考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廈門(mén)東海職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廈門(mén)東海職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theearlyuseofa[A]completesteelframefortoweringbuildings[B]appearedinthe[C]firstskyscraper,[D]builtonChicagoin1883.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.complete

B.appeared

C.firstskyscraper

D.builton

【答案】D

【解析】【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】介詞的用法。

【解題思路】表達(dá)在某個(gè)城市時(shí)，應(yīng)選用介詞in。因此應(yīng)將D選項(xiàng)改為builtin。

【句意】1883年在芝加哥建造的第一座摩天大樓就使用了完整鋼框架。

2.填空題

Voiceofforeigners,JoyinJiangsuEastchina'sJiangsuprovinceisinvitingforeigners（1）intheprovincetosharetheirstoriesaboutlifeinChina（2）theannual"SharedJoyinJiangsu"Chinese（3）ContestforForeignersgetsunderway.

ThecontesthasthefullsupportoftheJiangsuprovincialgovernment,theJiangsuProvincialDepartmentofEducationandtheJiangsuBroadcastingCorporation.

Themed“HappyJiangsu,HappyChinese’’，thecontestencouragesforeignfriendstospeakonvarioustopics,suchasMyJiangsuStoryandMyChinaDream,toshowtheirlove（4）Chinaanditsculture,anddemonstratetheappealof（5）easternandwesterncultures.

Thefirststageofthecontest-anonlineauditionstartingfromMarchtoApril25invitesinterestedforeignerstoregisterwithamobilevideooftwotothreeminutesinChinese,introducingthemselvesandtheirChineseconnections.

Theentrantswillbeselected（6）theirvideos,andjudgeswillalsoconductphone（7）withthemforfurtherconsideration

The60chosencontestantsannouncedonMayIwillhaveplentyoftimetopreparetheirspeechesastheeliminationstagewillbeheldintheprovince'ssouthern,centralandnorthernparts,（8）byWuxi,NanjingandXuzhourespectively,fromMay20toearlyJune.

Thefinalswillbefilmedinmid-JuneatthegrandtheaterofJiangsuBroadcastingCorporationWinnerswillbeawardedprizesandcertificatesfortheirachievements,andhavethechancetodelvemoreintoJiangsuculturebytakingpartintheseriesofactivities"JiangsuthroughForeignersEyes”.

（9）foreignerscansignupattheofficialwebsiteofhttp://20633/2017speech,viatheofficialWeChataccountat"tongleJS",orbyemailtojswx@.Universitystudentscanalsoregisterattheirschools'internationaleducationcolleges.

The"SharedJoyinJiangsu"ChineseSpeakingContestforForeignershasbeensuccessfullycarriedoutforfouryears.Aspartofthe"SharedJoyinJiangsu"serieswhichalso（10）talentshows,musicfestivalsandculturaltrips,ithelpspromotetheprovince'sdiversificationandinternationalization.

【答案】1.living

2.as

3.speech

4.for

5.integrating

6.from

7.interviews

8.represented

9.Interested

10.features

【解析】1.此處是動(dòng)詞live的分詞做后置定語(yǔ)修飾foreigners，表示“居住在這個(gè)省的外國(guó)人”,而邏輯主語(yǔ)foreigners與live之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞。

2.as符合句意，表示“當(dāng)…時(shí)，因?yàn)?，由于”?/p>

3.此處表示“漢語(yǔ)演講比賽”。

4.此處表示“對(duì)中國(guó)的熱愛(ài)”，因此用for。

5.此處表示:展示東西方文化…的魅力。因此填integrating比較合適，表示“融合”。

6.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)填入介詞。這里表示:這些參加者將通過(guò)錄像來(lái)選擇，因此from比較合適。

7.該處表示:評(píng)委還將與他們進(jìn)行電話(huà)…，以便進(jìn)一步考慮。因此填入interviews，表示“面試”。

8.該處句意為:被選中的60名選手分別在江蘇省的南部、中部和北部舉行演講比賽，分別…無(wú)錫，南京等。因此填入represented表示“代表”。

9.此處可以填入一個(gè)形容詞修飾“外國(guó)人”，根據(jù)句意可知，可填入interested表示“感興趣的”。

10.空格在定語(yǔ)從句中，而且該從句缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意可知，features適合填入空格表示“以…為特色”。

3.單選題

Inmanycountriestobaccoandmedicinearegovernment（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.control

B.monopoly

C.business

D.belongings

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指政府壟斷，選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

4.單選題

Thevalueoftheindustrial（）droppedfromabout70billiondollarstoslightlymorethan31billion.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.outcome

B.outlook

C.output

D.outset

【答案】C

【解析】常用搭配。industrialoutput指"工業(yè)產(chǎn)量",為常用搭配。句意：工業(yè)產(chǎn)值從700億美元下降到310多億美元。選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.單選題

Otherfactors（

）tothedevelopmentofeconomicglobalizationareadvancedscientifictechnologiesandbettertransportationsystem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.causing

B.giving

C.contributing

D.resulting

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。cause“成為…的原因，導(dǎo)致”；give“提供，給予”；contribute“貢獻(xiàn)，出力，通常和介詞to連用”；result“導(dǎo)致，發(fā)生”；根據(jù)空格后的介詞to和句意‘（

）經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化發(fā)展的其他因素是先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù)和更好的運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)?！_定C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Theincident（）pressinterest.Reportersfromseveralnewspaperscametointerviewhim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.purchased

B.produced

C.provoked

D.processed

【答案】C

【解析】句意:這個(gè)事件引起了新聞界的興趣。數(shù)家報(bào)社的記者前來(lái)采訪(fǎng)他。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。Purchase購(gòu)買(mǎi),贏得;produce生產(chǎn);制造;生長(zhǎng);provoke激怒,煽動(dòng),引起;process加工,處理;審閱,審核。故C符合句意。

7.填空題

A:Ittakeshalf（1）hourto（2）tothestation.Ifwedon'tsetoutsoon,I'm（3）we'llmissourtrain.

B:Oh，I’mgladyoutoldme!I（4）itonlytook15minutes.We’d（5）go

rightawaythen.

【答案】1.an

2.get

3.afraid

4.thought

5.better

【解析】1.固定搭配。halfanhour半小時(shí)。

2.固定搭配。Getto到達(dá)。

3.固定搭配。I’mafraid恐怕…

4.語(yǔ)義題。句意:我還以為只要15分鐘。前面句子為一般過(guò)去時(shí),所以這里也用一般過(guò)去時(shí)(think的過(guò)去式thought)。

5.固定搭配。wouldbetterdosth.最好…。

8.單選題

Hespokeso（）thatevenhisopponentswerewonoverbyhisarguments.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reservedly

B.emphatically

C.determinedly

D.convincingly

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)reservedly“決然地；斷然地”；B選項(xiàng)emphatically“著重地；強(qiáng)調(diào)地；斷然地”；C選項(xiàng)determinedly“決然地；斷然地”；D選項(xiàng)convincingly“令人信服地；有說(shuō)服力地”。句意：他如此令人信服地發(fā)言，以至于他的對(duì)手都被他的辯論所說(shuō)服。根據(jù)句意，D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Tom（

）betterthantoaskDickforhelp.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.shallknow

B.hasknown

C.shouldn’tknow

D.shouldhaveknown

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。shouldhavedone表示“本該做某事而實(shí)際未做”，knowbetterthantodosth.表示“明白事理而不至于……”。句意：Tom本應(yīng)知道不該請(qǐng)Dick幫忙。

10.單選題

VeryfewcountriestrulysupportUSmilitary___againstIraq.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.acts

B.actions

C.behavior

D.deed

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)acts“行為（具體、簡(jiǎn)單、短時(shí)）；假裝；某種行為（或常規(guī)等）；法令；判決書(shū)；會(huì)議記錄；（戲劇等的）幕；表演；演出團(tuán)體”；B選項(xiàng)actions“行動(dòng)（抽象、復(fù)雜、持續(xù)）；活動(dòng)；功能；戰(zhàn)斗；情節(jié)；（非正式）精彩活動(dòng)”；C選項(xiàng)behavior“行為；舉止（某人的行為方式，尤指對(duì)他人的行為方式）；態(tài)度；反應(yīng)”；D選項(xiàng)deed“行動(dòng)（智慧與力量達(dá)到一定境界而產(chǎn)生的行為，常指輝煌與成就）；功績(jī)；證書(shū)；[法]契據(jù)”。句意：很少有國(guó)家真正支持美國(guó)對(duì)伊拉克的軍事___。本句表達(dá)“伊拉克的軍事行動(dòng)（是復(fù)雜、持續(xù)的行動(dòng)）”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

IadmitIhavemadeamistake,______Idenytheseriousconsequenceitmayhave.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.so

B.sowill

C.norwill

D.howcan

【答案】C

【解析】考查admit和deny互為反義詞，admit=notdeny，且nor；hardly；innoway；little；scarcely；seldom；never；nomore；nolonger；not；notonly；nosooner；Notonly...butalso；notuntil...等具有否定意義的詞或詞組位于句首，句子用部分倒裝。即是把Inorwilldeny倒裝為norwillIdeny。句意：我承認(rèn)我犯了錯(cuò)誤，也不否認(rèn)它可能造成的嚴(yán)重后果。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Thefamilyisalsotheinstitutionwheremostofus,bothaschildrenandasparents,acquireasenseofcontinuitywiththepastandasenseof______tothefuture.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ideology

B.commitment

C.prophecy

D.reverence

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)ideology“意識(shí)形態(tài)，思想意識(shí)，觀念學(xué)”，B項(xiàng)commitment“承諾，保證，委托”，C項(xiàng)prophecy“預(yù)言，預(yù)言書(shū)，預(yù)言能力”，D項(xiàng)reverence“崇敬，尊嚴(yán)，敬禮”。根據(jù)continuitywiththepast“對(duì)過(guò)去的延續(xù)”對(duì)應(yīng)可知，______tothefuture應(yīng)該表示“對(duì)未來(lái)的承諾”。句意：家庭也是我們大多數(shù)人，無(wú)論是作為兒童還是作為父母，獲得對(duì)過(guò)去的延續(xù)感和對(duì)未來(lái)的承諾感的機(jī)構(gòu)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Atallagesandatallstagesoflife,fearpresentsaproblemtoalmosteveryone.“Wearelargelytheplaythingsofourfears,”wrotetheBritishauthorHoraceWalpolemanyyearsago.“Toone,fearofthedark;toanother,ofphysicalpain;toathird,ofpublicridicule;toafourth,ofpoverty;toafifth,ofloneliness—forallofusourparticularcreaturewaitsinahiddenplace.”

Fearisoftenausefulemotion.Whenyoubecomefrightened,manyphysicalchangesoccurwithinyourbody.Yourheartbeatandresponsesquicken;yourpupilsexpandtoadmitmorelight;largequantitiesofenergy-producingadrenaline（腎上激素）arepouredintoyourbloodstream.Confrontedwithafireoraccident,fearcanfuellife-savingflight（逃離）.Similarly,whenadangerispsychologicalratherthanphysical,fearcanforceyoutotakeself-protectivemeasures.Itisonlywhenfearisdisproportionaltothedangerathandthatitbecomesaproblem.

Somepeoplearesimplymorevulnerabletofearthanothers.Avisittothenewbornnurseryofanylargehospitalwilldemonstratethat,fromthemomentoftheirbirths,afewfortunateinfantsrespondcalmlytosuddenfear-producingsituationssuchasaloudlyslammeddoor.Yetaneighborinthenextbedmaycryoutwithprofoundfright.Frombirth,heorsheismorepronetolearnfearfulresponsesbecauseheorshehasinheritedatendencytobemoresensitive.

Further,psychologistsknowthatourearlyexperiencesandrelationshipsstronglyshapeanddetermineourlaterfears.AyoungmannamedBill,forexample,grewupwithafatherwhoregardedeachadversityasatemporaryobstacletobeovercomewithimaginationandcourage.Usinghisfatherasamodel,Billcametowelcomeadventureandtotrusthisownabilitytosolveproblem.

Phil’sdad,however,spentmostofhistimetryingtoprotecthimselfandhisfamily.Afraidtorisktheinsecurityofajobchange,heremainedunhappyinoneposition.Heavoidedlongvacationsbecause“thecarmightbreakdown.”Growingupinsuchahome?Philnaturallylearnedtobecomefearfulandtense.

1.InthelastsentenceofParagraph1,"ourparticularcreature"refersto（）.

2.Fearcanbeausefulemotiontousbecauseitcan（）.

3.Fearbecomesaproblemonlywhen（）.

4.Differentresponsesofnewborninfantstoaloudlyslammeddoorimplythat（）.

5.Psychologistshavefoundthatourlaterfearsaredeterminedlargelybyour（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fearofsomething

B.afiercebeast

C.physicalpain

D.publicridicule

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.stimulatemanyphysicalchangeswithinourbody

B.quickenourheartbeatandresponses

C.pourlargequantitiesofadrenalineintoourbloodstream

D.helpusrespondquicklytodangerandprotectourselves

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thedangeristhoughtgreaterthanitreallyis

B.thedangerismorepsychologicalthanphysical

C.onecannotstandthedanger

D.oneisnotwellpreparedforit

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.somepeopleareinherentlymoreeasilyaffectedbydanger

B.people'sresponsetostimuliisnotaninheritedfeature

C.somepeopleseemtobeverysensitivetonoise

D.peoplesometimesseemtoturnadeafeartonoise

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.homeeducation

B.schooleducation

C.parents'lifestyle

D.earlyexperiences

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)上文提到的，恐懼對(duì)每個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)幾乎都是一個(gè)問(wèn)題，每個(gè)人害怕的事物不一樣，所以這里提到的我們這些特殊的生物是指對(duì)某種事物感到害怕。選項(xiàng)A正確，選項(xiàng)B,C,D都是指某一類(lèi)人害怕的東西，不能以偏概全，所以錯(cuò)誤。

2.根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，恐懼是一種有用的情感是因?yàn)樗軒椭覀兠鎸?duì)危險(xiǎn)時(shí)快速做出反應(yīng)并自我保護(hù)。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。其他選項(xiàng)都只涉及生理反應(yīng)而忽略了心理反應(yīng)，太片面。

3.根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“Itisonlywhenfearisdisproportionaltothedangerathandthatitbecomesaproblem.”只有當(dāng)恐懼與眼前的危險(xiǎn)不成比例時(shí)，它才會(huì)成為一個(gè)問(wèn)題。也就是說(shuō)，當(dāng)危險(xiǎn)被認(rèn)為比實(shí)際上更大時(shí)，恐懼就會(huì)成為一個(gè)問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.根據(jù)第三段第一句“Somepeoplearesimplymorevulnerabletofearthanothers.”有些人只是比其他人更容易受到恐懼的影響。以及第三段的最后一句“Frombirth,heorsheismorepronetolearnfearfulresponsesbecauseheorshehasinheritedatendencytobemoresensitive.”從出生開(kāi)始，他或她更容易學(xué)習(xí)恐懼的反應(yīng)，因?yàn)樗蛩z傳了一種更敏感的傾向。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

5.根據(jù)第四段的第一句“psychologistsknowthatourearlyexperiencesandrelationshipsstronglyshapeanddetermineourlaterfears.”可知選項(xiàng)D正確。

14.單選題

OneoftheprincipalthemesofWalzer’scritiqueofliberalcapitalismisthatitisinsufficientlyegalitarian.Walzer’scaseagainsttheeconomicinequalitygeneratedbycapitalismandinfavorof“aradicalredistributionofwealth”ispresentedinawidelycitedessayentitled“InDefenseofEquality”.

ThemoststrikingfeatureofWalzer’scritiqueisthat,farfromrejectingtheprincipleofrewardaccordingtomerit,Walzerinsistsonitsvalidity.Peoplewhoexcelshouldreceivethesuperiorbenefitsappropriatetotheirexcellence.Butpeopleexhibitagreatvarietyofqualities—“intelligence,physicalstrength,agilityandgrace,artisticcreativity,mechanicalskill,leadership,endurance,memory,psychologicalinsight,thecapacityforhardwork—evenmoralstrength,sensitivity,theabilitytoexpresscompassion”.Eachdeservesitsproperrecompense,andhenceaproperdistributionofmaterialgoodsshouldreflecthumandifferencesasmeasuredonallthesedifferentscales.Yet,undercapitalism,theabilitytomakemoney(“thegreenthumbofbourgeoissociety”)enablesitspossessortoacquirealmost“everyothersortofsocialgood”,suchastherespectandesteemofothers.

ThecenterpieceofWalzer’sargumentistheinvocationofaquotationfromPascal’sPensees,whichconcludes:“Tyrannyisthewishtoobtainbyonemeanswhatcanonlybehadbyanother.”P(pán)ascalbelievesthatweowedifferentdutiestodifferentqualities.Sowemightsaythatinfatuationistheproperresponsetocharm,andawetheproperresponsetostrength.Inthislight,Walzercharacterizescapitalismasthetyrannyofmoney(oroftheabilitytomakeit).AndWalzeradvocatesasthemeansofeliminatingthistyrannyandofrestoringgenuineequality“theabolitionofthepowerofmoneyoutsideitssphere”.WhatWalzerenvisionsisasocietyinwhichwealthisnolongerconvertibleintosocialgoodswithwhichithasnointrinsicconnection.

Walzer’sargumentisapuzzlingone.Afterall,whyshouldthosequalitiesunrelatedtotheproductionofmaterialgoodsberewardedwithmaterialgoods?Isitnottyrannical,inPascal’ssense,toinsistthatthosewhoexcelin“sensitivity”or“theabilitytoexpresscompassion”meritequalwealthwiththosewhoexcelinqualities(suchas“thecapacityforhardwork”)essentialinproducingwealth?YetWalzer’sargument,howeverdeficient,doespointtooneofthemostseriousweaknessesofcapitalism—namely,thatitbringstopredominantpositionsinasocietypeoplewho,nomatterhowlegitimatelytheyhaveearnedtheirmaterialrewards,oftenlackthoseotherqualitiesthatevokeaffectionoradmiration.Someevenargueplausiblythatthisweaknessmaybeirremediable:inanysocietythat,likeacapitalistsociety,seekstobecomeeverwealthierinmaterialtermsdisproportionaterewardsareboundtoflowtothepeoplewhoareinstrumentalinproducingtheincreaseinitswealth.

16.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto________.

17.TheauthormentionsallofthefollowingasissuesaddressedbyWalzerEXCEPT________.

18.Thepassageprovidessufficientinformationtoanswerwhichofthefollowingquestions?

19.TheauthorimpliesthatWalzer’sinterpretationoftheprincipleofrewardaccordingtomeritisdistinctiveforits________.

20.Theauthorimpliesthatsensitivityisnotaqualitythat________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.arguethatWalzer’scritiqueofliberalcapitalismisthecornerstoneofWalzer’sthinking

B.presentmoreclearlythandoestheessay“InDefenseofEquality”thedistinctivefeaturesofWalzer’spolitico-economictheories

C.demonstratethatWalzer’scritiqueofliberalcapitalismisneitheroriginalnorpersuasive

D.outlineandtoexaminecriticallyWalzer’spositiononeconomicequality

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.properrecompenseforindividualexcellence

B.properinterpretationof“economicequality”

C.properlevelofasociety’swealth

D.groundsforcallingcapitalism“thetyrannyofmoney”

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Whatweightinrelationtootherqualitiesshouldaqualitylikesensitivityhave,accordingtoWalzer,indeterminingtheproperdistributionofgoods?

B.WhichqualitydoesWalzerdeemtoohighlyvaluedunderliberalcapitalism?

C.Whicharethesocialgoodsthatare,accordingtoWalzer,outsidethereachofthepowerofmoney?

D.WhatdeficienciesinWalzer’sownargumentdoesWalzeracknowledge?

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.insistenceonmaximizingeveryone’srewards

B.emphasisonequality

C.provenvalidity

D.broadconceptionofwhatconstitutesmerit

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.isessentialinproducingwealth

B.wealthypeoplelack

C.canbesensiblymeasuredonascale

D.characterizestyrannicalpeople

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】16.作者意圖題。根據(jù)第一段第一句OneoftheprincipalthemesofWalzer’scritiqueofliberalcapitalismisthatitisinsufficientlyegalitarian.（沃爾澤批評(píng)自由資本主義的一個(gè)主要主題是，它不夠平等）和第二句Walzer’scaseagainsttheeconomicinequalitygeneratedbycapitalismandinfavorof“aradicalredistributionofwealth”（沃爾澤反對(duì)資本主義產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)濟(jì)不平等，支持“激進(jìn)的財(cái)富再分配”），結(jié)合下文對(duì)這觀點(diǎn)的具體闡述，可知本文的目的是D選項(xiàng)“概述并批判性地審視沃爾澤在經(jīng)濟(jì)平等上的立場(chǎng)”。A選項(xiàng)：“證明沃爾澤對(duì)自由資本主義的批判是他思想的基石”，文章的重點(diǎn)不在沃爾澤的理論基礎(chǔ)，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“比《為平等辯護(hù)》這篇文章更清楚地呈現(xiàn)了沃爾澤的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)理論的鮮明特征”；C選項(xiàng)“證明沃爾澤對(duì)自由資本主義的批評(píng)既非原創(chuàng)也不具說(shuō)服力”這只是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

17.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)個(gè)人卓越品質(zhì)的適當(dāng)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)”：根據(jù)第二段第二句Peoplewhoexcelshouldreceivethesuperiorbenefitsappropriatetotheirexcellence.（卓越的人應(yīng)該得到與其卓越相稱(chēng)的卓越利益。），可知A選項(xiàng)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“正確解釋‘經(jīng)濟(jì)平等’”：根據(jù)第一段第二句Walzer’scaseagainsttheeconomicinequalitygeneratedbycapitalism（沃爾澤反對(duì)資本主義產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)濟(jì)不平等），可知B選項(xiàng)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“稱(chēng)資本主義為‘金錢(qián)暴政’的理由”：根據(jù)第三段第四句Inthislight,Walzercharacterizescapitalismasthetyrannyofmoney（據(jù)此，沃爾澤將資本主義描述為對(duì)于金錢(qián)的暴政。），可知D選項(xiàng)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)財(cái)富的適當(dāng)水平”文章沒(méi)有提到，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

18.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句Yet,undercapitalism,theabilitytomakemoneyenablesitspossessortoacquirealmost“everyothersortofsocialgood”,suchastherespectandesteemofothers.（然而，在資本主義制度下，賺錢(qián)的能力使其擁有者能夠獲得幾乎所有其他種類(lèi)的社會(huì)福利，比如他人的敬意和尊重。），可知沃爾澤認(rèn)為賺錢(qián)的能力在資本主義制度中被高估了，隨后在后文闡述具體的情況，所以B選項(xiàng)“沃爾澤認(rèn)為在自由資本主義下什么品質(zhì)被高估了？”正確。A選項(xiàng)“沃爾澤認(rèn)為，在決定商品的合理分配時(shí)，像敏感性這樣的品質(zhì)與其他品質(zhì)相比應(yīng)該有多大的權(quán)重？”：根據(jù)第四段第三句Isitnottyrannical,inPascal’ssense,toinsistthatthosewhoexcelin“sensitivity”or“theabilitytoexpresscompassion”meritequalwealthwiththosewhoexcelinqualities(suchas“thecapacityforhardwork”)essentialinproducingwealth?（如果堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，那些擅長(zhǎng)于“敏感”或“表達(dá)同情的能力”的人，應(yīng)獲得與那些擅長(zhǎng)于對(duì)創(chuàng)造財(cái)富至關(guān)重要的品質(zhì)（如“努力工作的能力”）的人同等的財(cái)富，按帕斯卡爾的意思，這難道不是專(zhuān)制暴政嗎？），這里只是點(diǎn)出敏感的品質(zhì)不應(yīng)該和其他品質(zhì)獲得相同等的財(cái)富，沒(méi)有點(diǎn)出應(yīng)該占的比重，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“根據(jù)沃爾澤的觀點(diǎn)，哪些社會(huì)商品是金錢(qián)所不能觸及的？”：根據(jù)第三段第五句AndWalzeradvocatesasthemeansofeliminatingthistyrannyandofrestoringgenuineequality“theabolitionofthepowerofmoneyoutsideitssphere”.（沃爾澤主張，要消除這種暴政，恢復(fù)真正的平等，就必須“在金錢(qián)的范圍之外廢除金錢(qián)的力量”。），這里講的是怎樣消除暴政，而不是金錢(qián)不能觸及哪些社會(huì)商品，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“沃爾澤承認(rèn)自己的論點(diǎn)有哪些不足之處？”：根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二句YetWalzer’sargument,howeverdeficient,doespointtooneofthemostseriousweaknessesofcapitalism（然則，沃爾澤的論點(diǎn)，無(wú)論它不充分到何種地步，確實(shí)指出了資本主義體制中最嚴(yán)重的一個(gè)弱點(diǎn)），這里講的是資本主義制度的弱點(diǎn)，而不是沃爾澤論點(diǎn)的不足之處，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

19.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段第三、四句Butpeopleexhibitagreatvarietyofqualities…Eachdeservesitsproperrecompense,andhenceaproperdistributionofmaterialgoodsshouldreflecthumandifferencesasmeasuredonallthesedifferentscales.（但人們表現(xiàn)出各種各樣的品質(zhì)……每一種都應(yīng)得到適當(dāng)?shù)幕貓?bào)，因此，物質(zhì)財(cái)富的合理分配應(yīng)反映出在這些不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下的個(gè)人差異。），沃爾澤和其他人不一樣的地方在于對(duì)價(jià)值的定義更廣泛，所以D選項(xiàng)“什么是功績(jī)的廣義概念”正確。A選項(xiàng)“堅(jiān)持每個(gè)人的回報(bào)最大化”：文章只是提到合理的回報(bào)，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)平等”：不是解釋價(jià)值的概念中強(qiáng)調(diào)的，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“證明有效性”：是普遍同意的觀點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

20.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段第三句Isitnottyrannical…toinsistthatthosewhoexcelin“sensitivity”or“theabilitytoexpresscompassion”meritequalwealthwiththosewhoexcelinqualitiesessentialinproducingwealth?（如果堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，那些擅長(zhǎng)于“敏感”或“表達(dá)同情的能力”的人，應(yīng)獲得與那些擅長(zhǎng)于對(duì)創(chuàng)造財(cái)富至關(guān)重要的品質(zhì)的人同等的財(cái)富，這難道不是專(zhuān)制暴政嗎？），可知作者認(rèn)為其他品質(zhì)也能創(chuàng)造財(cái)富，所以A選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造財(cái)富的必要條件”正確。B選項(xiàng)“有錢(qián)人缺少的品質(zhì)”，C選項(xiàng)“可以用刻度明確地測(cè)量”和D選項(xiàng)“專(zhuān)橫之人的特點(diǎn)”沒(méi)有提到，不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Defendersofspecialprotectivelaborlegislationforwomenoftenmaintainthateliminatingsuchlawswoulddestroythefruitsofacentury-longstrugglefortheprotectionofwomenworks.Evenabriefexaminationofthehistoricpracticeofcourtsandemployerswouldshowthatthefruitofsuchlawshasbeenbitter:theyare,inpractice,moreofacursethanablessing.

Sex-definedprotectivelawshaveoftenbeenbasedonstereotypicalassumptionsconcerningwomen’sneedsandabilities,andemployershavefrequentlyusedthemaslegalexcusesfordiscriminatingagainstwomen.AftertheSecondWorldWar,forexample,businessesandgovernmentsoughttopersuadewomentovacatejobsinfactories,thusmakingroominthelaborforceforreturningveterans.Therevivalorpassageofstatelawslimitingthedailyorweeklyworkhoursofwomenconvenientlyaccomplishedthis.Employershadonlytodeclarethatovertimehourswereanecessaryconditionofemploymentorpromotionintheirfactory,andwomencouldbequitelegallyfired,refusedjobs,orkeptatlowwagelevels,allinthenameof“protecting”theirhealth.Byvalidatingsuchlawswhentheyarechallengedbylawsuits,thecourtshavecolludedovertheyearsinestablishingdifferent,lessadvantageousemploymenttermsforwomenthanformen,thusreducingwomen’scompetitivenessonthejobmarket.Atthesametime,eventhemostwell-intentionedlawmakers,courts,andemployershaveoftenbeenblindtotherealneedsofwomen.Thelawmakersandthecourtscontinuetopermitemployerstoofferemployeehealthinsuranceplansthatcoverallknownhumanmedicaldisabilitiesexceptthoserelatingtopregnancyandchildbirth.

Finally,laborlawsprotectingonlyspecialgroupsareoftenineffectiveatprotectingtheworkerswhoareactuallyintheworkplace.Somechemicals,forexample,posereproductiverisksforwomenofchildbearingyears;manufacturersusingthechemicalscomplywithlawsprotectingwomenagainstthesehazardsbyrefusingtohirethem.Thusthesex-definedlegislationprotectsthehypotheticalfemaleworker,buthasnoaffectedwhateveronthesafetyofanyactualemployee.Thehealthriskstomaleemployeesinsuchindustriescannotbenegligible,sincechemicalstoxicenoughtocausebirthdefectsinfetusesorsterilityinwomenarepresumablyharmfultothehumanmetabolism.Protectivelawsaimedatchangingproductionmaterialsortechniquesinordertoreducesuchhazardswouldbenefitallemployeeswithoutdiscriminatingagainstany.

Insum,protectivelaborlawsforwomenarediscriminatoryanddonotmeettheirintendedpurpose.Legislatorsshouldrecognizethatwomenareintheworkforcetostay,andthattheirneeds-goodhealthcare,adecentwage,andasafeworkplace-aretheneedsofallworkers.Lawsthatignorethesefactsviolatewomen’srightsforequalprotectioninemployment.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingresultedfromthepassageorrevivalofstatelawslimitingtheworkhoursofwomenworkers?.

2.Accordingtothefirstparagraphofthepassage,theauthorconsiderswhichofthefollowingtobemosthelpfulindeterminingthevalueofspecialprotectivelaborlegislationforwomen?

3.Themainpointofthepassageisthatspecialprotectivelaborlawsforwomenworkersare（

）.

4.Theauthorimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingischaracteristicofmanyemployeehealthinsuranceplans?

5.Accordingtothepassage,speciallaborlawsprotectingwomenworkerstendgenerallytohavewhichofthefollowingeffects?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Womenworkerswerecompelledtoleavetheirjobsinfactories.

B.Manyemployershaddifficultyinprovidingjobsforreturningveterans.

C.Manyemployersfoundithardtoattractwomenworkers.

D.Thehealthofmostwomenfactoryworkersimproved.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.comparativestudyofpatternsofwork-relatedillnessesinstatesthathadsuchlawsandinstatesthatdidnot.

B.Anestimateofhowmanywomenworkersareinfavorofsuchlaws.

C.Ananalysisofthecosttoemployersofcomplyingwithsuchlaws.

D.Anexaminationoftheactualeffectsthatsuchlawshavehadinthepastonwomenworkers.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.unnecessarybecausemostworkersarewellprotectedbyexistinglaborlaws.

B.harmfoltotheeconomicinterestsofwomenworkerswhileofferingthemlittleornoactualprotection.

C.notworthpreservingeventhoughtheydorepresentahard-wonlegacyofthelabormovement.

D.controversialbecausemaleworkersreceivelessprotectionthantheyrequire.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theycoverallthecommonmedicalconditionsaffectingmen,butonlysomeofthoseaffectingwomen.

B.Theylackthespecialprovisionsforwomenworkersthatproposedspeciallaborlawsforwomenwouldprovide.

C.Theypaythemedicalcostsassociatedwithpregnancyandchildbirthonlyforthespousesofmaleemployees,notforfemaleemployees.

D.Theymeetminimumlegalrequirements,butdonotadequatelysafeguardthehealthofeithermaleorfemaleemployees.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theytendtomodifythestereotypesemployeesoftenholdconcerningwomen.

B.Theyincreasetheadvantagetoemployersofhiringmeninsteadofwomen,makingitlesslikelythatwomenwillbehired.

C.Theydecreasethelikelihoodthatemployerswilloffermoreprotectiontowomenworkersthanthatwhichisabsolutelyrequiredbylaw.

D.Theyincreasethetendencyofemployerstodenyhealthinsuranceanddisabilityplanstowomenworkers.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段第三句，此句前一句便是本題答案。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段:Evenabriefexaminationofthehistoricpracticeofcourtsandemployerswouldshowthatthefruitofsuchlawshasbeenbitter:theyare,inpractice,moreofacursethanablessing(即使簡(jiǎn)短回顧法院和雇主的以往做法，這些法律的成果也似乎是苦澀的：實(shí)際上，它們更多的是一種詛咒，而不是好事)。

3.主旨大意題。A、D可以排除。文章第一段提到，特別保護(hù)婦女的勞動(dòng)法是經(jīng)過(guò)一個(gè)世紀(jì)的斗爭(zhēng)獲得的，但是只要稍微審視一下過(guò)去就能發(fā)現(xiàn)這些法律與其說(shuō)是一件好事，不如說(shuō)是一種災(zāi)禍。這是C項(xiàng)的意思，但是下文都在證明的最后一段第一句話(huà)：protectivelaborlawsforwomenarediscriminatoryanddonotmeettheirintendedpurpose,即這些法律使婦女失去工作、遭受了經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的損失，但并未對(duì)婦女提供太多的保護(hù)，B選項(xiàng)概括全文大意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞employeehealthinsuranceplans定位至第二段最后一句,由此推測(cè)A項(xiàng)(它們涵蓋了所有影響男性的常見(jiàn)醫(yī)療狀況，但僅包括一些影響女性的情況)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)題。作者認(rèn)為，正是因?yàn)橛辛诉@些特殊的針對(duì)婦女的勞動(dòng)法，用人單位才能堂而皇之地以婦女不適合相關(guān)的工作為由，不再雇傭婦女。最后一句也說(shuō)“立法者們應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)識(shí)到婦女應(yīng)當(dāng)保留在勞動(dòng)力中...”因此B項(xiàng)(他們?cè)黾恿斯椭鞴蛡蚰行远皇桥缘膬?yōu)勢(shì)，從而減少了雇傭女性的可能性)正確。

16.寫(xiě)作題

Writeanessayofabout300wordsonthetopic''PersonalQualitiesandValuesinMyViewaccordingtotheideagivenbelowandoutlineedinChinese.

一個(gè)人的素養(yǎng)和價(jià)值是人生奮斗中發(fā)展和積累起來(lái)的一對(duì)因子。前者決定著你融入社會(huì)的個(gè)體形態(tài)：諸如品行、學(xué)識(shí)、待人和處世的品味和方式；價(jià)值取決于你對(duì)社會(huì)產(chǎn)生的影響和貢獻(xiàn)，有隱性的受人尊重和愛(ài)戴，有顯性的成就和地位。請(qǐng)你從自己的感受和體驗(yàn)談?wù)勀銓?duì)這對(duì)人生因子的評(píng)價(jià)和想法，也設(shè)想一下四十年后你會(huì)對(duì)自己的評(píng)價(jià)和總結(jié)。

【答案】

略17.單選題

______conflictamongcity-statescausedtheeventualdeclineofGreekcivilization.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Continuous

B.Continual

C.Constant

D.Contrary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。continuous“連續(xù)的，持續(xù)的”，中間沒(méi)有間斷；continual“持續(xù)不斷的；頻繁的”，中間可能有間斷；constant“不變的；恒定的；經(jīng)常的”；contrary“相反的，對(duì)立的”。句意：城邦之間持續(xù)不斷的沖突最終導(dǎo)致了希臘文明的衰落。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

18.單選題

Theteacherlaidalotof____onpractice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attention

B.focus

C.emphasis

D.word

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.attention注意B.focus關(guān)注

C.emphasis強(qiáng)調(diào)D.word詞語(yǔ)

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配

【解題思路】結(jié)合選項(xiàng)推測(cè)，原句語(yǔ)義為“這個(gè)老師非常重視實(shí)踐”，原文使用的表達(dá)為laidalotof____on。C選項(xiàng)emphasis“強(qiáng)調(diào)”符合搭配要求，其常用搭配為put/lay/placeemphasisonsth.“強(qiáng)調(diào)/重視某事”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)attention“注意”，常用搭配為pay/draw/attractattentionto，不符合原句搭配；

B選項(xiàng)focus“關(guān)注”，常用搭配為thefocusof/onsth.，不符合原句搭配；

D選項(xiàng)word“詞語(yǔ)”，不用于原文搭配。

【句意】這個(gè)老師非常重視實(shí)踐。

19.單選題

Theauthoritiesclaimthattherateofcrimeisdeclining,butstatisticsshow______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.clockwise

B.otherwise

C.elsewhere

D.likewise

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)clockwise“順時(shí)針?lè)较虻亍?；B選項(xiàng)otherwise“另外，否則”；C選項(xiàng)elsewhere“在別處；到別處”；D選項(xiàng)likewise“同樣地；也”。句意：當(dāng)局聲稱(chēng)犯罪率正在下降，但數(shù)據(jù)卻沒(méi)顯示……。根據(jù)but可知，句型表示轉(zhuǎn)折，只有選項(xiàng)B表示轉(zhuǎn)折，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

20.填空題

I（1）tospeakRussianfluently,butthat’snottruenow.Infact,Icanno（2）carry

onevenasimpleconversationinthelanguage.I（3）beabletogetbackmyformerfluencyifIstayedinRussiafora（4）months.

句意:過(guò)去我能很流利地講俄語(yǔ)，但是現(xiàn)在不能了。實(shí)際上，我現(xiàn)在甚至連簡(jiǎn)單的俄語(yǔ)對(duì)話(huà)都進(jìn)行不了。如果能在俄國(guó)待幾個(gè)月，我想自己應(yīng)該可以再次流利地說(shuō)俄語(yǔ)。

【答案】1.used

2.longer

3.should

4.few

【解析】1.固定搭配。Usedto過(guò)去常常。

2.固定搭配。Nolonger再也不能。

3.語(yǔ)法題。考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。這里用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should。

4.固定搭配。Afewmonths幾個(gè)月。

21.單選題

Sheworkedhardathertaskbeforeshefeltsurethattheresultswould（

）herlongeffort.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.justify

B.estify

C.rectify

D.verify

【答案】A

【解析】justify證明……是正當(dāng)?shù)?有理由的，替……辯護(hù)；testify作證，證明，證實(shí)；rectify改正，精餾，整流；verify核實(shí)，查證。句意：在確信結(jié)果會(huì)證明她的長(zhǎng)期努力是值得的之前，她努力工作了。選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。

22.單選題

Althoughthefalsebanknotesfooledmanypeople,theydidnot______closeexamination.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.faceupto

B.makeupto

C.standupto

D.lookupto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)faceupto“勇敢地面對(duì)”，B項(xiàng)mak