果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件

第二章果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控第二章果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控1第二章果樹(shù)彬防環(huán)境調(diào)控果樹(shù)與環(huán)境根系分布與生長(zhǎng)三、土壤調(diào)控四、肥水的調(diào)控技術(shù)第二章果樹(shù)彬防環(huán)境調(diào)控2學(xué)習(xí)標(biāo)了解果樹(shù)根系生長(zhǎng)動(dòng)態(tài)與分布規(guī)律以及環(huán)境條件對(duì)其影響掌握果園土壤與肥水的調(diào)控方法學(xué)習(xí)標(biāo)3,果樹(shù)與環(huán)境()環(huán)境的概念環(huán)境是指果樹(shù)生空間一切因素的總和,包括氣候條件、土壤條件、地勢(shì)條件和生物因子,果樹(shù)與環(huán)境4「、地理的2氣象的3.化學(xué)的4,生物的溫度混度風(fēng)光照時(shí)數(shù)麗地形細(xì)菌光能霧霜雹氟化物立地階氣候人為措施1、栽培管理株行距修剪植保本身包含遺傳生理特性光合呼吸花疏果生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)固決定性狀蒸騰劑施用貯藏養(yǎng)分物質(zhì)分配土、肥、水管粒度pH值益蟲(chóng)遺傳生理特空氣鹽濃度特吸收礦物質(zhì)溫度有害物質(zhì)連作物物質(zhì)貯藏水分有機(jī)物物質(zhì)運(yùn)輸「、地理的5()果樹(shù)與環(huán)境的關(guān)系1生存條件(直接因素)土、水、光、氣2生長(zhǎng)條件(間接因素)地形、緯度、坡向、海拔3,主導(dǎo)因素(限制因素)溫度(桔、蘆)、光(長(zhǎng)短目照)()果樹(shù)與環(huán)境的關(guān)系6溫度包含的內(nèi)容(1)臨界溫度果樹(shù)能忍受的最高與最低溫度極限。(2)生物學(xué)零度與三基點(diǎn)溫度果樹(shù)器官開(kāi)始生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的溫度叫果樹(shù)的生物學(xué)零度果樹(shù)生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的最低點(diǎn)、最適點(diǎn)和最高點(diǎn)溫度叫三基點(diǎn)溫度溫度包含的內(nèi)容7(3)積溫(熱量和冷量):溫度的總和叫積溫活動(dòng)積溫:處于生物學(xué)零度以上的溫度的累積值有效積溫:處于生物學(xué)零度以上的溫度與生物零度溫度之差的累積值。需冷量:解除果樹(shù)自然休眠所需的低溫(≤7.2℃)的總和。(3)積溫(熱量和冷量):溫度的總和叫積溫8(1)臨界溫度表2果樹(shù)休眠期忍受低溫的能力樹(shù)種忍受低溫樹(shù)種忍受低溫(℃)石榴杏30無(wú)花果棗30一·35草莓5一:30板栗25:29小蘋(píng)果40--4540櫻桃柿20山楂36李秋子梨30-·52核桃20-:3120--2520--33獼猴桃20柑桔「香蕉4.5荔枝0一:125(1)臨界溫度9水(一)水對(duì)果樹(shù)的影響1水是果樹(shù)的生存因子2水影響果樹(shù)的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育;3水是果樹(shù)物質(zhì)吸收、運(yùn)輸和分配的介質(zhì)或載體;4水影響果樹(shù)的產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)。水10果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件11果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件12果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件13果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件14果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件15果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件16果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件17果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件18果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件19果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件20果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件21果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件22果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件23果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件24果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件25果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件26果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件27果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件28果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件29果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件30果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件31果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件32果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件33果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件34果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件35果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件36果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件37果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件38果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件39果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件40果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件41果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件42果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件43果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件44果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件45果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件46果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件47果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件48果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件49果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件50果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件51果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件52果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件53果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件54果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件55果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件56果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件57果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件58果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件59果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件60果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件61果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件62果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件63果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件64果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件65果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件66果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件67果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件68果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件69果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件70果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件71果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件72果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件73果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件74果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件75果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件76果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件77果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件78果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件79果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件80果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件81果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件82果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件83果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件84果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件85果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件86果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件87果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件88果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件89果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件90果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件91果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件92果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件93果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件94果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件95果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件96果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件97果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件98果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件99果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件100果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件101果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件102果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件103果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件104果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件105果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件106果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件107果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件108果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件109第二章果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控第二章果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控110第二章果樹(shù)彬防環(huán)境調(diào)控果樹(shù)與環(huán)境根系分布與生長(zhǎng)三、土壤調(diào)控四、肥水的調(diào)控技術(shù)第二章果樹(shù)彬防環(huán)境調(diào)控111學(xué)習(xí)標(biāo)了解果樹(shù)根系生長(zhǎng)動(dòng)態(tài)與分布規(guī)律以及環(huán)境條件對(duì)其影響掌握果園土壤與肥水的調(diào)控方法學(xué)習(xí)標(biāo)112,果樹(shù)與環(huán)境()環(huán)境的概念環(huán)境是指果樹(shù)生空間一切因素的總和,包括氣候條件、土壤條件、地勢(shì)條件和生物因子,果樹(shù)與環(huán)境113「、地理的2氣象的3.化學(xué)的4,生物的溫度混度風(fēng)光照時(shí)數(shù)麗地形細(xì)菌光能霧霜雹氟化物立地階氣候人為措施1、栽培管理株行距修剪植保本身包含遺傳生理特性光合呼吸花疏果生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)固決定性狀蒸騰劑施用貯藏養(yǎng)分物質(zhì)分配土、肥、水管粒度pH值益蟲(chóng)遺傳生理特空氣鹽濃度特吸收礦物質(zhì)溫度有害物質(zhì)連作物物質(zhì)貯藏水分有機(jī)物物質(zhì)運(yùn)輸「、地理的114()果樹(shù)與環(huán)境的關(guān)系1生存條件(直接因素)土、水、光、氣2生長(zhǎng)條件(間接因素)地形、緯度、坡向、海拔3,主導(dǎo)因素(限制因素)溫度(桔、蘆)、光(長(zhǎng)短目照)()果樹(shù)與環(huán)境的關(guān)系115溫度包含的內(nèi)容(1)臨界溫度果樹(shù)能忍受的最高與最低溫度極限。(2)生物學(xué)零度與三基點(diǎn)溫度果樹(shù)器官開(kāi)始生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的溫度叫果樹(shù)的生物學(xué)零度果樹(shù)生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的最低點(diǎn)、最適點(diǎn)和最高點(diǎn)溫度叫三基點(diǎn)溫度溫度包含的內(nèi)容116(3)積溫(熱量和冷量):溫度的總和叫積溫活動(dòng)積溫:處于生物學(xué)零度以上的溫度的累積值有效積溫:處于生物學(xué)零度以上的溫度與生物零度溫度之差的累積值。需冷量:解除果樹(shù)自然休眠所需的低溫(≤7.2℃)的總和。(3)積溫(熱量和冷量):溫度的總和叫積溫117(1)臨界溫度表2果樹(shù)休眠期忍受低溫的能力樹(shù)種忍受低溫樹(shù)種忍受低溫(℃)石榴杏30無(wú)花果棗30一·35草莓5一:30板栗25:29小蘋(píng)果40--4540櫻桃柿20山楂36李秋子梨30-·52核桃20-:3120--2520--33獼猴桃20柑桔「香蕉4.5荔枝0一:125(1)臨界溫度118水(一)水對(duì)果樹(shù)的影響1水是果樹(shù)的生存因子2水影響果樹(shù)的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育;3水是果樹(shù)物質(zhì)吸收、運(yùn)輸和分配的介質(zhì)或載體;4水影響果樹(shù)的產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)。水119果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件120果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件121果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件122果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件123果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件124果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件125果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件126果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件127果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件128果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件129果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件130果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件131果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件132果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件133果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件134果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件135果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件136果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件137果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件138果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件139果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件140果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件141果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件142果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件143果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件144果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件145果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件146果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件147果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件148果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件149果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件150果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件151果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件152果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件153果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件154果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件155果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件156果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件157果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件158果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件159果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件160果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件161果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件162果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件163果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件164果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件165果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件166果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件167果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件168果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件169果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件170果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件171果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件172果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件173果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件174果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件175果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件176果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件177果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件178果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件179果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件180果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件181果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件182果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件183果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件184果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件185果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件186果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件187果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件188果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件189果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件190果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件191果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件192果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件193果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件194果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件195果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件196果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件197果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件198果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件199果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件200果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件201果樹(shù)根際環(huán)境調(diào)控課件