考研考博-英語(yǔ)-周口職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-周口職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thiscan（）somethingthatthestudentsmaynothavecomprehendedinEnglish.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.signify

B.specify

C.clarify

D.testify

【答案】B

【解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析題。signify“表示；預(yù)示”；specify“指明；詳細(xì)說(shuō)明”；clarify“闡明”；testify“證明”，根據(jù)“學(xué)生們可能沒(méi)有理解的”可知此處應(yīng)該選用動(dòng)詞specify，表示“詳細(xì)的解釋?zhuān)f(shuō)明”，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。句意為：這個(gè)能詳細(xì)地解釋一些學(xué)生們可能沒(méi)有理解的英語(yǔ)問(wèn)題。

2.單選題

TheEverVictoriousArmyservedasan(a)（）tothepoorlyorganized,poorlytrained,andpoorlydisciplinedprovincialforcesofthegovernor.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.service

B.help

C.adjunct

D.extension

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)service“維修，檢修”；B選項(xiàng)help“幫助”；C選項(xiàng)adjunct“附屬的”；D選項(xiàng)extension“拓展”。adjunctto“附屬于，部下”，為固定搭配。helpto在這里不符合題干內(nèi)容，可排除。句意：常勝軍隊(duì)……組織欠妥、訓(xùn)練不足、紀(jì)律不嚴(yán)的政府地方部隊(duì)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Thereisnothinglikethesuggestionofacancerrisktoscareaparent,especiallyoneoftheover-educated,eco-conscioustypes.SoyoucanimaginethereactionwhenarecentUSATodayinvestigationofairqualityaroundthecanon’sschoolssingledoutthoseinthesmuglygreenvillageofBerkeley,Calif,asbeingamongtheworstinthecountry.Thecity’spublichighschool,aswellasanumberofdaycarecenter,preschools,elementaryandmiddleschools,fellinthelowest10%.Industrialpollutioninourtownhadsupposedlyturnedstudentsintolivingscienceexperimentbreathinginalaboratory’sworthofheavymetalslikemanganese,chromiumandnickeleachday.Thisisinacitythatrequiresschoolcafeteriastoserveorganicmeals.Great,Ithought,organiclunch,toxiccampus.

SinceDecember,whenthereportcameout,themayor,neighborhoodactivistsandvariousparent-teacherassociationshaveengagedinafiercebattleoveritsvalidity,overtheguiltofthesteed-castingfactoryonthewesternedgeoftown,overunionjobsversuschildren’shealthandoverwhat,ifanything,oughttobedone.Withallsidespresentingtheirownexpertsarmedwithconflictingscientificstudies,whomshouldparentsbelieve?Istheretrulyathreathere?Weasksoneanotheraswedroppedoffourkids,andifso,howgreatitis?Andhowdoesitcomparewiththeother,seeminglyperpetualhealthscaresweconfront,likepanicoverleadinsyntheticathleticfields?Ratherthanjustanotherweirdepisodeinthetownthatbroughtyouprotestingenvironmentalists,thislatestdramaisatrialforhowtoday’sparentsperceiverisk,howwetrytokeepourkidssafewhetherit’spossibletokeepthemsafeinwhatfeelslikeanincreasinglythreateningworld.Itraisesthequestionofwhat,inourtime,“safe”couldevenmean.

“There’snowayaroundtheuncertainty”，saysKimberlyThompson,presidentofKidRisk,anonprofitgroupthatstudieschildren’shealth.“Thatmeansyourchoicescanmatter,butitalsomeansyouaren’tgoingtoknowiftheydo.”A2004reportinthejournalPediatricsexplainedthatnervousparentshavemoretofearfromfire,caraccidentsanddrowningthanfromtoxicchemicalexposure.TowhichIsay:Well,obviously.Butsuchconcretehazardsarebesidethepoint.It'sthedangersparentscan’tandmaynever-quantifythatoccurallofsudden.That’swhyI’veridmycupboardofmicrowavefoodpackedinbagscoatedwithapotentialcancer-causingsubstance,butalthoughI’velivedblocksfromamajorfaultlineformorethan12years,Istillhaven’tboltedourbookcasestothelivingroomwall.

1.WhatdoesarecentinvestigationbyUSATodayreveal?

2.WhatresponsedidUASToday’sreportdraw?

3.Howdidparentsfeelinthefaceoftheexperts'studies?

4.Whatistheviewofthe2004reportinthejournalPediatrics'?

5.Ofthedangersineverydaylife,theauthorthinksthatpeoplehavemosttofearfrom（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Heavymetalsinlabteststhreatenchildren'shealthinBerkeley.

B.Berkeleyresidentsarequitecontentedwiththeirsurroundings.

C.TheairqualityaroundBerkeley’sschoolcampusesispoor.

D.ParentsinBerkeleyareover-sensitivetocancerriskstheirkidsface.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Aheateddebate.

B.Popularsupport.

C.Widespreadpanic.

D.Strongcriticism.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyfeltverymuchrelieved.

B.Theywerefrightenedbytheevidence.

C.Theydidn'tknowwhotobelieve.

D.Theyweren'tconvincedoftheresults.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itisimportanttoquantifyvariousconcretehazards.

B.Dailyaccidentsposeamoreseriousthreattochildren.

C.Parentsshouldbeawareofchildren'shealthhazards.

D.Attentionshouldbepaidtotoxicchemicalexposure.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theuncertain

B.thequantifiable

C.anearthquake

D.unhealthyfood

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中SoyoucanimaginethereactionwhenarecentUSATodayinvestigationofairqualityaroundthecanon’sschoolssingledoutthoseinthesmuglygreenvillageofBerkeley,Calif,asbeingamongtheworstinthecountry.（因此，你可以想象，最近《今日美國(guó)》對(duì)全國(guó)學(xué)校周?chē)諝赓|(zhì)量的調(diào)查，將加利福尼亞州的伯克利綠色村莊也列為全國(guó)空氣質(zhì)量狀況最差的地區(qū)之中）可知選C。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段第一句中SinceDecember,whenthereportcameout,themayor,neighborhoodactivistsandvariousparent-teacherassociationshaveengagedinafiercebattleoveritsvalidity（自去年12月該報(bào)告發(fā)布以來(lái)，市長(zhǎng)、社區(qū)積極分子和各種家長(zhǎng)教師協(xié)會(huì)就該報(bào)告的有效性展開(kāi)了激烈的討論）可知選A。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中Withallsidespresentingtheirownexpertsarmedwithconflictingscientificstudies,whomshouldparentsbelieve?（由于各方都提出了一些支持各自觀點(diǎn)的專(zhuān)家，但這些專(zhuān)家的科學(xué)研究是相互矛盾的，家長(zhǎng)應(yīng)該相信誰(shuí)？）以及后面的一連串提問(wèn)，可知父母對(duì)這些觀點(diǎn)感到困惑，不知道該相信誰(shuí)，因此選C。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中A2004reportinthejournalPediatricsexplainedthatnervousparentshavemoretofearfromfire,caraccidentsanddrowningthanfromtoxicchemicalexposure.（《兒科雜志》2004年的一份報(bào)告解釋說(shuō)，神經(jīng)緊張的父母對(duì)火災(zāi)、車(chē)禍和溺水的恐懼比有毒化學(xué)暴露更多）可推測(cè)父母對(duì)日常容易遇到的事故更擔(dān)心，因此選B。

第5題:推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中There’snowayaroundtheuncertainty...It'sthedangersparentscan’t—andmaynever-quantifythatoccurallofsudden.（無(wú)法避免這種不確定性……這是父母無(wú)法——也可能永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)量化突然發(fā)生的危險(xiǎn)）可推測(cè)作者認(rèn)為父母最大的恐懼來(lái)源于不確定性，因此選A。

4.單選題

Starvationprobablydoesn’tsoundlikeakeytolivingwellintooldage.Butasstrangeasitseems,calorierestriction,doneintermittently,appearstobeoneofthegatewaystolastinglong-termhealth.

Theconcepthasalreadybeenprovedeffectiveinmice,rats,dogsandmonkeys.However,verylimitedresearchhasbeendonetoevaluatethehealthimpactofcalorierestrictioninhumans.Inanimals,calorierestrictionisassociatedwithlongevity,decreasedriskforcancerandinflammatorydiseasesandlowercognitivedecline.Thechallengehasbeentotranslatetheconcepttotherealworldinwhichhumansneedtoeattogetthroughtheday.

Anewstudytestedoutamodifiedversionoftheconceptonhumans.ResearchersattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniahavedesignedwhattheycalla“fastingmimickingdiet”thatprovidesallthebenefitsofstarvingyourself",withalittlelessstarvation.

Theplanlastsforfivedaysamonth,withacyclethat’srepeatedforthreemonths.OnDayOne,adietereatsfoodfromtheprescribedplanthattotals1,090calorieswith10percentprotein,56percentfat,and34percentcarbohydrates.OnDaysTwothroughFive...dietersconsumejust725calorieswith9percentprotein,44percentfat,and47percentcarbohydrates.

Peopleonthedietatevegetablesoup,energybars,energydrinksandlow-caloriesnackchips,anddrankalotofchamomiletea.Theyalsotookvegetable-baseddietarysupplements.Onnon-dietingdaystheyatenormally.

Itmaysoundgimmicky,butVijg,oneoftheresearchers,saysexistingsciencealreadybacksuptheclaimthattheplancouldeffectivelyimprovehumanhealthandprolonglife.Inhumans,thedietprovidedanumberofphysiologicalchangesthatcouldreduceriskfactorsforage-relatedconditionssuchasreducedbloodglucoseandinsulinlevels.

Inessence,fastinghastheabilitytoimprovestressresponseonacellularlevel.Apersononthisprogramislikelytoloseweightovertime,butresearcherssaybetterhealthinoldageistherealbenefit.Withtherightmarketing,Vijgbelievesafastingmimickingdietcouldbecomethenextcommerciallybrandeddietcraze,likeAtkinsorPaleo.However,itcouldalsohavesomepracticalapplicationsinamedicalsetting.Aphysiciancouldprescribethediettoapatientforaspecificamountoftimebeforesurgery,chemotherapyandothertypesoftreatmentsandproceduresthatareknowntocausetraumaandstresstothebody.

1.Whatisthedifficultyintheresearchoftheeffectofstarvationonhumans?

2.Themodifiedversionoftheconceptrefersto（

）.

3.WhatkindoffoodisNOTallowedondietingdays?

4.Accordingtotheresearchers,whatbenefitscanpeoplegetbyfollowingtheplan?

5.AtkinsandPaleointhelastparagraphmostprobablyrefertobrandnamesof

（

）.

6.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Humansneedtoeatinreallife.

B.Animalsarefreefromdiseases.

C.Humansandanimalsresponddifferentlytostarvation.

D.Humansandanimalshavedifferentlifeexpectancy.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.adietwithfruitsandvegetablesonly

B.aperiodicdietwithalittlefood

C.acalorie-consistentdiet

D.adietlastingforfivedaysonly

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Energysupplements.

B.Sportdrinks.

C.Meatandfish.

D.Foodwithadditives.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Nicebodyshape.

B.Psychologicalwell-being.

C.Betterhealthinoldage.

D.Goodrelationswithothers.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.healthyteas

B.populardiets

C.fastfood

D.weight-reducingmedicines

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.TheLessCalorie,theBetter?

B.SayNotoStarvation.

C.AProvedMethodofWeightManagement.

D.Coulda5-dayFastingDietProlongYourLife?

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第二段最后一句，“Thechallengehasbeentotranslatetheconcepttotherealworldinwhichhumansneedtoeattogetthroughtheday.(現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中人類(lèi)需要吃東西生存，要把（饑餓狀態(tài)對(duì)人們健康有益）這個(gè)理念傳遞給大眾不是一件容易的事。)”從而得出本題答案。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“themodifiedversionoftheconcept”，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第三段最后一句和第四段第一句。“havedesignedwhattheycalla“fastingmimickingdiet”thatprovidesallthebenefitsofstarvingyourself",withalittlelessstarvation.(設(shè)計(jì)了一種他們稱(chēng)之為“空腹模擬節(jié)食”的飲食方式，它提供了讓自己挨餓的所有好處，而且減少了一點(diǎn)饑餓。)”“Theplanlastsforfivedaysamonth,withacyclethat’srepeatedforthreemonths.(該計(jì)劃每月持續(xù)五天，每三個(gè)月重復(fù)一次。)”從而得出本題答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第五段?！癙eopleonthedietatevegetablesoup,energybars,energydrinksandlow-caloriesnackchips,anddrankalotofchamomiletea.Theyalsotookvegetable-baseddietarysupplements.(節(jié)食的人喝蔬菜湯，能量棒，能量飲料和低熱量的零食薯?xiàng)l，喝很多甘菊茶。他們還服用了以蔬菜為基礎(chǔ)的膳食補(bǔ)充劑。)”從而得出本題答案。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第六段第二句?！癐nhumans,thedietprovidedanumberofphysiologicalchangesthatcouldreduceriskfactorsforage-relatedconditionssuchasreducedbloodglucoseandinsulinlevels.(對(duì)于人類(lèi)，這種計(jì)劃能夠帶來(lái)一些體質(zhì)的變化，從而降低一些例如血糖和胰島素等隨著年齡增長(zhǎng)而帶來(lái)的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。)”從而得出本題答案。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“AtkinsandPaleo”，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文最后一段，根據(jù)“Vijgbelievesafastingmimickingdietcouldbecomethenextcommerciallybrandeddietcraze,likeAtkinsorPaleo.(Vijg認(rèn)為，像Atkins和Paleo那樣，模仿禁食的飲食可能會(huì)成為下一個(gè)商業(yè)品牌的飲食熱潮。)”即可得出本題答案。

6.主旨大意題。根據(jù)“…calorierestriction,doneintermittently,appearstobeoneofthegatewaystolastinglong-termhealth.（間歇性地限制熱量攝入，似乎是保持長(zhǎng)期健康的途徑之一。）”“fastingmimickingdiet（禁食模仿飲食）”，可知作者在本文探討的是這種階段性節(jié)食是否能夠長(zhǎng)壽。從而得出本題答案。

5.單選題

Theproducersrefusedtoeventalkaboutresiduals.Theyputforthasimpleand（）question:

Whyshouldanyemployeebepaidmorethanonceforthesamejob?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.compelling

B.component

C.competent

D.compulsive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)compelling“令人信服的，引人注目的”，B項(xiàng)component“組成的”，C項(xiàng)competent“有能力的”，D項(xiàng)compulsive“強(qiáng)制的”；句意：制片人甚至拒絕提到剩余工資并提出了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單而又引人注目的問(wèn)題：為什么雇主要為一次同樣的工作付兩次錢(qián)？因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Itisfashionableinthesixtiesbutdefinitelypasseintheeighties.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.clivose

B.demode

C.abrim

D.xenial

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)clivose“小山的，丘陵的”；B選項(xiàng)demode“陳舊的；老式的”；C選項(xiàng)abrim“充滿著的”；D選項(xiàng)xenial“主客關(guān)系的；款待的”。句意：那在六十年代是時(shí)髦的，但在八十年代肯定是過(guò)時(shí)了。passe“已過(guò)盛年的；過(guò)時(shí)的；凋謝的”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞詞意最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Thenewcolleague（）tohaveworkedinseveralbigcorporationsbeforehejoinedourcompany.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.confirms

B.declares

C.confesses

D.claims

【答案】D

【解析】近義詞辨析。confirm確認(rèn)，證實(shí);declare宣布，聲明;選項(xiàng)A和B都是后接名詞短語(yǔ)或that從句;confess承認(rèn)，坦白，confess(to)doingsth.承認(rèn)做過(guò)某事;claim聲稱(chēng)，斷言，后可接名詞短語(yǔ)、that從句,也可接不定式短語(yǔ),不定式中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在claim之前,則用不定式完成式。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

8.單選題

______equallybetweenschoolandtelevisionstudios,shewasbusylearninglineswhileherfriendsarehookingonlines.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Withtimetobesplit

B.Hertimebeingsplit

C.Withhertimebeingsplit

D.Timewassplit

【答案】C

【解析】考查with介詞詞組和獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。句子沒(méi)有連詞，因此前面部分不可能是完整的主謂賓句子結(jié)構(gòu)，D項(xiàng)句子完整所以排除D。根據(jù)句意“她一半時(shí)間在學(xué)校，一半在電視工作室，她的朋友們正在線上談情說(shuō)愛(ài)時(shí)她卻忙于學(xué)習(xí)臺(tái)詞”，前面應(yīng)該表示伴隨的原因狀語(yǔ)，因此A項(xiàng)不定式獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)不合適，B項(xiàng)分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)和C介詞詞組都可以表示原因，但with結(jié)構(gòu)伴隨意味更強(qiáng)更常用；因此選C更合適。

9.單選題

Wearewritingtothemanager______therepairsrecentlycarriedoutattheaboveaddress.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.withtheexceptionof

B.withthepurposeof

C.withreferenceto

D.withaviewto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)withtheexceptionof“除了……以外”，B項(xiàng)withthepurposeof“目的是……”，C項(xiàng)withreferenceto“關(guān)于，根據(jù)”，D項(xiàng)withaviewto“著眼于”。根據(jù)句子可知，therepairs是由過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)carriedoutattheaboveaddress修飾的名詞，說(shuō)明信件的內(nèi)容，所以推斷選項(xiàng)C符合上下文語(yǔ)境。句意：關(guān)于最近在上述地址進(jìn)行的維修，我們致函經(jīng)理。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Theworldmaybebecomingamorefemale-friendlyplacebutcorporateboardroomarenot,withwomenholdingunder3percentoftopmanagementjobsinWesternfirms,accordingtoaUnitedNationssurveyissuedrecently.ThereportentitledBreakingThroughtheGlassCeiling:WomeninManagement,ispublishedbytheInternationalLaborOrganization(ILO).Thereport,subtitledasProgressandobstaclestowomenequalprofessionalandmanagerialstatus,presentsthemostrecenttrendsonthesituationofwomeninprofessionalandmanagerialjobs.Italsohighlightssomeoftheinstitutionalandattitudinalprejudicesthatcontinuetohamper(妨礙)women’sprogressintotopjobs,anditdescribesgoodpracticesinsupportofwomenmanagers.Womenmakeupover40percentoftheworld’sworkforce,butevenwhentheymakeitthroughthe“glassceiling”—aninvisiblebarrierofmale-dominatedprejudicesandnetworks—theyearnfarlessthanmen,theILOreportsaid.

“Almostuniversally,womenhavefailedtoreachleadingpositioninmajorcorporationsandprivatesectororganizations,irrespectiveoftheirresponsibilities,”saidauthorLindaMirth.“Thehighertheposition,themoreglaringthegendergap.”TheILOsaidmentraditionallyrelyon“oldboy”networkstoclimbuptheladder.Womenaremore“invisible”inthecorporateworldbecausetheyarelesskeenoninformalgatherings.Theyarealsofightingalosingbattleagainstsexualharassment.

ABritishstudyfoundthatwomeninonecompanysubjectedtocontinuingsexualharassmentandbullyingfailedtoachievepromotionwhateverstrategytheyused.“Protestingandcomplainingearnedthemthelabelof‘feminist’andwhining（抱怨），whiletryingtobeoneofthemeninvitedfurtherharassment,”theILOreportsaid.

Asurveyof300companiesinBritainlastyearfoundthatjust3percentofboardmemberswerewomen.IntheF1SEtop10companieslistedinBritain,Womenheldjust4percentofdirectors’posts,whilefemalemanagersearnedjust71percentofthesalaryoftheirmalecounterparts,theILOreportsaid.

Britishfemalemanagersasawholeearned83percentofthesalariesoftheirmalecounterparts——puttingthemaheadoftheircounterpartsinmostothercountries.

ThesituationinGermanywasnobetter.Asurveyof70,000largestcompaniesfoundthatwomenthereheldjust1to3percentofthetopexecutiveandboardroompositions.TheILOalsoreportedthatthecomparativelyhighproportionofwomenexecutivesinlargeFrenchcompanies13percent—wasnowfallingagainfromthe80slevels.

1.Whatdoesthereportmeanbytheterm“glassceiling”？

2.AccordingtotheILOreport,（）.

3.TheILOreport（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstrategiesdidwomennotuseintheirfightagainstsexualharassment?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Abarrierofprejudicesandnetworksthatexistinsomecompanies.

B.Abarrierofprejudicethatmenpretenddoesnotexist.

C.Alevelthatwomenaretryingtoreachdespitethedifficultiesputintheway.

D.Alevelbeyondwhichwomencan'treallybepromoted.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.womennolongerfaceworkproblemsexceptintopmanagementlevels

B.thereareseriousproblemsfacingwomen,especiallyintheboardroomsofWesternfirms

C.womenstillfaceseriousworkproblemsatalllevelsofwesternfirms

D.womenarehavingabettertimeintheworldexceptintheboardroomsofwesternfirms

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.isoptimistic,inthatoncewomenbreakintotoppositions,theydowell.

B.isoptimistic,becausethereisagrowingrealizationthatwomenintoppositionsdoverywell.

C.ispessimistic,inthateventhefewwomenwhogettoppositionshavesmallersalaries.

D.ispessimistic,becausenowomenevenreachthehighestpositionsinwesternboardrooms.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Sexualharassment

B.Complaining

C.Protesting

D.Tryingtobefriendly

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“報(bào)告中提到的‘玻璃天花板’是什么意思？”文章第一段最后一句話提到“‘玻璃天花板’——由男性主導(dǎo)地位的偏見(jiàn)和體系所造成的一種無(wú)形的障礙”（“glassceiling’’--aninvisiblebarrierofmale-dominatedprejudicesandnetworks）；第一段提到國(guó)際勞動(dòng)組織寫(xiě)的一篇報(bào)告，報(bào)告強(qiáng)調(diào)了女性進(jìn)入高層的一些體制和態(tài)度上的偏見(jiàn)(Italsohighlightssomeoftheinstitutionalandattitudinalprejudicesthatcontinuetohamperwomen’sprogressintotopjobs)，因此選項(xiàng)A“（玻璃天花板）指存在于一些公司的偏見(jiàn)和體系”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“根據(jù)國(guó)際勞工組織報(bào)道……”。文章第一段第一句話提到“世界可能正在對(duì)女性變得友好，但是企業(yè)董事會(huì)卻沒(méi)有，聯(lián)合國(guó)最近發(fā)布的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，在西方公司，女性在最高管理職位中所占的比例不到3%”（Theworldmaybebecomingamorefemale-friendlyplacebutcorporateboardroomarenot,withwomenholdingunder3percentoftopmanagementjobsinWesternfirms,accordingtoaUnitedNationssurveyissuedrecently），由此可知選項(xiàng)D“除了在西方公司的董事會(huì)，女性的生活變好”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“國(guó)際勞工組織報(bào)道……”。文章第一段提到國(guó)際勞工組織報(bào)告稱(chēng)，女性占全球勞動(dòng)力的40%以上，但即使她們通過(guò)了“玻璃天花板——由男性主導(dǎo)地位的偏見(jiàn)和體系所造成的一種無(wú)形的障礙——她們的收入也遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于男性”（Womenmakeupover40percentoftheworld’sworkforce,butevenwhentheymakeitthroughthe“glassceiling’’--aninvisiblebarrierofmale-dominatedprejudicesandnetworkstheyearnfarlessthanmen,theILOreportsaid），由此可知選項(xiàng)C“悲觀，因?yàn)榧词股俨糠峙赃M(jìn)入了高層，她們的收入還是少很多”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“在與性騷擾作斗爭(zhēng)時(shí)，女性沒(méi)有采用下列哪項(xiàng)策略？”文章第三段提到抗議和抱怨使她們背負(fù)上了“女權(quán)主義者”和“發(fā)牢騷”的名號(hào)，同時(shí)想喝男性打成一片又招來(lái)了更多的騷擾（“Protestingandcomplainingearnedthemthelabelof‘feminist’andwhining，whiletryingtobeoneofthemeninvitedfurtherharassment），由此可知“抱怨”“抗議”“試圖友好”都是女性采取的措施，所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

11.單選題

Herparentswantedtochangehermindsotheytriedto______hertotheirwayofthinking.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.convert

B.alter

C.transfer

D.convey

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)convert“(使)轉(zhuǎn)變，改變”，指改變形式、特性、信仰、觀點(diǎn)等；B選項(xiàng)alter“改變，更改”指部分更改，仍保留本質(zhì)和總體結(jié)構(gòu)；C選項(xiàng)transfer“(使)轉(zhuǎn)移，搬遷，(使)調(diào)動(dòng)”；D選項(xiàng)convey“表達(dá)，傳遞(思想、感情等)”。根據(jù)指theirwayofthinking可知選A。句意：她的父母想改變她的想法，所以他們?cè)噲D讓她轉(zhuǎn)變到他們的思維方式。

12.單選題

Sheset（）inbusinessonherownandwasverysuccessful.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.by

B.as

C.up

D.off

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)setby“把……留開(kāi)”；B選項(xiàng)setas“設(shè)置為；設(shè)定為”；C選項(xiàng)setup“建立；裝配；開(kāi)業(yè)”；D選項(xiàng)setoff“出發(fā)；引起”。句意：她自己……了事業(yè)，非常成功。根據(jù)句意可推測(cè)，她建立了自己的事業(yè)，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Foragoodweek,bothsideshavebeenseekinganequitablesolutiontothisdispute.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.potential

B.impartial

C.balanced

D.uneven

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)potential“潛在的”；B選項(xiàng)impartial“公平的”；C選項(xiàng)balanced“平衡的”；D選項(xiàng)uneven“不均勻的”。句意：一個(gè)星期以來(lái)，雙方一直在尋求公平解決這一爭(zhēng)端。劃線部分equitable是公平的意思。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Aseducationalsystembecomeuniversal,moreandmorepeoplewereexposedtoabstractlearningratherthantothepractical（

）ofspecificskills.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transportation

B.transaction

C.transmission

D.translation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。transportation意為“運(yùn)送，運(yùn)輸”；transaction意為“交易，業(yè)務(wù)”；transmission意為“傳播，傳遞”；translation意為“翻譯”。

句意：隨著教育體系的普及，越來(lái)越多的人接觸到抽象的學(xué)習(xí)，而不是具體技能的實(shí)際傳授。

15.單選題

Launchingpeopleintospacemaymakeheadlinesbutitdoeslittleusefulscience.SowhenGeorgeBushredirectedAmerica’sspaceagency,NASA,awayfromscientificresearchandtowardsamannedreturntothemoonin2004,manyscientistsweredisappointed.Nowtheagencyhasfinallyofferedsomesmallmorselsofcomfortintheformoffourprojectsthatcouldaccompanyeffortsforalunarreturn.

Themostexcitingoftheseistheplanforaradiotelescopethatcouldbeplacedonthefarsideofthemoon.Suchadevicewouldlookbackattheearlyuniversetothetimewhenlarge-scalestructuressuchasgalaxiesandstarsformed.Alunar-basedradiotelescopewouldbeabletodetectlongwavelengthsthatcannotbesensedonEarthbecausetheyareabsorbedbytheoutermostlayersoftheplanet’satmosphere.Moreoverbypointingthetelescopeawayfromthedinofshorter-wavelengthradiowavesthatareusedforcommunicationonEarth,astrophysicistswouldbeabletoseetheearlyuniverseinunprecedenteddetail.

Findingalienlifemightalsobepossiblewithsuchatelescope.Itwouldbeabletomapthemagneticfieldsofstarsandexoplanets(planetsthatcirclestarsoutsidethesolarsystem).ItisthemagneticfieldoftheEarththatprotectsitsinhabitantsfrombeingbombardedbyhigh-energyparticlesfromspacethatwouldotherwiseleavetheplanetsterile.DetectingamagneticfieldsurroundinganEarth-likeexoplanetwouldproveapromisingsignforfindingextraterrestriallife.Theproposal,ledbyJosephLazio,oftheNavalResearchLaboratoryinWashington,DC,istocreateanarrayofthreearmsarrangedinaY-shape,eachofwhichwouldbe500meterslongandcontain16antennae.Eacharmwouldbemadeofaplasticfilmthatcouldberolledoutontothesurfaceofthemoon,eitherbyrobotsorbyastronauts.

Asecondproject,headedbyMichaelCollier,oftheNASAGoddardSpaceFlightCentre,wouldexaminehowthesolarwind—astreamofchargedparticlesejectedfromthesun—interactswiththetenuouslunaratmosphereclosetothemoon’ssurface.Suchbombardmentproduceslow-energyX-raysthatwouldbedetectedonthesurfaceofthemoon.ThethirdandfourthprojectsaresimilarbothtoeachotherandtoearlierventuresdroppedonthemoonbytheApolloandtheSovietLunamissionsinthelate1960sand1970s.Some35yearson,reflectorsplacedonthelunarsurfacearestillusedbyscientistsinterestedingeophysicsandgeodesy(forexample,howthemoon’sgravitationalfieldshiftsovertime).Mostofthereflectorsareclusteredclosetothelunarequator.Theproposals,ledbyStephenMerkowitz,alsoofNASA’sGoddardSpaceFlightCentre,andDouglasCurrie,oftheUniversityofMaryland,aretosprinklesomemoresophisticatedversionsovermoreofthemoon’ssurface.

SucheffortsmayattractlittleattentioncomparedwiththelaunchofthespaceshuttleEndeavourthisweek.Nevertheless,whenNASAarguesthatputtingpeopleintospaceinspiresyoungpeopletostudyscience,itispreciselytheseendeavorsthatitwishestoencourage.

51.By“Launchingpeopleintospacemaymakeheadlinesbutitdoeslittleusefulscience”(Line1,Paragraph1),theauthormeans______.

52.Themostdistinctivefeatureofalunar-basedradiotelescopementionedinthesecondparagraphisthat______.

53.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthefournewmoonplans?

54.WhichofthefollowingisNOTafeatureofthelasttwoprojectsdiscussedinthefourthparagraph?

55.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Launchingpeopleintospaceisveryimportant

B.Newspaperonlycaresaboutwhetherhumanscantravelintospace

C.Humans’traveltooutsidespaceisagainstscientificrules

D.Launchingpeopleintospaceisnotofgreatscientificvalue

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itisabletocapturelongwavelengths

B.itpossessesbetterfunctionsthanthetelescopesonearth

C.itcanescapefromthemagneticfieldoftheEarth

D.itcandetectallgalaxiesintheuniverse

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Objective

B.Affirmative

C.Carefree

D.Panicked

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thetwoprojectsareoflessimportancethantheothertwo.

B.Thetwoplansareofsimilaritywitheachother.

C.Thepurposeoftheplansistoaddsomeequipmentonthemoon.

D.Theseplansarecontinuanceofpreviousstudiescarriedoutdecadeago.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theradiotelescopewillbeabletofindextraterrestriallife.

B.ThesecondprojectfocusesontheinteractionbetweensolarwindandEarthatmosphere.

C.JosephLazio’sproposalispartoftheradiotelescopeproject.

D.ThefourprojectsarecloselyrelatedtotherecentlylaunchedspaceshuttleEndeavour.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】51.推理判斷題。題干意思是“第一段第一行通過(guò)說(shuō)‘Launchingpeopleintospacemaymakeheadlinesbutitdoeslittleusefulscience’，作者的意思是……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第一行，Launchingpeopleintospacemaymakeheadlinesbutitdoeslittleusefulscience.（把人送入太空可能會(huì)成為頭條新聞，但它對(duì)科學(xué)沒(méi)有什么用處），可以推斷，把人送入太空對(duì)科學(xué)沒(méi)什么價(jià)值，故D項(xiàng)“將人送入太空沒(méi)有很大的科學(xué)價(jià)值”正確。A項(xiàng)“把人送入太空是非常重要的”和C項(xiàng)“人類(lèi)到外太空旅行是違反科學(xué)規(guī)則的”與文章不符；B項(xiàng)“報(bào)紙只關(guān)心人類(lèi)是否能進(jìn)入太空”該段沒(méi)有提到。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

52.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“第二段提到的基于月球的射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡最顯著的特點(diǎn)是……”。根據(jù)第二段第三句Alunar-basedradiotelescopewouldbeabletodetectlongwavelengthsthatcannotbesensedonEarthbecausetheyareabsorbedbytheoutermostlayersoftheplanet’satmosphere.（設(shè)在月球上的射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡將能夠探測(cè)到地球上無(wú)法探測(cè)到的長(zhǎng)波，因?yàn)樗鼈儽坏厍虼髿鈱拥淖钔鈱铀眨┛芍?，A項(xiàng)“它能夠捕獲長(zhǎng)波長(zhǎng)”正確。B項(xiàng)“它比地球上的望遠(yuǎn)鏡有更好的功能”，文中沒(méi)有對(duì)這兩個(gè)進(jìn)行比較；C項(xiàng)“它可以逃離地球的磁場(chǎng)”文中沒(méi)有提及；D項(xiàng)“它可以探測(cè)到宇宙中的所有星系”表述太夸張。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

53.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干意思是“作者對(duì)四個(gè)新的月球計(jì)劃有什么看法？”。文中提到了四個(gè)計(jì)劃是在第一段最后Nowtheagencyhasfinallyofferedsomesmallmorselsofcomfortintheformoffourprojectsthatcouldaccompanyeffortsforalunarreturn.（現(xiàn)在，宇航局終于提供了一些小安慰，以四個(gè)項(xiàng)目的形式，努力重返月球），接著作者第二段就描述了自己的看法，第一句提到Themostexcitingoftheseistheplanforaradiotelescopethatcouldbeplacedonthefarsideofthemoon.（其中最令人興奮的是一個(gè)可以放置在月球背面的射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡計(jì)劃），可以看出作者的態(tài)度是肯定的，故B項(xiàng)“肯定”正確。A項(xiàng)“客觀”、C項(xiàng)“無(wú)憂無(wú)慮”和D項(xiàng)“驚慌失措”都不夠準(zhǔn)確。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

54.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“下列哪項(xiàng)不是第四段所討論的最后兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目的特征？”。根據(jù)題干我們定位到第四段，第三句提到Thethirdandfourthprojectsaresimilarbothtoeachother（第三和第四個(gè)項(xiàng)目彼此相似）可知，B項(xiàng)“這兩個(gè)計(jì)劃很相似”正確；最后一句提到Theproposals,ledbyStephenMerkowitz,alsoofNASA’sGoddardSpaceFlightCentre,andDouglasCurrie,oftheUniversityofMaryland,aretosprinklesomemoresophisticatedversionsovermoreofthemoon’ssurface.（這項(xiàng)提議由同樣來(lái)自美國(guó)宇航局戈達(dá)德太空飛行中心的StephenMerkowitz和馬里蘭大學(xué)的DouglasCurrie指導(dǎo)，他們打算在月球表面的更多地方安裝一些尖端反射器）可知，C項(xiàng)“計(jì)劃的目的是在月球上增加一些設(shè)備”正確；同時(shí)，最后兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目同樣是由美國(guó)宇航局戈達(dá)德太空飛行中心的研究員指導(dǎo)，所以可以推斷D項(xiàng)“這些計(jì)劃是十年前先前的研究的延續(xù)”也符合原文；只有A項(xiàng)“這兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目不如另外兩個(gè)重要”在文中沒(méi)有提到。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

55.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題干意思是“作者可能同意下列哪一項(xiàng)？”。由第三段第四句DetectingamagneticfieldsurroundinganEarth-likeexoplanetwouldproveapromisingsignforfindingextraterrestriallife.（探測(cè)到一顆類(lèi)似地球的系外行星周?chē)拇艌?chǎng)將證明是發(fā)現(xiàn)外星生命的一個(gè)有希望的跡象）可推斷，射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡有希望能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)外星生命的跡象，A項(xiàng)“這臺(tái)射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡將能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)外星生命”太絕對(duì)；根據(jù)第四段第一句Asecondproject,headedbyMichaelCollier,oftheNASAGoddardSpaceFlightCentre,wouldexaminehowthesolarwind—astreamofchargedparticlesejectedfromthesun—interactswiththetenuouslunaratmosphereclosetothemoon’ssurface.（第二個(gè)項(xiàng)目由美國(guó)宇航局戈達(dá)德太空飛行中心的MichaelCollier領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，將研究太陽(yáng)風(fēng)——從太陽(yáng)噴射出來(lái)的帶電粒子流——如何與月球表面附近稀薄的月球大氣層相互作用）可知，第二個(gè)項(xiàng)目研究的是太陽(yáng)風(fēng)與月球大氣層之間的相互作用，B項(xiàng)“第二個(gè)項(xiàng)目主要研究太陽(yáng)風(fēng)與地球大氣之間的相互作用”錯(cuò)誤；第三段提到了射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡的提議人，Theproposal,ledbyJosephLazio,oftheNavalResearchLaboratoryinWas