新概念英語語法

新觀點英語語法新觀點英語語法49/49新觀點英語語法一、一般此刻時〔一〕be動詞的一般此刻時一、一般此刻時：表示此刻或常常發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。Iamateacher.二、be(am、is、are)表示狀態(tài)：①是②在地方〔后邊加in、at；大地方用in,小地方用at〕Thispenisred.TheyareinBJ.Heisatschool.Heisintheroom.(in在里)三、人稱代詞主格：取代人或物的詞。只好做主語的人稱代詞：I我you你he他she她it它We我們you你們they他〔她、它〕們四、人稱代詞的賓格：只好放在動詞或介詞后做賓語的人稱代詞。me我you你him他her她it它us我們you你們them他〔她、它〕們五、形容詞性物主代詞：后邊一定加名詞的物主代詞。my我的your你的his他的her她的its它的our我們的your你們的their他〔她、它〕們的Itslegisbroken.六、提示代詞this這〔這個〕that那〔那個〕：加單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不行數(shù)名詞these這些those那些：加復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞七、句子成份主語：動作或狀態(tài)的發(fā)出者謂語：主語發(fā)出的動作或狀態(tài)賓語：主語動作的對象表語：表示主語的地點或狀態(tài)-1-be動詞+表語做謂語Ibeathim.Heisastudent.Sheisinmyroom.表主謂賓主謂八、一般問句：be+主語+表語九、否定句：主語+benot+表語十、some一些〔用在必定句中〕any一些〔用在否定句、問句中〕十一、特別問句：疑問詞+be+主語+表語練習：1、Theyarestudents.Whatarethey?2、Thisisdirtywater.Whichisdirtywater?(which那些)Whatwateristhis?〔名詞前的修飾局部在疑問句中仍放在修飾詞以后〕3．Heisinmyroom.Inwhoseroomishe?Whereishe?4、Theyareinthatclassroom.Whoareinthatclassroom?(當疑問詞做主語時要用陳說句語序)Inwhichclassroomarethey?Wherearethey?5、Thiswaterisdirty.Howisthiswater?(或Howaboutthiswater?)6、Thosearetenbooks.Wherearetenbooks?Howmanybooksarethose?7、Thatissomebread.Howmuchbreadisthat?8、ItisMondaytoday.Whatdayisittoday?-2-〔二〕實意動詞的一般此刻時一、實意動詞：表示動作的動詞二、實意動詞的一般此刻時：表示此刻或常常發(fā)生的動作。三、句子構(gòu)造：主語+實意動詞+賓語+其余Theysweepthefloorat6:00intheafternooneveryday.四、當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時：1、一般動詞后加s，work→worksHeworksfortenhourseveryday.2、have→hasShehasthreebrothersandtwosisters.3、以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的動詞加es，catch→catches以th結(jié)尾的動詞加s，mouth→mouthsShecatchesacoldonceamonth.4、以y結(jié)尾的動詞，y前為元音時加sHeplaysfootballforthreehourseveryday.5、以y結(jié)尾的動詞，y前為輔音字母時，去y加iesHestudiesEnglishChineseandMathsatschool.6、以o結(jié)尾的動詞加esShegoestoBeijingthreetimesamonth.五、否定句：主語+don’t(doesn’t)+實意動詞原形+賓語+其余六、一般問句：Do(Does)+主語+實意動詞原形+賓語+其余練習：變否定句和一般問句1、Theysweepthefloorat6:00intheafternooneveryday.Theydon’tsweepthefloorat6:00intheafternooneveryday.Dotheysweepthefloorat6:00intheafternooneveryday?2、Shehasthreebrothersandtwosisters.Shedoesn’thasthreebrothersandtwosisters.Doesshehasthreebrothersandtwosisters?或Shehasn’tthreebrothersandtwosisters.-3-Hasshethreebrothersandtwosisters?have或has的否定式也能夠用haven’t或hasn’t七、特別問句：疑問詞+do(does)+主語+實意動詞原形+賓語+其余練習：1、Theysweepthefloorat6:00intheafternooneveryday.Whatdotheysweepat6:00intheafternooneveryday?Whattimedotheysweepthefloorintheafternooneveryday?2、Heworksfortenhourseveryday.Whoworksfortenhourseveryday?Howlongdoesheworkeveryday?3、Shehasthreebrothersandtwosisters.Howmanybrothersandtwosistersdoesshehas?4、Shecatchesacoldonceamonth.Howmanytimesamonthdoesshecatchacold?5、Heplaysfootballforthreehourseveryday.Forhowmanyhoursdoesheplayfootballeveryday?介詞后邊的名詞或代詞做介詞的賓語。for表示一段時間6、HestudiesEnglishChineseandMathatschool.WhatandMathdoeshestudyatschool?7、ShegoestoBeijingthreetimesamonth.HowoftendoesshegotoBeijing？二、Herebe句型一、Herebe表示①這〔這些〕是②給你③在這兒呢二、HerebeHereis+①單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞②不行數(shù)名詞+其余Hereare+復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+其余三、Herebe用法的本卷須知1.Herebe+名詞Hereisyourpen.Hereissomebread.-4-Herearesomebooks.Hereisyourpenandbooks.Hereareyourpensandbooks.2.Here+人稱代詞主格+beHereIamHereyouareHeretheyare三、動詞不定式一、動詞不定式：to+動詞原形，組成動詞不定式。二、作用：可當主語、賓語、表語Yourworkistorepair[ri?p??]維修mywatch.表主謂Torepairyourwatchismywork.主謂表Iwanttorepairyourwatch.主謂賓HeisinBJ.Sheisstudent.表主謂賓主謂Itismywork.Itisnice.表主謂表主謂Itismyworktorepairyourwatch.形式主語真主語Itisnicetomeetyou.形式主語真主語ItiseasytowashmyT-shirt.形式主語真主語Itisnicetomeetyou.表動詞不定式形式主語謂真主語

Itiseasy.表主謂-5-四、therebe一、表示：在地方有1、①可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)②不行數(shù)名詞thereis+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)therebe③+其余不行數(shù)名詞thereare+①復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞②復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+其余2、一般問句：bethere+名詞+地址3、否定句：Therebenot+名詞+地址some一些〔用在必定句中〕any一些〔用在否定句、問句中〕5、特別問句：疑問詞+bethere+名詞+地址練習：1、Thereisapencil-boxonyourdesk.Whatisthereonyourdesk?2、Thereissomepaperonthattable.Howmuchpaperisthereonthattable?Onwhichtableisthereanypaper?3、Thereisaneraserandthreepensinmypencil-box.Howmanyerasersandthreepensarethereinmypencil-box?Inwhosepencil-boxisthereaneraserandthreepens?4、Therearethreecupsonthattable.Howmanycupsarethereonthattable?5、Therearesomecupsandaspoononthattable.Whatandaspoonisthereonthattable?Onwhichtablearethereanycupsandaspoon?二、therebe的begoingto句型：表示在某地馬上有某物1、therebe(is、are)goingtobe+名詞+地址+其余-6-2、否定句：therebenotgoingtobe+名詞+地址+其余3、一般問句：betherenotgoingtobe+名詞+地址+其余4、特別問句：疑問詞+be+theregoingtobe+名詞+地址+時間練習：1、Thereisgoingtobeanappleandtwoorangesonthattableinthreeminutes.Howmanyapplesandtwoorangesaretheregoingtobeonthattableinthreeminutes?Whatandtwoorangesaretheregoingtobeonthattableinthreeminutes?Onwhichtableistheregoingtobeanappleandtwoorangesinthreeminutes?Inhowmanyminutesistheregoinggobeanappleandtwoorangesonthattable?Whenistheregoingtobeanappleandtwoorangesonthattable?2、Therearegoingtobetwodressesandacoatonmybedtomorrowmorning.Onwhosebedaretheregoingtobetwodressesandacoattomorrowmorning?Whichmorningaretheregoingtobetwodressesandacoatonmybed?五、begoingto一、begoingto：①表示“馬上、將要、打算〞干②一定加動詞原形be(am、is、are)二、begoingtobe表示①馬上成為②馬上抵達某地③馬上在某處呆多長時間1、否定句：主語+benotgoingtobe+表語+其余2、一般問句：be+主語+goingtobe+表語+其余3、特別問句：疑問詞+be+主語+goingtobe+表語+其余-7-表示一段時間〕練習：1、Sheisgoingtobeanengineernextweek.Whatisshegoingtobenextweek?Whichweekisshegoingtobeanengineer?Whenisshegoingtobeanengineer?2、TheyaregoingtobeinZJKintwohours.〔in在多長時間以后〕WhoaregoingtobeinZJKintwohours?Wherearetheygoingtobeintwohours?InhowmanyhoursaretheygoingtobeinZJK?WhenaretheygoingtobeinZJK?3、YouaregoingtobeinZJKforthreedays〔.forForhowmanydaysareyougoingtobeinZJK?HowlongareyougoingtobeinZJK?4、Theyaregoingtobehereat9’oclock.Whattimearetheygoingtobehere?5、TheyaregoingtobehereonMonday.Whatdayaretheygoingtobehere?三、實意動詞：表示動作的動詞。begoingto+實意動詞原形，表示馬上發(fā)生的動作特別問句：疑問詞+be+主語+goingto+實意動詞原形+賓語+其余練習：1、Sheisgoingtocleantheblackboardwithaneraser.Whoisgoingtocleantheblackboardwithaneraser?Whatisshegoingtocleanwithaneraser?Withwhatisshegoingtocleantheblackboard?Howisshegoingtocleantheblackboard?2、TheyaregoingtogotoBJthisafternoon.Whataretheygoingtodothisafternoon?WhichafternoonaretheygoingtogotoBJ?WhenaretheygoingtogotoBJ?-8-3、Theyaregoingtogototheparkthreetimesaweek.Howmanytimesaweekaretheygoingtogotothepark?Howoftenaretheygoingtogotothepark?六、單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞變復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞1、一般名詞后加“s〞desk→desksbook→booksgirl→girlspage→pages2、以s、x、ch、sh、z結(jié)尾的名詞加“es〞，以th結(jié)尾的名詞加“s〞bus→busesbox→boxesdish→disheswatch→watchesbuzz→buzzesmouth→mouths3、以f、fe結(jié)尾的名詞去掉“f或fe〞加“ves〞leaf→leavesknife→knivesthief→thieveswife→wives只好加“s〞：cliff[kl?f](絕壁)→cliffssafe(保險箱)→safes[se?f]proof[pru?f](憑證)→proofsgulf[g?lf](海灣)→gulfschief[t?i?f](領(lǐng)袖)→chises4、以“y〞結(jié)尾的名詞y前為元音字母時直接加“s〞，y前是輔音字母去掉“y〞加“ies〞toy→toysboy→boysray[re?](光芒)→raysguy[ga?](家伙)→guysfamily→familiesfactory['f?kt(?)r?](工廠)→factoriesparty['pɑ?t?](黨)→parties5、以“o〞結(jié)尾的名詞加“es〞,以“oo〞結(jié)尾的名詞加“s〞hero['h??r??](英豪)→heroestomato[t?'mɑ?t??](西紅柿)→tomatoespotato[p?'te?t??](土豆)→potatoesbamboo[b?m'bu:](竹子)→bamboos只好加“s〞：pianon?u](鋼琴)→pianosradio(收音機)→radios[pi'?['re?d???]photo['f??t??](照片)→photosstudio['stju?d???](畫室)→studios-9-七、神態(tài)動詞〔一〕神態(tài)動詞+實意動詞原形一、神態(tài)動詞must一定can能夠may能夠should應該ought應該need需要(即是神態(tài)動詞又是實意動詞)二、句子構(gòu)造：主語+神態(tài)動詞+實意動詞原形+賓語+其余1、YoumustgotoBJat8o’clock.2、Youmaycutthethreestickswithaknifetomorrow.3、Hecancarrythosebookstothethirdfloor.4、Youshouldgototheparkthreetimesaweek.5、Yououghttogototheparkthreetimesaweek.6、Heneedbuythreepens.(need是神態(tài)動詞)7、Heneedsthreepens.(need是實意動詞)三、否定句：主語+神態(tài)動詞+not+實意動詞原形+賓語+其余must當一定講時否定句用needn’toughtto的否定句oughtnotto1、Youneedn’tgotoBJat8o’clock.2、Youmaynotcutthethreestickswithaknifetomorrow.3、Hecan’tcarrythosebookstothethirdfloor.4、Youshouldnotgototheparkthreetimesaweek.5、Yououghtnottogototheparkthreetimesaweek.6、Heneedn’tbuythreepens.7、Hedoesn’tneedthreepens.四、一般問句：神態(tài)動詞+主語+實意動詞原形+賓語+其余1、MustyougotoBJat8o’clock?-10-2、Oughtyoutogototheparkthreetimesaweek?3、Needhebuythreepens?4、Doesheneedthreepens?五、特別問句：疑問詞+神態(tài)動詞+主語+實意動詞原形+賓語+其余1、YoumustgotoBJat8o’clock.Whatmustyoudoat8o’clock?不論作何時態(tài)的陳說句只需劃動詞就表示“干什么〞WhattimemustyougotoBJ?2、Youmaycutthethreestickswithaknifetomorrow.Whomaycutthethreestickswithaknifetomorrow?當疑問詞做主語時用陳說句語序Howmanysticksmayyoucutwithaknifetomorrow?Howmayyoucutthethreestickstomorrow?Whenmayyoucutthethreestickswithaknife?3、Hecancarrythosebookstothethirdfloor.Whichbookscanhecarrytothethirdfloor?Towhichfloorcanhecarrythosebooks?4、Youshouldgototheparkthreetimesaweek.Whereshouldyougothreetimesaweek?5、Yououghttogototheparkthreetimesaweek.Howmanytimesaweedoughtyoutogotothepark?Howoftenoughtyoutogotothepark?6、Heneedbuythreepens.Howmanypensneedhebuy?-11-〔二〕神態(tài)動詞表示推斷一、must、may、might表示推斷1、Hemustbeabeggar( ).他必定是個乞丐乞丐Hemaybeabeggar.他有可能是個乞丐2、Hemustbeinthelibrary.他必定在圖書室Hemightbeinthelibrary.他有可能在圖書室3、HemustbegoingtoBJ.他必定正在去北京HemaybegoingtoBJ.他有可能去北京4、Yourcapmightbered.你的帽子有可能是紅的Yourcapmustbered.你的帽子必定是紅的5、Theremustbethreebooksonyourdesk.在你的課桌上必定有三本書Theremightbethreebooksonyourdesk.在你的課桌有可能有三本書對此刻事物及正在進行的動作的推斷must必定may有可能

+名詞must+介詞短語may+be+ving+形容詞mustThere+be+名詞+地址may二、否定句：主語+can’t+be+表語+其余Hecan’tbeateacher.他不行能是一名老師當must含義是“一定〞時，否定句用“needn’t〞當may含義是“能夠〞時，否定句用“maynot〞三、一般問句：can+主語+be+表語+其余Canhebeateacher?當must和may表示推斷時，它們的含義分別是“必定〞“有可能〞，否定句都是“cannot〞，一般問句都用can-12-四、特別問句：1、Hemaybeabeggar.Whatmayhebe?2、Hemightbeinthelibrary.Whomightbeinthelibrary?Wheremighthebe?3、HemaybegoingtoBJ.WhomaybegoinggoBJ?Wheremayhebegoing?Whatmayhebe?4、Theremustbethreebooksonyourdesk.Howmanybooksmusttherebeonyourdesk?Onwhosedeskmusttherebethreebooks?八、此刻進行時一、此刻進行時：表示此刻正在進行的動作。二、句子構(gòu)造：主語+be+此刻分詞+賓語+其余be+此刻分詞做謂語三、此刻分詞的變化1、一般動詞后加ing。2、以e結(jié)尾的動詞去掉e加ing。3、以輔元輔字母結(jié)尾的動詞雙寫最后一個字母再加ing。stop→stopping4、以ie結(jié)尾的動詞去掉ie加ing。Heisstudyinglessontwoinmyroom.Theyarebuyingredpensinthatshop.Sheiswritingalettertohermother.<write→過去分詞written>Thatdogisrunningafteracat.Youarelyinginmybed.5、e前的三個字母為輔元輔時去掉e加ing；其余以e結(jié)尾的動詞加ing。-13-make→makingtake→takingbe→beingagree(贊同)→agreeingbecome→becomingcanoe(用獨木舟運貨)→canoeing四、否定句：主語+be+not+此刻分詞+賓語+其余五、一般問句：be+主語+此刻分詞+賓語+其余六、特別問句：疑問詞+be+主語+此刻分詞+賓語+其余Heisstudyinglessontwoinmyroom.Whichlessonishestudyinginmyroom?Inwhoseroomishestudyinginmyroom?Theyarebuyingredpensinthatshop.Whatpenaretheybuyinginthatshop?Inwhichshoparetheybuyinganyredpens?Wherearetheybuyingredpens?Sheiswritingalettertohermother.Whatisshewritingtohermother?Towhosemotherisshewritingaletter?Thatdogisrunningafteracat.Whichdogisrunningafteracat？Whatisthatdogrunningafter?Youarelyinginmybed.Inwhosebedareyoulying？九、一般未來時一、一般未來時：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。實意動詞表示動作，be動詞和therebe表示狀態(tài)，助動詞是will，will后加動詞原形。(一)be動詞一般未來時1、句子構(gòu)造：主語+will+be+表語+其余2、willbe表示：①將要成為②將要抵達某地(大地方用in,小地方用at)③表示將要呆多長時間(表示一段時間用for)Shewillbeanengineernextyear.-14-won’tTheywillbeinShangHaiat10:00.TheywillbeinShangHaiforsixdays.表示呆一段時間3、否定句：主語+willnot+be+表語+其余won’tTheywon’tbeinS.Hforsixdays.4、一般問句：Will+主語+be+表語+其余WilltheybeinS.Hforsixdays?5、特別問句：疑問詞+will+主語+be+表語+其余Shewillbeanengineernextyear.Whatwillshebenextyear?Whichyearwillshebeanengineer?Whenwillshebeanengineer?TheywillbeinShangHaiat10:00.WhowillbeinShangHaiat10:00?Wherewilltheybeat10:00?WhattimewilltheybeinShangHai?TheywillbeinShangHaiforsixdays.Wherewilltheybeforsixdays?HowlongwilltheybeinShangHai？(二)therebe的一般未來時：表示在某地將要有某物1、句子構(gòu)造：Therewillbe+名詞+地址+時間Therewillbeapenonyourdeskthisafternoon.Therewillbeacupandtwobooksonthattabletomorrow.Therewillbefiveboysandagirlinmyroomat10:00.2、否定句：Therewillnotbe+名詞+地址+時間Therewon’tbefiveboysandagirlinmyroomat10:00.3、一般問句：Willtherebe+名詞+地址+時間Willtherebefiveboysandagirlinmyroomat10:00?4、特別問句：疑問詞+willtherebe+名詞+地址+時間-15-Therewillbeapenonyourdeskthisafternoon.Howmanypenwilltherebeonyourdeskthisafternoon?Onwhosedeskwilltherebeapenthisafternoon?Whichafternoonwilltherebeapenonyourdesk?Whenwilltherebeapenonyourdesk?Therewillbeacupandtwobooksonthattabletomorrow.Whatandtwobookswilltherebeonthattabletomorrow?Onwhichtablewilltherebeacupandtwobookstomorrow?Whenwilltherebeacupandtwobooksonthattable?Therewillbefiveboysandagirlinmyroomat10:00.Howmanyboysandagirlwilltherebeinmyroomat10:00?Whoandggirlwilltherebeinmyroomat10:00?Inwhoseroomwilltherebefiveboysandagirlat10:00?Whenwilltherebefiveboysandagirlinmyroom?(三)實意動詞的一般未來時：表示將要發(fā)生的動作1、句子構(gòu)造：主語+will+動詞原形+賓語+其余HewillgotoB.Jtheretimesaweek.Shewillsweeptheflowwithabroom.Thewillgotoschoolonfoottomorrow.2、否定句：主語+willnot+動詞原形+賓語+其余Theywillnotgotoschoolonfoottomorrow.3、一般問句：Will+主語+動詞原形+賓語+其余Willtheygotoschoolonfoottomorrow?4、特別問句：疑問詞+will+主語+動詞原形+賓語+其余HewillgotoB.Jthreetimesaweek.Whatwillhedothreetimesaweek?HowmanytimesaweekwillhegotoB.J?HowoftenwillhegotoB.J?Shewillsweeptheflowwithabroom.-16-Whowillsweeptheflowwithabroom?Whatwillshesweepwithabroom?Howwillshesweeptheflow?Theywillgotoschoolonfoottomorrow.Howwilltheygotoschooltomorrow?Whenwilltheygotoschoolonfoot?練習：1、Sheisinthatroomnow.Inwhichroomisshenow?Whereisshenow?2、Therearethreepensonmydesk.Howmanypensarethereonmydesk?3、Theyaregoingtobuythreepensthisafternoon.Howmanypensaretheygoingtobuythisafternoon?Whichafternoonaretheygoingtobuythreepens?4、Heismakingfivetoys.Howmanytoysishemaking？5、Heshouldwritealettertohismother.Whatshouldhetohismother?Towhosemothershouldhewritealetter?十、一般過去時〔一〕be動詞一般過去時一、一般過去時表示過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。二、be動詞的一般過去時表示過去的狀態(tài)三、be動詞：一般此刻時〔am、is、are〕一般未來時〔willbe〕一般過去時was→主語是單數(shù)were→主語是復數(shù)[you(你、你們)永久是were]四、was、were表示①過去是②過去在某地〔at小地方、in大地方〕-17-③過去在某地呆多長時間(for)④“it〞常指時間及天氣1、Hewasanengineertenyearsbefore.2、TheywereinBeijingthismorning.3、Youwereinmyroomfortenminutesyesterday.4、ItwasMondayyesterday.5、Itwascoldyesterday.五、否定句：主語+(was、were)+not+表語+狀語Youwerenotinmyroomfortenminutesyesterday.Itwasn’tMondayyesterday.狀語是修飾動詞或全句的成份；只有be動詞才有表語，實意動詞加賓語六、一般問句：(was、were)+主語+表詞+狀語Wereyouinmyroomfortenminutesyesterday?WasitMondayyesterday?七、特別問句：疑問詞+(was、were)+主語+表語+狀語1、Hewasanengineertenyearsbefore.①②Whatwashetenyearsbefore?Howmanyyearsbeforewasheanengineer?2、TheywereinBeijingthismorning.①②③WhowereinBeijingthismorning?Whereweretheythismorning?WhichmorningweretheyinBeijing?3、Youwereinmyroomfortenminutesyesterday.①②Forhowmanyminuteswereyouinmyroomyesterday?Howlongwereyouinmyroomyesterday?4、ItwasMondayyesterday.①Whatdaywasityesterday?5、Itwascoldyesterday.①②Howwastheweatheryesterday?=whatabout怎么樣(后邊加名詞)=Howabout(后邊加形容詞)-18-〔二〕實意動詞一般過去時一、實意動詞一般過去時表示過去發(fā)生的動作，是表示動作的動詞。二、實意動詞過去式的變化1、一般動詞后加ed，work→worked2、以e結(jié)尾的動詞加d，live→lived3、以y結(jié)尾的動詞，y前是元音字母直接加ed，play→playedy前是輔音字母去掉y加ied，study→studied4、以輔元輔字母結(jié)尾的動詞，雙寫最后一個字母再加ed，plan→planner，stop→stopped5、特別變化：動詞原形過去式過去分詞動詞原形過去式過去分詞動詞原形過去式過去分詞buyboughtboughtsendsentsentcomecamecomefindfoundfoundsweepsweptsweptgivegavegivengetgotgottelltoldtoldswimswamswumhavehadhadcutcutcuttaketooktakenhearheardheardputputputeatateeatenleaveleftleftreadreadreadgowentgoneloselostlostsetsetsetriseroserisenmakemademadeshutshutshutseesawseenmeetmetmetdodiddonespeakspokespokenHeworkedfortenhoursyesterday.IlivedatNo.10kingstreetlastweek.Theystudiedlessontenthismorning.Theyplayedfootballonthesportsgroundyesterdayafternoon.Sheplannedtogototheparkthreetimesaweek.Hecutsomestickswithaknifejustnow.三、否定句：主語+didnot+動詞原形+賓語+狀語Hedidn’tcutanystickswithaknifejustnow.四、一般問句：Did+主語+動詞原形+賓語+狀語-19-Didsheplantogototheparkthreetimesaweek?<do、does是實意動詞一般此刻時的助動詞；will是一般未來時的助動詞;did是一般過去時的助動詞>五、特別問句：疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形+賓語+狀語1、Heworkedfortenhoursyesterday.①②③Whatdidhedofortenhoursyesterday?Howlongdidheworkyesterday?Whendidheworkfortenhours?2、IlivedatNo.10kingstreetlastweek.①②Whendidyouliveatlastweek?WhichweekdidyouliveatNo.10kingstreet?<liveat和livein一般不分開>3、Theystudiedlessontenthismorning.①Whichlessondidtheystudythismorning?4、Theyplayedfootballonthesportsgroundyesterdayafternoon.①②Whodidplayfootballonthesportsgroundyesterdayafternoon?Wheredidtheyplayfootballyesterdayafternoon?5、Sheplannedtogototheparkthreetimesaweek.①②③Whatdidsheplantodothreetimesaweek?<劃上動詞的要用do>Howmanytimesaweekdidsheplantogotothepark?Howoftendidsheplantogotothepark?<howfor多遠howlong多長beforfrom離多遠>6、Hecutsomestickswithaknifejustnow.①②Howmanysticksdidhecutwithaknifejustnow?Howdidhecutsomesticksjustnow?<希望獲得必定回復時，some用在疑問句中；表示已經(jīng)確立了事，some用在否定句中，不可以用在疑問句中>〔三〕therebe的一般過去時-20-一、therebe的一般過去時表示過去某地有某物二、therewas+①可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)②不行數(shù)名詞③可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不行數(shù)名詞+其余were+①可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)②可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)+其余1、TherewasanEnglishteacherinourclassroomthismorning.2、Therewassomebreadonthattableyesterday.3、TherewasanEnglishteacherand20studentsinourclassroomyesterday.4、Therewere20studentsinthatclassroomjustnow.5、Therewere20studentsandanEnglishteacherinthatclassroomjustnow.三、否定句：Therewasnot+名詞+地址+時間were四、一般問句：wasthere+名詞+地址+時間werewas五、特別問句：疑問詞+werethere+名詞+地址+時間1、TherewasanEnglishteacherinourclassroomthismorning.①②③HowmanyEnglishteacherswerethereinourclassroomthismorning？②InwhoseclassroomwasthereanEnglishteacherthismorning?WhichmorningwasthereanEnglishteacherinourclassroom?2、Therewassomebreadonthattableyesterday.①②③Whatwasthereonthattableyesterday?Onwhichtablewastheresomebreadyesterday?Whenwastheresomebreadonthattable?3、TherewasanEnglishteacherand20studentsinourclassroomyesterday.Whatand20studentswerethereinourclassroomyesterday?4、Therewere20studentsinthatclassroomjustnow.Howmanystudentswerethereinthatclassroomjustnow?十一、此刻達成時〔一〕be動詞此刻達成時一、此刻達成時表示此刻已經(jīng)達成的動作或狀態(tài)。二、be動詞、therebe的此刻達成時表示此刻已經(jīng)達成的狀態(tài)。-21-三、be動詞此刻達成時(am、is、are)是一般此刻時；(was、were)是一般過去時；willbe一般未來時；been是此刻達成時，此中been是be動詞的過去分詞四、be動詞此刻達成時的句子構(gòu)造：主語+have(has)+been+表語+狀語五、be動詞此刻達成時：表示①已經(jīng)成為(for表示一段時間)②表示已經(jīng)去過(也表示抵達某地)③在某地呆多長時間(in大地方、at小地方)1、Hehasbeenanengineerfortenyears.2、ShehasbeentoAmericatentimes.3、TheyhavebeeninZJKfortenyears.六、否定句：主語+have(has)+not+been+表語+狀語TheyhavenotbeeninZJKfortenyears.七、一般問句：Have(Has)+主語+been+表語+狀語HasshebeentoAmericatentimes.八、特別問句：疑問詞+have(has)+主語+been+表語+狀語1、Hehasbeenanengineerfortenyears.①②Whathashebeenfortenyears?Howlonghashebeenanengineer?2、ShehasbeentoAmericatentimes.①②③WhohasbeentoAmericatentimes？Wherehasshebeententimes?HowmanytimeshasshebeentoAmerica?3、TheyhavebeeninZJKfortenyears.①②Wherehavetheybeenfortenyears?ForhowmanyyearshavetheybeeninZJK?〔二〕therebe此刻達成時一、therebe此刻達成時表示在某處已經(jīng)有某物二、therebe的此刻達成時的形式thereis一般此刻時therewas一般過去時therewillbe一般未來時arewere-22-therehasbeen此刻成時have三、therebe此刻達成時的句子構(gòu)造Therehavebeen+名詞+地址+時間has四、Therehavebeen+①可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)②可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)+其余hasbeen+①單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞②不行數(shù)名詞③單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不行數(shù)名詞+其余1、Therehasbeenanote-bookonyourdeskthismorning.2、Therehasbeenanote-bookandfivepensonthatdesk.3、Therehasbeensomebreadonthattablejustnow.4、Therehavebeenthreemopsonthefloor.5、Therehavebeenthreemopsandadustpanonthefloor.['d?stp?n]簸箕五、一般問句Have(Has)there+been+名詞+地址+時間Hastherebeenanybreadonthattablejustnow.六、否定句Therehave(has)+not+been名+詞+地址+時間Therehasnotbeenanybreadonthattablejustnow.七、特別問句疑問詞+have(has)there+been名+詞+地址+時間1、Therehasbeenanote-bookonyourdeskthismorning.①②③Howmanynote-bookshavetherebeenonyourdeskthismorning?Onwhosedeskhastherebeenanote-bookthismorning?介詞后的名詞作介詞的賓語，叫介賓<對介詞的賓語發(fā)問時介詞要放在句首>Whichmorninghastherebeenanote-bookonyourdesk?2、Therehasbeenanote-bookandfivepensonthatdesk.①②③Whatandfivepenshavetherebeenonthatdesk?Onwhichdeskhastherebeenanote-bookandfivepens?-23-Wherehastherebeenanote-bookandfivepens?3、Therehasbeensomebreadonthattablejustnow.①②Howmanybreadhastherebeenonthattablejustnow?Whenhastherebeensomebreadonthattable?4、Therehavebeenthreemopsonthefloor.Howmanymopshavetherebeenonthefloor?5、Therehavebeenthreemopsandadustpanonthefloor.Howmanymopsandadustpanhastherebeenonthefloor?〔三〕實意動詞的此刻達成時一、實意動詞的此刻達成時1、be動詞2、助動詞：一般此刻時do、does；過去時did；未來時will；此刻達成時have、has3、神態(tài)動詞：must、can、may4、實意動詞：表示此刻已經(jīng)達成的動作二、句子構(gòu)造主語+have(has)+實意動詞的過去分詞+賓語+狀語三、實意動詞過去分詞的變化1、一般動詞后加ed；work→workedHehasworkedfortenhoursalready.單(數(shù)第三人稱對has)表示重申2、以e結(jié)尾的動詞加d；live→livedTheyhavelivedinZJKsince1999.(只需有since一定用此刻達成時)3、以y結(jié)尾的動詞y前為元間字母時加ed；y前為輔音字母時去掉y加ed；stay→stayedstudy→studiedWehavestudiedlesson9thismorning.Shehasstayedinherroomforthreehour.4、最后3個字母輔元輔結(jié)尾的動詞雙寫最后一個字母再加ed；plan→plannedTheyhaveplannedtogototheparkthreetimesaweek.-24-5、特別變化buy→boughtfind→foundget→gothave→hadhear→heardleave→leftlose→lostmake→mademeet→metsend→sentsweep→swepttell→toldcut→cutput→putread→readset→setshut→shutdo→donecome→comegive→givenswim→swumtake→takeneat→eatengo→gonerise→risensee→seenspeak→spokenShehasgonetoAmerica.Hehascutthreestickswithaknife.四、一般問句Have(Has)+主語+實意動詞過去分詞+賓語+狀語Haveyoustudiedlesson9thismorning?五、否定句主語+have(has)not+實意動詞過去分詞+賓語+狀語Shehasnotstayedinherroomforthreehours.六、特別問句疑問詞+have(has)+主語+實意動詞過去分詞+賓語+狀語1、Hehasworkedfortenhoursalready.Howlonghasheworkedalready?2、TheyhavelivedinZJKsince1999.①②Wherehavetheylivedsince1999SincewhenhavetheylivedinaZJK?when是名詞性疑問詞能夠做since的賓語；since是介詞，在一般狀況下介詞和名詞放在一同名詞做介詞的賓語，發(fā)問時疑問詞要放在介詞以后3、Wehavestudiedlesson9thismorning.①②③④Whathaveyoustudiedthismorning?Whichlessonhaveyouthismorning?Whichmorninghaveyoustudiedlesson9?Whenhaveyoustudiedlesson9?-25-4、Shehasstayedinherroomforthreehours.Forhowmanyhourshassheinherroom?5、Theyhaveplannedtogototheparkthreetimesaweek.①②③Whathavetheyplannedtodothreetimesaweek?<發(fā)問時劃住動詞要用do，do要跟著時態(tài)的變化而變化>Wherehavetheyplannedtogoheretimesaweek?Howoftenhavetheyplannedtogotothepark?6、ShehasgonetoAmerica.Wherehasshegone?<where疑問詞后不加to>7、Hehascutthreestickswithaknife.①②③Howmanystickshashecutwithaknife?Whathashedonewithaknife?Howhashecutthreesticks?〔四〕神態(tài)動詞的此刻達成時一、神態(tài)動詞的此刻達成時：表示對過去所發(fā)生的動做或狀態(tài)的推斷二、句子構(gòu)造主語+神態(tài)動詞+have(has)+表語+其余(be動詞)主語+神態(tài)動詞+have+實意動詞的過去分詞+其余(實意動詞)三、各個神態(tài)動詞的含義1、must必定Hemusthavebeenamechanicfortenyears.ShemusthavegonetoAmerica.must加實意動詞的此刻達成時表示對過去動作的推斷2、may可能might及可能Theymay(might)havebeeninZJKforthreeyears.3、should應該SheshouldhavebeentoAmericatentimes.四、否定句-26-Hecan’thavebeenamechanicfortenyears.must、may當推斷講時，否定式為can’t(表示不必定)might有可能，否定式為can’tshould否定式為shouldn’t(不該該)1、Theymighthavesweptthefloor.Theycan’thavesweptthefloor.五、一般問句1、Youmustmakethebed.一定Youneedn’tmakethebed.(否定)Mustyoumakethebed?(問句)六、特別問句

2、HemaygotoBJnow.能夠HemaynotgotoBJnow.MayhegotoBJnow?1、Youmustmakethebed.Whatmustyoudo?2、HemaygotoBJnow.WhenmayhegotoBJ?當must、may、can的含義分別是一定、能夠、能夠時一般問句和特別問句仍舊分別用must、may、can；可能否定句分別用needn’t、maynot、can’t十二、句子成份一、句子成份主語：動作或狀態(tài)的發(fā)出者謂語：主語的動作或狀態(tài)賓語：動作的對象定語：修飾、限制名詞的成份狀語：修飾限制謂語或動詞的成份表語：表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、地點的成份1、Ibuypens.主謂賓2、Ibuyfiveredpens(inthatshop).主謂定語賓地址狀語-27-3、Heisateacher.主謂4、Sheisinmyroomnow.主謂賓5、Sheisgoingtobeateacher(nextyear).主謂表時間狀語二、be動詞、神態(tài)動詞、助動詞與后邊動詞一同作謂語1、IamstudyingEnglish.2、IwillstudyEnglish.主謂賓主謂賓3、Icansweepthefloor主謂賓三、定語1、形容詞做定語表示被修飾詞的狀態(tài)Hesoldthatbeautifulvase.主謂定形容詞賓2、此刻分詞做定語表示被修飾詞正在進行的動作或主動的動作ThemanteachingyouEnglishnowwenttoBJyesterday.主此刻分詞定謂賓3、動詞不定式作定語表示被修飾詞主動的動作或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的動作Themantoteachyouwillworkinyourschool.主定謂地址狀語4、過去分詞作定語表示被修飾詞的被動動作Iwillrepairthebrokenwindow.主謂定賓5、動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語表示被修飾詞將要發(fā)生的被動動作be+過去分詞組成被動語態(tài)Hedislikesthehousetobebuilt.主(不喜愛)謂賓定build過去分詞十三、賓語從句一、成份：主語：動作的發(fā)出者謂語：主語的動作賓語：動作的對象二、賓語從句：做賓語的句子，是做動作對象的句子。1、Hethink[thatheshouldgohomenow].主謂主謂狀狀賓語從句-28-2、Hesays[whowillsweepthefloor].主謂主謂賓賓語從句3、Heaskswhereyoucomefrom.4、Sheaskswhyyoudidn’tcomeearly.5、Weknowhowmanybooksyoubought.6、Weknowwhatyoubought.7、Idon’tknowifyouareright.8、Heknows[thatyouwillcallattheGreatwall].主謂主謂賓賓語從句9、Hesaid[whentheycameback].主謂主謂賓賓語從句10、Theyasked[whyyoudidn’tgohave].主謂主謂賓賓語從句11、Heisafraid[thathewillnotpasstheexam].主謂主謂賓賓語從句12、Theyaresure[thatyouarewrong].主謂主謂賓語從句13、Iamcertain[thatheisathome].主謂主謂賓賓語從句三、賓語從句應注意的事項1、要有指引詞(關(guān)系代詞)疑問詞：①where那邊；②what什么事(可做主語或賓語)；③when什么時候；④why為何；⑤who誰(做主語)；⑥whom誰(做賓語)；○7that無任何意義；-29-○8if、whether能否。TheyaskmewhereIhavegone.②HesaidthatJohnwentgoBeijing.主謂賓指引詞主謂主謂指引詞主謂賓語從句賓語從句Theyaskedif(whether)youhadpassedtheexam.主謂指引詞主謂賓賓語從句④Heaskswhatmadehimhappy.⑤Hetoldmewhyhewaslate.主謂主謂賓賓補主謂賓主謂賓語從句賓語從句Theysaidwhenyoubeat.主謂賓主賓賓語從句

○7Theysaidwhobeatyou.主謂主謂賓賓語從句where、when、why、if(whether)做狀語；what做主語、賓語；who做主語；whom做賓語that可做指引詞，但無任何意義可省略，其余指引詞決不行省略；將詞一定放在賓語從句句首2、在任何從句中都沒有問句的形式，決不可以用助動詞3、主句是過去不時，從句必定不出現(xiàn)此刻時4、who在賓語從句中做主語或賓語；全部疑問詞都可做指引詞不行省略，由于它們在賓語從句中要做相應的成份5、在英語中只有形容詞beafraid(擔憂的)、besure(確信的)、becertain(['s?:t?n]確信)才能夠加賓語從句十四、直接引語變間接引語一、直接引語變間接引語1、直接引語：直接陳說所要表述的東西語言Hesays：“Iamateacher〞.2、間接引語：轉(zhuǎn)述他人的語言Hesaysthatheisateacher.Heasks:“whyareyoulate?〞(直接)Heaskswhyyouarelate.間(接)Theysay:“whenwillwego?〞Theysaywhentheywillgo.-30-練習：(直接賓語變間接賓語)1、Shesays:“Ihavethreepens〞Shesaysthatshehasthreepens.二、直接引語變間接引語注意：1、間接引語就是賓語從句2、注意賓語從句的人稱變化3、注意賓語從句的時態(tài)變化①當主句是一般過去不時從句的一般此刻時要變一般過去時②當主句是一般過去不時從句的一般過去時要變過去達成時③當主句是一般過去不時從句的此刻達成時要變過去達成時④當主句是一般過去不時從句的一般未來時變過去未來時4、注意時間的變化yesterday→thedaybeforenow→thentomorrow→nextday5、作何從句不單是賓語從句都沒有問句的形式，只有主句才能變問句形式HesaidwhenhecouldgotoBJ.DidhesaywhenhecouldgotoBJ?WhydidhesaywhenhecouldgotoBJ?WhendidhesaywhenhecouldgotoBJ?十五、反意問句一、反意疑問句是希望對所陳說內(nèi)容進行再次確認的句子翻譯成“是嗎、對嗎、好吧、行嗎、不對嗎、不是嗎〞Youareateacher,aren’tyou?二、反意疑問句的根本句式〔一〕陳說句的反意問句1、be動詞、神態(tài)動詞、助動詞的反意問句的形式：①必定陳說句+否定反意問句否定陳說句+必定反意問句Heisateacher,isn’the?必定否定

Heisn’tateacher,ishe?必定否定-31-(必定回復②不論必定仍能否定，是be動詞、神態(tài)動詞、助動詞的必定與否定③注意時態(tài)及數(shù)的一致變反意問句：Heisn’tastudent.Heisn’tastudent,ishe?Thereisapenthere.Thereisapenthere,isn’tthere?Theyaregoingtogohome.Theyaregoingtogohome,aren’tthey?Hecansweepthefloor.Hecansweepthefloor,can’the?Sheisn’tgoingtotheoffice.Sheisn’tgoingtotheoffice,isshe?Youwon’tstudyEnglish.Youwon’tstudyEnglish,willyou?willnotHegoestoschool.Hegoestoschool,doesn’the?Heisateacher.Heisateacher,isn’the?Thereisacarhere.Thereisacarhere,isn’tthere?Wearegoingtogotoschool.Wearegoingtogotoschool,aren’twe?Theyareeating.Theyareeating,aren’tthey?Youmustgohome.Youmustgohome,mustn’tyou?Hedoesn’tstudyEnglish.Hedoesn’tstudyEnglish，doeshe?Shewillnotgo.Shewillnotgo,willshe?Shewasn’taworker.Shewasn’taworker,wasshe?Theydidn’tsleep.Theydidn’tsleep,didthey?Youhaven’tcomehome.Youhaven’tcomehome,haveyou？2、反意問句的回復否定的陳說句+必定反意問句yes與no要與陳說句的必定與否定一致時態(tài)：be動詞、神態(tài)動詞、助動詞一致Heisateacher,isn’the?Yes,heisateacher.(必定回復)No,heisn’tateacher.否(定回復)Hedidhishomework,didn’the?Yes,hedidhishomework.)-32-(必定回復(否定回復)(必定回復)(否定回復)No,hedidn’tdohishomework.(否定回復)Hedoesn’tstudyEnglish，doeshe?No,hedoesn’tYes,hedoes.Shewillnotgo,willshe?No,shewillnot.)Yes,shewill.Shewasn’taworker,wasshe?No,shewasn’t.(必定回復)Yes,shewas.(否定回復)Theydidn’tsleep,didthey?No,shedidn’t.(必定回復)Yes,shedid.(否定回復)○7Youhaven’tcomehome,haveyou？No,Ihaven’t.(必定回復)Yes,Ihave.(否定回復)〔二〕祈使句的反意問句1、必定祈使句+willyou否定2、以let’s開頭的祈使句：①邀請他人共同干某事時用shallwe②在其余狀況下用willyou3、在表示征采對方建議的祈使句用willyou4、必定防備用won’t(willnot)you、shallnotwe變反意問句：Don’topenthewindow.Don’topenthewindow,willyou？Letmehelpyou.Letmehelpyou,willyou?Let’sgoswimming.Let’sgoswimming,shallwe?LetusLetusgoshopping.letusgoshopping,shallwe?Letushelpyou.letushelpyou,willyou?-33-Don’tclosethedoor.Don’tclosethedoor,willyou?Closethewindow.Closethewindow,willyou?〔三〕句中有l(wèi)ittle、few、hardly、never、notonlybutalso(不單并且)、rarely等否定或半否定詞時反意問句用必定，可是假如句中的否定詞是加前綴而組成的否定詞當正常陳說句對待1、Hehaslittlemoney.Hehaslittlemoney,doeshe?2、YounevergotoBeijing.YounevergotoBeijing,doyou?3、Hecanhardlycatchthetrain.Hecanhardlycatchthetrain,canhe?4、FewstudentswillgotoBJ.FewstudentswillgotoBJ,willthey?5、Heisunhappy.Heisunhappy,isn’the?6、Theywenthomeunpleasantly.Theywenthomeunpleasantly,didn’tthey?Heworkshard,doesn’the?Theycan’tgonow,canthey?Cleanyourroom,willyou?Don’tcleanyourroom,willyou?Let’sgoforawalk,shallwe?Let’shelpyou,willyou?〔四〕1、句中有nothing、everything、something、anything等代表物的詞做主語時，反意問句主語是it；句中有nobody、everybody、somebody、anybody等代表人的詞做主語時，反意問句的主語是they；含有否定詞的陳說句要用必定的反意問句Hedidn’tcome.TheyneverwenttoBJ.素來沒有Fewpeoplewillworkforyou.幾乎沒有

Hedidn’tcome,didhe?TheyneverwenttoBJ,didthey?Fewpeoplewillworkforyou,willthey?④Thereislittlewaterhere.Thereislittlewaterhere,isthere?幾乎沒有Nothingcanbefound,canit?⑤Nothingcanbefound.沒有東西Nobodywasintheroom.

Nobodywasintheroom,werethey?沒有人⑦Heisunhappy.Heisunhappy，isn’the?不快樂-34-⑧Hedislikesyou.Hedislikesyou,doesn’t?不喜愛Hepassedtheexamunsuccessfully.不行功Hepassedtheexamunsuccessfully,didn’the?⑩Itisimpossible.Itisimpossible,isn’tit?○不行能的Heishopeless,isn’the?Heishopeless.11沒希望2、假如句中有“never、few、little、scarcely(極少、極少)、seldom(極少)、nothing、nobody等詞，反意問句用必定形式。3、假如句中有unhappy、dislikes、unsuccessfully、impossible、hopeless，反意問句用否定形式，由于它們是加前綴或后綴變?yōu)榈姆穸ㄔ~