考研考博-英語-南寧師范大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南寧師范大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Manychildrenoften（）whyairplanescanflylikebirdswhilewehumanscannot.

問題1選項

A.expect

B.wonder

C.assume

D.anticipate

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項expect“猜想；認為；料想”；B選項wonder“想知道，琢磨”；C選項assume“設想；承擔；采取”；D選項anticipate“預期；期盼”。句意：許多孩子經常（）為什么飛機能像鳥一樣飛，而我們人類不能。根據語境，wonder“想知道，琢磨”和why搭配比較合理。因此B選項正確。

2.翻譯題

Itwasableak,rainyday,andIhadnodesiretodriveupthewindingmountainroadtomydaughterCarolyn’shouse.ButshehadinsistedthatIcomeandseesomethingatthetopofthemountain.

Turningdownanarrowtrack,weparkedthecarandgotout.Wewalkedalongapaththatwasthickwitholdpineneedles.Hugeblackgreenevergreenstoweredover.Graduallythepeaceandsilenceoftheplacebegantofillmymind.Thenweturnedacorner—andIstoppedandgaspedinamazement.

Fromthetopofthemountain,slopingforseveralacresacrossfoldsandvalleyswereriversofdaffodilsinradiantbloom.Aprofusionofcolor—fromthepalestivorytothedeepestlemontothemostvividsalmon—blazedlikeacarpetbeforeus.Itlookedasthoughthesunhadtippedoverandspilledgolddownthemountainside.

Ariotofquestionsfilledmymind.Whocreatedsuchbeauty?Why?How?

Asweapproachedthehomethatstoodinthecenteroftheproperty,wesawasign:ANSWERSTOTHEQUESTIONSIKNOWYOUAREASKING.Thefirstanswerwas:ONEWOMAN—TWOHANDS,TWOFEETANDVERYLITTLEBRAIN.Thesecondwas:ONEATATIME.Thethird:STARTEDIN1958.

Aswedrovehome,IwassomovedbywhatwehadseenthatIcouldscarcelyspeak.“Shechangedtheworld,”Ifinallysaid,“onebulbatatime.Shestartedalmost40yearsago,probablyjustthebeginningofanidea,butshekeptatit.”Thewonderofitwouldnotletmego.“Imagine,”Isaid,“ifI’dhadavisionandworkedatit,justalittlebiteveryday,whatmighthaveIaccomplished?”

【答案】【參考譯文】凄風細雨，山路蜿蜒，我毫無興致驅車前往女兒卡羅琳的家?？膳畠阂欢ㄒ仪叭タ纯瓷巾斏系木爸?。

轉過一條狹窄的小道我們停下車出來，沿著鋪滿厚厚一層松針的小路走去。頭頂上高大的墨綠色常青樹聳入云霄。漸漸地這地方的平和寧靜開始令我陶醉。然后我們拐了個彎，我停下了腳步，驚詫不已。

從山頂往下好幾英畝的山坡上，滿是怒放的水仙花，猶如江河直下，越過山坳，穿過峽谷，一片五彩繽紛：有潔凈無比的象牙白，有極其濃郁的檸檬黃，有鮮艷奪目的鮭魚橙，如同一幅地毯展現在我們而前，令人眼花繚亂。仿佛太陽傾翻了，把一片金光溢瀉到了山坡上。

一大堆問題在我的腦海中翻騰。誰創(chuàng)造了這種美景？為什么要創(chuàng)造？又是如何創(chuàng)造的？

我們走近這塊寶地中央的屋子，只見一塊牌子上寫著：我知道你要問的問題，答案如下。答案一：一位婦女，一雙手，兩只腳，而且天資不高。答案二：一次種一株。答案三：開始于1958年。

驅車回家的路上，我為所見的一切感動不已，無言以對?！八脑炝耸澜?，”我終于說道?！耙淮畏N一株。她幾乎40年前就開始了。當時也許只是一念之閃，但她持之以恒。”這一奇觀令我回味良久。“試想，”我說道，“如果我有一個夢想，并為之努力，每天干一點，最后我會做出怎樣的成績呢？”

3.翻譯題

Arecentphenomenoninpresent-dayscienceandtechnologyistheincreasingtrendtoward“directed”or“programmed”research;i.e.researchwhosescopeandobjectivesarepredeterminedbyprivateorgovernmentorganizationsratherthanresearchersthemselves.Anyscientistworkingforsuchorganizationsandinvestigatinginagivenfieldthereforetendstodosoinaccordancewithaplanorprogramdesignedbeforehand.

Atthebeginningofthecentury,however,thesituationwasquitedifferent.Atthattimetherewerenoindustrialresearchorganizationsinthemodernsense;thelaboratoryunitconsistedofafewscientistsatthemost,assistedbyoneortwotechnicians.Nevertheless,thescientist,oftenworkingwithinadequateequipmentinunsuitablerooms,wasfreetochooseanysubjectforinvestigationheliked,sincetherewasnopredeterminedprogramtowhichhehadtoconform.

Asthecenturydeveloped,theincreasingmagnitudeandcomplexityoftheproblemstobesolvedmadeitimpossible,inmanycases,fortheindividualscientisttodealwiththehugemassofnewdata,techniquesandequipmentthatwererequiredforcarryingoutresearchaccuratelyandefficiently.Theincreasingscaleandscopeoftheexperimentsneededtotestnewhypothesesanddevelopnewtechniquesandindustrialprocessesledtothesettingupofresearchgroupsorteamsusinghighly-complicatedequipmentinelaborately-designedlaboratories.Owingtothelargesumofmoneyinvolved,itwasthenfeltessentialtodirectthesehumanandmaterialresourcesintospecificchannelswithclearly-definedobjectives.Inthiswayitwasconsideredthatthequickestandmostpracticalresultscouldbeobtained.This,then,wasprogrammed(programmatic)research.

Oneoftheeffectsofthisorganizedandstandardizedinvestigationistocausethescientisttobecomeincreasinglyinvolvedinappliedresearch(development),especiallyinthebranchesofsciencewhichseemmostlikelytohaveindustrialapplications.Privateindustryandevengovernmentdepartmentstendtoconcentrateonimmediateresultsandshowcomparativelylittleinterestinlong-rangeinvestigations.

Inconsequence,thereisasteadyshiftofscientistsfromthepuretotheappliedfield,wheretherearemorejobsavailable,frequentlymorehighly-paidandwithbettertechnicalfacilitiesthanjobsconnectedwithpureresearchinauniversity.

Owingtotheinterdependencebetweenpureandappliedscience,itiseasytoseethatthissystem,ifextendedtoofar,carriesconsiderabledangersforthefutureofscience—notonlypurescience,butappliedscienceaswell.

【答案】現代科學技術的一個最新現象是:科學研究越來越朝著“有領導的”或“有計劃的”趨勢發(fā)展，也就是說，研究的范圍和目標是由私營機構或政府機構，而不是由研究人員自己事先決定的。

隨著本世紀時間的推移，有待解決的問題的重要性與日俱增，其復雜性日趨深化。這就使單個的科學家在許多情況下無法處理進行精確而又高效研究所需要的大量新資料、新技術和新設備。

因此，科學家不斷從純科學領域轉移到應用科學領域，因為這一領域有更多的工作機會。同大學里的純理論研究工作相比，這些工作的待遇往往更優(yōu)厚，技術設施也更好。

4.單選題

Doctorsareinterestedinusinglasersasasurgicaltoolinoperationsonpeoplewhoare（）toheartattack.

問題1選項

A.prone

B.disposed

C.infectious

D.accessible

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。beproneto“易于…，有…的傾向”；bedisposedto“愿意…，使易感染”；beaccessibleto“容易接近的，容易進入的”。句意：醫(yī)生對于運用激光給心臟病人做手術很感興趣。A項符合題意。

5.單選題

Whatisperhapsofgreatimportanceisthefactthatshechallengedthedecisionofheremployersandwonthecase（

）.

問題1選項

A.intheextreme

B.tothepoint

C.againstallodds

D.aroundthecomer

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。intheextreme“非常，極度”；tothepoint“中肯，切題”；againstallodds“困難重重”；aroundthecomer“即將到來”。語境為：最重要的或許在于，她敢于質疑雇主的決定，并且克服重重困難最終獲得勝利。選項C符合句意。

6.單選題

Languageelementsaretoaliteraturework（

）constructionmaterialstoabuilding.

問題1選項

A.that

B.which

C.what

D.so

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結構。結合句意可知are后面缺個名詞做表語，只有what可以，句意為：語言對于文學作品而言就如建筑材料對于建筑物一樣。故答案選C。

7.單選題

Thetwoscholarsworkedatthetaskofwritingaprefacetothenewdictionaryforthreehours（）lastnight.

問題1選項

A.atlength

B.infull

C.onend

D.intime

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語詞義辨析。選項A：atlength“最后，詳細地”；選項B：infull“全部，充分，充足”；選項C：onend“連續(xù)地；豎著”;選項D：intime“及時”。由題意可知，選項C正確。句意：為了給那本新詞典寫序，這兩位學者昨晚連續(xù)花了三個小時。

8.單選題

Wecannotbe（）withhimduetohismisbehavioratthemeetingyesterday.

問題1選項

A.Pecked

B.reconciled

C.perturbed

D.presumed

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。peck啄食；perturb感到不安；presumed推定。Bereconcilewith為固定搭配，表示與……和解。

9.填空題

“TheIAEAshouldpositivelyclarifyrelevantproblemsbycooperatingwithIraninafairand_______manner”and“IranshouldbeflexibleandsincerewhencooperatingwiththeIAEA,”Xinhuareported,citingHong.(person)

【答案】impersonal

【解析】【考查點】形容詞。

【解題思路】根據橫線前的and，可知fair和橫線處表示并列，所以橫線處應為形容詞，并且意思和fair對應，impersonal意思為“非指個人的，客觀的”，符合語境。

【句意】新華社援引洪磊的話說：“國際原子能機構應該以公平、客觀的方式與伊朗合作，積極澄清有關問題。伊朗在與國際原子能機構合作時，應該靈活、真誠?！?/p>

10.單選題

Nearlyathirdofparentssaytheyfeel（）intotheirhomesbutcannotaffordtomovetoabiggerproperty,areportrevealstoday.

問題1選項

A.squealed

B.squeezed

C.squared

D.sneezed

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近詞辨析?？崭袂笆莊eel，因此空格處應填形容詞。squealed“大聲尖叫的”；persistent”固執(zhí)的；堅持的“；squeezed”擠壓的，擁擠的“；squared”方格的“。句意：今日公布的一份報告顯示，近三分之一的父母表示，他們覺得自己的家……，但卻買不起更大的房子。因此選項B符合題意。

11.翻譯題

思維這一主題是心理學的一個研究領域，許多觀察者在研究機器人和計算機時都考慮到了這一方面：一些由來已久的關于AI（人工智能）的憂慮與計算機能否思考密切相關。第一批巨大的能快速運算（即使往往不太可靠）并且?guī)缀趸蛲耆荒苓M行創(chuàng)造性活動的電子計算機，不久便被稱作“電腦”。接著很快便產生了對這一術語的反應：為了做到恰如其分，人們把計算機稱作“高速白癡”，以保護人類的虛榮心。在這樣一種氛圍里，人們很少考慮計算機可以實際上具有生命的可能性：計算機竟有可能思考，這已經夠糟糕的了。但并不是人人都意識到“高速白癡”這一稱謂的含義是什么。人們很少提到的是：即使是人類中的白癡，也是地球上最有智慧的生命形態(tài)之一，如果早期的計算機就有那么聰明，那已經就是很了不起的事了。

【答案】Thetopicofthoughtisoneareaofpsychology,andmanyobservershaveconsideredthisaspectinconnectionwithrobotsandcomputers:someoftheoldworriesaboutAI(artificialintelligence)werecloselylinkedtothequestionofwhethercomputerscouldthink.Thefirstmassiveelectroniccomputers,capableofrapid(ifoftenunreliable)computationandlittleornocreativeactivity,weresoonnamed“electronicbrains”.Areactiontothisterminologyquicklyfollowed:Toputthemintheirplace,computerswerecalled“high-speedidiots”,anefforttoprotecthumanvanity.Insuchaclimate,thepossibilityofcomputersactuallybeingalivewasrarelyconsidered:itwasbadenoughthatcomputersmightbecapableofthought.Butnoteveryonerealizedtheimplicationsoftheexpressionthe“high-speedidiot”tag.Ithasnotbeenpointedoutoftenenoughthateventhehumanidiotisoneofthemostintelligentlifeformsontheearth.Iftheearlycomputerswereeventhatintelligent,itwasalreadyaremarkablestateofaffairs.

12.單選題

TherailwayticketforonesinglejourneybetweenBeijingandShanghaiis（

）forfivedays.

問題1選項

A.fruitful

B.beneficial

C.valid

D.effective

【答案】C

【解析】句意:北京和上海之間的單程火車票五日內有效。

考查形容詞辨析。Fruitful成果豐碩的,富有成效的;beneficial有利的;valid有效的,(正式)認可的,符合邏輯的;effective有效果的,起作用的。這里指火車票的有效時間,故C符合句意。

13.單選題

Hecouldeasilyhavewonascholarshipifhewouldhavedevotedmoretimetohisschoolwork.

A

B

C

D

問題1選項

A.could

B.havewon

C.wouldhavedevoted

D.hisschoolwork

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。if引導的虛擬語氣，對過去情況假設，主句：主語＋would/should/might/couldhave＋動詞過去分詞，從句：had＋動詞過去分詞。

試題答案：C;haddevoted

14.單選題

FlanneryO’Connorwasnotas（）assomewriterswhoturnoutreamsofmaterials,butherstoriesareconsideredgemsthatliveonafterherearlyandtragicdeath.

問題1選項

A.potential

B.prolific

C.vitriolic

D.vicarious

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。potential“有潛力的”；prolific“多產的”；vitriolic“硫酸的，刻薄的”；vicarious“替代的，代理的”。句意：FlanneryOConnor不像一些創(chuàng)作大量作品的作家那樣多產。選項B符合題意。

15.單選題

Theworld'slastknowncaseofsmallpoxwasreportedinSomalia,theHornofAfrica,inOctober1977.ThevictimwasayoungcookcalledAliMaowMaalin.Hiscasebecomesalandmarkinmedicalhistory,forsmallpoxisthefirstcommunicablediseaseevertobeeradicated.

TheremarkablecampaigntofreetheworldofsmallpoxhasbeenledbytheWorldHealthOrganization.TheHomofAfrica,embracingtheOgadenregionofEthiopiaandSomalia,wasoneofthelastfewsmallpoxriddenareasoftheworldwhentheWHO-sponsoredSmallpoxEradicationProgramme(SEP)gotunderwaytherein1971.

Manyofthe25millioninhabitants,mostlyfarmersandnomadslivinginawildnessofdesert,bushandmountains,alreadyhadsmallpox.Theproblemoftracingthediseaseinsuchformidablecountrywasexacerbatedfurtherbythecontinuouswarfareinthearea.

Theprogrammeconcentratedonanimaginativepolicyof"searchandcontainment."Vaccinationwasusedtoreducethewidespreadincidenceofthedisease,butthesuccessofthecampaigndependedontheworkofvolunteers.Theseweremenpaidbytheday,whowalkedhundredsofmilesinsearchof"rumors"—--informationaboutpossiblesmallpoxcases.

Oftentheserumorsturnedouttobecasesofmeasles,chickenpoxorsyphilis—-butnothingcouldbelefttochance.Asthecampaignprogressedthediseasewasgraduallybroughtundercontrol.BySeptember1976theSEPmadeitsfirstreportthatnonewcaseshadbeenreported.Butthatfirstoptimismwasshort-lived.Athree-year-oldgirlcalledAminaSalat,fromadustyvillageintheOgadeninthesouth-eastofEthiopia,hadgivensmallpoxtoayoungnomadvisitor.LeavingthevillagethenomadhadwalkedacrosstheborderintoSomalia.Therebeinfected3,000people,andamongthemhadbeenthecook,Ali.Itwasafurther14monthsbeforetheelusive"targetzero"—nofurthercases—wasreached.

Evennow,thesearchcontinuesin"highrisk"areasandinpartsofthecountryuncheckedforsometime.Theflowofrumorshasnowdiminishedtoatrickle—buteachmuststillbecheckedbyaqualifiedperson.

Victoryisinsight,buttwoyearsmustpasssincethe"lastcase"beforeanInternationalCommissioncandeclarethattheworldisentirelyfreefromsmallpox.

1.AliMaowMaalin’scaseissignificantbecausehewasthe（

）.

2.Theworktostampoutsmallpoxwasmademoredifficultby（

）.

3.Thevolunteersmentionedwerepaidto（

）.

4.Nowadays,smallpoxinvestigationsareonlycarriedout（

）.

問題1選項

A.lastpersontobecuredofsmallpoxinSomalia.

B.lastknownsuffererofsmallpoxintheworld

C.firstsmallpoxvictimintheHomofAfrica

D.firstSomaliantobevaccinatedforsmallpox

問題2選項

A.people'sunwillingnesstoreportcases

B.thelackofvaccine

C.thebackwardnessoftheregion

D.theincessantlocalwars

問題3選項

A.findoutaboutthereportedcasesofsmallpox.

B.vaccinatepeopleinremoteareas

C.teachpeoplehowtotreatsmallpox.

D.preventinfectedpeoplefrommovingaround

問題4選項

A.atregulartwo-yearlyintervals

B.whennewsofanoutbreakoccurs.

C.inthoseareaswithprevioushistoryofthedisease

D.byatrainedprofessional

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據題干關鍵詞“AliMaowMaalin”定位到原文首段“Theworld'slastknowncaseofsmallpoxwasreportedinSomalia,theHornofAfrica,inOctober1977.ThevictimwasayoungcookcalledAliMaowMaalin.Hiscasebecomesalandmarkinmedicalhistory,forsmallpoxisthefirstcommunicablediseaseevertobeeradicated.”，中文翻譯：世界上最后一例已知的天花病例發(fā)生在索馬里，非洲之角，于1977年10月。受害者是名叫阿里?馬林的年輕廚師。他的病例成為醫(yī)學史上的一個里程碑，因為天花是有史以來第一種被根除的傳染病?？梢酝茢喑龃鸢高x擇B“世界上最后一位已知的天花患者”。

2.推理判斷題。根據題干定位到第四段“Vaccinationwasusedtoreducethewidespreadincidenceofthedisease,butthesuccessofthecampaigndependedontheworkofvolunteers.Theseweremenpaidbytheday,whowalkedhundredsofmilesinsearchof"rumors"—informationaboutpossiblesmallpoxcases.”，中文翻譯為：疫苗用于減少疾病發(fā)生率的蔓延，但是，這場“戰(zhàn)爭”的成功取決于志愿者的工作。這些人是按日計酬的，然后他們?yōu)閷ふ摇爸{言”一一有關可能是天花病歷的信息而步行數百里?？芍?，A項“人們不愿意報告病歷”符合題目描述。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據題干可定位到原文第四段“Theseweremenpaidbytheday,whowalkedhundredsofmilesinsearchof‘rumors’—informationaboutpossiblesmallpoxcases.”，中文翻譯為：這些人是按日計酬的，然后他們?yōu)閷ふ摇爸{言”一一有關可能是天花病歷的信息而步行數百里。可知。A選項“調查發(fā)生的天花病例”正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據題干可定位到原文倒數第二段“Evennow,thesearchcontinuesin‘highrisk’areasandinpartsofthecountryuncheckedforsometime.”，中文翻譯為：即使是現在，搜索工作仍在“高風險”地區(qū)和該國中一段時間沒有接受檢查的地區(qū)繼續(xù)進行。C選項“在那些有這種疾病史的地區(qū)”符合題意。

16.單選題

TheGovernmenthasthereforeagreedtopayauthoritiesextrasumsto（）fortheirfinanciallosses.

問題1選項

A.makeup

B.turnup

C.fillin

D.leanon

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項makeup“組成，編造，彌補”；B選項turnup“出現，發(fā)生”；C選項fillin“填寫”；D選項leanon“依賴，靠在……上”。句意：政府因此同意向當局支付額外的金額，以彌補他們的經濟損失。makeupfor意為“補償，彌補”，選項A正確。

17.單選題

Theappearanceofthisusedcarisquite（

）,anditismuchnewerthanitreallyis.

問題1選項

A.descriptive

B.impressive

C.deceptive

D.indicative

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。Descriptive“描述性的”；impressive“令人印象深刻的”；deceptive“欺騙性的，迷惑的”；indicative“指示的”。根據句意“這輛舊車看起來比實際上要新”可知前文是說車的外表有迷惑性，所以選項C符合題意。

18.單選題

Intheendthelittleboywenttoschoolwithoutsomucha________ofprotest.

問題1選項

A.whimper

B.whim

C.whirl

D.whistle

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項“whimper”，意為“抽泣，吹口哨”；B選項“whim”，意為“心血來潮，突發(fā)奇想”，C選項“whirl”，意為“旋轉，回轉”，D選項“whistle”，意為“口哨，汽笛聲”。句意：最后，小男孩去上學了，并沒有多少抗議的念頭。因此，B選項符合題意。

19.翻譯題

Itisimpossibletooveremphasizetheimportanceofcommercialactivitytoacountryanditspeople.Inalmostalldevelopingcountries,economicdevelopmentdependsupongrowthinexporttrade,whichinturncreatesjobsandraiseslivingstandards.Theincreasingimportrequirementswhichflowfromeconomicdevelopmentmustsomehowbefinanced,fromforeignexchangereceipts,derivedfromexportearningsandcapitalinvestment.Withoutdynamicexpansioninexportsthegrowthofyourcountry’seconomywillalmostcertainlyslacken.Yourobjectiveasacommercialrepresentativeisobviouslytodothebestpossiblejobimprovingyourcountry’sexportearningsinthebroadestmeaningoftheterm.

Thetimehaslongsincearrivedtorecognizecommercialrepresentationasaprofessionperse,thesuccessfulexerciseorwhichispositivelycorrelatedwithcarefulinitialselectionofcommercialrepresentatives,thelevelandcontentoftheirformaleducationandspecializedtraining,thelengthandvarietyoftheirpertinentexperience,andthequalityofsupporttheyreceivefromthetradepromotionorganization(TPO)orministryathome.

【答案】商務活動對于一個國家及其人民來說，無論怎么強調它的重要性都不過分。在幾乎所有發(fā)展中國家，經濟發(fā)展取決于出口貿易的增長，而出口貿易反過來又能創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機會并提高生活水平。由于經濟發(fā)展而增加的對進口物資的需求，這種需求必須以某種方式從外匯交易、出口收入和對外投資中獲得資金。沒有出口的有力擴張，國家的經濟增長速度肯定會放慢。作為一名商務代表，你們的目標從廣泛意義上來說顯然是盡最大努力提高你們國家的出口創(chuàng)匯能力。

駐外商務代表本身是一種職業(yè)，這是早就應該承認的事實，其成功與否與商務代表的慎重選擇息息相關。是否有正規(guī)教育和專門訓練的水平和內容、他們過去的相關經驗的多少和內容，以及他們能從國內貿易促進組織(TPO)或商務部獲得的什么樣的支持，這些都是應該考慮的內容。

20.單選題

Wecannotalways（）thewind,sonewwindmillsshouldbesodesignedthattheycanalsobedrivenbywater.

問題1選項

A.hangon

B.holdon

C.counton

D.comeon

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析。hangon“堅持下去，不掛斷”；holdon“堅持，繼續(xù)”；counton“指望，依靠”；comeon“開始”。句意：我們不能總是依靠風，所以新的風車應該設計得也能由水驅動。選項C符合題意。

21.單選題

Theexperienceddriverlookedovertheenginecarefullylestit（）ontheway.

問題1選項

A.goeswrong

B.wouldgowrong

C.wentwrong

D.gowrong

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。lest“唯恐；以免”，常用于虛擬語氣，謂語用“should+動詞原形，should可以省略。故本題答案選項為D。句意：這位有經驗的司機仔細檢查了發(fā)動機以免在路上發(fā)生故障。

22.單選題

Thismonumentimagewasdesignedto（stirup）emotionsofaweandrespect,butcouldscarcelyevokefeelingsofwarmthandaffection.

問題1選項

A.tangle

B.teem

C.stipulate

D.agitate

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。stirup表示“激起，煽動”；A項tangle“（使）纏結在一起，（使）亂成一團”，B項teem“大量出現，充滿”，C項stipulate“規(guī)定，保證”，D項agitate“搖動，騷動”。句意：這個紀念碑形象的設計是為了激起敬畏和尊敬的情緒，但幾乎不能喚起溫暖和喜愛的感情。根據句意可知，該題選擇D項正確。

23.單選題

Wedoalotofcollectivethinking,probablymorethananyothersocialspecies,althoughitgoesoninsomethinglikesecrecy.Wedon’tacknowledgethegiftpublicly,andwearenotascelebratedastheinsects,butwedoit.Effortlesslywithoutgivingitamoment'sthought,wearecapableofchangingourlanguage,music,manners,morals,entertainment,eventhewaywedress,allaroundtheearthinayear'sturning.Weseemtodothisbygeneralagreement,withoutvotingorevenpolling.Wesimplythinkourwayalong,passinformationaround,exchangecodesdisguisedasart,changeourminds,andtransformourselves.

Computerscannotdealwithsuchlevelsofimprobability,anditisjustaswell.Otherwise,wemightbetemptedtotakeoverthecontrolofourselvesinordertomakelong-rangeplans,andthatwouldsurelybetheendofus.Itwouldmeanthatsomegrouporother,marvelouslyintelligentandsuperblyinformed,undoubtedlyguidedbyacomputer,wouldbegindecidingwhathumansocietyoughttobelike,say,overthenextfivehundredyearsorso,andtherestofuswouldbepersuaded,onewayoranother,togoalong.Theprocessofsocialevolutionwouldthengrindtoastandstill,andwe'dbestuckintoday'srutforamillennium.

Muchbetterweworkourwayoutofitonourownwithoutgovernance.Thefutureistoointerestinganddangeroustobeentrustedtoanypredictable,reliableagency.Weneedallthefallibilitywecanget.Mostofall,weneedtopreservetheabsoluteunpredictabilityandtotalimprobabilityofourconnectedminds.Thatwaywecankeepopenalltheoptions,aswehaveinthepast.

Itwouldbenicetohavebetterwaysofmonitoringwhatwe'reuptosothatwecouldrecognizechangewhileitisoccurring,insteadofwakingupaswedonowtotheastonishedrealizationthatthewholecenturyjustpastwasn'twhatwethoughtitwasatall.Maybecomputerscanbeusedtohelpinthis,althoughIratherdoubtit.Youcanmakesimulationmodelsofcities,butwhatyoulearnisthattheyseemtobebeyondthereachofintelligentanalysis;ifyoutrytousecommonsensetomakepredictions;thingsgetmorebotchedupthanever.Thisisinteresting,sinceacityisthemostconcentratedaggregationofhumans,allexertingwhateverinfluencetheycanbringtobear.Thecityseemstohavealifeofitsown.Ifwecannotunderstandhowthisworks,wearenotlikelytogetveryfarwithhumansocietyatlarge.

Still,you’dthinktherewouldbesomewayin.Joinedtogether,thegreatmassofhumanmindsaroundtheearthseemstobehavelikeacoherent,livingsystem.Thetroubleisthattheflowofinformationismostlyone-way.Weareallobsessedbytheneedtofeedinformationin,asfastaswecan,butwelacksensingmechanismsforgettinganythingmuchback.IwillconfessthatIhavenomoresenseofwhatgoesoninthemindofmankindthan1haveofthemindofanant.Cometothinkofit,thismightbeagoodplacetostart.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

2.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“computercannotdealwithsuchlevelsofimprobability,anditisjustaswell’’(Paragraph2)?

3.Whichoneofthefollowingoptionswouldtheauthorchoose?

4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofsimulatedmodelsofcities?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

問題1選項

A.Weregardcollectivethinkingasecretthatshouldn'tbeexposedtothepublic.

B.Manistheonlyspeciesthatisendowedwiththegiftforcollectivethinking.

C.Collectivethinkingisdoneinhumansocietysometimesunconsciously.

D.Weneedtoreachgeneralagreementtoconductcollectivethinking.

問題2選項

A.Computerscan’tdealwithsuchlevelsofimprobabilityaswellasthehumanmindscando.

B.Computerscan'tdealwithsuchlevelsofimprobability,whichisbetterthantheycan.

C.Whethercomputerscanorcan'tdealwithsuchlevelsofimprobabilitydoesn’tmeanmuch.

D.Computerscanjustaswelldealwithsuchlevelsofimprobability.

問題3選項

A.Thefuturebecomesmorepredictable.

B.Humanactivitiesandcollectivethinkingshouldbeundermorecontrol.

C.Commonsenseshouldbeappliedtomakepredictions.

D.Wepossesssomesensingmechanismsforinformationfeedback.

問題4選項

A.Simulatedmodelsofcitiescan’tbemade.

B.Arealcitywillexertgreaterininfluencethanasimulatedmodelofcity.

C.Simulatedmodelsofcitiesexertinfluenceontheirinhabitants.

D.Simulatedmodelsofcitiesaredifferentfromtherealonesinthatthelatterhavelifeoftheirown.

問題5選項

A.computerswouldonedaytakecontrolofthehumansociety

B.theworkingsoftheant’smindismorecomplicatedthattheworkingsofthehumanmind

C.socialevolutionwillcometoastopifcomputersareusedtosolveproblems

D.theauthorisn'tverypositiveastowhethercomputerscanmonitorwhatwe’reupto

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。A:我們認為集體思維是一不應該被公開的秘密。文章指出:我們不公開地承認這個天賦，因此A項不符合原文所述。B:人類是唯一具有集體性思考天賦的物種。文章表明:我們人類相比任何其他社會物種可能進行更多的集體性思考，因此B項不符合原文所述。C:集體性思考在人類社會中有時是無意識地進行的。第一段第一句指出:Wedoalotofcollectivethinking,probablymorethananyothersocialspecies,althoughitgoesoninsomethinglikesecrecy(我們人類相比任何其他社會物種可能進行更多的集體性思考，但該思考卻是秘密地進行)。因此C項正確。D:我們需要達成一致意見才可進行集體思維。

第2題:語義題。對于該句句意的理解可參考第二段第二句:Otherwise,wemightbetemptedtotakeoverthecontrolofourselvesinordertomakelong-rangeplans,andthatwouldsurelybetheendofus(否則，我們人類可能為了制定長遠的計劃而被誘惑去控制自己，而那無疑意味著我們的結束)。由此推測B項“計算機不具備處理如此水平的不大可能的事情比具有更好”正確。A:計算機不能像人類大腦那樣處理這種不可能的程度，此項只是表達了題干中句子前半部分的意思，故排除。C:計算機能否處理此水平的不大可能的事情并不重要，這與第二段第二句表述不符，故排除。D:計算機也能處理好此水平的不大可能的事情，第二段第一句指出:computercannotdealwithsuchlevelsofimprobability(計算機不具備處理如此水平的不大可能的事情)。因此D項不符合原文所述。本題選B。

第3題:判斷推理題。A:未來會更能預測。B:人類的活動和集體性思考應該受到更多的控制。C:應用常識進行預測。D:我們有一些信息反饋的感知機制。第二段第二句指出:Otherwise,wemightbetemptedtotakeoverthecontrolofourselvesinordertomakelong-rangeplans,andthatwouldsurelybetheendofus(否則，我們人類可能為了制定長遠的計劃而被誘惑去控制自己，而那無疑意味著我們的結束)。因此B項錯誤。第四段指出:ifyoutrytousecommonsensetomakepredictions:thingsgetmorebotchedupthanever(如果你試圖用常識來預測:事情就會變得比以往任何時候都糟糕)。由此可知C項不正確。最后一段指出:butwelacksensingmechanismsforgettinganythingmuchback(但是我們缺乏讓任何信息回來的傳感機制)。因此D項不正確。本題選A。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。A:城市模擬模型無法制作。B:真實的城市相比模擬的城市模型將施加更多的影響力。C:城市的模擬模型會對其居民施加影響。D:城市模擬模型與真實城市的區(qū)別是后者有自己的生活。第四段指出:Youcanmakesimulationmodelsofcities,butwhatyoulearnisthattheyseemtobebeyondthereachofintelligentanalysis;ifyoutrytousecommonsensetomakepredictions,thingsgetmorebotchedupthanever(你可以建立城市的模擬模型，但你會發(fā)現它們似乎超出了智能分析的范圍；如果你試圖用常識來做預測，事情就會變得比以往任何時候都糟糕)。第五段指出:Still,you’dthinktherewouldbesomewayin…(你仍然覺得有其他方式…)。由此可知A項正確。而其他三項并未被提及。故選A。

第5題:判斷推理題。A:計算機終有一天會控制人類社會。B:螞蟻的思維比人類的思維更復雜。C:如果用計算機來解決問題，社會進化將停止。D:作者對計算機是否能監(jiān)視我們正在做的事情不是很肯定。第二段第二句指出:Otherwise,wemightbetemptedtotakeoverthecontrolofourselvesinordertomakelong-rangeplans,andthatwouldsurelybetheendofus(不然，我們人類可能為了制定長遠的計劃而被誘惑去控制自己，而那無疑意味著我們的結束)。因此A項不符合原文所述。B項并未被提及，故排除。文章只是說“控制人類自己的那些無意識思考”，并非C項所指的“問題”，故排除。第四段指出:Maybecomputerscanbeusedtohelpinthis,althoughIratherdoubtit(或許電腦能被用來幫助監(jiān)控我們人類在做什么，但我卻非常懷疑這點)，因此D項正確。本題選D。

24.翻譯題

II.(本題3段，每段10分)

HumanisticpsychologyHumanisticpsychologistsbelievethatbehavioristsareover-concernedwiththescientificstudyandanalysisoftheactionsofmanasanorganism,totheneglectofbasicaspectsofmanasafeeling,thinkingindividual,andthattoomucheffortisspentinlaboratoryresearch,whichquantifiesandreduceshumanbehaviortoitselements.Humanistsalsotakeissuewiththedeterministicorientationofpsychoanalysis,whichpostulatesthatman’searlyexperiencesanddrivesdeterminehisbehavior.Humaniststendtobelievethattheindividualisresponsibleforhislifeandactionsandmaytimecreativelychangehisattitudesorbehaviorthroughawarenessandwill.Thehumanistisconcernedwiththefullestgrowthoftheindividualintheareasoflove,fulfillment,self-worth,andautonomy;maturationisconsideredaprocessduringwhichoneestablishesandfollowsone’ssystemofvalues.

ExperimentmethodTheexperimentisaresearchinwhichtheinvestigatormanipulatesavariablecarefullycontrolledconditionsandobserveswhetheranychangesoccurinasecondvariableasaresult.Thus,thepurposeofanexperimentistofindouthowonevariable,let’scallitX,affectsanothervariable,whichwe’llcallY.Inthisformulation,werefertoXastheindependentvariabletoYasthedependentvariable.Anindependentvariableisaconditionoreventthatanexperimentervariesinordertoseeitsimpactonanothervariable.Agoodshortcutforsortingouttheindependentvariablesinexperimentsistofitthevariablesintotheequation“HowXaffectsY.”

IntelligenceIntelligencereferstocognitiveabilitiesofanindividualtolearnfromexperience,toreaso