考研考博-英語-臺(tái)州職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-臺(tái)州職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thereisconcernthatpoliceusethelawto（

）assetsfrompeoplewhohavecommittedminoroffences.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confiscate

B.offset

C.submit

D.intensify

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。confiscate意為“沒收”；offset意為“抵消”；submit意為“順從”；intensity意為“加強(qiáng)，增強(qiáng)”。

句意：有人擔(dān)心警察利用法律從輕微犯罪分子那里沒收財(cái)產(chǎn)。

2.單選題

Alltherows,alltheethicalproblemsandallthemoneyspentinpursuingthehumancodeforlifewillhavebeenwellworthitifitfulfillsevenmoreofitsmedicalpromise.

Thepotentialprizescertainlyglitter.Inthefarfuture,itmaybepossibletopreventgeneticdiseasesfrombeinginheritedbycuttingthemoutofthegenepoolonceandforall,so-calledgerm-lineengineering.Atthenearerendofthetimescale,genetictestsareallowingpeopletochoosesuitabletherapiesandlifestylestobeatdisease.Aninbetween,liefurthertantalizingprospects,thousandsofnewdrugsforpreviouslyuntreatablediseases;drugstailoredtoindividuals,sowithfarfewersideeffects,theabilitytoreplacefaultygenes,short-circuitingdiseasesatsource.

Buttheworkofturningthebasepairdataintothegoldofnewtreatmentshasalreadybegun,accordingtoDr.FrancisCollins,headoftheUSNationalHumanResearchInstitute,“Ikeepatallyofthegenesthatareresponsibleforhumandiseasesthatareidentifiedoverthecourseofayear.”Inagoodyear,intimesgoneby,theremighthavebeentwoorthree.Lastyear,therehavebeen29discovered.

Privatecompanieshavealsocombedthedatatofindgenesthatplayrolesindiabetes,asthma,psoriasisandmigraines.ThemostextremesuggesteduseforthehumangenomedataiseditingtheDNAinheritancepasseddownfromonegenerationtothenext.Suchascenarioinvolvesidentifyinganabnormalgeneandthecorrectingitinthecellswhichareusedtopassgeneticinformationtooffspring.Nosubsequentgenerationwouldthenbeaffectedbytheirancestors’genedefect.However,suchirreversibleinterventionwiththecodeforlifewillonlybeallowedaftermajorethicalreservationsandsafetyconcernsoverpossibleunexpectedresultsofthechangesareaddressed.

Thereislittledoubtthattherevelationofthehumangenomewillbenefithealthcareintheshortandlongterm.Butmanyofthetreatmentswillbeexpensiveandwilldonothingtoavoidthedamagecausedbyviralandbacterialdiseases.IthasbeensuggestedthatabravenewworldawaitsusinwhichallailmentscanbemonitoredfromadailymouthswabinsertedintoaDNAreaderinourbathroomcabinets.ButDr.IanPurvissays,itcouldbethatlike,alongtimeinthefuture,butthatisbasedontheratherarrogantviewhumanityhasthatitwillunderstandeverythingwefind…andweneverhaveinthepast.

61.Bysayingthatthe“potentialprizescertainlyglitter”,theauthormeansthat______.

62.Thechiefpurposeofgerm-lineengineeringisto______.

63.Fromthefirstsentenceofthethirdparagraphwelearnthat______.

64.Theauthorwarnsthatintryingtoalterhumangenes,specialattentionshouldbepaidto______.

65.AccordingtoDr.Purvis,humanbeings______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pursuingthehumancodeforlifecertainlyprovokesmuchdebate

B.germ-lineengineeringfailstofulfillsomeofitsmedicalpromises

C.germ-lineengineeringwillcertainlyprovetobeafruitfulresearch

D.potentialprizesforgeneresearchhaveactuallyprovedtobesmall

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.developdrugssuitedtoeachindividualwithfewersideeffects

B.preventfaultygenesfrompassingontothenextgeneration

C.developdrugsforpreviouslyuntreatablediseases

D.workoutthebesttherapyfortheterminallyill

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.actualworkongerm-lineengineeringhasbeenunderway

B.gettingawaywithfaultygeneshasprovedtobeatoughtask

C.theprospectoffindingthenewtreatmentsseemsbright

D.researchershavebeguntocollectthehumangenomedata

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.ethicalproblemsinvolved

B.abnormalgenestobealtered

C.thecodeoflifetobesearchedfor

D.protectinghealthygenes

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.aremorearrogantthanwewereinthepast

B.willbeabletomonitorallailmentsinthenearfuture

C.understandourpastbetterthanwedoourfuture

D.maynotunderstandeverythingwediscovered

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】61.推理判斷題。題干意思是“通過說‘潛在的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)肯定會(huì)閃閃發(fā)光’，作者的意思是……”。根據(jù)題干可定位到第二段，第二段第一句Thepotentialprizescertainlyglitter.（潛在的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)定將閃閃發(fā)光）是本段落的中心句，隨后講到了基因研究的美好前景，制造更好的藥物，讓人們選擇治療疾病的合適的療法，第二段最后兩句提到Aninbetween,liefurthertantalizingprospects,thousandsofnewdrugsforpreviouslyuntreatablediseases;drugstailoredtoindividuals,sowithfarfewersideeffects,theabilitytoreplacefaultygenes,short-circuitingdiseasesatsource.（在兩者之間，還有更誘人的前景，數(shù)以千計(jì)的新藥用于以前無法治療的疾?。粸閭€(gè)人量身定制的藥物，副作用少得多，能夠替換有缺陷的基因，從源頭上消除疾病），由此我們可以推斷，這種基因研究會(huì)成為一項(xiàng)頗有成效的研究，即胚系工程研究；故C項(xiàng)“胚系工程必將證明是一項(xiàng)卓有成效的研究”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“追尋人類的生命密碼肯定會(huì)引發(fā)很多爭(zhēng)論”該段沒有提到爭(zhēng)論；B項(xiàng)“胚系工程不能履行它的一些醫(yī)療承諾”和D項(xiàng)“基因研究的潛在獎(jiǎng)金實(shí)際上被證明是很小的”都與原文不符。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

62.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“胚系工程的主要目的是……”。根據(jù)第二段第二句Inthefarfuture,itmaybepossibletopreventgeneticdiseasesfrombeinginheritedbycuttingthemoutofthegenepoolonceandforall,so-calledgerm-lineengineering.（在遙遠(yuǎn)的將來，通過將遺傳疾病一勞永逸地從基因庫中剔除，也就是所謂的胚系工程，就有可能防止遺傳疾?。┛芍?，胚系工程的目的是防止遺傳疾病，故B項(xiàng)“防止有缺陷的基因傳給下一代”正確。A項(xiàng)“開發(fā)適合每個(gè)人的副作用更少的藥物”和C項(xiàng)“為以前無法治愈的疾病開發(fā)藥物”是通過基因工程的研究來實(shí)現(xiàn)的，不是主要的目的；D項(xiàng)“為絕癥患者找出最好的治療方法”文章未提到。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

63.推理判斷題。題干意思是“從第三段的第一句話我們可以知道……”。根據(jù)題干可以定位到第三段第一句，文章說Buttheworkofturningthebasepairdataintothegoldofnewtreatmentshasalreadybegun（但是將堿基對(duì)的數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)化為新療法的核心工作已經(jīng)開始了），接著又繼續(xù)提到Inagoodyear,intimesgoneby,theremighthavebeentwoorthree.Lastyear,therehavebeen29discovered.（在過去的好年景里，可能會(huì)有兩三個(gè)；去年，已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了29個(gè)）可推斷，將堿基對(duì)的數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)化為新療法的前景很好，故C項(xiàng)“找到新療法的前景似乎很光明”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“胚系工程的實(shí)際工作正在進(jìn)行中”，文章說的是已經(jīng)開始一段時(shí)間了，與原文不符；B項(xiàng)“擺脫有缺陷的基因被證明是一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)”在該段沒有體現(xiàn)；第三段提到Ikeepatallyofthegenesthatareresponsibleforhumandiseasesthatareidentifiedoverthecourseofayear.（在一年的時(shí)間里，我記錄了一份與人類疾病有關(guān)的基因記錄）可知研究人員已經(jīng)開始收集與人類疾病有關(guān)的基因數(shù)據(jù)，D項(xiàng)“研究人員已經(jīng)開始收集人類基因組數(shù)據(jù)”表述不夠準(zhǔn)確。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

64.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“作者警告說，在試圖改變?nèi)祟惢驎r(shí)，應(yīng)特別注意……”。第四段最后一句指出However,suchirreversibleinterventionwiththecodeforlifewillonlybeallowedaftermajorethicalreservationsandsafetyconcernsoverpossibleunexpectedresultsofthechangesareaddressed.（然而，只有在處理了重大倫理保留意見和對(duì)可能出現(xiàn)的意外結(jié)果的安全擔(dān)憂之后，才允許對(duì)生命守則進(jìn)行這種不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的干預(yù)），由此可知，在試圖改變?nèi)祟惢驎r(shí)，應(yīng)該特別注意人類之間的倫理和可能出現(xiàn)的意外結(jié)果，所以A項(xiàng)“涉及的道德問題”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“被改變的異?；颉?，這屬于改變?nèi)祟惢虻慕Y(jié)果而非注意的地方；C項(xiàng)“尋找生命的密碼”和D項(xiàng)“保護(hù)健康基因”在該段沒有體現(xiàn)。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

65.推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)珀維斯博士的說法，人類……”。最后一段作者闡述人類基因組的探索將在短期和長期內(nèi)造福于醫(yī)療保健，但是價(jià)格昂貴且無法避免病毒和細(xì)菌疾病造成的損害；隨后引出一個(gè)abravenewworld（一個(gè)勇敢的新世界），并用珀維斯博士的話回答：itcouldbethatlike,alongtimeinthefuture,butthatisbasedontheratherarrogantviewhumanityhasthatitwillunderstandeverythingwefind…andweneverhaveinthepast.（在未來的很長一段時(shí)間可能是這樣的，但這是基于人類相當(dāng)傲慢的觀點(diǎn)，即人們會(huì)理解我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的一切，而我們過去從來沒有這種想法），可以推斷，人類比我們過去要傲慢，所以A項(xiàng)“比我們過去更傲慢”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“在不久的將來將能夠監(jiān)測(cè)所有疾病”表述太絕對(duì)；C項(xiàng)“比我們更了解我們的未來”和D項(xiàng)“可能不理解我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的一切”表述與文章不符。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

TheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)istheonlyinternationalorganizationdealingwiththeglobalrulesoftradebetweennations.Itsmainfunctionistoensurethattradeflowsassmoothly,predictablyandfreelyaspossible.

Theresultisassurance.Consumersandproducersknowthattheycanenjoysecuresuppliesandgreaterchoiceofthefinishedproducts,components,rawmaterialsandservicesthattheyuse.Producersandexportersknowthatforeignmarketswillremainopentothem.Theresultisalsoamoreprosperous,peacefulandaccountableeconomicworld.DecisionsintheWTOaretypicallytakenbyconsensusamongallmembercountriesandtheyareapprovedbymembers’parliaments.TradefrictionischanneledintotheWTO’sdisputesettlementprocesswherethefocusisoninterpretingagreementsandcommitments,andhowtoensurethatcountries’tradepoliciesconformwiththem.Thatway,theriskofspitesspillingoverintopoliticalormilitaryconflictisreduced.Byloweringtradebarriers,theWTO’ssystemalsobreaksdownotherbarriersbetweenpeoplesandnations.

Attheheartofthesystem-knownasthemultilateral(多邊的)tradingsystem-aretheWTO’sagreements,negotiatedandsignedbyalargemajorityoftheworld’stradingnations,andapprovedintheirparliaments.Theseagreementsarethelegalground-rulesforinternationalcommerce.Essentially,theyarecontracts,guaranteeingmembercountriesimportanttraderights.Theyalsobindgovernmentstokeeptheirtradepolicieswithinagreedlimitstoeverybody’sbenefit.Theagreementswerenegotiatedandsignedbygovernments.Butgoalistoimprovethewelfareofthepeoplesofthemembercountries.

26.Inthelastparagraph,theworld“bind”couldbestbereplacedby（）.

27.Membercountriescanenjoyalltheassuranceexcept（）.

28.Tradeconflictamongmembercountriescanbehandled（）.

29.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueaboutWTOagreements?

30.Theauthorwritesthispassageto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.restrict

B.connect

C.stick

D.fasten

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.greaterchoiceofrawmaterialandfinishedproducts

B.securityofbuyingandselling

C.foreignmarketentrance

D.greaterchoiceofcomponentsandservices

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.byloweringtradebarriers

B.byavoidingpoliticalormilitaryconflict

C.accordingtoWTO’sdisputesettlement

D.guaranteeingmembercountriesimportanttraderights

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theymustbeadoptedbymembercountries.

B.Theymustbeauthorizedbymembers’parliaments.

C.Theymustbenegotiatedandsignedbyalargemajorityoftradingcountries.

D.Theycanensurethatcountries’tradepoliciesconformwithothers’.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.giveabriefintroductiontoWTO

B.teachpeoplehowtoenterintoWTO

C.showpeopletheadvantageofenteringWTO

D.exemplifytheprosperityWTOwillbringpeople

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】26.詞義推測(cè)題。定位在文章的最后一段Theyalsobindgovernmentstokeeptheirtradepolicieswithinagreedlimitstoeverybody’sbenefit.（它們還要求各國政府將貿(mào)易政策限制在一致同意的范圍內(nèi)，以惠及所有人。）withinagreedlimits在一致同意的范圍內(nèi)，這個(gè)范圍是特定的，也是有界限的。由此A選項(xiàng)“限制；限定”正確。B選項(xiàng)“連接；聯(lián)合”，C選項(xiàng)“堅(jiān)持；伸出”，D選項(xiàng)“扣緊，抓住”均不符合題意，故選A。

27.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。定位在第二段第二句Consumersandproducersknowthattheycanenjoysecuresuppliesandgreaterchoiceofthefinishedproducts,components,rawmaterialsandservicesthattheyuse.（消費(fèi)者和生產(chǎn)者知道，他們可以享受安全的供應(yīng)和對(duì)他們使用的成品、部件、原材料和服務(wù)有更多的選擇。A選項(xiàng)“更多原材料和成品選擇”，B選項(xiàng)“買賣的安全性”，D選項(xiàng)“更多組件和服務(wù)的選擇”都包括在內(nèi)。C選項(xiàng)“國外市場(chǎng)入口”并未提及，故選C。

28.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由關(guān)鍵詞conflict“沖突”定位在第二段TradefrictionischanneledintotheWTO’sdisputesettlementprocess（貿(mào)易摩擦由世界貿(mào)易組織協(xié)調(diào)解決）說明貿(mào)易摩擦是由世貿(mào)組織來進(jìn)行協(xié)調(diào)解決的。由此可知C選項(xiàng)“根據(jù)世貿(mào)組織的爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制”正確。A選項(xiàng)“貿(mào)易堡壘”，B選項(xiàng)“避免政治或軍事沖突”，D選項(xiàng)“保障成員國重要的貿(mào)易權(quán)利”，A，B，D選項(xiàng)與貿(mào)易摩擦無關(guān)，故選C。

29.推理判斷題。定位在文章第三段的第一句Attheheartofthesystem-knownasthemultilateral(多邊的)tradingsystem-aretheWTO’sagreements,negotiatedandsignedbyalargemajorityoftheworld’stradingnations,andapprovedintheirparliaments.（世貿(mào)組織的協(xié)定是被稱為多邊貿(mào)易體系的制度的核心，世貿(mào)組織的協(xié)定由世界上大多數(shù)貿(mào)易國談判和簽署，并在其議會(huì)中獲得批準(zhǔn)。）A選項(xiàng)“它們必須為成員國所采納”，B選項(xiàng)“它們必須得到成員議會(huì)的授權(quán)”，C選項(xiàng)“它們必須由絕大多數(shù)貿(mào)易國協(xié)商和簽署”，A，B，C選項(xiàng)都包含在世貿(mào)組織協(xié)定內(nèi)。D選項(xiàng)“它們能確保國家貿(mào)易政策符合其他國家的貿(mào)易政策”，定位在第二段TradefrictionischanneledintotheWTO’sdisputesettlementprocesswherethefocusisoninterpretingagreementsandcommitments,andhowtoensurethatcountries’tradepoliciesconformwiththem.（貿(mào)易摩擦由世界貿(mào)易組織協(xié)調(diào)解決，協(xié)調(diào)過程主要是解決簽訂的協(xié)議和應(yīng)盡的義務(wù)，并且如何確保成員國遵守相應(yīng)的貿(mào)易政策.）由此可知，能確保國家貿(mào)易政策符合其他國家的貿(mào)易政策是由WTO’sdisputesettlementprocess來達(dá)成的，并非WTOagreement。故選D。

30.主旨大意題。WTO（世貿(mào)組織）是一個(gè)處理國家間貿(mào)易規(guī)則的唯一國際機(jī)構(gòu)，其核心是盡可能確保貿(mào)易順暢、自然和自由地運(yùn)行以及它的協(xié)議。本文主要介紹了世貿(mào)組織的功能、作用和影響，所以A選項(xiàng)“世貿(mào)組織的簡(jiǎn)要介紹”正確。B選項(xiàng)“教人們?nèi)绾渭尤胧蕾Q(mào)組織”在文中并未提及。C選項(xiàng)“向人們展示加入世貿(mào)組織的好處”只是一部分陳述，概括不了全文。D選項(xiàng)“舉例說明世貿(mào)組織給人們帶來的繁榮”，文中舉例部分較少，較為片面。故選A。

4.單選題

III.ConstitutionalLawandAdministrativeLaw

TwocenturiesafterMarburyv.Madison,thereremainsadeepconfusionaboutquitewhatacourtisreviewingwhenitengagesinjudicialreview.Conventionalwisdomhasitthatjudicialreviewisthereviewofcertainlegalobjects:statutes,regulations.Butstrictlyspeaking,thisisnotquiteright.TheConstitutionprohibitsnotobjectsbutactions.Judicialreviewisthereviewofsuchactions.Andactionsrequireactors:verbsrequiresubjects.Sobeforejudicialreviewfocusesonverbs,letaloneobjects,itshouldbeginatthebeginning,withsubjects.Everyconstitutionalinquiryshouldbeginwithabasicquestionthathasbeenalmostuniversallyoverlooked.Thefundamentalquestion,fromwhichallelsefollows,isthewhoquestion:whohasviolatedtheConstitution?

Asjudicialreviewispracticedtoday,courtsskipoverthisbedrockquestiontogettothemorefamiliarquestion:howwastheConstitutionviolated?Butitmakesnosensetoaskhow,untilthereisananswertowho.Indeed,incountlessmuddledlinesofdoctrine,puzzlementaboutthepredicatesofconstitutionalviolationfollowsdirectlyfrommorefundamentalconfusionaboutthesubjects.

Thisfundamentalconfusion,likemostconfusioninlaw,stemsfrominsufficientattentiontotext.Individualwordsareimportant,ofcourse,butequallyimportantistextualstructure.Thewordsformclausesandtakeongrammaticalfunctionswithinthoseclauses.Withintheirclauses,thesewordsbecomesubjects,verbs,objects.Thegrammaticalrelationshipamongthesewordsmaybejustasrevealingasthewordsthemselves.Grammaticalimprecisioncancause—andhascaused—deepanalyticalanddoctrinalconfusion.Butcarefulattentiontoconstitutionalgrammarcanreveal—andwillreveal—nothinglessthantheconstitutionalstructureofjudicialreview.

Confusionaboutthewho(and,relatedly,thewhen)ofconstitutionalviolationhasbeentherootcauseofmanyofthedeepestpuzzlesoffederaljurisdiction—puzzlesofripeness,ofstanding,ofseverability,of“facial”and“as-applied”challenges.Simplybyfocusingattentiononthiscrucialconstitutionalfeature,thesubjectsoftheConstitution,thesepuzzlesmaybesolvedonceandforall.

Andastheyaresolved,itbecomesclearthatthisapproachconstitutesanewmodelofjudicialreview.AccordingtoHarvardLawProfessorRichardFallon,federalcourtsscholarshavebeendoingmuchthesamethingsincetheoriginalpublicationofTheFederalCourtsandtheFederalSystemin1953—“askingmuchthesamequestionsformulatedbyHenryHartandHerbertWechsler…andtryingtoanswerthemwithroughlythesametechniques.”

59.Whydoestheauthorthinkthereremainsadeepconfusionaboutwhatacourtisreviewingwhenitengagesinjudicialreview?

60.Theunderlinedphrase“asrevealingas”inthe3ndparagraphmeans___.

61.Theauthorthinksthattheconfusionaboutthewhoofconstitutionalviolationhasbeentherootcauseofthefollowingpuzzlesexcept___.

62.Readingtheparagraphs,onecantellthattheauthor___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Judicialreviewisthereviewofcertainlegalobjects.

B.Judicialreviewisthereviewofactions.

C.Verbsrequiresubjects.

D.Thejudicialreviewfocusesobjects,whereitshouldbeginwithsubjects.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.equallyimportant

B.informingsamebackground

C.asinformativeas

D.grammaticalrelationshipamongthewords

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thewordsofastatute

B.whetherthefactsofacasehavedevelopedsufficientlytopermitausefuldecisiontobemade

C.aparty’srighttomakealegalclaim

D.whethertoinvalidatethewholecontractoronlytheoffendingwords

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thinksthatMarburyv.MadisonwasthefirstcaseofjudicialreviewintheUS

B.disagreeswiththecourts’previouspracticeofjudicialreview

C.thinksthatequallytextualstructureisequallyimportantaswordsinjudicialreview

D.thinksthatthepuzzlesoffederaljurisdictionmaybesolvedonceandforall

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】59.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段Conventionalwisdomhasitthatjudicialreviewisthereviewofcertainlegalobjects:statutes,regulations.Butstrictlyspeaking,thisisnotquiteright.（傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，司法審查是對(duì)某些法律對(duì)象的審查：法規(guī)，規(guī)章。但嚴(yán)格來說，這并不完全正確。）可知A選項(xiàng)“司法審查是對(duì)某些法律客體的審查”并不是作者認(rèn)為法院在進(jìn)行司法審查時(shí)，對(duì)審查的內(nèi)容仍然存在深深的困惑的原因；第一段Judicialreviewisthereviewofsuchactions.Andactionsrequireactors:verbsrequiresubjects.Sobeforejudicialreviewfocusesonverbs,letaloneobjects,itshouldbeginatthebeginning,withsubjects.（司法審查就是對(duì)這種行為的審查。行動(dòng)需要參與者：行動(dòng)需要主語。所以在司法審查把重點(diǎn)放在行動(dòng)上，更不用說客體，應(yīng)該從主體開始）可知D選項(xiàng)“司法審查以客體為中心，應(yīng)以主體為起點(diǎn)”和原文不符，作者認(rèn)為是以“行為”為中心，排除，以及C選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)作需要主語”并不是在進(jìn)行司法審查時(shí)，對(duì)審查的內(nèi)容仍然存在深深的困惑的原因，排除；同時(shí)可知B選項(xiàng)“司法審查是對(duì)行為的審查”符合題意，作者認(rèn)為目前存在的困惑是司法審查應(yīng)該先審查行為，而不是審查某些法律課題，但是傳統(tǒng)司法審查所做的內(nèi)容與之相悖，所以產(chǎn)生了困惑。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

60.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】詞義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干定位到劃線句子處Thegrammaticalrelationshipamongthesewordsmaybejustasrevealingasthewordsthemselves.（這些詞之間的語法關(guān)系可能就像這些詞本身一樣具有啟示意義。）可知本句中asrevealingas表示“啟示意義”，選C選項(xiàng)“提供有用信息”；A選項(xiàng)“同樣重要”，B選項(xiàng)“告知相同的背景”以及D選項(xiàng)“語法關(guān)系”不符合原文的語境，排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

61.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干問：筆者認(rèn)為，除了___之外，對(duì)違憲主體的困惑是造成以下困惑的根本原因。結(jié)合原文第二段最后一句Indeed,incountlessmuddledlinesofdoctrine,puzzlementaboutthepredicatesofconstitutionalviolationfollowsdirectlyfrommorefundamentalconfusionaboutthesubjects.（事實(shí)上，在無數(shù)雜亂無章的學(xué)說中，對(duì)違憲謂詞的困惑直接源于對(duì)主體更基本的困惑）第三段第一句Thisfundamentalconfusion,likemostconfusioninlaw,stemsfrominsufficientattentiontotext.Individualwordsareimportant,ofcourse,butequallyimportantistextualstructure.（這種基本的混亂，就像法律中的大多數(shù)混亂一樣，源于對(duì)文本的關(guān)注不夠）可知是對(duì)于文本關(guān)注不夠，導(dǎo)致了對(duì)主體更基本的困惑。因此對(duì)于文字的困惑并不是對(duì)違憲主體的困惑所造成的，而是文字的困惑造成了對(duì)違憲主體的困惑，則A選項(xiàng)“法令的文字”并不是對(duì)違憲主體的困惑所造成的；B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)案件的事實(shí)是否已經(jīng)發(fā)展到足以做出有用的決定”，C選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)事人提出法律要求的權(quán)利”以及D選項(xiàng)“是使整個(gè)合同無效還是僅僅使冒犯的文字無效”在原文中并未涉及，排除。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

62.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第三段Individualwordsareimportant,ofcourse,butequallyimportantistextualstructure.（當(dāng)然，單個(gè)單詞很重要，但同樣重要的是文本結(jié)構(gòu)）可知作者認(rèn)為同等的文本結(jié)構(gòu)與詞語同等重要，選C選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)為在司法審查中，同等的文本結(jié)構(gòu)與詞語同等重要”；第一段第一句TwocenturiesafterMarburyv.Madison,thereremainsadeepconfusionaboutquitewhatacourtisreviewingwhenitengagesinjudicialreview.（Marburyv.Madison案已經(jīng)過去兩個(gè)世紀(jì)了，人們對(duì)法院在進(jìn)行司法審查時(shí)究竟在審查什么仍有很深的困惑。）無法推斷出A選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)為馬布里訴麥迪遜案是美國第一個(gè)司法審查的案件”，排除；第一段Conventionalwisdomhasitthatjudicialreviewisthereviewofcertainlegalobjects:statutes,regulations.Butstrictlyspeaking,thisisnotquiteright.（傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，司法審查是對(duì)某些法律對(duì)象的審查：法規(guī)，規(guī)章。但嚴(yán)格來說，這并不完全正確。）可知作者是認(rèn)為傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)并不正確，而不是不同意法院以前司法審查的做法，B選項(xiàng)“不同意法院以前司法審查的做法”排除；倒數(shù)第二段最后一句Simplybyfocusingattentiononthiscrucialconstitutionalfeature,thesubjectsoftheConstitution,thesepuzzlesmaybesolvedonceandforall.（只要關(guān)注這一重要的憲法特征，即憲法的主體，這些困惑就可以一勞永逸地得到解決）可知作者認(rèn)為只要關(guān)注憲法的主體，聯(lián)邦聯(lián)邦管轄權(quán)的困惑就可以一勞永逸地得到解決，不能簡(jiǎn)單地說D選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)為聯(lián)邦管轄權(quán)的難題可以一勞永逸地解決”，太過片面，排除。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Hebuiltahutonapieceofroughlandneararockfall.Inthewetseasontherewasaplentifulstream,andevertheyearsheencouragedthedryforesttosurroundhimwithathickscreen.Thegreeneritbecametheeasieritwastoforgettheoutside.IntimeMelio(notwithoutsometerriblemistakes)learnthowtoliveinspiteofthedifficultiesuponthatmountainshelf.

HisonlyneighborswereafamilygroupofParakanasIndianswho,forreasonsknownonlytothemselves,tookalikingtoMelio.TheirChiefneverlookedcloselyatMelioandsaidtohimselfthatthiswhitemanwasasmadasasnakewhichchewsoffitsowntail.TheParakanastaughtMeliotocatchfishwiththehelpofawildplantwhichmadethemsenselessinthestream.Itgaveoffapowerfuldrugwhenshakenviolentlythroughthewater.Theyshowedhimhowtohuntbylayingtrapsanddigging.IntimeMelio’spieceoflandbecamearegularfarm.Hehadwildbirds,fatlong-leggedonesandthinnearlyfeatherlesschickens,andhiscornandsaltedfishwasenoughtokeephimstockedupthroughthewetseason.

TheParakanaswerealwaysaroundhim.He’dneveradmititbuthecouldfeelthatthetreeswerelikethebarsofaprison:theywerewatchinghim.ItwasasifhewastherebycourtesyoftheChief.Whentheycametohim,theIndiansneverenteredhishousewithitssteeplyslopingroofofdriedgrassandleaves.Theyhadadelicatewayofbehaving.Theyshowedthemselvesbystandingintheshadeofthetreesattheclearing’sedge.Hewasexpectedtocrossthechickenstriptowardsthem.Thentheyhadacuriousbutcharminghabitoftakingapacebackfromhim,justoneoddstepbackwardsintotheirgreencorridors.Melionevercouldpersuadethemtocomeanycloser.

ThegroupguessedatMelio’shatredforhiscivilizedbrothersinthetownsfaraway.TheyknewMeliowouldneverinviteanymorewhitemenuphere.ThispleasedtheParakanas.Itmeantthattraderslookingforrubberandjewelswouldneverreachthem.TheirMeliowouldseetothat.Theyweresafewiththismanandhishatred.

16.ItisknownfromthepassagethatMeliowantedtheforestaroundhimtobecomethickbecausethedenseleaves（）.

17.TheChief’scomparisonofMeliotoasnakeisintendedtoshowthat（）.

18.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

19.ToMelio,theParakanaIndiansseemed（）.

20.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheplacedescribedbytheauthorwas（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.remindedhimofhishouseinthetownfaraway

B.preventedtheParakanasfromwatchinghim

C.helpedhimtoforgettheworldhehated

D.protectedhimfrombeingintrudedbythewhitemeninthetown

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.hedidnottrustMelio

B.itwasunwisetogotooclosetoMelio

C.hebelievedMeliohatedtheParakanas

D.hethoughtMeliowasoutofhismind

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Meliostayedonhisfarmforanumberofyears.

B.Meliofeltlikeaprisonerbecausehecouldn’tescapebeingwatched.

C.Meliokepthimselfalive,duringtherainyseasonbyeatingwhathehadinstore.

D.TheParakanasthoughtMeliolivedthattherebecausehewaslookingforrubberandjewels.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.oldbuthateful

B.strangebutattractive

C.unhealthybutfriendly

D.cowardlybutsociable

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.farremovedfromcivilization

B.impossibletocultivate

C.thehomeofMelio’sIndianrelatives

D.wetalltheyearround

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】16.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段第三句Thegreeneritbecametheeasieritwastoforgettheoutside.（森林越茂密，就越容易忘記外面的環(huán)境），C選項(xiàng)“幫助他忘記了他所憎恨的世界”為正確選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)“這使他想起了他在遠(yuǎn)處鎮(zhèn)上的家”正好與Melio的意圖相反。B選項(xiàng)“阻止了Parakanas監(jiān)視他”不符合文章內(nèi)容，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“保護(hù)他不受鎮(zhèn)上白人的侵?jǐn)_”文章并未提及，只在結(jié)尾處提到Melio從不邀請(qǐng)白人去那兒，因此可排除D選項(xiàng)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

17.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段第二句TheirChiefneverlookedcloselyatMelioandsaidtohimselfthatthiswhitemanwasasmadasasnakewhichchewsoffitsowntail.（酋長從未仔細(xì)看過梅里奧，他自言自語地說，這個(gè)白人就像咬斷自己尾巴的蛇一樣瘋狂），由此可知，選項(xiàng)B“和梅里奧走得太近是不明智的”為正確答案。選項(xiàng)A“他不信任梅里奧”，文章并未提及，可排除。選項(xiàng)C“他相信梅里奧憎恨Parakanas”，文章并未提及，可排除。選項(xiàng)D“他覺得梅里奧瘋了”，文章并未提及，可排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

18.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。選項(xiàng)A“梅里奧在他的農(nóng)場(chǎng)待了幾年”，定位到第二段倒數(shù)第二句Hehadwildbirds,fatlong-leggedonesandthinnearlyfeatherlesschickens,andhiscornandsaltedfishwasenoughtokeephimstockedupthroughthewetseason.（他養(yǎng)的是野鳥，有長腿的肥鳥，也有幾乎沒有羽毛的瘦雞。他養(yǎng)的玉米和咸魚足夠他在雨季儲(chǔ)存食物）可推測(cè)梅里奧在農(nóng)場(chǎng)待過幾年，排除A選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)B“梅里奧覺得自己像個(gè)囚犯，因?yàn)樗麩o法逃避被監(jiān)視”可定位到文中第三段第二句He’dneveradmititbuthecouldfeelthatthetreeswerelikethebarsofaprison:theywerewatchinghim.（他從不承認(rèn)，但他能感覺到那些樹就像監(jiān)獄的鐵欄：它們?cè)诒O(jiān)視著他），因此可排除B選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)C“在雨季，梅里奧靠吃他儲(chǔ)存的食物來維持生命”可定位到文中第二段倒數(shù)第一句andhiscornandsaltedfishwasenoughtokeephimstockedupthroughthewetseason.（他的玉米和咸魚足夠他在雨季儲(chǔ)存糧食），因此可排除C選項(xiàng)。D選項(xiàng)“Parakanas認(rèn)為Melio住在那里是因?yàn)樗趯ふ蚁鹉z和珠寶”，在文中沒有提及，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

19.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段倒數(shù)第二句Thentheyhadacuriousbutcharminghabitoftakingapacebackfromhim,justoneoddstepbackwardsintotheirgreencorridors.（然后，他們有一個(gè)奇怪而又迷人的習(xí)慣，總是退后一步，向綠色的走廊退一步）。B選項(xiàng)“奇怪，但有吸引力”與題干相符，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

20.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。A選項(xiàng)“遠(yuǎn)離文明”，通讀全文可知，A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。B選項(xiàng)“不可能培養(yǎng)”，文章第二段最后，提到Melio的土地成了一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)，可排除B選項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)“梅里奧印第安親戚的家”，文章中并沒有提到Melio印度親戚，那些人只是他的鄰居，可排除C選項(xiàng)。D選項(xiàng)“終年潮濕”，文章第二段結(jié)尾提到“他的玉米和咸魚足夠他在雨季儲(chǔ)存糧食”，可看出這個(gè)地方不是終年潮濕，可排除D選項(xiàng)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

（）thefactthathisinitialexperimentshadfailed,ProfessorWhitepersistedinhisresearch.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseof

B.Inspiteof

C.Asto

D.Inviewof

【答案】B

【解析】詞義辨析題。Becauseof因?yàn)?；Inspiteof

盡管,

雖然；Asto至于；Inviewof由于。句意：雖然事實(shí)是他最初的實(shí)驗(yàn)失敗了,

但是White教授依然堅(jiān)持他的研究。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

7.單選題

Inthelightofthecurrentsituation,Ihavetoreviewmyplans.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Throwinglighton

B.Inlinewith

C.Inaccordancewith

D.Intermsof

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)Throwinglighton“闡明”；B選項(xiàng)Inlinewith“符合”；C選項(xiàng)Inaccordancewith“依照”；D選項(xiàng)Intermsof“在……方面”。句意：鑒于目前的形勢(shì)，我得重新考慮我的計(jì)劃。劃線部分Inthelightof是根據(jù)、按照的意思。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Thesystemhasbeendesignedtogivestudentsquickandeasy（）tothedigitalresourcesofthelibrary.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acquaintance

B.accuracy

C.access

D.acquisition

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。acquaintance“熟人；相識(shí)；了解”；accuracy“準(zhǔn)確性”；access“進(jìn)入；通道；有使用權(quán)”，與介詞to搭配；acquisition“獲得物，獲得”。句意：這套系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的目的是為了讓學(xué)生能快速并且容易使用圖書館資源。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.單選題

Alanisagoodfootballplayerandneverbreaks______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.legal

B.regulations

C.limitation

D.agreement

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)legal“法律的；合法的”；B選項(xiàng)regulations“規(guī)則，法規(guī)”；C選項(xiàng)limitation“起限制作用的規(guī)則（limitationsonimports進(jìn)口限制）”；D選項(xiàng)agreement“協(xié)定，協(xié)議”。句意：艾倫是一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員，從不違反______。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是艾倫從不違反足球比賽的規(guī)則，B選項(xiàng)regulations“規(guī)則”符合題意。C選項(xiàng)limitation強(qiáng)調(diào)的是限制，不符合語境。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Theelevationoftheassistantcoachtotheheadcoachingpositionwithinonly9monthswasasurprise.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.raise

B.promotion

C.transfer

D.precedence

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.raise加薪B.promotion（職位）晉升

C.transfer（工作）調(diào)動(dòng)D.precedence優(yōu)先

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析

【解題思路】原句從助理教練（assistantcoach）到主教練（headcoaching）是職位的晉升，B選項(xiàng)“（職位）晉升”最符合原文。原文elevation“提升”

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)raise“加薪”，原句側(cè)重職位提高，而不是工資的增加；

C選項(xiàng)transfer“（工作）調(diào)動(dòng)”，沒有B選項(xiàng)“（職位）晉升”具體；

D選項(xiàng)precedence“優(yōu)先”，不符合原文邏輯。

【句意】助理教練在短短9個(gè)月內(nèi)晉升為主教練，這是一個(gè)驚喜。

11.單選題

Once（）,thispowerstationwillsupplyalltheneighboringtownsandvillageswithelectricity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itbeingcompleted

B.completed

C.completed

D.itcompletes

【答案】C

【解析】句意:這座電站一建成竣工，就將向周圍城鄉(xiāng)供電。

語法題?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。逗號(hào)后面句子已經(jīng)完整，因此逗號(hào)前面是動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式。整個(gè)句子主語是“thispowerstation”，因此其與待選的動(dòng)詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。當(dāng)once是做副詞吋，后面接過去分詞表被動(dòng)，且因主語一致則省略主語，once后應(yīng)該為“completed”。

12.單選題

BillandJackaretwins,Billpreferssocialactivitieswheneverhegetsachance,butJackdoesliketobealoneandquiet,（

）thateverybodycanperceiveit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.suchisthedifference

B.withouteveryevidence

C.thatremainsquiteclear

D.insuchaclearrole

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒裝句。句意：Bill和Jack是雙胞胎，無論何時(shí)只要有機(jī)會(huì)比爾就喜歡參加社交活動(dòng)，而杰克卻喜歡獨(dú)處和安靜，這對(duì)雙胞胎性格差異很大，以至于每個(gè)人都能察覺到。故可以先確定A項(xiàng)符合句意。such放在句首時(shí)句子主謂要倒裝，故答案為A。

13.單選題

Attemptstoreconcilethesetwodecisionshaveexpanded,humaningenuityandexpendedunconscionableamountoftime,effortandpaper.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.excessive

B.uncouth

C.gullible

D.ignoble

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)excessive“過多的，極度的；過分的”；B選項(xiàng)uncouth“笨拙的；粗野的；不舒適的；陌生的”；C選項(xiàng)gullible“易受騙的；輕信的”；D選項(xiàng)ignoble“不光彩的；卑鄙的；卑賤的”。句意：調(diào)和這兩個(gè)決定的嘗試已經(jīng)擴(kuò)大，人類的聰明才智和花費(fèi)了大量的時(shí)間、努力和文件。unconscionable“過度的；不合理的；昧著良心的；肆無忌憚的”。A選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Itwasnot（

）shetookoffherglasses（

）Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.when;that

B.until;that

C.until;when

D.when;then

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定用法。notuntil…that表示“直到……才……”，放進(jìn)本句中表示“直到她摘下眼鏡，我才認(rèn)出她是著名影星”。

15.單選題

Examinethedataovertime,andyou’llfindirrefutableevidenceofprogress:thedecline