(新高考)高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)精煉 必修第一冊(cè)　Unit 4　Natural Disasters (含詳解)

必修第一冊(cè)Unit4NaturalDisasters閱讀·提速練Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2021·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江八校聯(lián)考)AnsweringtheCommunityNeedsofOurCityTheSilverCityCouncilrecognizesthatcitizenshavecertainneeds.Tobettermeetyourneeds，wehavemadeseveralchangestocommunityfacilitiesin2014.Thefollowingshowhowwehavetriedtomakeyourlifebetter.Transport☆Threestationsforthesuburbshavebeenaddedtothewesterntrainservice.☆20newbusesforthesouthernlinewerepurchasedinJanuary.☆50percentofcitybus-stopshavebeenupgraded.Communication☆Broadbandcableisnowavailabletoallpartsofthecity.☆A(yù)llofthenewGovernmentbuildingsaresmart-wiredforbettercomputerservice!MedicalFacilities☆Thenewstate-of-the-artNightingaleHospitalwasopenedinJune.☆ToovercomeashortageoftrainedmedicalstaffatDoverHospital,10doctorshavebeenemployedfromoverseas.☆SomefacilitiesatStationStreetHospitalhavebeenupgraded.Education☆Textbookswillbefreetoallprimarystudentsin2014!☆Rentalforprivateschoolshasbeenreduced.ProtectionandSecurity☆Extrapolicenowpatrol(巡邏)thetouristareas.☆50newpoliceofficersgraduatedinJulyandhavetakenupdutiesinthecityarea.Entertainment/Recreation☆ThenewCentralCommunityBuildingopenedinMay.☆5,000newfictionbookswereboughtfortheSilverCityLibrary.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了銀城議會(huì)為了滿足市民的需求所做的一些改進(jìn)措施，主要涉及交通、通信、醫(yī)療、教育、安全保障和娛樂(lè)等方面。1．What’sthenoticemainlyabout?A．TheworkcarriedoutbythepeopleofSilverCity.B．ThefacilitiesavailableinSilverCity.C．SomeimprovementsinSilverCity.D．Informationforinterestedtourists.答案C解析主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，通告主要是銀城議會(huì)為了滿足市民的需求所做的一些改進(jìn)措施，主要涉及交通、通信、醫(yī)療、教育、安全保障和娛樂(lè)等方面。故選C。2．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Travelbooksareprovidedinthenewlibrary.B．MorebuslinesandstopsareboughtinSilverCity.C．FreemedicaltreatmentisavailableatStationStreetHospital.D．Therearemorepoliceofficersondutynow.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ProtectionandSecurity中的“Extrapolicenowpatrol(巡邏)thetouristareas.”和“50newpoliceofficersgraduatedinJulyandhavetakenupdutiesinthecityarea.”可知，現(xiàn)在有更多的警察值勤。故選D。3．Thepublicnoticeisfrom.A．thecommunityB．thelocalgovernmentC．theSilverCityLibraryD．a(chǎn)travelagency答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，本通告主要是銀城議會(huì)為了滿足市民的需求所做的一些改進(jìn)措施，主要涉及交通、通信、醫(yī)療、教育、安全保障和娛樂(lè)等方面。這些措施只有當(dāng)?shù)氐恼拍鼙Ｕ蠈?shí)施。故選B。B(2021·百師聯(lián)盟聯(lián)考)Cultureshockisabroadtermfortheseriesofpersonaldifficultiesthatpeoplegothroughinnewplaces.It’susuallymostextremeforthosewhocan’tspeakthelanguageoftheplacetheyhavemovedto，orforthosewhoaren’tfamiliarwiththesocialrules.BothofthesethingsappliedtomeinChinawhenImovedtherein2011.So，naturally，Iwentthroughthefourwell-knownstagesofcultureshock：honeymoon，distress(痛苦)，re-integration(重新融入)andautonomy(獨(dú)立自主)．WhenIarrived，Iwasexcitedandoptimistic，butIquicklybecameirritated(惱火的)byculturaldifferences，missinghowthingsworkedbackhome.Bytheendofmyfirstyear，Ihadtotallylostmyself-confidence;Iwasabitter，clumsyandsensitiveperson，andIblamedChinaformakingmethatway.Then，inmysecondyear，Istartedtopickupsomelanguageskills，andIfoundfunactivitiestodoinmysparetime.ImadegreatforeignandChinesefriends，andIdevelopedaninterestinChinesehistoryandculture.Ilearnedtoconsidermyselfaconfidentandhappylaowai.TodayI’mbackintheUS，whereI’mpursuingaPhDatauniversityinmyhometown.It’sbeenalittletoughtoreadjusttolifeinmyhomecountry.Isufferedatfirstfrom“reverse”cultureshock，experiencingthefourstagesintheoppositeorder.Istartedoutfeelingindependentandself-confident，beforeslowlyrealizingthatIknewmycountrymuchlesswellthanIusedto.I’dcomplainloudlyaboutlittlethings，likehowIcouldnolongershout“fuwuyuan！”togetawaiter’sattentioninarestaurant.Buteventually，IcametorealizethatwhatIhadthoughtwasthatmy“home”hadbecomeanentirelynewplacewhileI’dbeenaway.That，byitself，wasexciting.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是夾敘夾議文。文章講述了作者在中國(guó)期間經(jīng)歷的文化沖擊的四個(gè)階段：蜜月、痛苦、重新融入和獨(dú)立自主。回到美國(guó)后，作者又經(jīng)歷了“反向”文化沖擊。4．WhichofthefollowingleasthelpedtheauthoreasehiscultureshockinChina?A．BylearningtheChineselanguage.B．Bymakinglocalfriends.C．Byjoininginfunactivities.D．Byattendinghistorycourses.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的內(nèi)容可知，學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)、結(jié)交當(dāng)?shù)氐呐笥?、參加有趣的活?dòng)，能幫助作者緩解他在中國(guó)的文化沖擊，讓他漸漸對(duì)中國(guó)歷史和文化產(chǎn)生興趣。文章中沒(méi)有提到上歷史課。故選D項(xiàng)。5．WhichstageofcultureshockdoesParagraph4mainlydescribe?A．Distress. B．Honeymoon.C．Re-integration. D．Autonomy.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知，作者已經(jīng)完全失去了自信，覺(jué)得自己是一個(gè)尖刻、笨拙、敏感的人，并且責(zé)怪是中國(guó)使他變成那個(gè)樣子。由此可見(jiàn)，該段描述的是作者處于文化沖擊四個(gè)階段中的“distress(痛苦)”這一階段。故選A項(xiàng)。6．Whatdoestheword“reverse”meaninParagraph7?A．Exchangetheposition.B．Stophavingaparticularposition.C．Changetheorderofsomethingaround.D．Changethepreviousdecision.答案A解析詞義猜測(cè)題。畫(huà)線詞后面提到“experiencingthefourstagesintheoppositeorder(以相反的順序經(jīng)歷這四個(gè)階段)”由此可以猜測(cè)，reverse意思為“反向的，逆向的”。故選A項(xiàng)。7．WhentheauthorwentbacktotheUS，whatdidhedo?A．Hemovedtoanewplacewithhisfamily.B．Hefeltrelaxedinamorefamiliarculture.C．HemissedhislifeinChinaverymuch.D．Hefounditdifficulttoadapttolifethere.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“It’sbeenalittletoughtoreadjusttolifeinmyhomecountry.”可知，當(dāng)作者回到美國(guó)時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)很難重新適應(yīng)那里的生活。故選D項(xiàng)。C(2021·八省聯(lián)考)Inmyeverydaylife,Iamonanongoingjourneytofigureoutdifferentwaystoreducemycarbonfootprintontheplanet.Acarbonfootprintisthemeasureofinfluenceouractivitieshaveontheenvironment,inparticularclimatechange.Itiscalculatedbytheamountofgreenhousegasweproduceinourdailylives.Fortunately,nowadaysitismucheasiertomakeeco-friendlylifestylechoicesthan,let’ssay,20yearsago.Butonequestionhasbeenonmymindalotlately：isitbettertobuyneweco-friendlyproductsorusedtraditionallyproducedgoods?Afterdoingsomeresearch,Ihavedecidedthatsomethingsarebetternewandothersarebetterused.Letmetrytoexplain.Acarbonfootprintismadeupoftwoparts,theprimaryfootprintandthesecondaryfootprint.Theprimaryfootprintisameasureofourdirectemissions(排放)ofcarbondioxide(CO2)fromtheburningoffuels,includinghouseholdenergyconsumptionandtransportation.ThesecondaryfootprintisameasureoftheindirectCO2emissionsfromthewholelifecycleofproductsweuse—thoserelatedtotheirproductionandbreakdown.Basedonthisunderstanding,wehaveagooddealofcontrolandresponsibilityoverourcarbonfootprint.Thingslikedishes,clothesandfurniturefallintothe“secondaryfootprint”group,solessismoreandwecanfocusonfindingusedgoodstoavoidtheaddedproduction.However,forthecarandtheotherappliances(設(shè)備)thatweneedwecangowithnew,energy-savingmodels.Iheardsomewherethatelectronicsandappliancesgiveoff90%oftheircarbonfootprintaftertheyleavethefactory.Soitseemsmostreasonabletogofortheenergy-savingmodels.Themainconcernhereistheamountofenergythatgoesintothemakingofnewproductsandwhetherornotthatextracarbonisworththefootprinttheproductwillmakeonceitgetstoyou.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。作者一直在努力減少生活中的碳足跡，但是新型環(huán)保產(chǎn)品和使用過(guò)的傳統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品，哪一種更能減少碳足跡呢？作者通過(guò)研究和對(duì)比給我們找到了答案：它們各有千秋。8．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Whatappliancestobuytosaveenergy.B．Whatacarbonfootprintmeansinourlife.C．Howtoidentifydifferentcarbonfootprints.D．Howtomakeeco-friendlylifestylechoices.答案D解析主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“Fortunately，nowadaysitismucheasiertomakeeco-friendlylifestylechoices”以及困擾作者的一個(gè)問(wèn)題“isitbettertobuyneweco-friendlyproductsorusedtraditionallyproducedgoods？”再根據(jù)第二段一整段的內(nèi)容可知，文章主要是關(guān)于怎樣選擇更環(huán)保的生活方式的。故選D。9．Whatdoweknowaboutthesecondarycarbonfootprint?A．Itisrelatedtoourconsumptionoffuels.B．Itismadewhenwearebuyingtheproducts.C．Itislessharmfulthantheprimarycarbonfootprint.D．Itiscountedasoursthoughnotdirectlymadebyus.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thesecondaryfootprintis...theirproductionandbreakdown.”可知，第二類型的碳足跡雖然不是我們直接產(chǎn)生的，但是也是我們使用的產(chǎn)品釋放出來(lái)的，也是要?dú)w結(jié)到我們身上的。故選D。10．Whichofthefollowinghelpsreduceourcarbonfootprintaccordingtotheauthor?A．Usingsecond-handtextbooks.B．Usingoldandexpensivecars.C．Buyingnewbutcheapclothes.D．Buyingnewwoodenfurniture.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Thingslikedishes...toavoidtheaddedproduction.”可知，盤子、衣服和家具這樣的物品屬于“第二類型的碳足跡”，所以是越少越好，我們應(yīng)該注重尋找用過(guò)的物品來(lái)避免額外的生產(chǎn)。二手書(shū)是屬于和衣服等可以二次使用的物品，符合題意。故選A。11．“Thefootprint”underlinedinthelastsentencereferstotheCO2producedin.A．usingtheproductB．recyclingtheproductC．makingtheproductD．transportingtheproduct答案A解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段畫(huà)線詞所在句可知，footprint在其后定語(yǔ)從句“theproductwillmakeonceitgetstoyou”中充當(dāng)make的賓語(yǔ)，意思是“這種碳足跡就是產(chǎn)品到你手里之后，你使用中所產(chǎn)生的”。由此推知，畫(huà)線詞組thefootprint指的是“產(chǎn)品使用過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳”。故選A。D(2021·湖北三校聯(lián)考)Machinesmightonedayreplacehumanlaborersinanumberofprofessions，butsurelytheywon’teverreplacehumanartists.Right?Thinkagain.Notevenwillourartistsbesafefromtheinevitablemachinetakeover，ifanewdevelopmentinartificialintelligence(AI)byateamofresearchersfromRutgersUniversityandFacebook’sAIlaboffersaclueofwhat’stocome.TheyhavedesignedanAIcapableofnotonlyproducingart，butactuallyinventingwholenewaesthetic(美學(xué)的)stylessimilartomovementslikeimpressionismorabstractexpressionism.Theidea，accordingtoresearcherMarianMazzone，istomakeartthatis“novel，butnottoonovel”．Themodelusedinthisprojectinvolvesageneratornetwork，whichproducestheimages，andadiscriminatornetwork，which“judges”whetherit’sart.Oncethegeneratorlearnshowtoproduceworkthatthedistributorrecognizesasart，it’sgivenanadditionalinstruction：toproduceartthatdoesn’tmatchanyknownaestheticstyles.“Youwanttohavesomethingreallycreativeandstriking—butatthesametimenottogotoofarandmakesomethingthatisn’taestheticallypleasing，”explainedAhmedElgammal.Theartthatwasgeneratedbythesystemwasthenpresentedtohumanjudgesalongsidehuman-producedartwithoutshowingwhichwaswhich.Totheresearchers’surprise，themachine-madeartscoredslightlyhigheroverallthanthehuman-producedart.Ofcourse，machinescan’tyetreplacethemeaningconveyedinworksbyhumanartists，butthisprojectshowsthatartistskillsetscertainlyseemreproduciblebymachines.Whatwillittakeformachinestoproducecontentwithmeaning?ThatmightbethelastAIfrontier.Humanartistscanatleasthangtheirhatsinthatfieldfornow.“Imaginehavingpeopleoverforadinnerpartyandtheyask，‘Whoisthatby？’Andyousay，‘Well，it’samachineactually.’Thatwouldbeaninterestingconversationstarter，”saidKevinWalker.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講了人工智能不僅可以復(fù)制藝術(shù)家的繪畫(huà)技巧，而且能創(chuàng)造新的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格。12．Whatisimpliedinthesecondparagraph?A．Artistswon’tbereplacedbyAI.B．AIcanproducenewstylesofart.C．AIistotallyatalossaboutimpressionism.D．AIfailstoreflectabstractexpressionism.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“TheyhavedesignedanAIcapableofnotonlyproducingart，butactuallyinventingwholenewaesthetic(美學(xué)的)stylessimilartomovementslikeimpressionismorabstractexpressionism.”可知，第二段暗含的意思是人工智能能夠創(chuàng)造新的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格。13．WhatdidMarianfindinhisstudy?A．AIcanpleasehumanjudgeswithitsart.B．AIcancombinecontentwithmeaning.C．AIcanmakeartaestheticallyunpleasant.D．AIcancreatehighqualityarts.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容可知，Marian發(fā)現(xiàn)人工智能可以創(chuàng)造高水平的藝術(shù)品，所以選D。14．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“hangtheirhats”mean?A．Discover. B．Hold.C．Struggle. D．Appear.答案B解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，對(duì)于機(jī)器來(lái)說(shuō)，還需要什么才能生產(chǎn)出有內(nèi)涵的東西呢？那可能是人工智能最后的未涉及的地方。人類畫(huà)家至少能夠現(xiàn)在待在那里。hangone’shat意為“住在”，引申為“堅(jiān)守，堅(jiān)持”，所以和hold意思吻合。15．WhatKevinsaidinthelastparagraphtellsusthat.A．sheusesmachinestocookforapartyB．shelikestojoininadinnerpartyC．sheexpectsthearrivalofAID．shecaresaboutthestarterofachat答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可推知，她期待人工智能的到來(lái)。Ⅱ.七選五(2021·廣東調(diào)研)TakingITandAItothePeoplePuttingasideemploymentprospects(就業(yè)前景)andtheexpectationsofmyparents，themajorI’dmostliketostudyiscomputerscience.1First，IhavebeeninterestedincomputerssinceIwasachild.Ilikeplayinggamesanddrawingandeditingpicturesusingcomputersoftware，soIthinkthatacomputersciencemajorwouldallowmetobuildonthisinterest.Second，IhavefoundthatIturntotheInternetwhenIhaveaproblemthatpeoplearoundmecan’thelpwith.It’sagoldmine(寶庫(kù))ofanswers.2Weusethenettoshop，chatwithfriendswholivefaraway，andbookticketsandhotelroomswhenwetravel.ThenetissowonderfullyconvenientthatIdoubtwhethermodernlifewouldbepossiblewithoutit.IfIdostudycomputerscienceandInternettechnology