcausesandtakeadvantageofsomeprettyincrediblecredit-cardoffers.

Heignoresallofthem.Whatdotheyexpect?He’sadog.

ItallstartedwhenIusedJake’snameasanaliasontheInternet,inanattempttoprotectwhat’sleftofmyprivacy.BeforeIknewit,junkwasporingin,provingonceagainthatthesedayseverymoveyoumakeonlinecanbe,oftenis,carefullywatchedandrecordedbypeoplewhodon’tknowyoufromyourdog—everyonefromadandinsuranceagenciestononprofitgroupsandeventhedreadedtelemarketers.Andlet’snotforgetthemore,shallwesay,unscrupulouscharacters.

We’veallheardhorrorstoriesaboutpeoplewhoseidentities,intheformofcreditcardorSocialSecuritynumbers,wereassumedbycrooks.Identitytheftisoneofthefastest-growingcrimesaround.

Evenifyouneverbuyanythingonline,yourprivacycanbecompromisedbyWeb“cookies”.AcookieisasmallfilethataWebsitestoresonyourcomputercontaininginformationitcanuseto“recognize”youifyoureturntothatsite.

Mostcookiesposelittlerisktoprivacyontheirown.Theproblemcomeswhenothersgetholdofyourcookies.Inahighlypublicizedcaseearlierthisyear.DoubleclickInc.Plannedtocross-referenceconsumercookiedatawithinformationfromamarketingdatabase,suchasname,addressandcreditcard-purchasehistory.Seenasanunethicalviolationof

consumers’privacy,alawsuitfollowed.Doubleclickgaveuptheplan,fornow.

Inthemeantime,otherthreatstoyourcyberprivacystillexist.Example;Anyonewhoknowwheretolookcanbuystolencreditcardnumbersinchatrooms,andspendsupeverypennyonyourcardinminutes.

Inthistechnology-drivenworld,yournewbestfriendmaybeadifferentkindofanimal:PrivacyEnhancingTechnologies,whichletyoucompleteelectronictransactionsanonymously.TheAnonymizer()offersanonymoussurfing.Anonymouspaymentmechanismssuchaselectroniccash()letyoushoponlinewithoutacreditcard.AndyoucandownloadfreesoftwaresuchastheInternetJunkbustertofilteroutmostcookiesbeforetheytouchyourcomputer.

Still,asnewtechnologiesbringoutthecreativityincrooks,yourbestbetmaybeplainold-lash-ionedvigilance.Keeptrackofeachpenny,balanceyourcheckbookandfollowupondiscrepanciesinyourstatementsimmediately.Howevermuchtheworldchanges,itstillpaystobeyourownwatchdog.

1.TheauthorusedanaliasontheInternetinorderto（

）.

2.“We’vealheardhorrorstoriesaboutpeoplewhoseidentities,intheformofcreditcardorSocialSecuritynumbers,wereassumedbycrooks.”(Para.4)Theword“assume”means（

）

3.Cookiespostgreatthreattoyourprivacywhen（

）.

4.ThePETscanenhanceyourprivacyby（

）.

5.Toprotectyourselfonline,you’dbetter（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attractmoremails

B.ignorethejunk

C.concealhisidentity

D.protectthedog

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.suppose

B.feign

C.undertake

D.copy

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theycontainyourinformation

B.theyenteryourpersonalcomputer

C.yourcookiescarryviruses

D.yourcookiesaregotandusedbyothers

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.enablingyoutodoonlinebusinesswithoutexposingyouridentity

B.allowingyoutopaywithoutelectroniccash

C.lettingyoudownloadsoftwarefreeofcharge

D.makingyousurfingthenetwithanalias

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.catchupwithnewtechnologies

B.dependonmorepowerfulprotectivesoftware

C.keepinconstanttouchwiththeonlineserviceproviders

D.stayvigilanttoyouronlineaccounts

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。在第三段提出“inanattempttoprotectwhat’sleftofmyprivacy”說(shuō)明作者是為了隱藏他的身份。

2.詞義題。句意:我們總是聽說(shuō)人們的身份，被騙子以信用卡或者社會(huì)保障的號(hào)碼的形式冒名頂替使用。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。第六段指出:當(dāng)別人持有你的cookie的時(shí)候，問(wèn)題就出來(lái)了

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。根據(jù)題干定位至倒數(shù)第二段:PrivacyEnhancingTechnologies,whichletyoucompleteelectronictransactionsanonymously(PET能讓你匿名完成電子交易)。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。最后一段給出建議:yourbestbetmaybeplainold-lash-ionedvigilance(你最好的辦法就是保持警惕)。

14.單選題

Astheeconomygrew,anincreasingsenseofsamenessprevailedinAmericansociety.Thiswasthegreatageofconformity,whenmembersofallsocialgroupslearnedtoimitatethosearoundthemratherthanstrikeoutontheirown.Third-and-fourth-generationethnicAmericansbecamemuchmorealike.Withimmigrationslowedtoatrickleafter1924,andtiestoEuropeweakened,assimilationoccurred.Televisioncontributedtogrowingconformitybyprovidingyoungandoldwithcommon,sharedvisuallyattractiveexperience.Escapingtheassimilatingtendencieswasdifficult.SociologistDavidRiesmanpointedoutthatintheclassicnurseryrhyme“ThisLittlePigWenttoMarket,”eachpigwenthisownway.“Today,however,alllittlepigsgotomarket;nonestayhome;allhaveroastbeef,ifanydo;andallsay‘we-we.’”

Thewillingnesstoconformtogroupnormsaffectedcollegesanduniversities,wherecautiousstudentssoughtsecurity.Theyjoinedfraternitiesandsororitiesandengagedinpantyraidsandotherpranks,buttooklittleinterestinworldaffairs.“Iobserve,”YalepresidentA.WhitneyGriswoldtoldagraduatingclassin1950,“thatyousharetheprevailingmoodofthehour,whichinyourcaseconsistsofbargainsprivatelymadewithfate—onfate’sterms.”

Americansinthepostwaryearsdiscoveredasharedreligioussenseandreturnedtotheirchurchesinrecordnumbers.Churchmembershipdoubledbetween1945and1970.Inpart,churchattendancereflectedadesiretochallenge“godlesscommunism”attheheightoftheColdWarandtofindsomerelieffromthethreatofanuclearwar;inpart,itresultedfromthepowerofsuggestionthatledAmericanstodowhatothersdid.Religionalsoseemedtoreinforcetheimportanceoffamilylife.Asonesloganputit,“Thefamilythatpraystogetherstaystogether.”Moreover,religionbecameincreasinglyappealing.EvangelistBillyGraham,oftenintroducedas“amanwithGod’smessageforthesecrisisdays,”preachedtomillionsathisrevivals.Hecapitalizedonthemedia,usingradio,television,andfilmtospreadhismessage.Bytheendofthe1950s,fully95percentofallAmericansidentifiedwithsomereligiousdenomination.

46.Accordingtothecontext,wecanguessthat“thegreatageofconformity”roughlymeanstheerawhen______.

47.SociologistDavidRiesman’sremarksrevealed______.

48.WhatYalepresidentsaidshowsthatcollegestudents______.

49.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,largechurchattendanceseemstohavetodowithallofthefollowingexcept______.

50.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.peoplefromallwalksoflifetooklittleinterestinworldaffairs

B.allsocialmemberstendedtoactthewayothersdid

C.theyoungandtheoldlearnedtonarrowtheirdifferencesandtolerateeachother

D.religionplayedanimportantroleinreinforcingtheimportanceoffamilylife

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thechangeinthedietofAmericans

B.differencesinAmericans’opinionsonnurseryeducation

C.theeffectsofeconomicgrowthonAmerican’habitsandcustoms

D.theprevailingtrendtowardsassimilationinAmericansociety

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.gaveupstrugglingforabetterfuture

B.werestrugglinghardforabetterfuture

C.wereonlyinterestedinstudents’organizations

D.werefavoredbyfate

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Americans’keenerawarenessoftheimportanceoffamilylife

B.theever-growingattractionofreligionforAmericans

C.Americans’resolvetogivefullsupporttotheColdWar

D.thegraveinternationalsituationofthetime

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.America:ADifferentSocietyfromthePast

B.SpreadofReligioninPostwarYears

C.Religion:AnImportantAspectofAmericanLife

D.ConformityinAmericanSociety

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】46.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

46.Accordingtothecontext,wecanguessthat“thegreatageofconformity”roughlymeanstheerawhen______.46.根據(jù)上下文，我們可以猜測(cè)“從眾的大時(shí)代”大致上指的是______時(shí)代。

A.peoplefromallwalksoflifetooklittleinterestinworldaffairsA.各行各業(yè)的人對(duì)世界事務(wù)不感興趣

B.allsocialmemberstendedtoactthewayothersdidB.所有社會(huì)成員都傾向于模仿他人的行為方式

C.theyoungandtheoldlearnedtonarrowtheirdifferencesandtolerateeachotherC.年輕人和老年人學(xué)會(huì)了縮小他們的差異并互相容忍

D.religionplayedanimportantroleinreinforcingtheimportanceoffamilylifeD.宗教在加強(qiáng)家庭生活重要性方面發(fā)揮了重要作用

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)thegreatageofconformity定位至第一段第二句“這是一個(gè)從眾的大時(shí)代（thegreatageofconformity），所有社會(huì)群體的成員都學(xué)會(huì)了模仿他們周圍的人，而不是開創(chuàng)屬于自己的想法（imitatethosearoundthemratherthanstrikeoutontheirown）”，理解可知，thegreatageofconformity（從眾的大時(shí)代）就是所有社會(huì)群體成員模仿他人行為的時(shí)代。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

C選項(xiàng)“年輕人和老年人學(xué)會(huì)了縮小他們的差異并互相容忍”沒(méi)提到，無(wú)中生有；

A選項(xiàng)“各行各業(yè)的人對(duì)世界事務(wù)不感興趣”和D選項(xiàng)“宗教在加強(qiáng)家庭生活重要性方面發(fā)揮了重要作用”與題干無(wú)關(guān)，張冠李戴。

47.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

47.SociologistDavidRiesman’sremarksrevealed______.47.社會(huì)學(xué)家大衛(wèi)?里斯曼的評(píng)論揭示了______。

A.thechangeinthedietofAmericansA.美國(guó)人飲食的變化

B.differencesinAmericans’opinionsonnurseryeducationB.美國(guó)人對(duì)幼兒園教育的看法不同

C.theeffectsofeconomicgrowthonAmerican’habitsandcustomsC.經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)對(duì)美國(guó)人生活習(xí)慣的影響

D.theprevailingtrendtowardsassimilationinAmericansocietyD.美國(guó)社會(huì)同化的流行趨勢(shì)

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位到第一段最后一句“社會(huì)學(xué)家DavidRiesman指出，在經(jīng)典的童謠《這只小豬去市場(chǎng)》中，每只豬都走自己的路；然而，今天所有的（all）小豬都去市場(chǎng)了，沒(méi)有一個(gè)待在家里；如果有的話，他們都（all）吃烤牛肉，都（all）說(shuō)‘we-we’?！?，其中多次使用了all一詞，結(jié)合上文提到的同化傾向，社會(huì)學(xué)家大衛(wèi)?里斯曼的評(píng)論揭示了美國(guó)當(dāng)今越來(lái)越盛行的同化趨勢(shì)。故該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)人飲食的變化”和B選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)人對(duì)幼兒園教育的看法不同”表述曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)對(duì)美國(guó)人生活習(xí)慣的影響”中的“生活習(xí)慣”太片面，以偏概全。

48.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

48.WhatYalepresidentsaidshowsthatcollegestudents______.48.耶魯大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)所說(shuō)的表明大學(xué)生______。

A.gaveupstrugglingforabetterfutureA.放棄了為美好的未來(lái)奮斗

B.werestrugglinghardforabetterfutureB.是在為一個(gè)更好的未來(lái)而奮斗

C.wereonlyinterestedinstudents’organizationsC.只對(duì)學(xué)生組織感興趣

D.werefavoredbyfateD.被命運(yùn)所眷顧

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先定位到第二段最后一句關(guān)于耶魯大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)所說(shuō)的話“我注意到，你當(dāng)時(shí)有同樣的主導(dǎo)情緒（prevailingmood），就你而言，這是在命運(yùn)的條件下與命運(yùn)私下達(dá)成的交易”，prevailingmood指的是上文“謹(jǐn)慎的學(xué)生為了尋求安全感而參與各種惡作劇”，其中提到了buttooklittleinterestinworldaffairs（但是對(duì)世界事務(wù)不感興趣）；綜合理解可知，耶魯大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)說(shuō)這一句話是表明大學(xué)生放棄了為美好未來(lái)生活的奮斗。故該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“是在為一個(gè)更好的未來(lái)而奮斗”與原文相反，反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“只對(duì)學(xué)生組織感興趣”表述與原文不符，文中雖然提到學(xué)生會(huì)參加一些學(xué)生組織，但這是因?yàn)樗麄兿胍獙で蟀踩校皇歉信d趣，該項(xiàng)曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“被命運(yùn)所眷顧”沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)，無(wú)中生有。

49.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

49.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,largechurchattendanceseemstohavetodowithallofthefollowingexcept______.49.根據(jù)第三段，大量的出席教會(huì)似乎與下列事情有關(guān)，除了______。

A.Americans’keenerawarenessoftheimportanceoffamilylifeA.美國(guó)人更加意識(shí)到家庭生活的重要性

B.theever-growingattractionofreligionforAmericansB.宗教對(duì)美國(guó)人日益增長(zhǎng)的吸引力

C.Americans’resolvetogivefullsupporttotheColdWarC.美國(guó)全力支持冷戰(zhàn)的決心

D.thegraveinternationalsituationofthetimeD.當(dāng)時(shí)嚴(yán)峻的國(guó)際形勢(shì)

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位至文章第三段，第三句提到“在某種程度上，去教堂做禮拜反映了一種渴望，即在冷戰(zhàn)高峰時(shí)期挑戰(zhàn)‘無(wú)神論的共產(chǎn)主義’（challenge‘godlesscommunism’），并從核戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的威脅中尋求某種解脫”，從challenge“godlesscommunism”（挑戰(zhàn)“無(wú)神論的共產(chǎn)主義”）可以看出，當(dāng)時(shí)美國(guó)參與教會(huì)部分原因是挑戰(zhàn)蘇聯(lián)的無(wú)神論共產(chǎn)主義，所以C項(xiàng)與原文相反。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)人更加意識(shí)到家庭生活的重要性”定位第三段第四句“宗教似乎也加強(qiáng)了家庭生活的重要性（reinforcetheimportanceoffamilylife）”，可知該項(xiàng)與原文相符；

B選項(xiàng)“宗教對(duì)美國(guó)人日益增長(zhǎng)的吸引力”定位第六句“此外，宗教變得越來(lái)越有吸引力（increasinglyappealing）”，可知該項(xiàng)與原文相符；

D選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)時(shí)嚴(yán)峻的國(guó)際形勢(shì)”從第三句中“挑戰(zhàn)‘無(wú)神論共產(chǎn)主義’”和“從核戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的威脅中尋求某種解脫”可以看出，該項(xiàng)也正確。

50.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

50.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?50.下面哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)可以作為這篇文章的合適標(biāo)題？

A.America:ADifferentSocietyfromthePast

A.美國(guó)：一個(gè)與過(guò)去不同的社會(huì)

B.SpreadofReligioninPostwarYears

B.戰(zhàn)后宗教的傳播

C.Religion:AnImportantAspectofAmericanLife

C.宗教：美國(guó)生活的一個(gè)重要方面

D.ConformityinAmericanSociety

D.美國(guó)社會(huì)的從眾性

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】首先，看到首尾兩段核心句，首段第一句“隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，越來(lái)越多的同一性在美國(guó)社會(huì)盛行（anincreasingsenseofsameness）”，以及末段第一句“戰(zhàn)后，美國(guó)人發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種共同的宗教意識(shí)（asharedreligioussense），重返教堂的人數(shù)創(chuàng)下了紀(jì)錄”，可知文章主要講述的內(nèi)容是美國(guó)社會(huì)的同一性。然后，看到文章行文結(jié)構(gòu)是總分結(jié)構(gòu)，文章首先介紹美國(guó)社會(huì)同一性產(chǎn)生的歷史原因，然后從學(xué)校和宗教兩個(gè)方面來(lái)闡述同一性的表現(xiàn)。綜上所述可知，文章的關(guān)鍵詞是conformity，內(nèi)容就是美國(guó)社會(huì)的從眾性。故D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)：一個(gè)與過(guò)去不同的社會(huì)”、B選項(xiàng)“戰(zhàn)后宗教的傳播”和C選項(xiàng)“宗教：美國(guó)生活的一個(gè)重要方面”均屬于以偏概全。

15.單選題

MayaLinwasanundergraduatestudentatYalewhenshewas______tocreatetheVietnamVeteransMemorialin1981becauseshewonthepublicdesigncompetitionforthememorial.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.commissioned

B.conditioned

C.streamlined

D.aggregated

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。A選項(xiàng)commissioned“正式委托（譜寫或制作、創(chuàng)作、完成）”；B選項(xiàng)conditioned“訓(xùn)練，使習(xí)慣于，使適應(yīng)”；C選項(xiàng)streamlined“使增產(chǎn)節(jié)約”；D選項(xiàng)aggregated“總計(jì)，合計(jì)”。句意：1981年，瑪雅林在耶魯大學(xué)讀本科時(shí)被______設(shè)計(jì)越南退伍軍人紀(jì)念館，因?yàn)樗A得了紀(jì)念館的公共設(shè)計(jì)競(jìng)賽。瑪雅林贏了設(shè)計(jì)比賽，可知這里指的是和設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)事宜，A選項(xiàng)commissioned“正式委托（譜寫或制作、創(chuàng)作、完成）”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.Ontheotherhand,itsdefinitionisdifficultformanypeople.Themeaningofthetermisconfused,buteveryoneshouldunderstanditsmeaningandobjectives.Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).

Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.Forthisreasongreatcareshouldbetakentodistinguishbetweenbeliefsandtruths.Thereisnodangeraslongascleardifferenceismadebetweentemporaryandprovedexplanations.Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.Fromthesepositionsscientistscontinuetoexperimentandobserveuntiltheyareprovedordiscredited.Theexactstatusofanyexplanationshouldbeclearlylabeledtoavoidconfusion.

Theobjectivesofscienceareprimarilythediscoveryandthesubsequentunderstandingoftheunknown.Mancannotbesatisfiedwithrecognizingthatsecretsexistinnatureorthatquestionsareunanswerable;hemustsolvethem.Towardthatendspecialistsinthefieldofbiologyandrelatedfieldsofinterestsaredirectingmuchoftheirtimeandenergy.

Actually,twobasicapproachesleadtothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisaimedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposes---forinstance,improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse,suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience.

Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards.Chemistsresponsibleformanyofthediscoveriescouldhardlyhaveanticipatedthattheirfindingswouldonedayresultinapplicationofsuchapracticalnatureasthosedirectlyrelatedtolifeanddeath.Thediscoveriesofonebitofinformationopenthedoortothediscoveryofanother.Somediscoveriesseemsosimplethatoneisamazedtheywerenotmadeyearsago;however,oneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell.Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplie