考研考博-英語-天津中德應(yīng)用技術(shù)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津中德應(yīng)用技術(shù)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thedamagetomycarwas____intheaccident,butIhavealingeringfeareventoday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.insufficient

B.ignorant

C.ambiguous

D.negligible

【答案】D

【解析】

【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.insufficient不充分的；不足的；不夠重要的B.ignorant（對某事物）不了解的；無知的

C.ambiguous模棱兩可的；含混不清的D.negligible微不足道的；不重要的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：在這次事故中，我的汽車的損壞……，但即使在今天，我仍然心有余悸。根據(jù)邏輯，由后半句即使在今天我仍然心有余悸可以推斷，在這次事故中汽車的損壞是很小的，但是我一直很害怕。因此選D。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】在這次事故中，我的汽車的損壞微不足道，但即使在今天，我仍然心有余悸。

2.單選題

Accordingtothe“Geneva（）’’noprisonersofwarshallbesubjecttoabuse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Customs

B.Congresses

C.Conventions

D.Routines

【答案】C

【解析】固定用法。GenevaConventions指的是“日內(nèi)瓦公約”。

3.單選題

Themedicine（）hispainbutdidnotcurehisillness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.activated

B.alleviated

C.deteriorated

D.mediated

【答案】B

【解析】句意：這種藥（）他的疼痛，但不能治愈他的疾病。A選項(xiàng)activated觸發(fā)；B選項(xiàng)alleviated減輕，緩解；C選項(xiàng)deteriorated使惡化；D選項(xiàng)mediated調(diào)解。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

4.單選題

（）shewaslivinginLondonthatshemetherhusbandTerry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Justwhen

B.Duringthetimewhen

C.Soonafter

D.Itwaswhile

【答案】D

【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)為itis+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that….故D項(xiàng)正確。句意：她住在倫敦的時(shí)候遇見了她的丈夫Terry.

5.單選題

Inearly19thcenturyAmerica,mentalasylumswerebuiltinruralareastoremovepatientsfromtheirhomeenvironmentandtoprovidefreshairinabucolicsetting.Patientswereofferedexercise,work,education,andreligiousinstruction.Theheadsoftheseinstitutions,called“alienists”,didnotusuallydispensedrugs,butstressedhealthy,cleanlivingandpromotedtheviewthattheinsanewerenotmonstersbutrather“unfortunatefellowbeings.”Focusingonsocietalcauses,alienistsbelievedmentalhealthproblemscouldbeavoided,especiallyintheyoung:children’sbrainsweresofter,vulnerable,andmorepronetoinfluence.

AftertheCivilWar,faithin“moraltreatment”declinedbecausethecurabilityratehadbeenoverestimated,thecostoffacilitieswashigh,thegovernmentcurtailedfunds,andthepublicbecamedisillusionedwith“experts”andtheirfailedpromises.Repeatedfailuresalsofrustratedpractitionerswhorespondedwithanincreaseduseofphysicalrestraint.Aninfluxofimmigrantscausedovercrowdingandalossoffee-payingprivatepatients.Asthemedicalfieldwasslowtobecomeinterestedinthecareofthementallyill,therewasalackoftrainedpersonnel.Theoriginal,moreidealisticpractitionersweregone,andnewmanagers,manyofwhomwerepoliticalappointees,werelessinspiredandqualified.Theybecameself-protectiveandisolatedfromthepublic,andconsidered“moraltreatment”tobefanaticalanddangerous.

Between1850and1880,viewpointsrevertedbacktopre-asylumassessments,withtheaddedelementofheredity:mentalillnessresultedfromaweakfamilyandvicecommittedbyancestors.InfluencedbySocialDarwinism,practitionersbelievedmentalillnesscouldbeeliminatedthrougheugenics,andthetendencywastoclassifyailmentsratherthaninvestigatethroughobservation.Drugssuchaschloroform,bromides,andetherwereincreasinglyusedtosubduepatients.

Eventually,neurologistsformedtwocamps:thosewhofocusedonsomaticcases,andthosewhoembracedpsychologicaltheoriesasmedicallyrespectable.Toremovethechronicallyillfromovercrowdedasylumsandinageneralefforttopromotenon-restraint,alternativecarefacilitiessuchasthetenttreatment,thefreeairsystem,andthecottagesystemwereattemptedinthelatterpartofthecentury.Inspiteofsuchreformefforts,thedominanceofSocialDarwinismcondemnedthechronicallyillasgeneticallyinferior.ItwasnotuntilthefinalyearsofthecenturythatSigmundFreud’stheoriesabouttheunconsciouscreptintotheprofessionalarena.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph1thatanadditionalreasonforbuildingmentalasylumsinruralareaswas______.

2.Accordingtothepassage,onereasonforthedeclineinuseofmoraltreatmentaftertheCivilWarwas______.

3.Theunderlineword“whom”inParagraph2refersto______.

4.ThementionofdrugsinParagraph3isanexampleof______.

5.Accordingtothepassage,onereasonthecottagesystemdevelopedtowardtheendofthecentury,wasinattemptto______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tostoppatientsfrominfectinghealthypeople

B.becausemostpeopledidn’twanttobelivingnearthem

C.becausethelandwascheaper

D.togivepatientsbetterworkopportunities

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thatthegovernmentmadelessmoneyavailable

B.thatitlostfavorwiththemedicalprofession

C.duetoovercrowding

D.inresponsetoithavingended

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.originalmoreidealisticpractitioners

B.newmanagers

C.politicalappointees

D.lessinspiredandqualified

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thereturntopre-asylumdays

B.theinfluenceofthedevelopingmedicalprofession

C.aneffectivemeansoftreatment

D.thealternativetopsychologicaltreatment

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.applyFreudianpsychologicaltheories

B.provideamoresecurecustodialsystem

C.alleviateovercrowding

D.pleaseallneurologists

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第一段Theheadsoftheseinstitutions,called“alienists”,didnotusuallydispensedrugs,butstressedhealthy,cleanlivingandpromotedtheviewthattheinsanewerenotmonstersbutrather“unfortunatefellowbeings”.（這些機(jī)構(gòu)的負(fù)責(zé)人被稱為“精神病醫(yī)生”，他們通常不分發(fā)藥物，但強(qiáng)調(diào)健康、清潔的生活方式，并提倡這樣的觀點(diǎn)，即精神病患者不是怪物，而是“不幸的人”）可推斷出精神病院建立在農(nóng)村地區(qū)的一個(gè)很有可能的原因是很多人把精神病人當(dāng)怪物，從而不愿意居住在他們附近，所以B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)人不想住在他們附近”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“阻止病人感染健康的人”；C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)橥恋馗阋恕币约癉選項(xiàng)“給病人更好的工作機(jī)會(huì)”文章沒有提及，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段AftertheCivilWar,faithin“moraltreatment”declinedbecausethecurabilityratehadbeenoverestimated,thecostoffacilitieswashigh,thegovernmentcurtailedfunds,andthepublicbecamedisillusionedwith“experts”andtheirfailedpromises.（內(nèi)戰(zhàn)之后，由于治愈率被高估，醫(yī)療設(shè)施的成本過高，政府削減資金，公眾對“專家”和他們失敗的承諾大失所望，對“道德治療”的信心下降了），由此可知在內(nèi)戰(zhàn)后道德治療使用減少的一個(gè)原因是政府資金不足，所以A選項(xiàng)“政府資金不足”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“它失去了醫(yī)學(xué)界的青睞”；C選項(xiàng)“由于過度擁擠”；D選項(xiàng)“對它的響應(yīng)已經(jīng)結(jié)束”說法錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.語義推測題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Theoriginal,moreidealisticpractitionersweregone,andnewmanagers,manyofwhomwerepoliticalappointees,werelessinspiredandqualified.最初的、更理想主義的實(shí)踐者消失了，新的管理者（其中許多是政治任命的）缺乏靈感和資格”，由此可知句中的whom指的就是newmanagers。A選項(xiàng)“最初的、更理想主義的實(shí)踐者”；C選項(xiàng)“政治任命者”以及D選項(xiàng)“缺乏靈感和資格者”都不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。文章提到“InfluencedbySocialDarwinism,practitionersbelievedmentalillnesscouldbeeliminatedthrougheugenics,andthetendencywastoclassifyailmentsratherthaninvestigatethroughobservation.Drugssuchaschloroform,bromides,andetherwereincreasinglyusedtosubduepatients.（受社會(huì)達(dá)爾文主義的影響，醫(yī)生們相信精神疾病可以通過優(yōu)生學(xué)消除，而且傾向于對疾病進(jìn)行分類，而不是通過觀察進(jìn)行調(diào)查。氯仿、溴化物和乙醚等藥物被越來越多地用于制服病人。）”，由此可知這些藥物的使用對治療精神疾病有效果，所以C選項(xiàng)“有效的治療手段”正確。A選項(xiàng)“回到未進(jìn)入收容所前的日子”；B選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)療職業(yè)發(fā)展的影響”；D選項(xiàng)“代替心理治療”均不符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段“Toremovethechronicallyillfromovercrowdedasylumsandinageneralefforttopromotenon-restraint,alternativecarefacilitiessuchasthetenttreatment,thefreeairsystem,andthecottagesystemwereattemptedinthelatterpartofthecentury.（為了將慢性病患者從過度擁擠的收容所中移走，并在普遍努力促進(jìn)不受限制的情況下，在本世紀(jì)下半葉嘗試了諸如帳篷治療、免費(fèi)空氣系統(tǒng)和農(nóng)舍系統(tǒng)等替代護(hù)理設(shè)施。）”可知村舍制度發(fā)展到本世紀(jì)末的一個(gè)原因是為了緩解過度擁擠，所以C選項(xiàng)“緩解過度擁擠”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“運(yùn)用弗洛伊德心理學(xué)理論”與題干無關(guān)；B選項(xiàng)“提供一個(gè)更安全的保管系統(tǒng)”文章沒有提到；D選項(xiàng)“迎合所有神經(jīng)科醫(yī)生”文章沒有提到。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thecountryisnowundergoinganeconomic（

）inwhichbusinessactivityisgreatlyreducedandtheunemploymentrateishigh.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.flourish

B.accession

C.sanction

D.recession

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。flourish意為“繁榮，昌盛”；accession意為“增加”；sanction意為“制裁，處罰”；recession意為“經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，不景氣”。

句意：這個(gè)國家正遭受嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，商業(yè)活動(dòng)大大減少，失業(yè)率很高。

7.單選題

Theseillegalimmigrantshavetoworklonghoursadaydespitetheappallingworkingconditions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bewildering

B.exasperating

C.dismaying

D.upsetting

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。appalling表示“可怕的，令人震驚的”；A項(xiàng)bewildering“使人困惑的”，B項(xiàng)exasperating“使人惱怒的”，C項(xiàng)dismaying“令人震驚的，令人驚恐的”，D項(xiàng)upsetting“令人心煩意亂的”。句意：盡管工作條件惡劣，這些非法移民每天還是得工作很長時(shí)間。根據(jù)句意可知，選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

8.案例題

Howgoodareyouatsaying"no"?Formany,it'ssurprisinglydifficult.Thisisespeciallytrueofeditors,whobynaturetendtobeeagerandengagedparticipantsineverythingtheydo.Considerthesescenarios:

It'slateintheday.Thatfrontpackageyou'vebeenworkingonisnearlycomplete;onelasteditandit'sfinished.Entertheexecutiveeditor,whomakesasuggestionrequiringamore-than-modestrearrangementofthedesignandtheadditionofaninformationbox.Youwanttoscream:"No!It'sdone!"Whatdoyoudo?

Thefirstruleofsayingnotothebossisdon'tsayno.Sheprobablyhassomethinginmindwhenshemakessuggestions,andit'suptoyoutofindoutwhat.Thesecondruleisdon'traisethestakesbychallengingherauthority.Thatissueisalreadydecided.Thethirdruleistobereadytociteoptionsandconsequences.Theboss'ssuggestionsmightbeappropriate,buttherearealwaysconsequences.Shemightnotknowaboutthepagesbackingupthatneedattention,oraboutthedesignerwhohadtogohomesick.Tellhershecanhavewhatshewants,butexplaintheconsequences.Understandwhatshe'stryingtoaccomplishandproposeaPlanBthatwillmakeithappenwithoutdestroyingwhatyou'vedonesofar.

Here'sanothercase.Yourleast-favoritereportersuggestsadumbstoryidea.Thisoneshouldbeeasy,butit'snot.Ifyousayno,evenpolitely,youriskinhibitingfurtherideas,notjustfromthatreporter,butfromotherswhoheardthatyouturneddowntheidea.Thisscenarioiscommoninnewsroomsthatlackasystematicwaytofilterstorysuggestions.

Twostepsarenecessary.First,youneedasystemforhowstoriesareproposedandreviewed.Reporterscantoleraterejectionoftheirideasiftheybelievetheyweregivenafairhearing.Yourgutreaction（本能反應(yīng)）anddismissiverejection,evenofaworthlessidea,mightnotqualifyassystematicorfair.

Second,thepeopleyouworkwithneedtonegotiatea"Whatif...?"agreementcovering"Whatifmyideaisturneddown?"Howarepeopleexpectedtoreact?Isthereanappealprocess?Cantheyrefinetheideaandresubmitit?Byanticipating"Whatif...?"situationsbeforetheyhappen,youcanreachunderstandingthatwillhelpeaseyououtofconfrontations.

1.Insteadofdirectlysayingnotoyourboss,youshouldfindout（）

2.Theauthor'ssecondwarningisthatweshouldavoidrunningagreaterriskby（）

3.Onewayofrespondingtoyourboss'ssuggestionistoexplainthe（）toherandofferanalternativesolution.

4.Toensurefairnesstoreporters,itisimportanttosetupasystemforstoriesto（）

5.Peoplewholearntoanticipate"Whatif...?"situationswillbeabletoreachunderstandingandavoid

（）

【答案】1.whatisinyourboss'mind

2.challengingourboss'sauthority

3.possibleconsequences

4.beproposedandreviewed

5.confrontations

【解析】1.根據(jù)第三段的第二句“Sheprobablyhassomethinginmindwhenshemakessuggestions,andit'suptoyoutofindoutwhat.”。

2.根據(jù)第三段的第三句“Thesecondruleisdon'traisethestakesbychallengingherauthority.”。

3.根據(jù)第三段的最后兩句“Tellhershecanhavewhatshewants,butexplaintheconsequences.Understandwhatshe'stryingtoaccomplishandproposeaPlanBthatwillmakeithappenwithoutdestroyingwhatyou'vedonesofar.”。

4.根據(jù)第五段的第二句“First,youneedasystemforhowstoriesareproposedandreviewed.”。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“youcanreachunderstandingthatwillhelpeaseyououtofconfrontations.”。

9.單選題

Alwayssincethecreationofcelluloid,plasticshavebeenfoundtohaveamultitudeofindustrialandcommercialuses.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Always

B.plastics

C.tohave

D.amultitudeof

【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)題意，A選項(xiàng)句首應(yīng)該為eversince“自從”，句意：自從發(fā)明了電影膠片，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)塑料有很多商業(yè)和工業(yè)的用途。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.單選題

Mostpeopleinthenorthwantedto（

）slaverywhiletheslaveownersofthesouthheldthatslaveryshouldbeallowed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extinguish

B.vanish

C.abolish

D.withdraw

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)extinguish“熄滅，壓制”；B選項(xiàng)vanish“消失”；C選項(xiàng)abolish“廢除”；D選項(xiàng)withdraw“撤退”。句意：大多數(shù)北方人想廢除奴隸制，而南方的奴隸主則認(rèn)為應(yīng)該允許奴隸制的存在。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

11.單選題

Theguestswereinajubilantmoodastheweddingbegan.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exultant

B.conciliatory

C.reverent

D.receptive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。jubilant意為“喜氣洋洋的，歡欣鼓舞的”；exultant意為“歡欣鼓舞的，興高采烈的”；conciliatory意為“調(diào)解的，安撫的”；reverent意為“恭敬的，虔敬的”；receptive意為“樂于接受的”。

句意：婚禮開始時(shí)，客人們興高采烈。

12.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishtoChinese

Naturecontainstheelements,incolorandform,ofallpictures,asthekeyboardcontainsthenotesofallmusic.

Buttheartistisborntopick,andchoose;andgroupwithscience,theseelements,thattheresultmaybebeautifulasthemusiciangathershisnotes,andformshischords,untilhebringsforthfromchaosgloriousharmony.

Tosaytothepainter,thatNatureistobetakenassheis,istosaytotheplayer,thathemaysitonthepiano...

Thedignityofthesnow-cappedmountainislostindistinctness,butthejoyofthetourististorecognizethetraveleronthetop.Thedesiretosee,forthesakeofseeing,is,withthemass,alonetheonetobegratified,hencethedelightindetail.

【答案】在色彩和形狀方面，大自然包含所有的圖畫元素，如同鍵盤包含所有的音樂的音符一樣。

但是藝術(shù)家生來就有挑選和選擇的能力，將它們巧妙地結(jié)合在一起，構(gòu)成一幅美麗的圖畫，如同音樂家用聲音譜成和音，從混亂無序的聲音中創(chuàng)作出動(dòng)聽和諧的樂曲一樣。

對畫家來說，他可以按照大自然本來的樣子創(chuàng)作，就等同對演奏家說，他可以坐在鋼琴……

白雪皚皚的高山若是變得清晰可見就失去了它的威嚴(yán)，但觀光者的快樂在于能看到山頂上的游客。對于大多數(shù)人，只是為了看見而要看見，只是為了使這個(gè)愿望得到滿足，因此，他們以能一睹細(xì)節(jié)為快。

13.單選題

Afewyearsago,therichworld’sworryabouteconomicinteractionwithdevelopingcountrieswasthatthepoorcouldnotprofitfromit.SounbalancedwerethetermsofexchangebetweentheNorth’smightyindustriesandtheSouth’sweaklingsweatshopstrade(31)betweenthetwocouldbe(32)morethanexploitationoftheonebytheother;farfromhelpingthepoorcountries,globalintegrationwouldactuallydeepentheirpoverty.Thisfearhasnowgiven(33)toapessimismthatisequalandopposite—namely,thattradewiththedevelopingworldwill(34)today’srichcountries.

Likethepreviousscare,thisviewcontainsaniotaoftruth—enoughtolendplausibility.Alsolikeitspredecessor,itisa(35)exaggeration.(36),thisnewfearismoredangerousthantheoldone.Theearlierscaretacitlyaffirmedthattheindustrialcountrieswouldsufferiftheycuttheirlinks(37)thethirdworld.Startingfromthere,campaigningintheNorthtorestricttradewithdevelopingcountrieswasgoingtobeanuphillstruggle.Thosewhoopposedeepereconomicintegrationnowhaveabetterplatform.Vitalinterests(38)therichcountriestoprotecttheirindustriesfromthenewonslaught.(39)itspredecessor,thisideamaysell.

Thegripthatthisthinkingalreadyhasonpopularopinion(40)littletoeconomichistoryorprinciples.Thenewfear,liketheoldone,expressestheconvictionthatgrowthinonepartoftheworldmustsomehowcome(41)another.Thisisadeeplyrootedprejudice,and(42)wrong.Verynearlyalloftheworldismoreprosperousnowthanitwas30yearsago.Growthhasbeenastoryof(43)advance,notredistribution;and(44)livingstandardshavenotimprovedinrecentdecades(notably,inpartsofAfrica),excessiveinteractionintheinternationaleconomyhasnotbeenthecause.

Lendingusefulsupporttothisfirsterrorisasecond—theideathatthereisonlysomuchworktogoround.Ifnewtechnologiesrendersomejobsobsolete,orifanincreaseinthesupplyofcheapimportsmakesotherjobs(45),theresultmustbeapermanentriseinunemployment.Again,onamoment’sreflection,thisiswrong;otherwise,technologicalprogressthiscenturywouldhavepushedunemploymentratesintheindustrialcountriestosomethinginexcessof95%.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.when

C.that

D.where

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.anything

B.anywhere

C.something

D.nothing

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.way

B.out

C.in

D.up

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.outweigh

B.impoverish

C.enrich

D.dwindle

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.hysterical

B.corrosive

C.abysmal

D.covert

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Moreover

B.Hence

C.Consequently

D.However

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.with

C.on

D.of

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.compromise

B.cozen

C.object

D.oblige

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.As

B.Like

C.Unlike

D.With

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.owes

B.adds

C.cuts

D.reduces

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.infavorof

B.inreturnfor

C.attheexpenseof

D.inplaceof

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.partially

B.plainly

C.largely

D.scarcely

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.beneficial

B.complementary

C.essential

D.mutual

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.where

C.what

D.with

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.economic

B.uneconomic

C.economical

D.uneconomical

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:B

第8題:D

第9題:C

第10題:A

第11題:C

第12題:B

第13題:D

第14題:B

第15題:B

【解析】31.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查固定搭配。根據(jù)句子前面的so，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，so…that…未固定搭配，表示“如此……以至于……”。句意：北方強(qiáng)大的工業(yè)和南方虛弱的剝削勞動(dòng)力的工廠之間的交換條件是如此不平衡，以至于兩者之間……。該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

32.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查固定搭配。根據(jù)句中的morethan可知，nothingmorethan為固定搭配，表示“無非是，不過是”。句意：北方強(qiáng)大的工業(yè)和南方虛弱的剝削勞動(dòng)力的工廠之間的交換條件是如此不平衡，以至于兩者之間無非是互相剝削。該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

33.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)givewayto表示“給……讓路，為……所替代”，B項(xiàng)giveoutto表示“分發(fā)給”，C項(xiàng)giveinto表示“屈服于，順從”，D項(xiàng)giveupto表示“讓給，向……投降”。根據(jù)主語fear（擔(dān)憂）和賓語pessimism（悲觀主義）可知，givewayto最符合句意。句意：這種擔(dān)憂現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)被一種既平等又相反的悲觀主義所替代。該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

34.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析和上下文語境。A項(xiàng)outweigh表示“比……重（在重量上），比……重要”，B項(xiàng)impoverish表示“使貧窮，使枯竭”，C項(xiàng)enrich表示“使充實(shí)，使肥沃”，D項(xiàng)dwindle表示“減少，變小”。根據(jù)namely（換句話說）可知，該句是對上一句“這種擔(dān)憂現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)被一種既平等又相反的悲觀主義所替代”的解釋，“擔(dān)憂”指的是上文提到的“全球一體化非但不會(huì)幫助窮國，反而會(huì)加深它們的貧困”，根據(jù)空格后面的richcountries（富裕國家），結(jié)合前文的“讓步于一種既平等又相反的悲觀主義”可知，空格處填入“使貧窮”符合語境。句意：也就是說，與發(fā)展中國家的貿(mào)易將使今天的富裕國家變得貧窮。該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

35.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)hysterical表示“歇斯底里的，異常興奮的”，B項(xiàng)corrosive表示“腐蝕的，侵蝕性的”，C項(xiàng)abysmal表示“深不可測的，糟透的”，D項(xiàng)covert表示“隱蔽的，秘密的”。根據(jù)前面的不定冠詞a可排除C項(xiàng)；空格處是填入一個(gè)形容詞作定語修飾名詞exaggeration（夸張），A、B、D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有A項(xiàng)最符合語境。句意：和它的前身一樣，這也是一種歇斯底里的夸張。該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

36.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查上下文邏輯。A項(xiàng)moreover表示“而且，此外”；B項(xiàng)hence表示“因此，由此”，可以作為語氣較輕的連接結(jié)果的連詞使用，前后因果關(guān)系較輕；C項(xiàng)consequently表示“因此，所以”，注重時(shí)間、動(dòng)作的前后；D項(xiàng)however表示“然而，可是”。根據(jù)thisnewfearismoredangerousthantheoldone（這種新的擔(dān)憂比舊的更危險(xiǎn)），聯(lián)系上文語境可知，此處是表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

37.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查介詞辨析。A項(xiàng)to表示“對，向”，linkto表示“把……和……聯(lián)系起來”；B項(xiàng)with表示“和，隨著”，linkwith表示“與……有聯(lián)系”；C項(xiàng)on表示“在……上”；D項(xiàng)of表示“……的”。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處需要填入一個(gè)介詞和link搭配，C、D選項(xiàng)可排除；由后面的名詞thethirdworld（第三方）可知，空格處填入with符合語境。句意：早先的恐慌默許了工業(yè)化國家如果切斷與第三世界的聯(lián)系就會(huì)遭受損失。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

38.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考察固定搭配。A項(xiàng)compromise表示“妥協(xié)，折中，違背（原則）”，B項(xiàng)cozen表示“瞞，欺騙”，C項(xiàng)object表示“反對，拒絕”，D項(xiàng)oblige表示“迫使，強(qiáng)制”。根據(jù)后面的to可知，obligesb.todo固定搭配，表示“迫使某人做某事”。句意：至關(guān)重要的利益迫使富裕國家保護(hù)他們的工業(yè)免受新的沖擊。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

39.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查介詞辨析和上下文語境。A項(xiàng)as表示“作為，因?yàn)椤保珺項(xiàng)like表示“像”，C項(xiàng)unlike表示“不像”，D項(xiàng)with表示“和，隨著”。根據(jù)該句中的predecessor（前身）可知，前面提到“這個(gè)前身是一種歇斯底里的夸張”，結(jié)合主句thisideamaysell（這個(gè)想法可能會(huì)暢銷）可知，前后是相反的對比，因此用unlike符合。句意：不像它的前身，這個(gè)想法可能會(huì)暢銷。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

40.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)owe表示“歸因于，歸功于，欠”，B項(xiàng)add表示“增加，添加”，C項(xiàng)cut表示“割破，切斷”，D項(xiàng)reduce表示“減少，降低”。該句的意思是“這種思想對大眾輿論的掌控……很少涉及經(jīng)濟(jì)史或濟(jì)學(xué)原理”，由此可知，填入“歸因于”符合語境。句意：這種思想對大眾輿論的掌控，與經(jīng)濟(jì)史或經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理沒有多大關(guān)系。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

41.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)infavorof表示“有利于，支持，贊同”，B項(xiàng)inreturnfor表示“作為……的報(bào)答”，C項(xiàng)attheexpenseof表示“以……為代價(jià)，由……支付費(fèi)用”，D項(xiàng)inplaceof表示“代替”。根據(jù)growthinonepartoftheworld（一個(gè)地區(qū)的增長）和another（另一個(gè)地區(qū)的增長）可知，“以……為代價(jià)”符合語境。句意：與舊的擔(dān)憂一樣，新的擔(dān)憂表達(dá)了這樣一種信念：世界上一個(gè)地區(qū)的增長必須以犧牲另一個(gè)地區(qū)為代價(jià)。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

42.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)partially表示“部分地，偏袒地”，B項(xiàng)plainly表示“明白地，坦率地”，C項(xiàng)largely表示“主要地，大部分”，D項(xiàng)scarcely表示“幾乎不，簡直不”。根據(jù)adeeplyrootedprejudice（一種根深蒂固的偏見）和wrong（錯(cuò)誤的）可知，空格處填入plainly符合。句意：這是一種根深蒂固的偏見，顯然是錯(cuò)誤的。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

43.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析和上下文語境。A項(xiàng)beneficial表示“有益的，有利的”，B項(xiàng)complementary表示“補(bǔ)足的，（基因序列等）互補(bǔ)的”，C項(xiàng)essential表示“基本的，必要的”，D項(xiàng)mutual表示“共同的，相互的”。上文提到“幾乎所有的世界都比30年前更加繁榮”，下文就說到Growthhasbeenastoryof(43)advance（經(jīng)濟(jì)增長是一個(gè)……進(jìn)步的過程），可知“相互的”符合語境。句意：經(jīng)濟(jì)增長是一個(gè)相互進(jìn)步的過程，而不是再分配。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

44.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查關(guān)系代詞。根據(jù)后面的inpartsofAfrica（在非洲部分地區(qū)）可知，空格處是填入一個(gè)表示地點(diǎn)的詞語，而where可以表示地點(diǎn)，故B項(xiàng)符合。句意：近幾十年來生活水平?jīng)]有提高（特別是非洲部分地區(qū)），國際經(jīng)濟(jì)的過度互動(dòng)并不是原因。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

45.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)economic表示“經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的，經(jīng)濟(jì)上的”，指與貿(mào)易、工業(yè)或財(cái)富等有關(guān)的“經(jīng)濟(jì)上的”或“有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方面”的意義；B項(xiàng)uneconomic表示“不贏利的，不賺錢的”；C項(xiàng)economical表示“經(jīng)濟(jì)的”，指與“節(jié)約”同義的“經(jīng)濟(jì)”，相當(dāng)于notwasteful，既可指人也可指物；D項(xiàng)uneconomical表示“浪費(fèi)的，不節(jié)儉的”。根據(jù)anincreaseinthesupplyofcheapimports（廉價(jià)進(jìn)口商品供應(yīng)的增加）可知，makesotherjobs(45)指的應(yīng)該是“使其他工作不賺錢”符合語境。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Whydoesstorytellingendureacrosstimeandcultures?Perhapstheanswerliesinourevolutionaryroots.AstudyofthewaythatpeoplerespondtoVictorianliteraturehintsthatnovelsactasasocialglue,reinforcingthetypesofbehaviourthatbenefitsociety.

Literature“couldcontinuallyconditionsocietysothatwefightagainstbaseimpulsesandworkinacooperativeway’’,saysJonathanGottschallofWashingtonandJeffersonCollege,Pennsylvania.Heandco-authorJosephCarrollattheUniversityofMissouri,St.Louis,studyhowDarwin’stheoriesofevolutionapplytoliterature.AlongwithJohnJohnson,anevolutionarypsychologistatPennsylvaniaStateUniversityinDuBois,theresearchersasked500peopletofillinaquestionnaireabout200classicVictoriannovels.Therespondentswereaskedtodefinecharactersasprotagonistsorantagonistsandthentodescribetheirpersonalityandmotives,suchaswhethertheywereconscientiousorpowerhungry.

Theteamfoundthatthecharactersfellintogroupsthatmirroredtheegalitariandynamicsofasocietyinwhichindividualdominanceissuppressedforthegreatergood{EvolutionaryPsychology,vol4,p716).Protagonists,suchasElizabethBennettinJaneAusten’sPrideandPrejudice,forexample,scoredhighlyonconscientiousnessandnurturing,whileantagonistslikeBramStoker’sCountDraculascoredhighlyonstatus-seekingandsocialdominance.Inthenovels,dominantbehaviouris“powerfullystigmatized’’,saysGottschall“Badguysandgirlsarejustdominancemachines;theyareobsessedwithgettingahead,theyrarelyhavepro-socialbehaviours.”

Whilefewintoday’sworldliveinhunter-gatherersocieties,“thepoliticaldynamicatworkinthesenovels,thebasicoppositionbetweencommunitarianismanddominancebehaviour,isauniversaltheme”,saysCarroll.ChristopherBoehm,aculturalanthropologistwhoseworkCarrollacknowledgeswasanimportantinfluenceonthestudy,agrees.“Modemdemocracies,withtheirformalchecksandbalances,arecarryingforwardanegalitarianideal”.

Afewcharacterswerejudgedtobebothgoodandbad,suchasHeathcliffinEmilyBronte’sWutheringHeightsorAusten’sMr.Darcy.“Theyrevealthepressurebeingexercisedonmaintainingthetotalsocialorder,”saysCarroll.

BoehmandCarrollbelievenovelshavethesameeffectasthecautionarytalestoldinoldersocieties.“Novelshaveafunctionthatcontinuestocontributetothequalityandstructureofgrouplife,”saysBoehm.“Maybestorytelling—fromTVtofolktales—actuallyservessomespecificevolutionaryadaptation,”saysGottschall.They’renotjustproductsofevolutionaryadaptation.

1.Accordingtothestudymentionedinthepassage,whichoneofthefollowingbestdefinesthefunctionofliteratureinhumansociety?

2.Whatweretherespondentsintheresearchaskedtodo?

3.Whatissaidaboutthebadguysandgirlsinnovels?

4.Inthepoliticaldynamicofliterature,towhatisdominantbehaviorsetopposed?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ithelpswiththeevolutionaryprogress.

B.Ithelpsadvocatepeople’sbaseimpulseandconscientiousness.

C.Itreinforcesthetypesofbehaviorthebenefitacooperativesociety.

D.Itsuppressesbaseimpulsesandsetsregulationsforsociety.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Toidentifyprotagonistsandantagonistsinsomenovelsanddescribethem.

B.Togroupcharactersinnovelswhomirrortheegalitariandynamicofasociety.

C.Togivescorestoliterarycharacterinregardtosocialdominance.

D.Totellthebadguysfromthegoodonesinsomenovels.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyareprotagoniststhatarepowerfullystigmatized.

B.Theyarealwaysafraidofgettingaheadofothers.

C.Theyrarelyhavebehaviorsthatprotectthesociety.

D.Theyalwaysseekdominantstatusinsociety.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theuniversalthemeofpower.

B.Theegalitarianideal.

C.Modemdemocracies.

D.Formalchecksandbalancesofatraditionalsociety.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.斷推理題。題干：根據(jù)文中提到的研究，下列哪一項(xiàng)最能定義文學(xué)在人類社會(huì)中的作用？第一段第二句提到“Astudy…h(huán)intsthatnovelsactasasocialglue,reinforcingthetypesofbehaviourthatbenefitsociety”，說明小說扮演著社會(huì)粘合劑，可以加強(qiáng)有益社會(huì)的行為。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。A選項(xiàng)中的“有助進(jìn)化”，文中未提及；B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在動(dòng)詞“advocate”，文中說的是“fightagainst”；D選項(xiàng)中錯(cuò)在“setregulations”

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：調(diào)查中的受訪者被要求做什么？由題干定位到第二段最后一句“herespondentswereaskedtodefinecharactersasprotagonistsorantagonistsandthentodescribetheirpersonalityandmotives…”，要求受訪者將小說人物分為主角和反面角色，然后說明各自的性格和動(dòng)機(jī)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：小說里關(guān)于壞男孩和壞女孩的說了些什么？文章第三段最后一句說到“Badguysandgirlsarejustdominancemachines;theyareobsessedwithgettingahead,theyrarelyhavepro-socialbehaviours”，可知壞人想要出人頭地，很少做有益社會(huì)的活動(dòng)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：在文學(xué)的政治動(dòng)態(tài)中，統(tǒng)治行為與什么相對立？由題干定位到第四段第一句“…thepoliticaldynamicatworkinthesenovels,thebasicoppositionbetweencommunitarianismanddominancebehavior…”，可知共有社會(huì)主義與統(tǒng)治行為的本質(zhì)對抗是永恒的主題。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese

Ibelievethateveryhumanbeinghasatalent-somethingthathecanbebetterthananyoneelse.AndIbelievethatthedistinctionbetweenso-called“creative”talentsandordinaryrun-of-the-milltalentsisanunnecessaryandman-madedistinction.Ihaveknownexterminators,typists,waitressesandmachinistswhosecreativejoyandself-fulfillmentintheirworkcouldnotbysurpassedbyShakespeare’sorEinstein’s

Ialsobelievethatintheprocessofsearching,noexperienceiseverwasted,unlessweallowourselvestorunoutofhope.InmyowncaseIhad34differentjobsbeforeIfoundtherightone.Manyofthesejobswereheartbreakinglydifficult.Afewoftheminvolvedworkingwithunscrupulousandhorriblyunpleasantpeople,yet,inlookingback,Icanseethatthemostunpleasantofthesejobs,inmanycases,givemethebiggestdividends—themostvaluablepreparationformyproperlifework.

【答案】我認(rèn)為，每個(gè)人都會(huì)在某一方面比別人更有天賦。我認(rèn)為沒有必要去區(qū)分所謂的“創(chuàng)造性”天賦和普通天賦，這些不過是認(rèn)為的區(qū)分。我認(rèn)識(shí)的殺蟲員、打字員、女服務(wù)員、機(jī)械師，他們在工作中所創(chuàng)造的快樂和滿足感是莎士比亞和愛因斯坦都無法超越的。

我也相信在探索的過程中，任何經(jīng)歷都不會(huì)被浪費(fèi)，除非我們允許自己放棄希望。就我自己而言，在找到合適的那份工作之前，我嘗試過34份工作，其中一些工作特別艱難。少數(shù)幾份工作需要和一些難以相處的人共事，但是回過頭來我發(fā)現(xiàn)那些令人最難堪的工作給了我最豐厚的報(bào)酬—成為我正確事業(yè)生涯的最有價(jià)值的準(zhǔn)備。

16.單選題

Livinginclose______toone’sneighborscanbecozyandcomforting,butlivingontopofoneanothercanbesuffocating.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.homogeneity

B.proximity

C.lingering

D.access

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)homogeneity“同質(zhì)，同種”，B項(xiàng)proximity“接近”，C項(xiàng)lingering“拖延的，遲遲不結(jié)束的”，D項(xiàng)access“通道，進(jìn)入，機(jī)會(huì)”。根據(jù)but可知，前后句子為轉(zhuǎn)折，由后面的butlivingontopofoneanothercanbesuffocating（但是住在一個(gè)鄰居的上面可能會(huì)令人窒息）對比可知，前面空格處應(yīng)該表示“住在鄰居隔壁”，B項(xiàng)符合。句意：住得離鄰居很近是很舒適的，但是住在一個(gè)鄰居的上面可能會(huì)令人窒息。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

17.單選題

Itwas（

）thattherestaurantdiscriminatedagainstblackcustomers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.addicted

B.assaulted

C.alleged

D.ascribed

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)addict“使沉迷”；B選項(xiàng)assault“攻擊、襲擊”；C選項(xiàng)allege“宣稱，斷言”；D選項(xiàng)ascribe“歸于”。這里重點(diǎn)考查的是固定搭配itisallegedthat意思是“據(jù)指稱，有人稱”。根據(jù)從句部分“therestaurantdiscriminatedagainstblackcustomers”可知空格部分意思為“據(jù)說，據(jù)稱”，句意為：據(jù)說這家旅店歧視黑人顧客。選項(xiàng)C符合句子語境意思。

18.單選題

PreviousresearchbyscientistsfromKeilUniversityinGermanymonitoredAdeliepenguinsandnotedthatt