考研考博-英語-天津電子信息職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津電子信息職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Fuelscarcities（）automobiledesignerstodevelopsmall-displacementvehiclesforpublicuse.

問題1選項

A.prompted

B.encouraged

C.fomented

D.spotlighted

【答案】A

【解析】句意:燃料短缺促使汽車設(shè)計師開發(fā)供公眾使用的小排量汽車。

考查動詞辨析。選項均為對應(yīng)動詞的過去式。prompt提示，促使，激起；encourage鼓勵，激勵；foment煽動，挑起；；spotlight聚光照明，使公眾注意。因此A符合句意。

2.單選題

（）isquitenatural,abeginnercan'treadthebookswritteninEnglishveryquickly.

問題1選項

A.Which

B.As

C.What

D.It

【答案】B

【解析】句意:初學(xué)者不能很快地閱讀英文原版書是很正常的。

語法題。考查非限制性定語從句。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的時候，表示“正如那樣”的含義。as指代的是后面的句子“abeginnercan'treadthebookswritteninEnglishveryquickly’’，而此處不用which,是因為定語從句中的which不能放在句首。

3.單選題

Dohelpyourselftosomefruit,（）you?

問題1選項

A.can’t

B.don’t

C.wouldn’t

D.won’t

【答案】D

【解析】考查反義疑問句。句意：吃點水果，好嗎？前半部分是表示邀請、提供對對方有益的行為等的祈使句時，反問一般用will，上文為肯定語氣，故反問部分用否定形式won’t。因此D選項正確。

4.單選題

Itisfrequentlyassumedthatthemechanizationofworkhasarevolutionaryeffectonthelivesofthepeoplewhooperatethenewmachinesandonthesocietyintowhichthemachineshavebeenintroduced.Forexample,ithasbeensuggestedthattheemploymentofwomeninindustrytookthemoutofthehousehold,theirtraditionalsphere,andfundamentallyalteredtheirpositioninsociety.Inthenineteenthcentury,whenwomenbegantoenterfactories,JulesSimon,aFrenchpolitician,warnedthatbydoingso,womenwouldgiveuptheirfemininity.FriedrichEngels,however,predictedthatwomenwouldbeliberatedfromthe“social,legal,andeconomicsubordination”ofthefamilybytechnologicaldevelopmentsthatmadepossibletherecruitmentof“thewholefemalesexintopublicindustry.”O(jiān)bserversthusdifferedconcerningthesocialdesirabilityofmechanization’seffects,buttheyagreedthatitwouldtransformwomen’slives.

Historians,particularlythoseinvestigatingthehistoryofwomen,nowseriouslyquestionthisassumptionoftransformingpower.Theyconcludethatsuchdramatictechnologicalinnovationsasthespinningjenny,thesewingmachine,thetypewriterandthevacuumcleanerhavenotresultedinequallydramaticsocialchangesinwomen’seconomicpositionorintheprevailingevaluationofwomen’swork.TheemploymentofyoungwomenintextilemillsduringtheIndustrialRevolutionwaslargelyanextensionofanolderpatternofemploymentofyoung,singlewomenasdomestics.Itwasnotthechangeinofficetechnology,butrathertheseparationofsecretarialwork,previouslyseenasanapprenticeshipforbeginningmanagers,fromadministrativeworkthatinthe1880’screatedanewclassof“dead-end”jobs,thenceforthconsidered“women’swork.”Theincreaseinthenumbersofmarriedwomenemployedoutsidethehomeinthetwentiethcenturyhadlesstodowiththemechanizationofhouseworkandanincreaseinleisuretimeforthesewomenthanitdidwiththeirowneconomicnecessityandwithhighmarriageratesthatshranktheavailablepoolofsinglewomenworkers,previously,inmanycases,theonlywomenemployerswouldhire.

Women’sworkhaschangedconsiderablyinthepast200years,movingfromthehouseholdtotheofficeorthefactory,andlaterbecomingmostlywhite-collarinsteadofblue-collarwork.Fundamentally,however,theconditionsunderwhichwomenworkhavechangedlittlesincebeforetheIndustrialRevolution:thesegregationofoccupationsbygender,lowerpayforwomenasagroup,jobsthatrequirerelativelylowlevelsofskillandofferwomenlittleopportunityforadvancementallpersist,whilewomen'shouseholdlaborremainsdemanding.Recenthistoricalinvestigationhasledtoamajorrevisionofthenotionthattechnologyisalwaysinherentlyrevolutionaryinitseffectsonsociety.Mechanizationmayevenhaveslowedanychangeinthetraditionalpositionofwomenbothinthelabormarketandinthehome.

46.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

47.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldconsiderwhichofthefollowingtobeanindicationofafundamentalalterationintheconditionsofwomen’swork?

48.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutmanyemployersbeforethetwentiethcenturyisNOTimpliedinthepassage?

49.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefunctionoftheconcludingsentenceofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Theeffectsofthemechanizationofwomen’sworkhavenotborneoutthefrequentlyheldassumptionthatnewtechnologyisinherentlyrevolutionary.

B.Recentstudieshaveshownthatmechanizationrevolutionizesasociety’straditionalvaluesandthecustomaryrolesofitsmembers.

C.Mechanizationhascausedthenatureofwomen’sworktochangesincetheIndustrialRevolution.

D.Themechanizationofwomen’swork,whileextremelyrevolutionaryinitseffects,hasnot,onthewhole,hadthedeleteriouseffectsthatsomecriticshadfeared.

問題2選項

A.Statisticsshowingthatthemajorityofwomennowoccupywhite-collarpositions.

B.Interviewswithmarriedmenindicatingthattheyarenowdoingsomehouseholdtasks.

C.Surveysofthelabormarketdocumentingtherecentcreationofanewclassofjobsinelectronicsinwhichwomenworkersoutnumbermenfourtoone.

D.Censusresultsshowingthatworkingwomen’swagesandsalariesare,ontheaverage,ashighasthoseofworkingmen.

問題3選項

A.Theydidemploywomeninfactories200yearsago.

B.Theytendedtoemploysingleratherthanmarriedwomen.

C.Theyhiredwomenonlywhenqualifiedmenwerenotavailabletofilltheopenpositions.

D.Theyhiredwomentodomostofthewhite-collarwork.

問題4選項

A.Itsumsupthegeneralpointsconcerningthemechanizationofworkmadeinthepassageasawhole.

B.Itdrawsaconclusionconcerningtheeffectsofthemechanizationofworkwhichgoesbeyondtheevidencepresentedinthepassageasawhole.

C.Itrestatesthepointconcerningtechnologymadeinthesentenceimmediatelyprecedingit.

D.Itqualifiestheauthor’sagreementwithscholarswhoargueforamajorrevisionintheassessmentoftheimpactofmechanizationonsociety.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】46.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章第一句Itisfrequentlyassumedthatthemechanizationofworkhasarevolutionaryeffectonthelivesofthepeople...（人們常常認為，工作的機械化對操作新機器的人們的生活以及機器被引入的社會有著革命性的影響），提出了人們普遍認同的一種觀點，認為mechanization為人們的生活和社會帶來了revolutionaryeffect，而該段最后一句提出許多觀察者不同意這種見解；之后，文章以婦女所從事工作的轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槔?，進一步論證最后得出結(jié)論：Mechanizationmayevenhaveslowedanychangeinthetraditionalpositionofwomenbothinthelabormarketandinthehome.（機械化甚至可能延緩了女性在勞動力市場和家庭中的傳統(tǒng)地位的變化進程）因此，選項A“現(xiàn)代化對婦女工作的影響證明，普遍認同的新技術(shù)具有與生俱來的創(chuàng)新性這一說法站不住腳”最能概括文章的大意。B“最近的研究表明，機械化徹底改變了一個社會的傳統(tǒng)價值觀及其成員的習(xí)慣角色”和C“自工業(yè)革命以來，機械化使婦女工作的性質(zhì)發(fā)生了變化”兩項均與文章所持的觀點相左，而D項“婦女工作的機械化雖然在其效果上極為革命性，但總體上并沒有產(chǎn)生一些評論家所擔(dān)心的有害影響”只是文章提到的一個細節(jié)，不能概括大意。

47.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意為：根據(jù)文章可推斷作者把下列哪個看作是婦女工作條件發(fā)生根本轉(zhuǎn)變的一個標(biāo)志。文章第三段前半部分是說：在過去的200年里，婦女的工作發(fā)生了很大的變化，從家庭轉(zhuǎn)移到辦公室或工廠，后來主要成為白領(lǐng)而不是藍領(lǐng)。然而，從根本上說，自工業(yè)革命前以來，婦女工作的條件幾乎沒有改變：按性別劃分職業(yè)、婦女作為一個群體的工資較低、要求相對較低的技能水平和很少為婦女提供晉升機會的工作都持續(xù)存在，而婦女的家務(wù)勞動仍然要求很高。據(jù)此，只有D項“人口普查結(jié)果顯示，職業(yè)婦女的工資和薪金平均與職業(yè)男子一樣高”，符合作者的意圖。A項“統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)顯示，現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)女性擔(dān)任白領(lǐng)職位”，B項“對已婚男性的采訪表明他們現(xiàn)在正在做一些家務(wù)”，C項“對勞動力市場的調(diào)查，記錄了最近在電子行業(yè)創(chuàng)造了一類新的工作崗位，其中女性工人的數(shù)量比男性多4:1”，均是對文意的曲解。

48.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干：以下關(guān)于二十世紀(jì)以前許多雇主的陳述中，哪一個不是在文章中暗示的？C項“只有當(dāng)合格的男性無法填補空缺職位時，他們才雇用女性”，文中并未體現(xiàn)，當(dāng)選。第一段第三句Inthenineteenthcentury,whenwomenbegantoenterfactories（十九世紀(jì)，婦女開始進入工廠），可知A項“在十九世紀(jì)，婦女開始進入工廠”是正確的，不符合題意要求，排除；從第二段最后一句previously,inmanycases,theonlywomenemployerswouldhire（在這之前，在大多數(shù)情況下，單身女性是雇主唯一想雇傭的），可知B項“他們傾向于雇用單身婦女而不是已婚婦女”是正確的，排除；從第三段第一句Women’sworkhaschangedconsiderablyinthepast200years…,andlaterbecomingmostlywhite-collarinsteadofblue-collarwork（在過去的200年里，婦女的工作發(fā)生了很大的變化……，后來主要成為白領(lǐng)而不是藍領(lǐng)），由此可知，D項“他們雇用婦女來做大部分的白領(lǐng)工作”與文章內(nèi)容相符，排除。

49.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干：以下哪一項最能描述文章結(jié)尾句的功能？找到文章結(jié)尾句Mechanizationmayevenhaveslowedanychangeinthetraditionalpositionofwomenbothinthelabormarketandinthehome.（機械化甚至可能延緩了婦女在勞動力市場和家庭中傳統(tǒng)地位變化的進程）。我們從第一段第一句就已經(jīng)知道關(guān)于勞動機械化的一般觀點是：工作的機械化對操作新機器的人們的生活以及機器被引入的社會有著革命性的影響，所以結(jié)尾句與一般觀點不一致，因此A項“從整體上總結(jié)了文章中關(guān)于勞動機械化的一般觀點”，錯誤。B項“得出了一個結(jié)論，即工作機械化的影響超出了本文所提出的整體證據(jù)”，符合結(jié)尾句所要表達的意思；C項“它重申了它前面一句話中關(guān)于技術(shù)的觀點”，定位到它前一句話Recenthistoricalinvestigationhasledtoamajorrevisionofthenotionthattechnologyisalwaysinherentlyrevolutionaryinitseffectsonsociety（最近的歷史調(diào)查導(dǎo)致了一個重大的修正，即技術(shù)在其對社會的影響上總是具有內(nèi)在的革命性），此句是對主題句的復(fù)述，與末句不一致；D項“這證明了作者同意那些主張在機械化對社會影響的評估中進行重大修訂的學(xué)者的觀點”，并不能從這一句話就知道作者同意那些學(xué)者的觀點。

5.單選題

What’shotfor2007amongtheveryrich?A$7.3milliondiamondring.AtriptoTanzaniatohuntwildanimals.Oh,andincomeinequality.

Sure,someleftistbillionaireslikeGeorgeSoroshavebeenrailingagainstinequalityforyears.Butincreasingly,centristandright-wingbillionairesarestartingtoworryaboutincomeinequalityandthefateofthemiddleclass.

InDecember,MortimerZuckermanwroteacolumninU.S.New&WorldReport,whichheowns,“Ournation’scorebargainwiththemiddleclassisdisintegrating,”lamentedthe117th-richestmaninAmerica.“Mostofoureconomicgainshavegonetopeopleattheverytopoftheincomeladder.Averageincomeforahouse-holdofpeopleofworkingage,bycontrast,hasfallenfiveyearsinarow.”Henotedthat“TensofmillionsofAmericansliveinfearthatamajorhealthproblemcanreducethemtobankruptcy.”

WilburRossJr.hasechoedZuckerman’sangeroverthebitterstrugglesfacedbymiddle-classAmericans.“It’sanoutragethatanyAmerican’slifeexpectancyshouldbeshortenedsimplybecausethecompanytheyworkedforwentbankruptandendedhealth-carecoverage,”saidtheformerchairmanoftheInternationalSteelGroup.

What’shappening?TheveryricharejustastrendyasyouandI,andcanbesowhenitcomestopoliticsandpolicy.GiventherecentchangeofcontrolinCongress,thepopularityofmeasureslikeincreasingtheminimumwage,andeffortsbyCalifornian’sgovernortoofferuniversalhealthcare,theseguysdon’tneedtheirownpersonalweathermentoknowwhichwaythewindblows.It’spossiblethatplutocratsareexpressingsolidaritywiththestrugglingmiddleclassaspartofanefforttoinsulatethemselvesfromconfiscatorytaxpolicies.Buttheprospectthatincomeinequalitywillleadtohighertaxesonthewealthydoesn’tkeepplutocratsupatnight.Theycanlivewiththat.

No,whattheyfearwasthatthepoliticalchallengesofsustainingsupportforglobaleconomicintegrationwillbemoredifficultintheUnitedStatesbecauseofwhathashappenedtothedistributionofincomeandeconomicinsecurity.

Inotherwords,ifmiddle-classAmericanscontinuetostrugglefranticallyastheultrawealthygroweverwealthier,itwillbeincreasinglydifficulttomaintainpoliticalsupportforthefreeflowofgoods,services,andcapitalacrossborders.AndwhentheUnitedStatesplacesobstaclesinthewayofforeigninvestorsandforeigngoods,it’slikelytoencouragereciprocalactionabroad.Forpeoplewhobuyandsellcompanies,orwhoallocatecapitaltomarketsallaroundtheworld,that’stherealnightmare.

61.WhatisthecurrenttopicofcommoninterestamongtheveryrichinAmerica?

62.WhatdowelearnfromMortimerZuckerman’slamentation?

63.Fromthefifthparagraphwecanlearnthat______.

64.Whatistherealreasonforplutocratstoexpresssolidaritywiththemiddleclass?

65.WhatmayhappeniftheUnitedStatesplacesobstaclesinthewayofforeigninvestorsandforeigngoods?

問題1選項

A.Thefateoftheultra-wealthypeople.

B.Thedisintegrationofthemiddleclass.

C.Theinequalityinthedistributionofwealth.

D.Theconflictbetweentheleftandtherightwing.

問題2選項

A.Manymiddle-incomefamilieshavefailedtomakeabargainforbetterwelfare.

B.TheAmericaneconomicsystemhascausedmanycompaniestogobankrupt.

C.TheAmericannationisbecomingmoreandmoredivideddespiteitswealth.

D.ThemajorityofAmericansbenefitlittlefromthenation’sgrowingwealth.

問題3選項

A.theveryricharefashion-conscious

B.theveryricharepoliticallysensitive

C.universalhealthcareistobeimplementedthroughoutAmerica

D.Congresshasgainedpopularitybyincreasingtheminimumwage

問題4選項

A.Theywanttoprotectthemselvesfromconfiscatorytaxation.

B.Theyknowthatthemiddleclasscontributemosttosociety.

C.Theywanttogainsupportforglobaleconomicintegration.

D.Theyfeelincreasinglythreatenedbyeconomicinsecurity.

問題5選項

A.Thepricesofimportedgoodswillinevitablysoarbeyondcontrol.

B.Theinvestorswillhavetomakegreateffortstore-allocatecapital.

C.Thewealthywillattempttobuyforeigncompaniesacrossborders.

D.Foreigncountrieswillplacethesameeconomicbarriersinreturn.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】61.細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“當(dāng)前美國富人共同感興趣的話題是什么？”。第二段提到Butincreasingly,centristandright-wingbillionairesarestartingtoworryaboutincomeinequalityandthefateofthemiddleclass.（但越來越多的中間派和右翼億萬富翁開始擔(dān)心收入不平等和中產(chǎn)階級的命運），可知當(dāng)前美國富人共同感興趣的話題是收入不平等和中產(chǎn)階級的命運，所以C項“財富分配的不平等”正確。A項“超級富豪的命運”和D項“左翼和右翼之間的沖突”在文中沒有提到；B項“中產(chǎn)階級的解體”太片面，美國富人擔(dān)心的是國家與中產(chǎn)階級的核心交易的瓦解。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

62.推理判斷題。題干意思是“我們從MortimerZuckerman的悲嘆中學(xué)到了什么？”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第三段，原文提到Mostofoureconomicgainshavegonetopeopleattheverytopoftheincomeladder.Averageincomeforahouse-holdofpeopleofworkingage,bycontrast,hasfallenfiveyearsinarow.（我們的大部分經(jīng)濟收益都流向了收入階梯最頂端的人；相比之下，工薪階層家庭的平均收入?yún)s連續(xù)5年下降），可推斷，盡管國家財富增長，但大多流向了收入最頂端的人，大部分的美國人得到的越來越少，故D項“大多數(shù)美國人從國家不斷增長的財富中獲益甚少”正確，由此也可知A項“許多中等收入家庭未能爭取到更好的福利”錯誤；第三段最后一句講到TensofmillionsofAmericansliveinfearthatamajorhealthproblemcanreducethemtobankruptcy.（數(shù)以千萬計的美國人生活在恐懼之中，擔(dān)心一個重大的健康問題就會讓他們破產(chǎn)），由此可知B項“美國的經(jīng)濟體制已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致許多公司破產(chǎn)”表述與原文不符；C項“美國國家變得越來越分裂，盡管它很富有”在該段沒有提到。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

63.推理判斷題。題干意思是“從第五段我們可以了解到……”。第五段第二句提到TheveryricharejustastrendyasyouandI,andcanbesowhenitcomestopoliticsandpolicy.（富人和你我一樣適應(yīng)潮流，在政治和政策方面也可以如此），可以推斷，富人在政治和政策方面也非常敏感，故B項“非常富有的人在政治上很敏感”正確。A項“非常富有的人有時尚意識”是文中的一個比較，用來突出富人在政治方面的敏感性，該項不選；由andeffortsbyCalifornian’sgovernortoofferuniversalhealthcare（以及加州州長提供全民醫(yī)療保健的努力）這一句可知，C項“全民醫(yī)療保健將在整個美國實施”表述錯誤；D項“國會通過提高最低工資獲得了歡迎”，文中只提到了國會提高最低工資等措施的流行，并沒有描述它的歡迎程度。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

64.細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“富豪們表達與中產(chǎn)階級團結(jié)一致的真正原因是什么？”。根據(jù)第六段No,whattheyfearwasthatthepoliticalchallengesofsustainingsupportforglobaleconomicintegrationwillbemoredifficultintheUnitedStatesbecauseofwhathashappenedtothedistributionofincomeandeconomicinsecurity.（不，他們擔(dān)心的是，由于收入分配不均和經(jīng)濟不安全，美國面臨的持續(xù)支持全球經(jīng)濟一體化的政治挑戰(zhàn)將更加困難）可知，富豪們表達與中產(chǎn)階級團結(jié)一致的真正原因是想得到全球經(jīng)濟一體化的支持，故C項“他們希望獲得對全球經(jīng)濟一體化的支持”正確。由第五段最后一句Buttheprospectthatincomeinequalitywillleadtohighertaxesonthewealthydoesn’tkeepplutocratsupatnight.Theycanlivewiththat.（但收入不平等將導(dǎo)致對富人增稅的前景不會讓富豪們夜不能寐，他們承受得了）可知，A項“他們想保護自己不被沒收”和D項“他們感到越來越受到經(jīng)濟不安全感的威脅”不符合原文；B項“他們知道中產(chǎn)階級對社會貢獻最大”在文中沒有提及。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

65.細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“如果美國對外國投資者和外國商品設(shè)置障礙，會發(fā)生什么？”。由最后一段倒數(shù)第二句AndwhentheUnitedStatesplacesobstaclesinthewayofforeigninvestorsandforeigngoods,it’slikelytoencouragereciprocalactionabroad.（當(dāng)美國為外國投資者和外國商品設(shè)置障礙時，很可能會鼓勵國外的對等行動）可知，如果美國對外國投資者和外國商品設(shè)置障礙，其他國家也會采取相應(yīng)的措施，故D項“外國將設(shè)置同樣的經(jīng)濟壁壘作為回報”正確。A項“進口商品的價格將不可避免地飆升到無法控制的程度”、B項“投資者將不得不做出巨大的努力來重新配置資本”和C項“富人將試圖跨越國界購買外國公司”在文中都未提及。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

6.單選題

TomMacaulay,beingadiligentyoungman,neverrefusesto________moreworkthathisbossassignedtohim.

問題1選項

A.takeup

B.takein

C.takeoff

D.takeon

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。A選項takeup“占據(jù)”；B選項takein“吸收，領(lǐng)會”；C選項takeoff“脫下，起飛”；D選項takeon“承擔(dān)，承受”。句意：TomMacaulay作為一名勤奮的年輕人，從來不拒絕（）他老板派發(fā)給他的工作。派發(fā)的工作是要承擔(dān)的，因而答案選D最為合適。

7.單選題

TheNationalParkSystem______areasofnaturalbeautyforpreservationandpublicemployment.

問題1選項

A.setsaside

B.savesup

C.arrangesfor

D.reservesfor

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項setaside“挑出，留出”，B項saveup“儲蓄，貯存”，C項arrangefor“安排，為……做準(zhǔn)備”，D項reservefor“為……而保留”。由areasofnaturalbeauty（自然風(fēng)景區(qū)）可知，空格處填入“劃出、留出”符合，A項正確。句意：國家公園系統(tǒng)為自然保護和公共就業(yè)劃出了自然風(fēng)景區(qū)。因此，該題選擇A項。

8.單選題

Themorewomenandminoritiesmaketheirwayintotheranksofmanagement,themoretheyseemtowanttotalkaboutthingsformerlyjudgedtobebestleftunsaid.Thenewcomersalsotendtoseeofficematterswithafresheye,intheprocesssometimescomingupwithcriticalanalysesoftheforcesthatshapeeveryone’sexperienceintheorganization.

ConsiderthenovelviewsofHarveyColemanofAtlantaonthesubjectofgettingahead.Colemanisblack.Hespent11yearswithIBM,halfofthemworkinginmanagementdevelopment,andnowservesasaconsultanttothelikesofAT&T.Coca-Cola,Prudential,andMerch.Colemansaysthatbasedonwhathe’sseenatbigcompanies,heweighsthedifferentelementsthatmakeforlong-termcareersuccessasfollows:performancecountsamere10%,image,30%;andexposure,afull60%.Colemanconcludesthatexcellentjobperformanceissocommonthesedaysthatwhiledoingyourworkwellmaywinyoupayincreases,itwon’tsecureyouthebigpromotion.Hefindsthatadvancementmoreoftendependsonhowmanypeopleknowyouandyourwork,andhowhighuptheyare.

Ridiculousbeliefs?Nottomanypeople,especiallymanywomenandmembersofminorityraceswho,likeColeman,feelthatthescales(障眼物)havedroppedfromtheireyes.“Womenandblacksinorganizationsworkunderfalsebeliefs,”saysKaleelJamison,aNewYork-basedmanagementconsultantwhohelpscorporationsdealwiththeseissues.“Theythinkthatifyouworkhard,you’llgetahead—thatsomeoneinauthoritywillreachdownandgiveyouapromotion.”Sheadds,“Mostwomenandblacksaresofrightenedthatpeoplewillthinkthey’vegottenaheadbecauseoftheirsexorcolorthattheyplaydowntheirvisibility.”Heradvicetothosefolks:learnthewaysthatwhitemaleshavetraditionallyusedtofindtheirwayintothespotlight.

1.Accordingtothepassage,“thingsformerlyjudgedtobebestleftunsaid”(Para.1)probablyrefersto“________”.

2.Toachievesuccessinyourcareer,themostimportantfactor,accordingtothepassage,isto________.

3.Thereasonwhywomenandblacksplaydowntheirvisibilityisthatthey________.

4.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe________.

問題1選項

A.criticismsthatshapeeveryone’sexperience

B.theopinionswhichcontradicttheestablishedbeliefs

C.thetendenciesthathelpthenewcomerstoseeofficematterswithafresheye

D.theideaswhichusuallycomeupwithnewwaysofmanagementintheorganization

問題2選項

A.performwellyourtasksgivenbyyoursuperiors

B.projectafavorableimagetothepeoplearoundyou

C.workasaconsultanttoyoursuperiors

D.letyoursuperiorsknowhowgoodyouare

問題3選項

A.knowthatsomeoneinauthoritywillreachdownandgivethemapromotion

B.wanttogivepeopletheimpressionthattheyworkunderfalsebeliefs

C.don’twantpeopletothinkthattheirpromotionswereduetosexorcolor

D.believetheycangetpromotedbyreasonoftheirsexorcolor

問題4選項

A.RoleofWomenandMinoritiesinManagement

B.TheImportanceofBeingVisible

C.JobPerformanceandAdvancement

D.SexandCareerSuccess

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:【選項釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,“thingsformerlyjudgedtobebestleftunsaid”(Para.1)probablyrefersto“________”.根據(jù)文章，“以前認為最好不要說的事情”（第一段）可能指的是“________”。

A.criticismsthatshapeeveryone’sexperienceA.形成每個人的經(jīng)驗的批判

B.theopinionswhichcontradicttheestablishedbeliefsB.與既定信念相矛盾的觀點

C.thetendenciesthathelpthenewcomerstoseeofficematterswithafresheyeC.有助于新人用新眼光看待辦公室事務(wù)的傾向

D.theideaswhichusuallycomeupwithnewwaysofmanagementintheorganizationD.在組織中通常會產(chǎn)生新型管理方式的想法

【答案】B

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞judgedtobebestleftunsaid定位到第一段第一句，該處講到“她們似乎就越想談?wù)撘郧罢J為最好不要說的事情（thingsformerlyjudgedtobebestleftunsaid）”，結(jié)合該段第二句“新人傾向于用全新的眼光（fresheye）來看待公司的事務(wù)，在這過程中，有時會對形成組織中每個人經(jīng)驗的力量進行批判性分析（criticalanalyses）?！?，可知這里不能說的是和新觀點相反的，并且之前在大環(huán)境中普遍贊同的觀點，因此B選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“形成每個人的經(jīng)驗的批判”：對應(yīng)第一段第二句，該處講到“有時會對形成組織中每個人經(jīng)驗的力量（forcesthatshapeeveryone’sexperience）進行批判性分析（criticalanalyses）”，這里指的不是批判塑造經(jīng)驗，而是批判形成經(jīng)驗的力量，屬于偷換概念；

C選項“有助于新人用新眼光看待辦公室事務(wù)的傾向”：對應(yīng)第一段第二句，該處講到“新人傾向于用全新的眼光來看待公司的事務(wù)（tendtoseeofficematterswithafresheye）”，這里描述的是這件事本身，而不是說要推動這件事，屬于偷換概念；

D選項“在組織中通常會產(chǎn)生新型管理方式的想法”：文中沒有提到這些會產(chǎn)生新的管理方式，屬于無中生有。

第2題:【選項釋義】

Toachievesuccessinyourcareer,themostimportantfactor,accordingtothepassage,isto________.根據(jù)這篇文章，想要在你的職業(yè)生涯中取得成功，最重要的因素是________。

A.performwellyourtasksgivenbyyoursuperiorsA.出色完成上級交代的任務(wù)

B.projectafavorableimagetothepeoplearoundyouB.在周圍人面前樹立良好形象

C.workasaconsultanttoyoursuperiorsC.做你上司的顧問

D.letyoursuperiorsknowhowgoodyouareD.讓你上司知道你有多優(yōu)秀

【答案】D

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞themostimportantfactor定位到第二段第一句，該處講到“長期職業(yè)成功的不同要素（differentelements）如下：業(yè)績僅占10%，形象占30%，而曝光率高達60%（exposure,afull60%）。”，結(jié)合該段第六句“晉升往往取決于（advancementmoreoftendependson）有多少人了解（howmanypeopleknow）你和你的工作，以及他們的職位高低”，可知在事業(yè)成功上，讓上司知道自己的優(yōu)秀最重要，因此D選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“出色完成上級交代的任務(wù)”：對應(yīng)第二段第一句“業(yè)績僅占10%（performancecountsamere10%）”，可知這不是最重要的因素，屬于反向干擾；

B選項“在周圍人面前樹立良好形象”：對應(yīng)第二段第一句“形象占30%（image,30%）”，可知這不是最重要的因素，屬于反向干擾；

C選項“做你上司的顧問”：對應(yīng)第三段第三句“幫助企業(yè)處理這些問題的管理顧問（managementconsultant）卡列爾?賈米森”，這里只是提到此人及其職業(yè)，和取得職業(yè)生涯的成功無關(guān)，屬于偷換概念。

第3題:【選項釋義】

Thereasonwhywomenandblacksplaydowntheirvisibilityisthatthey________.女性和黑人減少自己曝光率的原因是他們________。

A.knowthatsomeoneinauthoritywillreachdownandgivethemapromotionA.知道權(quán)威人士會向下視察，給他們升職

B.wanttogivepeopletheimpressionthattheyworkunderfalsebeliefsB.想給人一種他們抱著錯誤信念工作的印象

C.don’twantpeopletothinkthattheirpromotionswereduetosexorcolorC.不希望人們認為他們晉升是由于性別或膚色

D.believetheycangetpromotedbyreasonoftheirsexorcolorD.認為他們能因性別或膚色而晉升

【答案】C

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞playdowntheirvisibility定位到第三段第五句，該處講到“大多數(shù)女性和黑人害怕人們認為（sofrightenedthatpeoplewillthink）他們是因為性別或膚色而晉升，因此他們減少了自己的曝光率（thattheyplaydowntheirvisibility）?！?，可知其原因是不希望別人認為他們只因為性別或膚色而晉升，因此C選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“知道會有上級向下視察，給他們升職”：對應(yīng)第三段第四句，該處講到“他們認為（Theythink）權(quán)威人士會向下視察，給你升職（someoneinauthoritywillreachdownandgiveyouapromotion）?！保@是在解釋前一句提到的錯誤信念，而非減少曝光率的主要原因，屬于張冠李戴；

B選項“想給人一種他們在錯誤信念下工作的印象”：對應(yīng)第三段第三句，該處講到“列爾?賈米森說（saysKaleelJamison），女性和黑人抱著錯誤的信念工作?！?，這句話是別人對他們的評價，而非他們自己想要這樣做，屬于偷換概念；

D選項“認為他們能因性別或膚色而晉升”：他們不希望別人認為自己因性別或膚色而晉升，自己也不認為這樣的事情會發(fā)生，屬于反向干擾。

第4題:【選項釋義】

Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe________.這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題是________。

A.RoleofWomenandMinoritiesinManagementA.女性和少數(shù)族裔在管理中的作用

B.TheImportanceofBeingVisibleB.被看見的重要性

C.JobPerformanceandAdvancementC.工作表現(xiàn)與晉升

D.SexandCareerSuccessD.性別與事業(yè)成功

【答案】B

【考查點】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】第一段提出女性、少數(shù)族裔（womenandminorities）和新人對于公司原有觀點的沖擊（talkaboutthingsformerlyjudgedtobebestleftunsaid）；第二段點出自己和自己工作被上級看到（exposure,afull60%）是在職場中成功最重要的因素；第三段建議女性和黑人讓自己成為焦點（findtheirwayintothespotlight）。綜上所述，這篇文章層層遞進，最終要表達的是在職場中，成為焦點、被看到很重要，因此B選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“女性和少數(shù)族裔在管理中的作用”：文中沒有提到女性和少數(shù)族裔在管理中如何發(fā)揮作用，屬于無中生有；

C選項“工作表現(xiàn)與晉升”和D選項“性別與事業(yè)成功”：只是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不能概括全文，屬于以偏概全。

9.單選題

Inhisclassicnovel,“ThePioneers”,JamesFenimoreCooperhashishero,alanddeveloper,takehiscousinonatourofthecityheisbuilding.Hedescribesthebroadstreets,rowsofhouses,ateemingmetropolis.Buthiscousinlooksaroundbewildered.Allsheseesisaforest.“Wherearethebeautiesandimprovementswhichyouweretoshowme?”sheasks.He’sastonishedshecan’tseethem.“Where!Everywhere,”hereplies.Forthoughtheyarenotyetbuiltonearth,hehasbuilttheminhismind,andtheyasconcretetohimasiftheywerealreadyconstructedandfinished.

CooperwasillustratingadistinctlyAmericantrait,future-mindedness:theabilitytoseethepresentfromthevantagepointofthefuture;thefreedomtofeelunencumberedbythepastandmoreemotionallyattachedtothingstocome.“Americaisthereforethelandofthefuture,”theGermanphilosopherHegelwrote.“TheAmericanlivesevenmoreforhisgoals,forthefuture,thantheEuropean.”AlbertEinsteinconcurred.“Lifeforhimisalwaysbecoming,neverbeing.”

In2012,Americawillstillbetheplacewherethefuturehappensfirst,forthatisthenation’soldesttradition.TheearlyPuritanslivedinalmostStoneAgeconditions,buttheywereinspiredbyvisionsoffutureglories,God’skingdomonearth.Theearlypioneerswouldsometimestravelpastperfectlygoodfarmland,becausetheywereconvincedthatevenmoreamazinglandcouldbefoundoverthenextridge.TheFoundingFatherstook13scragglyColoniesandbelievedtheywerecreatinganewnationonearth.Therailroadspeculatorsenvisionedmagnificentfortunesbuiltonbandsofiron.It’snowfashionabletoridiculethevisionsofdot-comentrepreneursofthe1990s,buttheyhadinheritedtheurgetoleapforthehorizon.“TheFutureisendowedwithsuchalife,thatitlivestouseveninanticipation,”HermanMelvillewrote.“TheFutureistheBibleoftheFree.”

Thisfuture-mindednessexplainsmanymodernfeaturesofAmericanlife.Itexplainsworkaholism:theaverageAmericanworks350hoursayearmorethantheaverageEuropean.Americansmovemore,insearchofthatbrightertomorrow,thanpeopleinotherland.Theyalso,sadly,divorcemore,forthesamereason.AmericansadoptnewtechnologiessuchasonlineshoppingandcreditcardsmuchmorequicklythanpeopleinothercountriesForty-fivepercentofworldInternetusetakesplaceintheUnitedStates.Eventoday,aftertheburstingofthestock-marketbubble,Americanventure-capitalfirms—whichareinthebusinessofbettingonthefuture—dwarfthefirmsfromallothernations.

Future-mindednesscontributestothedisorderinAmericanlife,theobliviousnesstohistory,thehighratesoffamilybreakdown,thefrenziedwasteofnaturalresources.Italsoleadstoincredibleinnovations.AccordingtotheYalehistorianPaulKennedy,75percentoftheNobellaureatesineconomiesandthesciencesoverrecentdecadeshavelivedorworkedintheUnitedStates.Thecountryremainsamagnetforthefuture-mindedfromothernations.Onein12Americanshasenjoyedthethrillandchallengeofstartinghisownbusiness.AstudypublishedintheJournalofInternationalBusinessStudiesin2000showedthatinnovativepeoplearespreadprettyevenlythroughouttheglobe,butAmericansaremostcomfortablewithrisk.EntrepreneursintheU.S.aremorelikelytobelievethattheypossesstheabilitytoshapetheirownfuturethanpeoplein,say,Britain,AustraliaorSingapore.

Ifthe1990swereagreatdecadeoffuture-mindedness,wearenowinthemidstofaseasonofexperience.Iseemscoolertobeskeptical,topooh-poohallthoseIPOsuckerswholosttheirmoneybettingonthetelecomfuture.ButtheworldisnotbecomingmoreFrench.By2012,thisperiodofchastisementwilllikelyhaverunitscourse,andfuture-mindedn